Water-dispersed (water-based) paints are paints with a base and pigments dispersed in an aqueous medium. They form an emulsion. Dispersed in an aqueous environment - this is not diluted, but “included”. Water does not dilute, but dilutes the components that are in it. So, and which ones does it have? technical specifications?
Contents of the article on the technical characteristics of water-based paint
| Indicator | VD-VA-224 | VD-AK-111 | VD-AK-111r | VD-KCH-183 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction of non-volatile substances, % | 53 - 59 | 52 - 57 | 47 - 52 | 52 - 57 |
| paint pH | 6,8 - 8,2 | 8,0 - 9,0 | 7,5 - 9,5 | from 8.0 |
| Covering power of the dried film, g/m2 | 120 | 100 | 80 | 120 |
| Resistance to static effects of water, at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C, h | 12 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Frost resistance of paint, number of cycles | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Conditional light fastness, % | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Grinding degree, µm | 30 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Drying time (20 ± 2) °С, h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Main technical characteristics of water-based paint VEAK 1180
One of the most popular materials for painting interior and external walls is . Paint characteristics:
1. View – acrylic paint.
2. Color – white.
4. Consumption – 150 g. per m2.
5. Composition for dilution – water.
6. Drying time – 1 hour.
Water-based paint VEAC is developed according to GOST standards, and therefore corresponds to the indicators discussed above.
Composition of water-based paint
The composition of the paint may vary depending on the required characteristics. Smallest particles polymers are part of water-based paint. They are suspended in the aquatic environment. This is the basis of water-based paint. Manufacturers add a wide variety of substances to it. These additives determine each brand of paint. The composition of water-based paint includes thickeners, antiseptics, plasticizers and dispersants, defoamers, antifreeze and other additives.
The purpose of water-based paint depends on the ratio of these components. Polyvinyl acetate, acrylate or versatate, styrene butadiene or styrene acrylate are included in the paint as a film former. For a rich white A white pigment (zinc oxide or titanium dioxide) is deliberately introduced into the composition of water-based paint. Chalk is used for inexpensive paints, and it also acts as a filler. Other fillers are also used for this purpose, such as calcite, barite, mica and talc, but most often the filler is produced as a complex filler, adding several minerals at once.
A special thickener is also added to the paint to give it the desired consistency. For the same purpose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC glue) is often added to the water-based emulsion. Demineralized water plays the role of solvent. The proportions of some components depend on the brand of paint. Still big picture as follows: film former – 40-60% (aqueous dispersion 45-70%), pigments and fillers – 30-40%, plasticizers – 5-10%, other additives – 5-10%. These are the percentages of the composition of water-based paint.
Properties of water-based paint:
- Water-based paints have good permeability to water vapor and moisture, so they are used for interior and exterior, plastered and unplastered surfaces.
- Water-based paints do not peel off. They are environmentally friendly and non-hazardous to humans.
- The best among water-based paints are acrylic. They are made on the basis of acrylic resins, they have high strength and elasticity. But they are expensive. Therefore, at the time of purchase, you can choose more economical paints - based on acrylic resins: either styrene acrylic or vinyl acrylic. These paints have slightly more modest physical and chemical characteristics, but the price is much lower.
- Water-based paint often contains latex. This composition gives the painted surface a strong water-repellent effect. Water-based latex paints can withstand 5,000 wash cycles, while latex-free paints can only be wiped down occasionally with a soft sponge. It is very important that in this case the water-repellent effect does not interfere with vapor permeability.
Video: Painting walls with water-based paint.
IN modern world environmental safety is highly valued building materials, their durability, ease of use and a minimum of time spent to implement all design ideas. Therefore, along with high quality oil paints Water-based compositions have also become widespread. Since the types of this finishing material also differ in the method of use for various rooms and surfaces, then before using them for repairs, you need to find out what type of coating is right for you.
Peculiarities
The water-based composition includes various polymers or mineral particles, additives, and tinting pigments. When painting any wall or ceiling surface, the water component dries out, leaving a polymer film or film of mineral particles on the surface.
