It has always been difficult to honestly ensure your well-being, but losing what you have righteously acquired in a fire or theft is a shame, and you need to earn money again... Security and fire alarm(OPS) allows you to reduce the risk of property loss due to misfortune to a minimum, and the rates of insurance premiums for housing equipped with it are significantly lower. Nowadays, another favorable circumstance has appeared - installation fire alarm a person familiar with the basics of electrical engineering and household work can do it with his own hands, and the legalization of a correctly assembled system most often does not require compliance with complex formalities.
Really? OPS is a serious matter; the Ministry of Emergency Situations must respond to an alarm. And by law, the installation of a fire alarm must be carried out by a licensed organization, everyone knows this. Yes, but modern electronics have so simplified the construction of automatic security systems (AOS), while at the same time increasing their functionality and reliability, that, figuratively speaking, well-fed wolves vigilantly guard the grazing herd: professionals have a stable income, focusing exclusively on security functions, and citizens without straining your budget, ensure your safety.
To understand why do-it-yourself security and fire alarms have become quite real, and how to do them correctly, let’s take a brief look at the evolution of AOS, their design in general and components, and the principles of organizing security services for residential premises.
How AOS developed
Before chips and reed switches
Initially, AOCs were built in the form of a chain of opening temperature sensors: spring contacts were soldered with Wood or Rose alloys with a melting point of 70-86 degrees. The chain was forcibly closed by a manual call point with normally closed contacts. All this together formed a loop Ш. When heated, the solder melted, the contacts diverged, the circuit broke, the relay included in it, also with normally closed contacts, was released, its contacts closed and turned on an alarm. By pressing the detector button, it was possible to give an alarm manually.
Such systems at the very least worked as local ones, but for communication with the central control panel they required a long line (LAN), prone to faults and having its own leakage resistance, wire resistance, capacitance and inductance, which could cause both false operation and non-operation due to real danger .
Therefore, the consoles began to include beams - loops from the LS - into the diagonal of the electric bridge, and into its opposite diagonal - the balanced circuit of the BC (see figure). The beam was no longer characterized by the resistance of the loop R Ш, but impedance(impedance) of subscriber Z A. By adjusting the BC, we achieved equality of its impedance Z to the impedance of subscriber Z A. Under this condition, the potentials in the diagonal of bridge 1-2 turned out to be equal, and the voltage U 1-2 = 0. When the sensor was triggered, U 1-2 >0 occurred, which triggered the alarm.
The AOC bridge circuit made it possible to make an important improvement: They began to turn on a resistor of a strictly defined value R Ш in parallel to the detector. This made it possible to judge the nature of the operation by the value of U 1-2: if R Ш remained in the circuit, then someone pressed the detector button, then U 1-2 will be approximately half the maximum ; This is an "Attention" signal. If the sensor opens, we will see a clear open circuit and a maximum of U 1-2; this is “Anxiety”.
Such a system was not very reliable: the slightest malfunction would give a false alarm, a team would come out, and then the fitter, expressing his thoughts on this matter in any form, would go to find and fix it. False alarms reduced the degree of trust in the AOS and from the order to the installer the facility remained open. Moreover, splashes of solder sometimes got between the open contacts, and the sensor, “squeaking,” calmed down again. There were cases when criminals shot at the sensors with an air gun through the window, and when they saw that the squad had left, they knew that they had at least an hour to “do the job.”
The BC also caused a lot of trouble: the drug parameters fluctuated greatly. A worker with an electrical engineering education working on a control panel was greeted by the police and firefighters with open arms, but often soon had to sign a statement “on his own”: the salary was small (it wouldn’t go under knife or bullets), and the hassle was no less than that of opera operators.
In large facilities consisting of many subscribers (department store, post office), the beams from the premises were combined into a local console - a control panel (PKP), which automatically gave an alarm over the telephone line when one of the beams was triggered. This made it possible to reduce the dependence of the BC on the state of the drugs, which were already under the control of the signalmen, but reduced reliability: having competently delved into the control panel, it was possible to disconnect the entire object from the remote control and operate there for your own pleasure.
At the same time, attempts were made to use parallel connection sensors with thermobimetallic normally open contacts, shunted R Ш. In theory, this would allow the value of U 1-2 to judge from a remote control the location of the trigger, which a sequential system does not allow. However, the open bimetal turned out to be extremely unreliable: the sensor with oxidized contacts did not announce itself in any way in advance, and then remained silent, like a fish on ice, when the fire was already blazing with all its might.
Reed switches
Sealed magnetically controlled contacts - reed switches - made the first revolution in AOS and OPS. Reed switches can withstand billions of operations without oxidizing the contact surfaces, and the problem of temperature operation was easily solved by using holding magnets made of materials with a Curie point of 70 degrees: when heated, the magnet stopped magnetizing and the contacts opened.
The principle of the reed switch allows it to be switched, which gives a reliable sensor suitable for both serial and parallel fire alarm systems. True, the accuracy of determining the trigger location using analogue methods remained low, so parallel analogue fire alarm systems did not become widespread. Nevertheless, it was thanks to reed switches that a fire alarm in the apartment appeared: the reliability and low cost of the sensors ensured the cost of the system, affordable even for the average Soviet consumer.
The first smoke detectors also belong to the “reed switch era,” but they were by no means household ones: smoke detection was ensured by ionization of the gap between the fixed contacts, for which it was illuminated by an ampoule with a radioactive isotope. Alarm installers were afraid of such sensors, in a thick steel case and marked with a radiation hazard sign, like fire, and they were rarely used at particularly important facilities.
At the same time, PKPs also began to transform: the use of microcircuits with a medium degree of integration and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) made it possible to simplify the BC or completely abandon them and measure the beam parameters directly. The first wireless control panels with autonomous power supply also appeared, regardless of telephone lines giving an alarm to the control panel using the Altai system - the prototype of the modern mobile communications, invented in the USSR back in the 50s.
Chips and lasers
A real revolution in OPS was made and made publicly available by large integrated circuits (LSIs, chips) and miniature semiconductor lasers. This affected all links of the OPS, and in new system The best of previous achievements fit in organically (see the picture earlier in the text below).
