Many people prefer to finish base surface stretch ceilings. This design is universal and looks attractive. As lighting fixtures For suspended ceilings LED strips are used or Spotlights. If you decide to use spot lighting, you can use incandescent, fluorescent, or LED bulbs.
Spot lighting is used most often, because it fits harmoniously into any interior. Thanks to spotlights, you can create various lighting effects. For example, using LED bulbs you can create a starry sky.
There are different types of spotlights. With their help, you can conditionally divide the room into a relaxation area and work area. For zoning, you can use LED or halogen directional light lamps.
Advantages of spotlights:
- Relatively low cost.
- Economy. Spotlights in the living room will become great solution, as they consume a small amount of electricity.
- Versatility. Spotlights go well with any design.
- Compactness. Due to their small dimensions, spotlights can be easily installed in suspended ceiling. You don't need to cut big hole canvas.
Unusual ceiling lighting options
What other lighting options for suspended ceilings exist? Spots fit harmoniously into the design of the living room. They are specialized directional ceiling lamps. The design of the spots allows you to direct the light source to any part of the room. Typically, this type of lighting is used as auxiliary, however, if desired, it can be used as the main one.
Advantages of spots:
- Versatility. Spots can be easily installed on multi-level tension fabrics.
- Easy to install.
- Spots do not require the installation of an additional transformer.
- Durability. Numerous examples have proven that spotlights are more durable than chandeliers or spotlights.
Spots can be built-in or surface. Experts recommend giving preference to the second option, because surface spots are easier to attach to the suspended canvas. In addition, this lighting option does not require preliminary preparation surface and bringing the wiring out.
Selecting lighting in the children's room
To illuminate a suspended ceiling in a children's room, it is recommended to use recessed lamps. Both halogen and LED lamps can be used for lighting. As an alternative, incandescent lamps are permitted. Recessed luminaires can have a round or square configuration.
Recessed lamps can be arranged either in one row or in a checkerboard pattern. Experts recommend giving preference to the second option. The chess order not only looks more beautiful, but also allows you to achieve uniform distribution light throughout the room.
If you decide to use recessed lights, then give preference to halogen lamps. They are made from special quartz glass, and have high stability to influence high temperatures. Remember that halogen lamps get very hot during operation, so the frame and decorative flanges of the lamp must be made of metal.
The advantages of halogen lamps also include:
- High brightness.
- Practicality. Unlike fluorescent light sources, halogen lamps light up instantly when turned on.
- Wide selection of shapes.
- Durability.
- Low cost.
Raster lighting on modern stretch ceilings
To illuminate the living room, you can use raster lamps. They are built-in and overhead. Fluorescent or LED lamps are used as lighting devices for raster lamps.
Experts recommend giving preference to fluorescent lamps, because they heat up less and shine brighter than LED lamps. However, they may slightly distort color perception due to the uneven distribution of the light spectrum.
If you use raster lamps, consider some nuances:
- Wiring for lamps must be placed in corrugated pipe, and make a small cable run at the location of the lamp.
- The lamp must be connected to the general wiring exclusively through a special terminal block.
- The profile for panels for raster lamps must be made of aluminum.
Choosing lighting for a glossy stretch ceiling
To decorate a glossy ceiling, it is recommended to use LED strip made from LED lamps. With its help, you can emphasize certain interior details and visually expand the space. In addition, the LED strip will help divide the living room into several functional zones.
Advantages of LED backlight:
- Easy to install. To install this lighting, you only need double-sided tape.
- Economical. LED backlight consumes 2-3 times less energy than halogen lamps.
- High service life.
- No overheating.
- The flexibility of the board will help implement any design ideas. For example, you can lay out the ribbon in a zigzag pattern.
The brightness of the lighting can be adjusted using a special system. To make it, you need to connect a monochrome product to a power supply. The product must be connected via a dimmer.
Living room lighting options with suspended ceilings (video)
To illuminate the living room, you can use various lighting fixtures. The choice of a specific lighting method will depend on the design of the room and the texture of the canvas. If the living room is designed in a country or minimalist style, it is recommended to give preference to raster lamps. In other cases, it is more advisable to use spot lighting or LED strip.
Lighting in the living room with suspended ceilings (photo)
Particular attention should be paid to the design of ceilings. Lighting is one of the fundamental aspects of housing design. The most significant role in this matter is played by ceiling lighting, because proper selection and installation of lighting fixtures will help create a harmonious environment, unique style premises, emphasizing its individuality.