Emulsion paint does not have a strong chemical odor when drying. This magical property allows this emulsion to be used for work in enclosed spaces and for people who are allergic to this type building materials.
Pros and cons
TO positive aspects Uses of this coloring material include:
- It is very easy to apply on any pre-plastered surface - concrete, wood, gypsum concrete. Brushes and rollers can be easily washed with water after use.
- This paint is easy to thin because the main solvent is water. Thanks to this dilution, it becomes safe and non-toxic, so it is recommended for interior work even in rooms with closed windows.
- It differs from all other types of paint in that it dries faster than all other types.
- After painting there is no residue left in the room unpleasant odor for many weeks, as after using other types finishing materials.
- Water-based paints are distinguished by the fact that they are not subject to peeling if all rules of storage, application and preparation of the surface for painting are observed.
- An important feature is environmental safety for humans. This coating is non-toxic, not harmful to humans, no harsh chemical smell.
- Dirt from surfaces painted with certain types of water emulsion can be easily washed off with water and any detergent.
- Also important features are non-flammable and increased resistance to various alkalis.
- Certain types of water emulsion are recommended for rooms with high humidity- for a bath or kitchen, but not only because they have increased water-repellent ability, but also because they are breathable, as they easily pass air and steam through their layers.
- This type of paint has antibacterial characteristics.
- The service life depends on the specific type of paint. Currently, you can choose one that will not lose its presentation for 20 years.
- Some types of water-based emulsion have such a density when painted that they can easily mask cracks up to 2 mm.
- Water emulsion is suitable for any interior solution, as it can be easily tinted even independently, and the variety of colors and the possibility of using them in different percentages with paint gives such a range of colors and shades that allows you to realize all your dreams and fantasies in renovation professional designers and lovers.
- Low price and excellent quality allow VE paints to compete with many types of wall and ceiling finishing for any type of repair work.
This type of paint also has disadvantages:
- The use of water emulsion is impossible at sub-zero temperatures, so the minimum temperature limit is up to +5 degrees Celsius. Already at 0 degrees it freezes and loses all its properties.
- Some types of paints have a short service life, but these types of emulsions are becoming rare and are being forced out of the market by more durable paints.
- Not always suitable for metal or glossy surfaces due to the large amount of water in their composition.
Specifications
By familiarizing yourself with the technical characteristics of a particular type of HE paint, you can choose the right type specifically for this surface.
When choosing, pay attention to the following factors:
- Compound. Depending on the contents aqueous solution fillers, thickeners, antiseptics this paint may or may not be suitable for internal or external works, for wet or dry rooms.
- Application. What materials is this finishing material suitable for coating? Is it possible to paint wood, concrete, metal, enamels?
- Viscosity. How much and with what you can dilute VE paint.
- Consumption. Depends on the base material and its absorption characteristics. Typically, the consumption of color emulsion is 200-400 ml per m2.
- Specific gravity. You can determine the quality of the paint by the weight of the can. A good water emulsion has a density of about 1.5 kg per 1 liter. From this we can conclude that high-quality paint in a ten-liter jar will weigh about 15 kg.
- Temperature during painting and drying. What is optimal temperature when using this type of emulsion.
- Humidity permissible during painting and operation.
- Storage conditions. Maximum permissible high and low temperatures at which the paint does not lose its properties. It should be stored in a place where direct rays of the sun do not reach, where it is cool and dark.
- Expiration date of paint in a can.
- Service life of this type of paint on painted surfaces.
To choose the paint that is right for your case, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with existing species and with their technical characteristics.
Species
Water-based paints come in several types.
Polyvinyl acetate
These paints are the cheapest. One of the positive properties is that they are resistant to sunlight and the effects of fats. Also, these types of coatings can be painted even indoors; they are non-toxic and safe due to their components. They contain polyvinyl acetate, or, more simply, PVA glue.
But they are afraid of water, so surfaces painted with this type of paint cannot be washed. They are only suitable for rooms that are dry and infrequently used.
After some time, this paint may turn yellow old glue. Currently, this type is almost never used for repairs.