Sensors using laser detectors monitor temperature and smoke in several parameters at once, which eliminates false alarms (see figure on the left). Some sensors combine the functions of motion detectors; they will be discussed below. “Smart” sensors can also be autonomous, equipped with a built-in battery.
The control panel of our days is a computerized device that can work both with “smart” junior colleagues and with old, but absolutely fail-safe and very cheap reed switches. This made it possible to include SPU in the household fire alarm systems - a signal and triggering device, which, based on a signal from the control panel or directly from the sensor, includes signboards, flashing lights, sirens and opens the valves of the automatic fire extinguishing system.
Modern OPS are digital-analog parallel-addressed: each sensor is programmed with it email address, and the control panel knows exactly where everything happened. Using advanced software, analog sensors are also quite accurately controlled by loop parameters. The alarm signal is sent via GSM to the owner’s mobile phone and computer security organization. The alarm can be duplicated directly from the chip sensor, and the activation of the control system can also be triggered from the gearbox.
Motion sensors on the same chips and infrared lasers have made the alarm systems truly security: they control the entire volume of the room or the area of the yard. The laser scanner signal is converted into a code, and the control panel processor continuously compares the codes one after another, filtering out interference from weather, precipitation, and small safe objects.
The capabilities of a modern fully functional security system are presented in the figure. This one is quite expensive, but the system is simpler, quite reliable for an apartment, and you can assemble it yourself. How will be described below, but for now let’s see what is needed and what can be achieved in general:
- An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is necessary for the alarm system to continue to operate in a de-energized apartment;
- Universal sensor-announcers: on the left is a group of autonomous ones, for example. in the garage;
- Motion sensors;
- Electronic lock;
- Reed anti-burglary contactor;
- Sign board;
- Local alarm;
- Display with control panel;
- Automatic OPS.
Let's give some explanations. Firstly, reed tamper sensors are still in their place, not competing with motion sensors, and the point is not only in cheapness and reliability. The small reed contactor is easy to hide; its operation is not detected by the anti-scanner. The search for such a “bug” (and it is unknown whether it exists at all) with skillful installation requires so much time that hacking loses its meaning.
Secondly, instead of any of the devices in pos. 7, 8 can be connected to SPU. Thirdly, according to item 10: the power supply of the alarm system must be supplied from a separate circuit breaker turned on BEFORE the apartment one, otherwise reliable operation system is not guaranteed. And finally, a remote control with an access code display allows you to independently reset, test and reconfigure the alarm system.
Organizational structure
A radical improvement in the technical base also entailed improvements organizational structure OPS: subscribers are rarely connected to the EMERCOM console; it is expensive and overloads both equipment and personnel. The role of signal concentrator was taken over by private security firms. It does not light up or is stolen everywhere and not always, and with an acceptable load they can gain a lot of subscribers, which provides a decent income for a small monthly fee.
This system is also beneficial for the owners: a private licensed security guard will be happy to advise, help with advice, and he has no experience in interacting with the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the police. And since the owner still pays him with his hard-earned money, it is easier to demand it if something happens than from a government agency.
Let's take care of the alarm
Do you need a project?
A fire alarm project is needed, and not so much for formal reasons. Only a security guard with extensive experience will be able to accurately indicate the location of devices, their types and connection diagram. Otherwise, the flame may rage beyond repair, and the attacker, immediately spotting the “homemade” (they are well versed in alarms), will only grunt and, having “bombed the hut”, will sit at ease in the owner’s favorite chair, drinking the owner’s cognac, smoking the owner’s cigar, gently stroking the bag on her knees, tightly stuffed with the owner's goods and looking ironically at the sensors in full combat readiness.
However, security companies, generally rightly believing that the main thing is real security, not paperwork, often make concessions to potential subscribers: they agree to do a cheaper project, a sketch, or limit themselves to an even cheaper consultation: where to put what sensors, where to place the alarm control panel, what cable and how to connect everything.
Then, after checking the work, they put him under guard, and based on the documents, they pass him by retroactively. The owner is no worse off for this: once the contract is signed and the apartment is already under control, the security guards bear all the responsibility. The components of a modern security system are completely reliable, maintenance fire alarm system comes down to periodic checking of its operability and readiness, which, together with the security company on duty, can be carried out by the owner himself, so, as a rule, problems with service do not arise.
How to do what?
The law does not prohibit you from making an OPS yourself, but they won’t take one on the remote control. We will have to limit ourselves to displaying an alarm on a mobile phone, but this is already a serious help in misfortune: the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the police are obliged to respond to any signals from citizens. Therefore, we will describe which equipment to choose for which case, and how to correctly assemble it into a workable whole.
PKP
The types of modern control panels are shown in the figure. The first one on the left is a professional multi-beam analog-to-digital one. These can work with any security system schemes, connect in cascade, ensuring the protection of objects of any degree of complexity and conduct a dialogue with the computer of the security organization, recording and transmitting a complete picture of the development of the situation. They are not used in everyday life.
The next one is semi-professional, digital for parallel address fire alarm systems. It is shown open because From the outside it is a blank box. At the bottom right there is an individual entrepreneur; Next to it is a battery, quite powerful, apparently, for several hours, up to a day, autonomous operation.
On the top left is an electronic unit, and in an empty space next to it in 24-hour guarded premises there is a control panel, but it is usually placed further away. The fact is that the heart of the OPS, although equipped with a self-defense system, is still the most vulnerable place security system. The work of the processor can be detected by a special scanner, similar to what car thieves do, and interfered with in a manner undesirable for the owner.
Therefore, the control panel is strongly recommended to be placed in a hidden, hard-to-reach and fairly well electrically shielded place, say, in a reinforced concrete basement. As for the RS482 serial interface, which connects the control panel and the remote control, its signals are very well encoded, and it is impossible to get through it to the processor.
Semi-professional control panels are used in everyday life in elite estates individually or collectively in residential complexes: one such control panel allows you to connect up to 255 sensors to it.
The next one is a multi-beam household control panel. This is a device that is already affordable for the average citizen. This device is intended for private households with outbuildings: in addition to servicing reed switches and chip wire beams, it can process signals from 2-8, depending on the model, wireless sensors.
