- An airfield is a device used by beekeepers when shaking out bees. Helps bees enter the hive from the ground
- Bribe - the amount of honey brought by bees in 1 day
- Foundation is a thin plate of wax inserted into a frame by the beekeeper to make it easier for bees to build honeycombs. "Foundation" of future sushi
- Smoker - a device used to pacify bees with smoke
- Zabrus - honey mixed with wax comb caps, subject to further processing
- Winter club is the state of a bee colony during winter, when the bees do not sleep, but are in a less mobile state, huddled together, maintaining vitality and warmth.
- A deck (also known as a beehive) is a hive used in ancient times to keep bees. It is a hollow tree trunk
- The magazine is the body of the hive, which is placed on top. Bees fill it exclusively with honey.
- Honey extractor is a device for pumping out honey. Thanks to centrifugal force, honey is pumped out of the honeycombs
- Honey harvest is the period when bees collect honey. It can be main, supporting, etc. The main one is when the bees bring the most bribe (honey)
- Spray - nectar that bees put into honeycombs, fermented and dried to turn it into honey
- Nucleus is a small hive that serves to contain a certain number of bees and a young queen until she is fertilized. Used for propagation of families and in mother breeding
- Pollen - a collection of pollen collected by a bee on its hind legs
- Signet is a method of covering honeycombs by bees. Varies depending on different breeds, can be wet or dry depending on whether the honey touches the wax caps or not.
- PZhVM - a waste product of the wax moth
- A bee colony is a structural unit of bee society. Honey bees They live only in families. Colony includes worker bees, drones and only one queen
- Pollen is a collection of pollen grains from seed plants
- Pollen collector (pollen collector) - a device for collecting pollen from honey bees
- Rocking - slang. The period when the beekeeper pumps out honey from the frames
- Printout - removing wax caps from honeycomb cells to extract honey in centrifuges-honey extractors
- Brood - eggs, open or covered with wax caps of the larvae of worker bees and drones
- PP - dividing grid, serves to limit the movement of the uterus through the housings and magazines
- Sushi - a frame with lined honeycombs. The name comes from the fact that the frames are usually dried indoors after transferring the honey.
- A drone is a male insect whose vital task is to fertilize a young uterus
- SCM - silent queen change - the natural replacement of an old queen by a new one by bees, occurring without swarming,
- Street - the distance between 2 frames. The concept is used when buying and selling frame bee packages or hives, when indicating how many streets are occupied by bees. There are always 1 fewer frames in a package than streets
Any insects are a nuisance for the owners of the house in which they appear, be it house ants, cockroaches or wasps. Wasps are common inhabitants of human homes, gardens or plots. Larvae are offspring that will bring more more larvae and harm, so it is extremely important to know what wasp larvae look like and effective ways their destruction.
These insects can cause dangerous intestinal infections; they behave aggressively if someone tries to influence their nest. Wasps also spoil food and disturb owners with their buzzing and general presence in the apartment. Hundreds of people around the world also die every year from allergic reactions to bee stings.
These insects are among those that go through a cycle of becoming adult during your life. The female lays a larva small size, which is equal to approximately a third of that of an adult. The embryo turns into a pupa, which undergoes the formation process quite quickly internal organs: digestive system and other systems vital for insects.
After a few days, the insect sheds its shell and becomes an adult. What do wasps feed their larvae? During his “growing up” period small insect cannot eat the same food as older individuals, the female obtains protein “products” for her offspring: spiders, ants, midges and other insects. The mother attacks her prey, rendering it paralyzed, and brings it to the nest.
The newly laid pupa is almost motionless, so the adult wasp takes care of it. The wasp larva has a yellow body; it does not have membranous and developed wings or legs, with the help of which the flying pest can capture prey and hold it. Since wasp larvae spend most of their development period in honeycombs, they do not move, and if they fall out of the shelter, they move crawling, like caterpillars, only wriggling and rolling from side to side due to the lack of limbs. The larvae have a round body on which divisions are visible
The wasp lays its offspring in honeycombs, attaching the larvae to the walls; it seals the entrance to the “cell” special composition so that the “child” does not fall out. Over time, the wasp larvae reach such a size that they no longer fit into the honeycomb, so it is difficult to fall out of it.