Mineral
Also relatively inexpensive paints. They contain calcium hydroxide, slaked lime or cement. This type can be used to paint any surface, but it is best suited for concrete or brick surfaces. These water emulsions are characterized by high vapor permeability and do not suffer from significant temperature changes.
The main negative characteristics are that they quickly lose their original color, as they fade and are damaged by contact - they wear off, they have a short service life, so they are used less and less in interior work, more for facade decoration.
Silicate
They contain sodium silicate - liquid glass. These are relatively inexpensive paints. They are durable, strong, but are only suitable for concrete and plastered walls. They tolerate temperature changes, are vapor- and air-permeable. But they are afraid of water and precipitation, since they are not moisture-resistant, which means they are useful only for painting inside the house and only for dry rooms.
This type of painting is not suitable for rooms with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms. And this material does not adhere well to metal, stone, glass and ceramics.
Acrylic
And although they are more expensive in price than mineral HE paints, there is a difference in price between different types of paint and different manufacturers allows you to select the desired finish for any wallet.
The main advantages of this type are water resistance, strength and resistance to mechanical abrasion, immunity to ultraviolet radiation, and dirt-repellent characteristics. They are elastic, that is, they are applied easily and without smudges and have high density when painting, so they can repair cracks up to 1 mm. They have the lowest consumption of color emulsion when painting even in one layer. Suitable for any type of premises, as they are mainly washable.
Latex
These are acrylic paints latex based or based on acrylates. Here the acrylic emulsion contains latex. And because of this, they are relatively expensive. Latex gives acrylic paint increased water resistance. Surfaces painted with this type can be washed even with detergents. They can withstand 5 thousand washing cycles without losing color, brightness and water resistance.
This paint can be used on wood, concrete, brick, metal, plaster, drywall and structured wallpaper. Its composition is more elastic and covers any surface well. A double layer allows you to seal cracks up to 1 mm. The paint dries quickly and has no odor, which means it is environmentally friendly and harmless to health. This type of coating can be used in swimming pools and bathrooms.
The only negative is that it is not vapor-permeable and condensation may form on it. This species is also afraid low temperatures– in cool rooms, the surface painted with latex paint may crack. It has poor resistance to exposure to the sun, fungi and bacteria.
Silicone
The composition of these coatings includes silicone organosilicon resins. They are suitable for ceilings. Available special types silicone paints for ceilings, which have increased adhesion to the surface, which means they roll out easier on the ceiling and do not flow.
Due to the increased density, this type can mask cracks up to 2 mm. This type is considered antiseptic, as it has vapor and gas permeability, which prevents the formation of fungus and mold. Therefore, they are suitable for painting areas with high humidity, especially bathrooms and kitchens. The painted surface is easy to clean.
Silicone paint can be used to cover a previously painted surface with such types of paints as mineral, acrylic and silicone, except oil-based. Even a black interior surface can be easily covered with two layers of paint, since the silicone water-based emulsion has increased coverage.
The only surface that may not look very aesthetically pleasing over time is reinforced concrete. Rust stains may appear on the paint as the reinforcement begins to rust, so it is recommended to protect or use this surface before painting new look paints with anti-corrosion additives.
Which one is better?
To choose a paint for painting, you need to know its characteristics and take into account both price and technical features. You need to know what surface is at the base for painting, whether you will pre-prime it, what are the technical characteristics of this surface, whether it is located outdoors or indoors, in what room, how much time you need to paint and for this surface to completely dry.
Depending on all these parameters, you need to choose the right paint. You may not need the most expensive silicone water emulsion.
For painting external surfaces, mineral and acrylic dyes. But surfaces painted with a mineral coating quickly lose their original color, although this coating is much cheaper in price than acrylic.
To paint indoors, you need to consider whether you need to paint the walls or the ceiling. or some kind of wood, metal, glass surfaces. The microclimate in a given room is also important. All types of water-based emulsions are suitable for dry rooms, but you need to keep in mind that polyvinyl acetate, although the cheapest, can turn yellow over time, mineral ones are easily erased upon contact, and acrylic, latex and silicone are quite different at a high price. Silicate water emulsion It is best to paint concrete or plastered surfaces. But it is not very suitable for wallpaper for painting; here it is better to use latex.