Ceiling lighting design is a complex concept, and it is based on several interrelated tasks. Let's begin with modern lighting There are two types of ceilings - general and local.
With the help of general lighting, a powerful stream of light is evenly distributed throughout the room, creating a physiologically based, basic background. Lamps are used for these purposes highest power. And at the next stage, local lighting is designed, which emphasizes the overall architecture of the room and individual elements interior
The photo with ceiling lighting clearly shows what the ceiling will look like with various types lighting.
Using Various types lamps, you can not only create numerous options for ceiling lighting, but also combine them with each other. However, you should take into account some features that each type of ceiling structure has.
Stretch ceiling lighting
When choosing lamps for suspended ceilings, you should keep one thing in mind: important detail. Shiny surface such a ceiling becomes a very good reflector, and if you use one light source, it will attract undue attention, concentrating the light at the location of the lamp, leaving the far corners of the room poorly lit. And even the most spectacular chandelier in combination with a smooth, almost mirror-like stretch ceiling will not provide comfortable lighting.
Therefore, spot lighting of the ceilings with halogen lamps, evenly built over the entire surface of the ceiling, will look more harmonious here. Lamps of this type produce directional beams of light. But it is important to know that the body of a working lamp at the point of contact with the ceiling material should not heat above 60ºC. Therefore, it is not recommended to use halogen lamps with a power higher than 35-40 W.
Using halogen lamps you can also organize built-in ceiling lighting. For this purpose, each lamp is attached so that its main part is located in the space formed between the main base and the tension fabric. Pointed light streams will create the perfect impression flat surface ceiling with an amazing play of light.
Suspended ceiling lighting
In most cases, suspended ceilings are made of plasterboard - today this is the most available material, it is simple and practical to use, and what is especially important is that it allows you to create the most amazing shapes suspended structures and the most extraordinary lighting methods. But it should be remembered that lighting for a plasterboard ceiling must be arranged at the stage of its installation, because it is at this time that the wiring must be laid, the wiring diagram in the electrical box must be thought out, and the option of attaching the lamp to the ceiling must be selected.
For ceilings hanging type any type of lamp is suitable, but perhaps the most good option- This is ceiling lighting with LED strip. Neon lighting along the contour of the ceiling will also look good. An LED strip or neon cord is placed under the ceiling in shaped plasterboard niches. The light, reflected from the main surface of the ceiling, will create a very cozy and uniform illumination. Suspended structure at the same time, it seems to “float” under the arch of the ceiling. This type lighting is also known as hidden ceiling lighting.
An important factor influencing a person’s life is the organization of housing lighting. Scientists have proven that different light sources have different effects on the body's condition. Bright overhead lighting and soft, diffused twilight create different sensations of the environment and give the interior a unique perception. When planning a lighting system in a house or apartment, try to create a universal scheme, with the ability to change the strength and direction of the rays. This will help to adjust the environment to the appropriate mood and situation, and home furnishings will provide positive influence for your well-being.
Many different sources allow you to combine illumination from the brightest to the side, dimmed
Today, suspended ceilings, which have their pros and cons, have gained popularity in interiors. Next, we will discuss the organization of lighting, the choice of lighting sources and devices, the location of central, side and bottom lights. Let's look at some design rules regarding home lighting.
Innovative developments, the emergence of new technological lighting devices have made fashion trend the use of spotlights and LED strips, especially on the ceiling. The light source market is currently wide, and you can choose the type and model of lamps to suit any design style. This allows designers to use different combination lighting devices. Light sources, different in shape, aperture and emission spectrum, are also distinguished by technology:
- Incandescent lamps and devices based on them (floor lamps, sconces, table and wall structures).
- Halogen lamps.
- Fluorescent lamps.
- LEDs (spotlight or collected in a strip).
Neon lights and LED strips are becoming fashionable for ceilings. Big number design solutions includes similar light sources. It is considered original to replace central sources and outdated lamps with technologically advanced lamps, especially when installing suspended ceilings. Multi-colored rays add style and color to the interior, bring functionality and unforgettableness.
If we consider public areas, offices and shopping and entertainment complexes, then lighting standards have been developed for them. The types of devices are also standardized. Such requirements were developed by Rospotrebnadzor and depend on the functionality of the premises.