The one on the far right is the simplest apartment control panel. The cheapest models serve only one beam (you don’t need more in an apartment), but, like all of the above, they can transmit a signal to a mobile number. The number in inexpensive household control panels without access by code from your own remote control is flashed upon purchase or in security company, so you need to keep your phone with it charged and with a non-empty account: mobile operators They charge a fee for receiving messages via GSM.
Household control panels must be equipped with detailed instructions With standard schemes OPS, a list of types and models of sensors compatible with the device and recommendations for installing the system. Often the kit includes a flashing beacon for front door and a “Protected object” sticker. These are very useful additions: their presence most often forces villains and vandals to go away.
The control panel must comply with the European standard EN54, which is ensured by SSPB, LPCB or VdS certificates.
Sensors
Sensors and their connecting wires are the key component of the alarm system, which determines its reliability as a whole. First of all, about the wires. Sensors are no longer connected using telephone “noodles”, fragile and unreliable: there are many types of signal two- and multi-core cables in a round outer shell, which can be laid along the walls so that they are not conspicuous, and hidden under decorative cladding. But we should talk in more detail about the sensors themselves.
Choice
For apartment best option– good old reed caps, see fig. For the kitchen, it is desirable to have a chip one that reacts, in addition to heat, to smoke. If significant valuables are stored in the apartment, then it is better to install fully functional ones with motion detectors near their locations.
In a private house, a motion sensor in the yard with a built-in control system loaded onto a lighting lantern would be useful. And it will scare away uninvited guests, and you won’t have to stumble in the dark: the SPU will illuminate it.
Multifunctional sensors are necessarily equipped with an indicator LED, while the simplest ones can be with or without it. The first is preferable: the glow or, conversely, the extinguishing of the indicator indicates a malfunction of the sensor. If there is a false alarm, there is no need to climb the ceiling with the tester - the bad sensor is immediately visible.
Accommodation
At first glance, the standards for placing OPS sensors are very liberal, see Fig.: no further than 4.5 m from a wall or corner and no more than 9 m between sensors. But this was done only for the convenience of configuring a specific OPS, but in fact the placement of sensors is a delicate matter.
Firstly, when placing them on walls, there must be at least 0.2 m to the ceiling, otherwise the sensor may end up in a smoke pocket and give a false alarm. Have you seen smoky rooms? The upper corners are the most smoky there. Secondly, with beams on the ceiling, the sensors need to be placed on their lower surfaces, and not on the sides or in the space between the beams, for the same reason.
And finally, the sensor does not survey the entire hemisphere, and its sensitivity depends on the distance to the source of danger. The controlled area in the form of a circle in an empty room depends on the ceiling height as follows:
- Up to 3.5 m – up to 85 sq. m.
- 3.5-6 m – up to 70 sq. m.
- 6-10 m – up to 65 sq. m.
- From 10 m – up to 55 sq. m.
By flame:
- Up to 3.5 m – up to 25 sq. m.
- 3.5-6 m – up to 20 sq. m.
- 6-9 m – up to 15 sq. m.
- Over 9 m – not controlled; the fire will become a fire before the detector is triggered.
“Before” in front of the area means that this is the maximum achievable value - in empty room with proportions in terms of 3/4. Accurate calculation of the location of sensors in habitable rooms requires computer modeling or the eye of an experienced specialist. If the alarm system is done independently without output to the security console, then we can assume that one sensor in the living room “sees” below a square with side L equal to the ceiling height of up to 4 m. The outermost sensors should be placed at half this distance from the nearest wall, and the intermediate ones – at a distance L from each other. In long and narrow rooms, the main consideration is the distance between the sensors.
Example: corridor in Khrushchev 1.75x4 m; ceiling height - 2.5 m. Two sensors are needed, located at 1.75/2 = 0.875 from end walls. In the bedroom of the same Khrushchev building 2.5x4.5 m, two sensors are also needed 1.25 m from the end walls.
Connection
Fire alarm sensors are connected strictly according to their instructions. The beam loop always ends with a termination resistor R. Its value is indicated in the instructions for the control panel. Default R=470 ohms, but ratings of 680 ohms or 910 ohms may be required. Let us explain in more detail only two frequently requested points.
First– inclusion of five-terminal IP-212 sensors, which have proven themselves, in a two-wire loop. How to do this is shown in the figure on the left.
Second– connection of conventional sensors with one terminal block. The cable wires must enter/exit the terminal block in a MIRROR way, as shown in Fig. right.
Third– sensors with two terminal blocks. The left block is for the CABLE, which is connected according to the instructions or as described. But the right one should be dealt with before purchasing: it is intended for autonomous activation of the SPU; Some of the most common circuits of such sensors are shown in the last figure.
If the contacts of the loop (terminals 1-4) and the SPU (terminals 6-8) are electrically separated, as in the rightmost position, then you need to find out the permissible voltage and current or power of the SPU. If the contact is common, as in the other three positions, then the voltage is 12 V at a current of up to 200 mA, and it will go to the SPU from the loop, i.e. load the sensor with light bulbs, bells, etc. you can’t - the control panel will fail.
We sincerely wish everything or everyone who intends to ignore your OPS complete failure: nipped in the bud or sentenced to the fullest extent of the law.
If you are trying to protect yourself and your property from possible fires and fires, then installing a fire alarm system (FSA) is exactly the solution that will provide an effective solution to this problem. Modern fire extinguishing systems include many innovative developments and solutions that will allow you to timely identify the source of a fire, report an incipient fire to the fire service, and independently do everything possible to extinguish the fire and minimize its impact on property in the premises.
4 reasons to buy OPS
The principle of fire alarm operation provides for the possibility of early fire detection by characteristic features: increase in room temperature, smoke, presence open flame. Installing a fire alarm system will allow you to provide the following in the event of a fire:
- notification and management of personnel evacuation;
- shutdown of working technological equipment;
- turning off air conditioning systems and supply ventilation;
- launch of fire extinguishing systems, smoke absorption and other fire protection systems.
Features of installation of fire systems
Installation of fire alarm systems involves a whole range of works, including:
- selection of appropriate equipment for the project;
- installation the necessary sensors;
- setting up equipment and commissioning.
Installation of fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems can be carried out in any premises except landings and premises with high humidity and moisture condensation (bathtubs, showers, toilets, etc.). A fire alarm can be installed both in an office and in a residential building, or on.