For wet rooms, acrylic, latex and silicone paints are best. The only disadvantages of latex are that it is afraid of low temperatures and is not vapor-permeable, does not protect against condensation, as well as mold and mildew. All of these types are highly expensive.
All types of paint are also suitable for ceilings. You just need to take into account that for rooms with high humidity it is better to use mineral, acrylic, latex or silicone. At the same time, acrylic and silicone do not flow when painted and are more durable, although more expensive.
There are special silicone dyes for painting ceilings. Their composition is characterized by increased coverage and drying speed, which means it allows you to paint the ceiling more accurately and easily.
Application technology
Before applying water-based paint, you need to consider the following points:
- How the surface was treated. If it has been primed, especially if the solution has been thoroughly rubbed over the surface of the base, then one applied layer of paint will be sufficient. It should be taken into account that with each subsequent layer the color of the painted surface becomes more intense.
- When dry, the color of the paint is slightly different from the color in the can.
- The second and subsequent layers can be applied only after the previous one has dried. Typically drying time is about 8 hours.
- Paint on water based should dry in natural environment, without drafts.
For painting, you can use any tool - a brush, a sponge, or a long-haired roller. Short pile rollers are not used because they do not grip required quantity paint, and from foam rollers the water-based emulsion may bubble on the surface, as the foam absorbs excess paint. Even after painting, the surface may look uneven and rough to the touch.
Mineral paints can be applied with a spray gun, spraying paint over the surface. This method is also suitable for painting ceilings, wallpaper, radiators and any hard-to-reach surfaces and objects.
Choice painting tool also depends on the expected effect. Even when working with a roller, the layer of paint that can be applied to the surface, that is, the intensity of the color, depends on the length of its pile. And also when working with a roller, you may need to use paint brush– this will help when painting in corners and hard-to-reach places.
A sponge is used when you need to paint some objects or textured surfaces or to add texture using a thicker paint composition.
Usually start by painting the perimeter with a brush and then use a roller. It is recommended to start painting any object from top to bottom; this creates a surface without drips or drips.
Before painting, it is advisable to protect untreated surfaces and glue to the baseboards, trim and window sill along the paint border masking tape. If the floors are already prepared for painting with varnish, then you should also stick tape on them so as not to complicate your subsequent work, because the water emulsion that has not been completely wiped off may be visible through the varnish in places where the walls come into contact with the floor, and it will take a lot of time to prepare an ideal surface for painting with varnish. precious time. You can also apply tape where one color transitions to another.
Please note that the tape, even if it is masking, must be removed immediately after painting this area. If the paint dries, it will become impossible to remove it without damaging the painted surface.
If you are painting ceilings, you must first clean them of the old coating, then level the surface with putty and prime it. A primer is necessary, as it reduces the penetration of paint into the base and increases the degree of hiding power. It is better to choose a primer from the same manufacturer as the paint, or one recommended by the paint manufacturer.
IN finishing works paints different types are used frequently. And water-based, including. In terms of popularity, it comes out almost in first place. Lay down evenly, perfectly covering the entire surface. By purchasing white water-based paint + colored fillers, you do not limit yourself to any limits. Together with desire and imagination, you can create a masterpiece on a suitable surface.
Paint composition
The basis is two ingredients: water and water-insoluble polymers. The composition is supplemented by plasticizers, pigments and other necessary additives. Since water does not dissolve these polymers, they are present there in suspension. Therefore, this paint is an emulsion.
Paint properties
These paints are divided into interior and facade; the determining criterion is their properties. After applying the paint, the water in it evaporates from the surface, and the remaining polymer creates the strongest film. The coating is durable and, surprisingly, is not afraid of water. Important property paints are environmentally friendly: there are no fumes containing substances hazardous to humans, there is no smell, and they do not contain solvents.