For home lighting There are no strict standards, but it is still worth considering recommendations for creating a healthy and comfortable environment. The selection of sources, their location, type and aperture ratio is carried out by home owners according to their wishes and tastes. But below we will provide recommendations to make your home better and more comfortable.
Types of lighting fixtures Lamps for tensile structures
Our article is devoted to the schemes by which lighting is arranged in rooms with suspended ceilings. Therefore, let's say a few words about such structures.
Stretch ceilings are made from polyvinyl chloride films and special fabrics with polyester fibers. The panels have different colors, can harmoniously fit into the interior of any style, and additional lighting will only emphasize their beauty. In addition, stretch ceilings have a number of advantages. This:
- Practicality. The cloth, stretched under the ceilings, hides flaws and unevenness, and covers problems with whitewashing and painting the ceiling.
- Long service life. Warranty periods, issued by manufacturers, are 5-6 years, but in fact stretch ceilings last 15 years or more.
- Durability and safety. The film or fabric panel can withstand leakage from above with a large volume of liquid.
- Environmental friendliness. European stretch ceilings meet high environmental safety standards (avoid cheap Chinese counterfeits); such structures are harmless to the human body.
- Reasonable price. The price/quality ratio looks attractive. And in comparison with plasterboard or slatted ceilings total cost component materials and installation costs are approximately the same.
- Moisture resistance. Stretch ceilings are suitable for use in rooms with high humidity, this is true for kitchens, bathrooms and toilets. Film surfaces do not become damp and do not require touch-up like plasterboard ceilings.
- Beautiful appearance. A wide range of colors and different textures of tension panels allow designers to create original interiors.
These main advantages tensile structures make them popular. In addition, such a ceiling finish makes it possible to build various lamps and create diverse lighting, which will create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere. All that remains is to choose the lamps and place them correctly on the ceiling to give the interior comfort and beauty, see photo.
A well-chosen scheme of lamps on the ceiling, creating a mood Selection of ceiling illumination
When installing suspended ceilings, you need to plan the lighting scheme in advance. This is important for laying wiring and positioning lighting fixtures - light bulbs, spotlights and chandeliers. Until recently, chandeliers were considered popular lighting devices. New trends in design have made spotlights fashionable, which allow you to emphasize certain areas in the room and highlight interesting objects and interior details. With precise directed beams you can get a stunning effect, and the atmosphere of your home will be transformed.
An important nuance for choosing light bulbs and their luminosity is color palette ceiling. In room design, a combination of different shades is often used, and it is highly desirable that the lamps also blend harmoniously with the decor. The interior can be transformed if you change the layout of light sources. To understand some of the rules for placing lighting devices, you need to know the following:
- The type of sources should be selected based on the functional purpose of the room. For example, a living room may have several lighting zones with halogen lamps - spotlights and a chandelier, while in a nursery it is better to use warm light from incandescent light bulbs.
- When organizing ceiling lighting, you should consider how bright the room is. The number and size of windows that affect natural light determine what power the lamps should be installed, because darkened rooms need additional light sources.
- The dimensions of the premises should be taken into account, for example, the kitchen should have several lighting zones, and the bathroom should be fully and brightly illuminated.
- Creating several zones with different levels of light (and maybe different colors) will make certain parts of the rooms stand out.
- And, of course, the tastes and wishes of the residents are taken into account. Some people like central lighting and the dream of a chandelier haunts them, while others follow fashion and are ready to install many light bulbs of different brightnesses.
An example can be seen in the photo: the combination of a chandelier, sconces and spotlights makes the interior festive and elegant.
How to calculate the required number of lamps
In some cases good result to change the lighting in the room brings a simple replacement old chandelier modern and beautiful lamps, wall or tabletop. But you can act much more rationally by thinking through and planning the lighting scheme, based on the needs and tastes of those living in the house. What type of light radiation to choose is a matter of preference; a yellowish, warm spectrum from incandescent lamps, a bright halogen or a cold luminescent glow is an individual question. But it is recommended to maintain the level of illumination based on the developed sanitary and hygienic standards. It should be based on the rated power of the light bulbs. The standards say that for every square meter of housing there should be one source medium power. Indoors at 20 square meters it is necessary to install 10-12 lamps depending on the power of light radiation. It is important to consider the design of the lighting device; external sources, installed outside, provide greater illumination than the built-in directional one.