Fire alarm installation. Prices are minimal, quality is maximum
Our company has many years of experience work in the installation of various fire systems. We offer wide range fire and security systems, which can reliably protect your property from fire. Professional installation fire alarm system in Moscow is carried out quickly, efficiently and in accordance with established standards by our qualified team technical standards.
The cost of installing a fire alarm will depend on the type of system being installed. Traditional threshold fire alarm systems, which are installed mainly in offices or enterprises, have a lower price. But automatic system addressable analog type will cost much more, but their operating efficiency is an order of magnitude higher. The prices for the services offered can be found in detail in our price list.
If you need the installation of a fire alarm system, the price of which is the lowest in the region, and the quality of the work meets the highest level, contact Pozhtekhmontazh LLC, we will definitely help.
Installation of fire alarm systems is one of the main stages of installation of fire protection systems in premises. This stage involves installing the necessary sensors and appropriate devices that will allow you to quickly and effectively identify the source of fire, notify about it and try to localize the fire, preventing the fire from breaking out in other places and spreading over large areas.
Installation of fire alarms has several purposes - notifying people about impending danger, transmitting a signal for help to the relevant special services, taking action to eliminate the source of fire at the earliest stage.
Basic nuances of installing fire systems
After creating a project for a future alarm system and agreeing it with the customer, fire alarm installers begin directly to carry out work related to the installation of the appropriate equipment. At the initial stage, network cables are laid, through which power is supplied to alarm devices, signals are exchanged between sensors and signal-reading controllers, as well as the central control computer.
At the next stage, the installation of fire alarm systems involves the installation of appropriate sensors (temperature, smoke, open flame) and detectors associated with them. Next, the installation of primary fire extinguishing and smoke removal equipment is carried out.
At the final stage, the installation of a fire alarm includes work on setting up the equipment, performing commissioning work and testing the operation of the system.
Fire alarm installation cost
The Pozhtekhmontazh company is ready to offer its clients installation of fire alarms in Moscow on mutually beneficial terms. A qualified team can perform installation work of any complexity. All work is carried out in strict accordance with established technical standards and GOSTs.
We install fire alarm systems in any room, be it an industrial facility or a residential building, an educational institution or a warehouse. To create fire alarms, only modern, high-quality equipment is used, which allows us to reliably protect the customer’s property from a possible fire. At the client's choice, we offer fire alarm installation, the cost of which may vary depending on the chosen equipment option. Threshold signaling will cost less, and addressable analogue systems will have a slightly higher cost. All prices for installation of fire alarms by our specialists can be found in the price list of Pozhtekhmontazh LLC.
Pozhtekhmontazh LLC is ready to install a security and fire alarm system in a short time, the price of which will be minimal in the region. We guarantee high quality of all work!
To clarify questions regarding the installation of a fire extinguishing system at your facility, contact the manager.
Example of the cost of installing a fire alarm (non-addressable) for a room with an area of no more than 50 m2
| 2 pcs | ||
| Manual fire detector | 1 piece | |
 |
Light annunciator | 1 piece |
| Sound annunciator | 1 piece | |
| Control and reception device | 1 piece | |
| Battery | 1 piece | |
| Fire resistant cable | 35 m | |
 |
Fire-resistant power cable | 5 m |
| Corrugated pipe | 28 m | |
| Single channel box | 6 m | |
|
Total cost including installation: 19,800 rubles (excluding VAT) |
||
|---|---|---|
Example of the cost of installing a fire alarm (non-addressable) for an object with an area of 100 m2
| Fire smoke detector | 10 pcs | |
| Manual fire detector | 1 piece | |
|
|
Light annunciator | 1 piece |
| Sound annunciator | 1 piece | |
| Control and reception device | 1 piece | |
| Battery | 1 piece | |
| Fire resistant cable | 115 m | |
|
|
Fire-resistant power cable | 10 m |
| Corrugated pipe | 92 m | |
| Single channel box | 14 m | |
|
Total cost including installation: 33,800 rubles (excluding VAT) | ||
|---|---|---|
Before installing a fire alarm, you need to understand the types of such systems and choose the type that suits your specific requirements. You can install the system yourself, but it is better to call a special team. If desired, the owner of the system can register it with the State Fire Supervision Authority.
Types of systems
All types of fire alarm systems can be divided into several types.
- Threshold systems with radial loops.
- Threshold systems with a modular structure.
- Combined system.
Threshold systems with radial stubs
Threshold systems equipped with radial loops are popular for one reason only - they are very cheap. However, installation of such equipment will be quite expensive. Such a system has a lot of shortcomings that are difficult to notice immediately after installation.
In particular, the PKP can give false signals. The number of such false notifications here is an order of magnitude higher than in any other devices. At least two detectors must be installed in one room, and this leads to increased costs. Although the equipment is very economical, its installation and the expense of unnecessary detectors will lead to the fact that the total costs will be very significant.
With an abundance of sensors, it will be impossible to track them from one computer.
The control panel also sets a certain threshold at which a signal is given. It is almost impossible to check the serviceability of the alarm; if it breaks, the sound may not sound. PEP is highly dependent on the human factor.
In a word, such a system has many more disadvantages than advantages. When installing an alarm for serious purposes, it is better to choose something else.
Threshold systems with a modular structure
Such systems are inexpensive, like the previous type of alarm. They have almost the same disadvantages: expensive installation, a certain signal threshold, dependence on the human factor.
However, this type of alarm can be freely controlled from one remote control or computer. In addition, it is possible to install two blocks simultaneously.
This system has a fundamentally different structure than the previous two. It works differently. All sensors in it are combined into a common unit, and they are regularly checked from the control panel. Signals from sensors can have four responses: “normal”, “fire”, “malfunction”, “absence”.
The disadvantage of this type of alarm is that they detect the source of fire too late and report it. Otherwise it's a very good system.
This system has an optimal price-quality ratio; using the survey panel you can always identify faults in the sensors in a timely manner, as well as obtain a lot of useful information.
Up to two hundred sensors can be included in one loop of such an alarm. To appreciate all the advantages of this system, you need to understand how this type of fire alarm works. It assumes the presence twisted pairs, this is its main advantage and at the same time disadvantage. When any sensor fails, the system itself remains fully operational.