The paint adheres well to almost all types of painted surfaces, except metal ones. It contains water, and this is detrimental to metal in terms of corrosion.
Types of paint
There are several different polymers used in the composition:
- Polymer Acrylic (acrylic resins) after application and drying turns out plastic film, protects the surface from environmental influences. Acrylic paint does not fade, does not crack, and is durable. Because of these properties, the paint is expensive.
- The Latex polymer gives the paint properties that are radically different from the properties of acrylic. Latex paint becomes water-repellent unusual properties, while steam passes through it. The surface painted with this paint does not need to be protected from water. The price is accordingly even higher.
- Polymer Silicate or liquid glass. Silicate paints They do not retain air, allow steam to pass through, but do not protect walls well from moisture. They are used in structures with unstable groundwater underneath.
- Polymer Silicone (Silicone resins). Paint with such a polymer combines the characteristics of two paints: acrylic and silicate combined. Its use is necessary in places such as laboratories and hospitals. It preserves the surface not only from external influences, but will also not allow mold and fungi to grow on the walls. Accordingly the price silicone paint even higher than the rest.
The appearance of the paint can be matte or glossy. The smallest errors are visible under glossy paint, so the surface must be prepared carefully, while matte paint, on the contrary, hides them.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Aesthetic appearance, no cracking, peeling, abrasion, fading: water-based paint has all these advantages. Surfaces with such a coating can breathe, since the paint is vapor and breathable. Create a favorable indoor climate. The absence of solvents increases explosion and fire safety during the production of these paints. Another advantage is the economical consumption of water-based paint.
When purchasing paint, you should not pay attention to very cheap copies; poor quality paint will require application more layers. This will result in the price of the same quality paint.
If you choose the right paint, imperfections are practically eliminated. However, the disadvantage may be that you cannot paint metal with it. In other cases, the paint does a great job.
Now water-based paints are gaining popularity. This is due to their practicality and low cost. In addition, it is easily applied to a cleaned surface, so even a beginner can use it. The material does not have such an unpleasant odor as others, so it can be used for interior work quite safely. Its use will not cause any discomfort. From this article you can find out what types of water-based paint there are, and what are the characteristics of each.
Advantages and technical characteristics of water-based paints
The water emulsion contains components such as latex, antiseptic, fillers and thickeners. The material consumption is not too large and amounts to 250 grams per 1 square meter. Sometimes it may be necessary to apply several layers. Their quantity depends on how susceptible the surface is to absorption.
Viscosity varies depending on the method in which the product is applied to the surface. If water-based paint is applied to the surface with a brush, then its viscosity is 40-45, but if a spray gun is used for work, then this indicator varies between 20 and 25.
The coating dries within 20 hours, but sometimes this figure may be less. Store the jar of water-based emulsion away from sunlight in a cool place.
Water-based paint has become highly in demand due to the following qualities:
- No unpleasant chemical smell when painting;
- Quick and easy application;
- Low price;
- Long period of operation without cracking or peeling;
- The ability to create any color using tint.
But all these qualities are available only in the material that meets the requirements of GOST.
Main types of water-based paints
Since they contain a variety of polymers, all water-based paints can be divided into several types:
- Polyvinyl acetate;
- Silicate;
- Acrylic;
- Silicone.
Consumers, in view of such a huge variety, have a fair question about choice. Next, all these types will be considered from the point of view of application and the presence of disadvantages.
Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint
Water-based polyvinyl acetate paint is perfect for all interior work, be it painting walls or ceilings. The basis for it is PVA.
The main advantages of this type are:
- Absence of components harmful to human health, complete explosion and fire safety.
- Used for painting porous surfaces.
- Relatively low cost.
- Fast drying.
- When adding special substances it gives a glossy or matte effect.
- This type is the best water-based paint for wood.
Along with a lot of advantages, there are disadvantages that can be identified if used incorrectly:
- Weak resistance, so the possibility of painting it is considered only in dry rooms.
- Susceptibility to moisture, as a result, finishing with such paint is only possible inside the house.
Important! You cannot use PVA paint on metal surfaces.