The location of the sources also matters. It is traditional to place a central lamp under the ceiling for living rooms and children's rooms. Lamps in the corner of the room are typical for bedrooms, kitchens and offices. Disorderly placement point sources in combination with LED elements will allow you to create an imitation of stars above your head, as in the photo.
The color scheme of ceilings matters for the organization of lighting in the house. The required quantity and power of sources are determined depending on whether the ceilings are light-colored or painted dark colors. When using white, beige and a similar palette of stretch fabric, fewer devices are installed. The number of light sources indicated above is approximate, but in order to create comfort and coziness in the apartment, it is recommended to adhere to the given standards.
A few words about the basics of design
Some rules for the design of premises, including the lighting system, must be followed in order to achieve optimal results.
Height perception. Using lighting, you can visually raise or reduce the height of a room:
- The light line edging the perimeter of the ceiling visually lifts it.
- Light beams from hidden lamps aimed at the ceiling also make it appear higher.
- Placing sources on a darkened ceiling with beams directed at the walls will make the room visually lower.
- The same applies to all ceilings that are dark in color or not illuminated - the height of the room is visually reduced.
Light ceilings and furnishings visually expand the space Feeling of volume. The light scheme should be built based on the laws of space perception:
- Brightly lit walls with a glossy finish or with a finish that reflects radiation will visually expand the room. A light ceiling will also help with this, since a certain amount of rays are reflected from it.
- Placing sources along a shortened room (for example, a corridor) makes it visually longer.
- The corridor, at the end of which there is a brightly illuminated wall, looks wider. However, if the bright source is placed in the center, the corridor will appear shorter.
- By changing the intensity of the lighting, a different visual sensation of the room is achieved.
Ceiling lighting options
Designers offer many options for interior design and lighting. By using different sources and their combinations, beautiful ceiling structures. Let's consider popular options for lighting floors.
Starry sky. A fashionable image today, created in apartments. It is done in several ways:
- The simplest and most economical is to print photos on stretched fabric. It looks nice and doesn't require backlighting.
- More complex project prepared before installation stretch fabrics. It involves installing two panels one above the other. An opaque fabric (or film) with perforations is mounted under the ceiling, behind which sources simulating stars are hidden. A translucent film is stretched below, and reflections depicting the night sky are visible on it.
- The third option is simpler. Behind the translucent canvas, LEDs of different sizes are placed in a chaotic manner. The ceiling looks beautiful.
Perimeter lighting. As already mentioned, this method visually raises the ceiling. Light rays from sources hidden by the baseboard do not reach the eyes and are less tiring, creating a comfortable atmosphere. This diffused illumination allows you to watch TV or work with a computer. There are two ways to set up such a system:
- For suspended ceilings, you will have to make a plasterboard box around the perimeter to hide the sources behind it. The tension panel is fixed to the frame of the plasterboard box.
- Another option is to use a plastic ceiling plinth. It is glued to the walls, a few centimeters away from the ceiling, and an LED strip is placed behind it.
Central lighting (chandelier). Some people are so used to the old traditional chandelier that they cannot imagine living without it. Stretch ceilings make it easy to mount a pendant lamp. To do this, do the following:
- Attach a ring to the panel, which will strengthen the structure, under the hanging point of the chandelier.
- Cut the fabric inside around the circumference of the ring.
- Lead the wire into the hole and connect it to the lamp.
- Hang the chandelier on a hook in the ceiling.
- Place the wire behind the fabric and decorate the cutout with an overlay.
Today there is a large selection of central pendant fixtures on the market, and you can choose a chandelier to suit any interior.
Conclusion
Which home lighting scheme you prefer and which option you choose is a matter of taste. But it’s still worth considering the recommendations given above and making the lighting functional and versatile. We hope you find the tips and information in this article useful.
IN last years The lighting of apartments and private houses has undergone significant changes - it has become more complex in design, but more convenient and functional. Modern room lighting rarely consists of only one chandelier hanging in the center. It may be there, but there are also a number of additional light sources, most of them located on the ceiling. This is what we will discuss next about which arrangement of lamps on the ceiling to choose.
To choose the location of lamps on the ceiling, let's get acquainted with the types of lighting that are used in houses and apartments. There are lamps of different designs on the ceiling:
In addition, there are also wall-mounted desk lamp, as well as floor lamps. Mixing and matching different types lamps, lighting fixtures and create modern indoor lighting.