The sensors do not have any specific signal threshold. They simply record the atmosphere at their designated point and send the data to the control panel. This allows you to very quickly identify the source of fire. In addition, such a system design allows you to find out about any faults in the network in a timely manner.
The cost of installing an analogue addressable system itself will not be expensive, but the equipment will cost a decent amount. Probably the only drawback of this signaling is that the protocol requires a twisted pair cable.
Combined systems
Combination fire alarms are the most powerful. They allow the installation of several thousand sensors and devices. They have a very wide range of additional equipment.
Fire alarm systems and devices of this type are controlled from one control point, which greatly facilitates safety monitoring. There are practically no disadvantages to a combined fire alarm, except that it can cost a decent amount of money.
Installation and dismantling
Installation of an alarm requires compliance with special rules that are prescribed in regulatory documentation. It is advisable to install such systems with the help of professionals if the owner of the premises does not have the skills to work with such systems.
Some owners ask the question whether it is possible to create a fire alarm with their own hands, that is, assemble the device itself at home. Yes, this is quite possible, but within certain limits. Complex systems You won't be able to create it yourself. A master can only do the most simple devices, and no one can guarantee that they will function properly.
Sometimes the fire system operates without any fire. The frightened owners do not know how to turn off the fire alarm. The sound of this system is very specific and hardly anyone will like it. To restore silence and order, you must do the following.
- First you need to find out the reason why the alarm went off. There may have been smoke or a small fire. The room must be ventilated immediately.
- If, after all, the system worked without any reason, then you need to decide on its type. The simplest alarm system with sensors can be easily turned off. To do this, you just need to remove the power source from the sensors themselves. For a more complex alarm system, you need to go to the control panel. The system often turns off only after the appropriate code has been entered.
- A radical way to eliminate noise is to cut through the alarm wires. If you need to restore it, you will have to carry out a whole series of works.
A properly installed fire alarm is the key to the safety of your property and your own safety. There are several effective systems on the market today that operate on different principles. Explore the features available options, select the most suitable type of fire alarm, and then read the guide for calculating and installing sensors and what to do in case of a false alarm.
The main types of modern fire alarms
There are systems that work using smoke and heat sensors. The principle of operation of the devices is clear from their name: thermal sensors are triggered when the temperature rises, while smoke sensors are activated when smoke forms within their range. The sensors themselves can be powered by special control panels or batteries.
An addressable analogue system, as well as an addressable polling alarm system, is well suited for the home. Installations of the targeted survey type find fires as quickly as possible. Modern addressable analog alarms are able to determine the location of the fire and even take some actions, for example, turn off ventilation system, close or open everything in the house, turn on the sound alarm, etc.
Modern fire alarms with a built-in GSM transmitter are available for sale. In the event of a fire, such a system will call or send an alarm message to a specified number. This will give the owner the opportunity to immediately call the fire department and personally come home. Modern GSM systems can be programmed to notify several phone numbers at once, which is very convenient.
The nuances of installing and maintaining a fire alarm system
Fire detectors must be installed on every floor and in every room of the house. Attics and basements are also no exception. The best place to place fire alarm sensors is the ceiling.
You can install the sensors yourself, but if possible, it is better to entrust this work to a licensed company.
Once installed, the alarm system will require regular maintenance. If the sensors are powered by batteries, check the functionality of the controllers every month. The batteries themselves usually use up their life in a year. It is recommended to replace the sensors with new ones at least every 7-10 years.
If the system elements are powered from lithium battery, sensors also need to be tested monthly. If it is necessary to replace the battery with a new one, all warning devices must be replaced at the same time.
If the apartment or house has wired system, check its serviceability every month. The power supply needs to be changed annually. The service life of the entire system is on average 7-10 years.
During installation fire protection system pay special attention to the cross-section and location of the cables. Consider the fact that in the future you may want to redesign rooms or make basic repairs. Try to think things through so that any repairs can be performed without making changes to the alarm system configuration.
Provide reliable protection systems from various kinds unacceptable external damage (damage from insects, chemicals, etc.). The norms and rules for installing the systems in question are dictated by the relevant GOSTs. Carefully study the current regulatory documentation before starting installation work.
Buy equipment only from verified and licensed suppliers. Alarms of dubious manufacture usually behave unpredictably. For example, they often operate without any hint of a fire, but during a real fire they remain stubbornly silent. Therefore, do not skimp on your own safety and buy a quality system from famous manufacturer. All the same, the alarm system will not have to be replaced very often.
After installation, set your alarm to service. To do this, it is better to contact a specialized company.
In preparation for installing a fire alarm, a number of special calculations must be performed. They will help you choose the most optimal system option and avoid unnecessary costs during the installation and maintenance of sensors.
One of the most important steps in alarm design is determining the appropriate power supply capacity. Decide which energy source will be most convenient for you to connect the sensors to. There are quite a lot of such sources: from ordinary batteries to solar batteries.
The required battery capacity is indicated in the instructions for the alarm. Check the value found with the information on the battery case. If the battery capacity is not enough, purchase a more powerful battery or connect several batteries in parallel.
If you connect multiple batteries in parallel, make sure their voltage is the same. Otherwise, the total capacity of the battery circuit will decrease.
Check the required wire cross-section for connecting fire alarm sensors. This information is usually provided in the system manual. Also pay attention to indicators such as battery capacity for standby and alarm modes. Add these values up and you will get the total required battery capacity specifically for your system.
Connecting an alarm using the example of typical sensors
First stage. Define required quantity alarm sensors. To determine the required number of controllers, you need to know the area of the room served and the ceiling height. The current regulatory documentation states that if the ceiling has a height of no more than 350 cm, then one sensor is sufficient to service 80 m2. At the same time, the rules fire safety demand that even in the most small room there were at least two controllers. Follow the last rule.
Second stage. Mark locations for installing fire detectors. The maximum permissible distance from the wall to the sensor according to regulatory documents is 450 cm. The sensors themselves must be installed in increments of at least 900 cm. This rule is relevant for situations where the ceiling is single-level and its height does not exceed 350 cm.