Its consumption depends on the shade: light color will need 250 grams per 1 square meter. m, and dark 150 grams for the same area.
This type of finishing material is produced in accordance with GOST, but it is also possible to voluntarily certify the material, but only in accordance with the existing GOST. In any case, the manufacturer must have a certificate for water-based paint of this type.
Silicate water-based paint
This type is a solution liquid glass with all kinds of additives. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Silicate water emulsion is resistant to changes in temperature and humidity, and has a long service life without constant updating.
This type is mainly used for painting wet rooms inside the house, as well as the facades of buildings that are exposed to groundwater. The coating is breathable with high vapor and air permeability.
Acrylic water-based paint
This type of water emulsion occupies a leading position in construction market, since the acrylic resins included in its composition have a number of advantages. But acrylic paint is noticeably more expensive than all other types.
Features of water-based acrylic paint:
- Used for painting walls and ceilings and all related interior work.
- Indispensable for painting facades of concrete and brick buildings.
- Suitable for decorating plastered walls. But such work must be carried out a month after finishing the plaster work, so that the surface has time to harden.
- Protects reinforced concrete from corrosion due to low gas permeability.
- Not suitable for painting damp surfaces.
Now they also produce analogues of similar quality, but noticeably cheaper: styrene acrylic, vinyl acrylic and acrylic silicone solutions. A small visual announcement of the material can be viewed at the link:
Washable paint based on latex or silicone
This type is perfect for any damp room or where constant wet cleaning using sponges and brushes. This coating is resistant to regular brushing, which is possible thanks to the use of latex in the production.
Latex water-based paint is the most expensive among water-based paints due to its water-repellent properties, but at the same time good vapor permeability. In addition, such compositions are capable of bridging small cracks on the surface, which can eliminate preliminary leveling.
Silicone also has similar properties with latex, due to the presence of silicone. Such paints actively fight fungus, which often appears in damp rooms, and prevent its reappearance.
Separately, we can highlight another type of water-based paints, which is gradually becoming less and less popular - these are mineral ones. They include cement or slaked lime. The main purpose of such compositions is painting concrete and brick surfaces. The main disadvantage of this type of water-based paint is its relatively short service life.
Criteria for choosing water-based paints
Since the production of water-based paints does not require the use of complex mechanisms and rare substances, many manufacturers appear who, taking advantage of the ease of production, produce low-quality products. The main rule when choosing this product is a manufacturer who is already producing long time. Tex water-based paint is very popular; it has received a lot of positive feedback from repair masters and simply those who do finishing repairs on their own. Such products have a GOST certificate of conformity.
The jar must have a mark indicating that the material complies with GOST. This is an indicator that this finishing material is not a fake and its production was carried out under strict control.
The choice of material for a certain type of work is carried out according to the markings on the container. First, the can is abbreviated as water-dispersed (WD), after these letters there is a designation of the polymer that is in the composition, and the number after it just indicates the purpose of the product:
- External works;
- Interior work.
Among the variety of finishing materials on the construction market, you can get confused. But, if you choose water-based paint, then after reading this article, you can learn about its types and the scope of work for which one or another type is intended. Water-based paint is great solution both for external and internal work. You just need to choose the right type, carefully studying the composition and the information indicated on the packaging.
Water-based paints– This is the type of paint most commonly used for exterior and interior work. They fit perfectly on various types surfaces (except metal ones, since they contain large number water, which accelerates corrosion), are environmentally friendly (do not contain solvents, do not have a characteristic odor, and after drying do not emit harmful substances). durable, will not crack, peel or fade. One more thing advantage of water-based paints- their affordable price. Using tinting fillers from white water-based paint, you can get almost any paint required element. All this provides water-based paints with fairly high demand from consumers.
Water-based paints
(they are also called water-dispersed, latex paints or emulsion) are harmless paints wide range applications. Due to the peculiarities of their composition, they have excellent performance characteristics: does not peel off, does not crack, does not fade, is easy to apply and dries quickly. If you choose the right paint for a particular type of surface to be painted, it will last up to several decades.