What lamps can be used in built-in lamps
Built-in lamps on the ceiling are available with different bases. Available for any base different lamps. When choosing them, you need to focus on the required illumination and the type of ceiling into which the lamps are built.
Stretch flows have limitations: the fabrics and films used for them do not withstand heat well. Therefore, halogen and fluorescent lamps(with a base) whose power does not exceed 20 W. You can also screw in incandescent lamps - no more than 40 W. More powerful ones can be installed on fabric stretch ceilings: 35 W and 60 W, respectively.
Using this table you can compare the efficiency of using different types of lamps. But do not forget that the data here is given for “ideal operating conditions.” In fact, everything is not so rosy, although not bad
There are also, but there are no restrictions on them, since they heat up much less. Therefore, the choice here is only based on form ( standard view flask, corn, unusual shapes), color temperature and brightness.
Light sources for illumination
When choosing the location of lamps on the ceiling, you need to take into account all light sources. And the backlight too. At least she plays, mostly. decorative role, but it also makes its contribution to the illumination.
For illumination, linear lamps are often used. They come in luminescent and neon colors. LED linear lamps are also used. Best option in in this case- LEDs in any design. They have several advantages. The first is that they are more economical (they consume 3-4 times less electricity than “housekeepers”), the second is that they are more durable (albeit, subject to temperature regime), the third - they heat up much less than the others. They also have disadvantages: they require a reduced voltage (24 V or 12 V) for power supply, and therefore require converters. They also cost money, they need to be placed somewhere, and so that they are accessible for routine maintenance and repair. And one more minus - high price. But if you consider that their working life amounts to thousands of hours, then it turns out inexpensive.
If for some reason LEDs do not suit you, you will have to choose between fluorescent and neon lamps. Usually they choose fluorescent ones, since installation and connection are simple and can be done with your own hands without the involvement of a specialist. Disadvantages: flickering light and “cold” glow.
Neon lamps look good when illuminated, but installing them is a hassle and not so easy to figure out. That’s why they either invite specialists or choose some other light sources.
Minimum distances
When placing lamps on the ceiling, it is necessary to take into account not only the power of the lamps, but also their distance to the walls. They also heat up, and therefore, if there is a row of lamps along the wall, then at least 20 cm. Otherwise, there is a danger of the walls heating up too much.
It is also important to remember that the minimum distance between built-in ceiling lamps is 30 cm. This key moment, which must be taken into account when developing a layout of lamps on the ceiling.
How to calculate the number of lamps
Before choosing the location of the lamps on the ceiling, you need to correctly calculate their number. Usually, calculations are based on standards. For different rooms they are different - in utility rooms(storage room, dressing room, etc.) less bright light is required, in living rooms- brighter. The current lighting standards are in the table; they are indicated in Lux.
The procedure for calculating the number of lamps on the ceiling is as follows:
- Multiply the area of the room by the illumination standard. We get the total power of the required lighting.
- Then you need to decide on the power of the light sources and their type, find out what luminous flux they produce. To help, see the table below.
- We divide the total power by the power of the lamps to obtain their number. Then it’s just a matter of choosing the scheme for their location on the ceiling.
To make it clearer, we present example of calculating the number of lamps on the ceiling. We are developing a lighting scheme for a living room with an area of 16 square meters. We will use 2 W LED lamps. This is 200 Lk. Here's the calculation itself:
- We calculate the required luminous flux according to the norm: multiply 16 squares by 150 Lux. 16 *150 = 2400 Lx. That is, the total luminous flux from all light sources should be no less (more is possible).
- Now we determine the quantity: divide the resulting figure by the luminous flux of the lamps. 2400 Lux: 200 Lux = 12 pcs. That is, 12 LED lamps of this power are enough for this entire room.
At this rate, the lighting is quite bright, but sometimes you want muted, soft light. This must be taken into account when choosing the location of lamps on the ceiling: it is advisable to make it so that you can vary the lighting. To do this, lamps are divided into several groups. If there are two, then they are connected to one line through one and connected to a two-key switch. In this case, you can turn on the lamps through one and there will be a dim light, or all of them - then everything will be flooded with light. If desired, you can divide the lamps into larger number groups, bring them separately to switches and turn them on as desired or as needed.