Wall-mounted models of fire sensors should be placed at a distance of 200 mm from the ceiling surface.
Third stage. Fix the sensors at the marked places and connect them to the power source using two-wire wires. The sensors are connected to each other in series. You need to install a resistor in the last controller block.
Fourth stage. Test each sensor after connection. To do this, light a candle and pass its flame near the detector.
If the fire alarm goes off without any sign of a fire, you need to perform several simple actions to turn it off. Otherwise, loud sound alerts and the activation of unnecessary additional funds will cause you a lot of trouble.
First option. Find out why the alarm went off in the first place. You cannot turn off the system without first checking all serviced premises. Quality systems extremely rarely they work without any reason. Maybe there was smoke or a real fire in some room of the house. If there is an “irritant”, eliminate it, and the system will turn off on its own. Be sure to check the condition of the electrical wiring.
Second option. If you have not found any reasons for the alarm to go off, proceed to turn it off. The shutdown procedure depends on the type of specific system. The simplest option is to disconnect the alarm from the power source. However, this option can be considered solely as a temporary solution to the problem, because With a disabled alarm, you are jeopardizing the safety of your home and everyone in it.
Third option. If your home has a centralized control panel, turn off the alarm from it. In some situations this procedure requires entering a special code. If you don't know it, contact the company that services your fire alarm.
Fourth option. If the controller becomes very dusty, for example, when repair work, to disconnect it will be enough to remove it from the sensor front panel and rub its “insides” with a cotton swab lightly moistened with alcohol. If this was the problem, after such cleaning the alarm will turn off. From now on, monitor the condition of the sensors and clean them promptly.
Fifth option. If you need to turn off the fire alarm in a particular room, you can wrap the sensor with adhesive tape. However, after such processing the controller will become useless. Remove the tape immediately after identifying and correcting the problem.
Sixth option. If none of the above helped, use the most radical solution - cut the wires connected to the sensor. The fire alarm will turn off, but will become completely useless until you repair it. Try to figure out the cause of the false alarms of the sensors as quickly as possible and eliminate the malfunctions.
If this is possible, contact a specialized company. Its employees will diagnose the fire alarm system and give recommendations on further actions from your side.
Thus, in self-installation There is absolutely nothing complicated about fire alarms. You just need to understand in detail the sequence of connecting the sensors and follow the instructions. Be sure to check the manufacturer's recommendations. Many modern systems have a number of features that need to be clarified separately. Your safety depends on the correct installation and connection of sensors, remember this.
Good luck!
Video - DIY fire alarm installation
Ecolife Group carries out installation of automatic fire alarms and turnkey fire extinguishing systems for enterprises, office and shopping centers, schools and sports facilities, apartments, country houses, cottages and other objects. The company also accepts maintenance and repairs of all types of fire alarm equipment.
Contract for the installation of fire alarms, a complete set of documents
Our company works with legal and individuals. We conclude an agreement for all services provided, which is a document that clearly defines the cost and timing of the work. Pre-agreed terms reduce risks for both parties, and also ensure the benefits of the transaction for the seller and buyer.
Signing the certificates of completed work and acceptance and transfer of equipment means the successful completion of the work. We provide a full package of documents, including invoices, acts, invoices and cash receipts for cash payments, commissioning reports, and system settings. After completing the work, we continue to work with you as a consultant and service organization.
An engineer’s visit to calculate the cost of work is free of charge.
Fire alarm installation cost
| Name of work | Unit change | Cost, rub |
| Installation with connection of a control panel | pcs. | 1500 |
| Installation of intermediate devices for the number of beams | pcs. | 1200 |
| Installation with connection of the internal power supply | pcs. | 500 |
| Installation with connection of an external power supply | pcs. | 900 |
| Control panel | pcs. | 1300 |
| Two-Wire Link Controller | pcs. | 900 |
| Relay block | pcs. | 900 |
| Fire extinguishing indication unit | pcs. | 800 |
| Fire extinguishing and control panel | pcs. | 1500 |
| Interface converter | pcs. | 700 |
| Branching-isolating block | pcs. | 400 |
| Address expander for 8 addresses | pcs. | 700 |
| Address expander for 2 addresses | pcs. | 400 |
| Redundant power supply RIP | pcs. | 1200 |
| Battery 7 Ah | pcs. | 350 |
| Addressable analogue fire detector | pcs. | 600 |
| Fire detector thermal addressable analog | pcs. | 600 |
| Analogue smoke detector | pcs. | 450 |
| Fire detector thermal analogue | pcs. | 400 |
| Manual addressable fire detector IPR-513-ZA isp.02 | pcs. | 500 |
| Linear fire smoke detector | pcs. | 900 |
| Cost of commissioning of OPS systems | set | negotiable |
| Corrugated cable laying | ||
| Open fastening with tie or bracket | m | 30 |
| Behind the false ceiling | m | 30 |
| Under the floors | m | 40 |
| By trays | m | 50 |
| Installation of corrugations with drilling | m | 60 |
| Installation of the box with drilling | m | 60 |
| In the tray | m | 40 |
| In a box | m | 20 |
| Shaving (concrete, brick, asphalt) | m | 300 |
| In the ground | m | 300 |
| Tightening the cable into the corrugation | m | 10 |
| Drilling holes 10 cm | pcs. | 100 |
| Difficulty factor | ||
| Works | Coefficient | |
| Outdoor installation from May to October | 1,2 | |
| Outdoor installation from October to May | 1,5 | |
| Installation at a height of 3 to 4 meters | 1,2 | |
| Installation at a height of 4 to 5 meters | 1,4 | |
| Installation at a height of 5 to 6 meters | 1,6 | |
| Installation after hours and weekends | 1,3 | |
| Installation in rooms with a large number furniture and people | 1,3 | |
To calculate the exact cost of fire alarm installation work, call us or send your existing fire alarm project. We will calculate the cost of alarm installation within a day.
Installation of fire alarm systems is carried out on the basis of approved working (design) documentation.
If it is not available, the engineers of Ecolife Group of Companies are ready to perform for you design work. To do this, we will need floor plans of your facility and technical requirements in the form of a technical specification for the design of a fire alarm.
After completing the project, our specialists will begin work on installing an automatic fire alarm system. Thus, Ecolife Group of Companies carries out the design and installation of fire alarm systems in the complex.