General rules and trends
The location of the lamps on the ceiling is, first of all, chosen based on the shape of the room and the presence/absence of other light sources and some other factors.
With chandelier
If there is a chandelier in the room, it is usually located in the center. The further composition is built relative to this point. It can be symmetrical or asymmetrical, but the chandelier is always its starting point.
The first two schemes are suitable for small spaces. The first and fourth “evens out” the illumination, since with the only light source centrally located, it is a bit dark in the corners. The only difference is the size of the room: No. 1 for small ones, No. 4 for larger ones.
Scheme No. 5 will help correct the visual perception of long and narrow kitchen. If you place the backlight along the short side, it will visually become a little wider.
The second scheme is more often used in kitchens - with a linear arrangement kitchen set— along one wall. This is where additional light sources are placed along the headset. Scheme No. 9 can also be used in the kitchen and also above the set, but only if it is a corner one. Also, with the help of such placement of lamps, you can highlight a relaxation area in the living room. Or, if the kitchen unit has its own lighting, this way you can “illuminate” the dining area.
Schemes 5, 6, 10 use arcs, circles and ovals. This is also a fairly common type of arrangement of lamps on the ceiling. It fits well into bedrooms, living rooms, and children's rooms, if they have a decorative style with a touch of romance.
Without chandelier
If the lighting is based only on built-in lighting fixtures, there are no less options. Perhaps even more. In this case, light sources are almost always divided into groups - for different degrees of illumination. In the diagrams they are indicated by lamps different colors(in the diagrams above, by the way, there are also a couple of diagrams divided into two groups).
As you can see, lighting can be turned on using separate switches different zones. Also a very interesting option.
It is worth considering the presence of different zones in the room. Often the zoning of a room is emphasized by lighting. For example, in an office the level of illumination is high. But this does not mean that the arrangement of lamps on the ceiling should be uniform. The office usually has a seating area with an armchair, maybe a sofa. In this area, the light may be more subdued and soft, therefore, there may be fewer lamps here. Above the table, on the contrary, it makes sense to concentrate them in greater numbers.
Ceiling spots in the interior: photos in different rooms
If you have not seen the arrangement of the lamps on the ceiling, it is quite difficult to imagine the result from the diagram. Even the simplest diagrams - in the corners, in a semicircle near one of the walls, along opposite or adjacent walls - are quite problematic to imagine. Moreover, the appearance varies significantly depending on the shape, size of the lamp, and the type of lamp selected for it. After all, they are with different angles scattering - from narrowly focused (approximately 30-40°) to luminous different sides(120-180°). That’s why in this section we have collected photos of schemes, and grouped them by type of room, because the appearance also changes depending on the design.
Living room
A chandelier is most often used in the living room, and most often it is quite large. If the room is square or close to square, it makes sense to choose symmetrical schemes. They emphasize the correct geometry.
This is only true for those cases where there is no need to emphasize zoning. In this case, asymmetry is more suitable and you can use spots that differ in appearance.
Most often used in living rooms a large number of light sources, which are divided into several groups. This makes it possible to vary the lighting intensity over a wide range.
It doesn’t matter whether with or without a chandelier, but the diagrams contain more than a dozen spots, and more often - several dozen. So in this case, to save energy, it makes sense to install LED lamps. Yes, they are much more expensive, but in terms of efficiency they have no equal. At least for now.
Bedroom
The location of the lamps on the ceiling should be selected taking into account the fact that the atmosphere should be cozy and relaxing. Therefore, when choosing lamps, you need to choose them with warm temperature glows, that is, those that give a slightly yellowish light. You should not place lamps with a blue or bright white tint in the bedroom - it will be difficult to relax.
Bedroom lighting schemes are usually not very complex. A circuit of small lamps around the perimeter of the room, maybe a slightly larger number above the bed. That's all the delights. The simpler the better. The task is to create a cozy atmosphere and everything is subordinate to it.
If there are other areas in the bedroom - dressing table or even workplace, you can “get” the illumination with the help of wall lamps. The second way out is to install in this area large quantity lighting fixtures, put them on a separate switch and turn them on as needed.
So when choosing a layout for built-in lamps in the bedroom, one of the main rules is brevity.
Kitchen
Most often, a kitchen, even a small one, is divided into two parts. In one they prepare food, in the other they eat it. When developing a lighting scheme, these zones are often emphasized. In this case, spots are usually placed along the kitchen unit, and a rectangle, oval, or arbitrary figure is built above the table.