Our specialist goes to the site free of charge to calculate the price of a fire alarm, draw up a Commercial Proposal and an Agreement. Contact us by phone, email or the order form on the website.
Fire alarm installation: how we work
Fire alarm installation: stages of work
When the design work is completed, we can assume that an automatic fire alarm system already exists, albeit only in theory for now. All technical decisions have already been made, the type of alarm system has been selected, necessary equipment and materials selected. This system is unique and it will not fit any other object. The next stage is installation work, which will put the plan into practice and “breathe life” into the very important system human protection.
That's why, installation of fire alarm systems- not only expensive, but also the most critical stage of work. It requires attention and control not only from the contractor, but also from the owner of the facility.
Any construction and installation work can be divided into two components:
1. Direct execution of work;
2. Preparation of acceptance documentation.
It cannot be said that one is more important than the other. Both components are needed for further stable operation system and its operation. Before handing over the completed work, the customer must have a fully tested and functioning fire alarm system and several folders with documentation.
As in the case of design, it would be nice for the customer to have in his arsenal a person who is able to understand all this and control the process. Large companies have no problem with this. An engineer is appointed by order, or even an entire engineering organization is contracted to carry out technical supervision over the work and documentation. If this is a one-time job for the customer, or there is simply no way to hire someone additionally, then you will have to figure out the key points yourself.
So where does the installation of a fire alarm begin?
The installation process can be divided into several stages:
- Selecting a contracting company;
- Inspection of the object and conclusion of the contract;
- Purchase of equipment and materials;
- Execution electrical installation work;
- Carrying out commissioning work.
Fire alarm installation: choosing a contractor
When performing installation work, the most important thing for the customer is preparation. Find a company that will meet all the requirements, discuss all the subtleties and features of the object - this must be done before signing an agreement or contract. During the execution of work, it will only be possible to monitor compliance with all contractual obligations without interfering with the production process.
The choice among companies that install fire alarms is quite wide. Even in a relatively small city you can find a couple of such organizations. In order for a company to carry out this type of activity, it must at least have a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.
IN lately specialized organizations become members of Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs) and receive a “Certificate of Admission to Certain Types of Work.” In this certificate they are interested in the section “Installation of fire protection equipment.” This certificate gives the right to perform fire alarm installation work in strictly defined cases. Therefore, if you need to install an alarm in any “standard” operating building (shop, office, hotel), then having such a certificate is not necessary. But, if the company you choose has it, then this fact can definitely be considered an advantage.
Site inspection and conclusion of a contract for the installation of a fire alarm
Now a little about what is required from the customer before concluding a contract for installation work.
Firstly, you should have a project at stage “P” in your hands (or on electronic media). Based on this project, the installation organization will be able to calculate the price of the equipment, as well as the cost of construction, installation and commissioning work. If you have a project in electronic form, then you can simply call several companies, send them the project by e-mail and ask them to submit a commercial proposal. In this case, you will not have to waste time on meetings or travel. And the proposals received can be compared by cost and other conditions (work completion time, presence/absence of advance payment, etc.) at a time convenient for you.
Secondly, the customer needs to imagine in detail how the work will be performed from an administrative and economic point of view. You can even draw up a small document with your requirements for the work. And such a document will be called, as in the case of design, “Technical Specifications”. Samples of such a document can be easily found on the World Wide Web. In this document you can, for example, indicate specific hours for performing work. If the object of protection is a hotel, then this requirement will be relevant and justified. Also, one of the requirements may be cleaning of premises (dry or wet) at the end of each working day, with determination of the location for storing waste. Or you, as a customer, can request that a responsible employee from the company be permanently present at your site so that any technical or organizational issues that arise can be resolved at any time.
Thirdly, it will be extremely useful for both the installation organization and the customer to inspect the site before concluding a contract. The main purpose of this event is to check the compliance of the design and actual data of the facility. In practice, it happens that a significant period of time may pass from the completion of design work to the start of alarm installation work. This happens especially often at facilities under construction. And during this period, some architectural changes may occur at the site, which they simply forgot to include in the automatic fire alarm project. In such cases, a preliminary examination can become extremely important.
For the customer it is also great way get to know a potential contractor better and have the opportunity to see him “in action.” And the contractor will be able to visualize the scale of the upcoming work and discuss some of the installation details with the owner of the facility.
It is clear that such requirements can lead to higher prices. total cost performance of work. But if there are circumstances that you consider extremely important when installing a fire alarm, then they must be conveyed to the contractor. And it’s best if your requirements are exactly in writing. In this case, they can be fully transferred to the contract or this Technical Specification can be drawn up as an annex to it.
Fire alarm installation: purchase of equipment and materials
This task can be accomplished in several ways.
First way- supply is entirely handled by the customer. There can be many reasons for such contractual relationships. If during the negotiations the parties came to such a decision, then it is beneficial for them. For the installation organization this is at least convenient:
- no need to spend resources on purchasing and transporting equipment to the site,
- in case of receiving defective or “insufficient” equipment, there is no need to replace it;
This type of cooperation is quite common. In order to buy equipment you do not need any licenses or certificates. But, if the customer decides to take on the role of supplier, then he must understand that any questions regarding the discrepancy between the purchased equipment and the design equipment, as well as possible problems with its replacement or return will fall on his shoulders. If all this does not cause much trouble, then this method can easily be put into practice.
Second way, when the purchase of materials is entrusted to the installation organization, more common. IN in this case, for the customer the installation organization also becomes a supplier. There are several reasons for this.
Firstly, installation organizations buy equipment for fire automatic systems on an ongoing basis. This means that they know all the nearest trading companies and are guided by the prices of this or that equipment from different sellers. As a result, installation companies have significant discounts from the sellers they work with, so they can also help save your budget.
Secondly, all installation companies have a certain amount of equipment in stock. It is not at all necessary that the installation company will be able to fully provide the facility with everything necessary from its stocks of warehouse equipment. But collecting equipment from your warehouse in order to immediately begin installation work is quite possible. And in a day or two they will be able to deliver everything else directly from trading company. Convenient, isn't it?
Thirdly, all responsibility for the quality and performance of the equipment will lie with the installation organization. That is, if some equipment turns out to be defective or damaged (which in practice happens much more often than we would like), the installation organization will have to take on the job of replacing it. Moreover, given the availability of a warehouse, most often the replacement occurs instantly and the installation process does not have to be stopped.
Third way most often used large companies. It consists of organizing a tender for the purchase of equipment. If you do not have such experience, you may encounter a number of serious difficulties. Probably the most accurate way to organize a purchase would be to contact professional companies that not only carry out these purchases, but will also be able to provide detailed advice. If you have well-written technical requirements for the purchase, you can achieve very serious cost savings. Otherwise, you will still have to spend time and human resources to monitor compliance with the terms of the supply agreement.
Carrying out installation work on site. Alarm installation
After the preparatory work has been completed, installation can begin.
It's no secret that installation of an automatic fire alarm is a process that must comply a huge number requirements. If the customer has specialists who can monitor the installation process, this will greatly simplify the control task. If there are no such specialists, they can be hired. And then only administrative functions will remain with the customer.
In addition to design technical solutions and the conditions for performing work dictated by the customer, there are a number of requirements that the installation organization must comply with.
- Since the work is aimed at ensuring fire safety, it must comply with fire safety standards.
- Installation of an alarm system is a job that is directly related to electrical installation work. And despite the fact that these works mostly relate to low-current systems (up to 60 V), they must meet the requirements for electrical installation work.
- Do not forget that installation of a fire alarm is one of the stages of construction. Therefore, the installation of alarm systems must comply with building regulations.
- In addition to all of the above, when working it is necessary to comply with safety precautions and labor protection requirements. There are quite a lot of such requirements. And if the protected object is a zone increased danger, then their number increases and becomes tougher at times.
It may seem that so many requirements are simply impossible to meet. But for experienced companies that have been conducting this activity for several years and have equipped several dozen or hundreds of objects with fire safety automation, all these norms and rules are very familiar and are followed at the level of habit. They can competently justify and document every step they take and every action they take. Therefore, when choosing a company as a contractor, do not forget to find out about the experience in this field and the number of completed projects. It would not be superfluous to clarify about working on objects that are similar or similar in their specificity to your object. It is worth noting that installation organizations that care about their reputation prepare separate documents that, in chronological order, reflect the list of iconic objects on which the company worked. Such documents are called “Business Reputation”. Customer reviews may be added to this document.
Construction and installation work begins with introductory and initial briefings. Both of them are aimed at ensuring that the work carried out is carried out with maximum attention and is safe for each participant in the production process.
Introductory briefing carried out by the customer. It can take place either orally or in the form of a video presentation. The main purpose of this briefing is to convey information about the object, its purpose and features from the point of view of safe installation work. An introductory briefing is carried out by a labor protection engineer or other responsible person who performs these functions on the basis of an order from the manager. After the briefing, each employee puts his signature in the briefing log, thereby confirming its completion.
Initial briefing also carried out on site. Unlike the introductory briefing, it is conducted by a responsible representative of the installation organization. And it is aimed primarily at informing workers about labor protection and safety requirements. When performing electrical installation work, which includes work on installing a fire alarm, these requirements relate to safety when working with electricity, hand and power tools, rules for working at height, etc. If the object is a high-risk area (gas, oil, metallurgical, etc. industries), then in addition to general rules, training is supplemented by cross-industry or highly specialized requirements.
Throughout the entire period of construction and installation work, the customer has the right to monitor and control the process of their implementation. If the customer has questions, he has the right to ask them both orally and in writing. After all, despite the fact that introductory training has been carried out, the customer is responsible for the specialists working at his site. Moreover, the customer has the right to suspend work if he sees violations in their production or non-compliance with labor protection requirements. As a rule, most of these issues are agreed upon through negotiations. In very rare cases, when certain rules are systematically violated, the customer may terminate the contract.
Commissioning work when putting the fire alarm system into operation
After completion of installation work, it is time for commissioning work. The name speaks for itself about its composition. The essence of the work is to launch the installed system and correct all possible installation errors, malfunctions in the operation of system components, and identify possible defective equipment. Also, during commissioning mode, it is necessary to test the system in all operating modes, and make sure that it correctly and accurately processes received signals and sent commands.
Commissioning work should not be underestimated, especially if the object of protection is big building with many systems associated in their work with fire alarms.
Once the system has been fully checked and tested, it is left on for 72 hours. This period is called the “running period”. The meaning of this practice is to identify malfunctions in the operation of the system or its individual components that did not appear during testing.
It happens, albeit in very rare cases, that the customer hires a separate organization to carry out commissioning work. From a legal point of view, this is a completely acceptable measure. But if you look at this from an economic or organizational point of view, then the customer certainly loses. After all, the new contractor will include all overhead costs in the estimated cost, and to attract him again you will have to carry out a selection process, introduce him to the project and the facility, draw up terms of reference and provide instructions. Of course, this will take a lot of time and resources. The positive side of such a step may only be the need to transfer installation work to a new contractor. That is, one specialized organization will be able to carry out an interim assessment of the work performed by another specialized organization. Otherwise, such a “castling” will only create problems. Therefore, in the vast majority of cases, installation and commissioning work is carried out by one organization.
After completion of the work, the installation organization notifies the customer in writing that it is ready for a comprehensive testing of the installed system.
Preparation of acceptance documentation for fire alarms
In order to document the fact that any construction and installation work has been carried out, there is the so-called “Acceptance and delivery documentation”. As a rule, it consists of four sections:
- Permitting documentation;
- Working documentation;
- Production documentation;
- Executive documentation.
These sections are compiled on the basis regulatory documents, state standards and building regulations. Depending on the type of work performed, the composition of the documents varies. Each section is compiled into a separate folder and provided with a register of the documents included in it. First of all, the contractor should know how to correctly and competently draw up the Acceptance Documentation. He, in fact, must develop it and sign it by everyone responsible persons involved in the work process. A detailed list of documents included in each section of this set is usually reflected already at the time of drawing up the agreement (contract).
After reading all the above information, it may seem that monitoring the installation of an automatic fire alarm on the part of the customer is an extremely difficult task. Especially for those who are faced with the need to equip a facility with fire-fighting automation for the first time.