If the kitchen is very small, you won’t be able to set up complex circuits. In such cases, spots are distributed around the perimeter or along two walls - opposite or adjacent. This needs to be looked at depending on the situation, but both options are good.
An oval or square also looks good. Just don’t install large lamps with complex shades in a small room. They, of course, look beautiful, but they are more suitable for the living room; in small quantities they are good in the bedroom. Even in the corridor and hallway they are appropriate. But not in the kitchen. Firstly, they are very difficult to wash, and secondly, in small room they don't look good. Laconic forms are more suitable here. But a circle or a square - the choice is yours.
You can use different types of lamps. For example, as in the photo - on long legs. By the way, this is one of the trends. Lampshades can be of any shape, but the most common are cylindrical or round.
Ceiling lighting miraculously transforms any room. Properly selected lamps and skillfully installed ceiling lighting in the apartment create comfort and help save the family budget. In the modern wealth of chandeliers, consumers cannot always navigate on their own. This article will help you choose the most suitable lamps for the ceiling.
Installation of lighting in an apartment begins with drawings and calculations, with determining the location of lighting points, lamps and switches. After the ceiling plan with lighting has been drawn up, you should begin installing the wires for the lamps.
The typical cable cross-section is 1.5 millimeters square, equal to maximum load at 4 kilowatts. Of course, it is unlikely that the lighting in the house will reach this parameter, because in such a situation it is necessary to use 40 100 W bulbs at the same time. However, you should never give up; it’s possible that jupiters will be installed for professional video filming at home.
When you don’t want to pay extra for the wire cash, you can calculate what cross-section of cable will be needed in each case. If the lighting area consists of three lamps with 60 W bulbs, then total power lamps will reach 180 W. It needs to be divided by 220. Now let’s look at what the result can tell us.
If the number is less than 10, then a cable with a cross-section of 0.75 millimeters square can be installed to the lamps from the box. If less than 15, the cross-section should have a size of 1 millimeter square, and more than 17 – up to 2.5 millimeters square. In our case, it turned out to be 0.8 - which means less than one. Use single-core or multi-core cable- a personal matter for each person.
Standard block diagram
It is better to place separate boxes for ceiling lights to reduce confusion and look neater. Wires enter the apartment under the floor, and in the house they appear next to the door. The cable runs from it to the shield. Near the shield there will be the first box, the task of which is to transmit current to other boxes and distribute the unit for lighting the hallway and kitchen.
Structural scheme lighting: input and distribution of wires usually runs under the ceiling
The second box is located above the entrance to large room in the corridor, from which the chandelier works in the hall and transmits the voltage to the bathrooms. The third box is needed for servicing the bathroom, pantry and small corridor, as well as to broadcast the voltage to the remaining rooms. There is a fourth box in the nursery that serves the switch and supplies power to the bedroom. The box in the bedroom is only needed to service the switch and chandelier. The remaining toilet and bathroom are powered by the sixth box.
Rules for installing switches
Switches of any type are always placed on the phase wire. There is only one cable suitable for the switch, which opens and closes inside the switch. From the outside it may seem like there are two wires. However, the phase conductor forms a loop that rises or falls towards the switch. The loop is cut at the top and the ends are connected to the dimmer or switch contacts.
If you install a dimmer as a switch, you should take a closer look at its power. If the device is marked 300 W, then it is designed for a chandelier, which consists of five light bulbs, each 60 W. There are 1000 watt dimmers available for home use. With the help of such a dimmer, the lighting level can be changed in several rooms at once. The dimmer is installed in the same way as a simple switch, only on the contacts of the dimmer there is an inscription indicating which wire to connect to which contact.
Selection of lighting devices
Each lamp consists of a light bulb electrical in nature and fittings, which are necessary for enclosing the light bulb, connecting it and lighting it. How to make lighting for suspended ceilings - a photo selection of lamps will help you figure it out!
Lamps, the fittings of which are fixed directly to the ceiling itself, are called ceiling lamps. Such devices are used to create overall design lighting the ceilings in the room. Ceiling light sources are suspended, surface-mounted and built-in.
A multi-lamp ceiling chandelier is traditionally located in the center of the room, evenly distributing the flow of light throughout the room
Pendant lamps are placed at a certain distance from the ceiling. They are best suited for tall rooms. These include pendants, multi-lamp chandeliers, lampshades and other devices.
Surface light sources are directly attached to the ceiling. They include various kinds ceiling lamps that are compact in size. They are especially good for small spaces like a hallway or bathroom.
A near-surface ceiling lamp is most often installed in small spaces that do not require bright lighting
Lighting of suspended ceilings and suspended ceilings is traditionally done using built-in lamps. They can be installed anywhere in the room to create the most effective lighting in your home.
The popularity of spots is also growing - metal structures with halogen lamps that can be rotated to the sides. The spot is easy to attach and can be directed luminous flux By at will.
A spot with halogen lamps attracts with its stylish design and the ability to easily change the direction of the light flow
Spotlights that can be installed in cornices, suspended ceilings and inside furniture are becoming popular. For the most part, spot lighting of ceilings is used to focus attention on local surface lighting. Nowadays, to single out one type of lamp that would be considered more popular than the others, because they all have their own advantages that make them attractive to citizens.
Installation of lamps: technology
After the installation of the suspended ceiling lighting is done, and the switches and dimmers are installed, you can attach the lamps to the surface. To attach spotlights, you need to cut through the drywall round hole using a crown with a variable blade diameter, after which the light bulb is simply inserted inside. In this case, the spring legs must be held with your fingers, pressing them against the body.
Installation of a spotlight in the ceiling is carried out after laying the entire range of electrics
When the light bulb goes deep enough into the canvas, the paws will press the light into place. First you need to connect the cable to the contacts. The most commonly used spotlights in everyday life are those marked R80, R63, R50 and R39. The numbers indicate the size of the bulbs corresponding to the hole diameter in millimeters.
You can change your home beyond recognition by shifting the accents in space. An effective solution lighting a plasterboard ceiling using LED backlight, which is distinguished by a “dimming” effect to set the brightness depending on the mood of the residents and the time of day. If the LED strip needs to be cut, then it is worth remembering that the cut is made in specially designated areas. If done incorrectly, it will be quite difficult to solder the tape back. To achieve uniform ceiling lighting, you need to secure the LED strip to the ceiling well.
Installation LED strip can be easily performed by a completely inexperienced performer
An ordinary chandelier is attached in two ways: hung on a hook or screwed with screws or dowel-nails. There are holes on the plate that is located inside the decorative bowl that covers the joint. If the chandelier is placed on a hook, then you should use special dowels that have a hook instead of a regular screw. When you need to install a massive chandelier, you use a metal anchor, which has a diameter of approximately 8–10 millimeters and can withstand a load of up to 80 kilograms.
Lighting rules
Apartment lighting can be local, general or combined. By combining different types of lamps, you can create areas with soft or intense uniform lighting. To verify this, enter “stretch ceilings lighting” into a search engine and analyze the proposed options.
Most often, room lighting is a combination of several options.
In children's rooms and bedrooms, it is recommended to install lamps with a stream of light directed upward to create soft lighting throughout the room. With general lighting, you need to evenly illuminate the entire room using the most powerful and energy-intensive lamps suspended in the center of the ceiling. In general lighting lamps you can use one lamp with high power- up to 200 W or several, which have a total power of up to 300 W. As a rule, multi-lamp luminaires have two categories of lamps that can be switched on autonomously.
Ceiling lighting in the kitchen requires the creation of several groups, depending on how the ceiling design is executed. Usually this is the area above the table, above work surface and lighting in the central part of the kitchen. Lighting devices are also usually built into cabinet furniture.
Multifunctional lighting in the kitchen provides light and separates the work area from the dining area
An entrance hall or corridor usually has a small area, so the lighting here should not hurt the eyes and be overly bright, but you should not create twilight either. Best to use LED lightening ceiling and wall-mounted lamps. If a decision is made to use a single lamp, it must emit light well.
In the living room they create local and general lighting to make changes to the interior using light mode. For the reception area, general lighting is used using chandeliers, lampshades and pendant lamps. Since the living room is known as a multifunctional room, it functional areas require local light using spots.
Thus, not so long ago it was believed that ceiling lighting could only be provided with the help of a chandelier and wall lamp. However, thanks to new technologies, other solutions have emerged. In the future, it will be possible that diffused light will almost completely replace sconces and ceiling lamps.