Where to look for a wasp's nest?
The most common location for a nest in an apartment is a balcony, under the ceiling in a corner, behind shelves, under the trim, or vice versa - in a corner closer to the floor, under a window sill, on pipes.
In a private home, wasps can fly from attics, from under the roof of buildings, or from piles of old things. Wasps often create their nests where they are most difficult to find. To know how to get rid of pupae of flying pests, you should know what wasp larvae look like so as not to confuse them with caterpillars.
Advice: if it is not possible to find a wasp’s home, you just need to put a piece of bread, smeared with jam, melon or meat in the room where they often live and watch their movement. The wasps will quickly smell the treat and fly off to treat themselves, and then fly back, and you can follow them.
Destruction of a nest with larvae
Means for destruction wasp nests quite a lot, but since over time the wasps have mutated and become more resistant to the effects of chemical components, a higher concentration of dangerous compounds is added to the substances, which can also harm human health.
Wasp larvae respond well to classic aerosols, for example, Dichlorvos, Raptor, Varana, etc. - they can be found in any grocery store. WITH widespread Such means will not cope with insects, but you can easily destroy a small nest located on a balcony, in an apartment, or in the attic. Enhanced Effect active ingredients have indoors.
More effective methods getting rid of a nest with pupae:
- Pesticides - experts recommend using them if the fight against flying pests has been going on for a long time and is not at all in your favor. Aerosol is sprayed on outer part nests and inside. After 2-3 days, insects will die, even those that are short time fly into the house. After this, it will be possible to remove the nest;
- Insecticidal dust - you need to generously treat the “entrance” to the home and, just in case, from above. The poison will penetrate inside the house on the bodies of the wasps and have an effect on other individuals, including the larvae. This tool The good thing is that the insects die without them noticing.
There are also several traditional methods to get rid of wasps. Experts warn that these methods are used only if the pests have settled in your home for the first time and have not yet multiplied too much.
Home control methods include the following:
- The smell of burnt pine needles - this method of control is suitable for those who do not want to destroy insects and for residents of private houses. If the wasps have settled near the stove, then you need to drown it with pine branches until the wasps fly away. Negative trait– this method will not help immediately and is not available to everyone;
- Tree resin - a red thread is treated with resin and stretched from the nest to the fruit tree;
- Foam is a quick and rather ruthless way to close the entrance and exit from a home polyurethane foam completely, without leaving a single crack, after which the nest is “cut off” and taken to a safe distance;
- Hot water – the nest must be poured with boiling water and taken out of the home. This method very risky, since such an attack on the shelter will enrage them, so before carrying out the procedure it is necessary to wear a protective suit;
- Bag - cover the nest with a thick bag, disconnect it from the surface, seal it with tape at the base and burn it. This method requires quick reactions;
- Kerosene – treat the nest with kerosene, after a while the wasps will die and you can get rid of their shelter.
Conclusion
What do wasp larvae look like to be able to recognize them? They differ little from adult individuals, only they do not have developed legs and wings. But by destroying one larva, you will not be able to get rid of the wasp invasion, so you need to influence the nest itself using folk or chemical methods.
Video: Large wasp larvae
Social wasps usually live in families numbering from several tens to several hundred individuals. They have a division of responsibilities within the community. The queen lays eggs and takes care of the well-being of the offspring, while worker wasps build a nest and hunt. Solitary wasps do everything on their own and spend almost their entire lives without needing the company of their own kind.
Wasp's nest
Wasps build their home for breeding and feeding their offspring, which they take touching care of, providing food and protecting them from the attacks of various predators.
Diversity architectural forms and the materials used by wasps in the construction of nests are so diverse that this can hardly be found anywhere else in nature. The majority of wasps build their home out of paper. The method of obtaining paper was known to wasps long before the discovery of this material by Chinese sages. By chewing pieces of wood, grass and other plant fibers, with the help of enzymes contained in saliva, insects obtain cellulose, from which they make small thin flakes of paper. By gluing them together in a special way, the wasps get paper honeycombs. The honeycomb is attached to the surface directly or through a thin “leg” that helps regulate temperature regime, protecting the nest and the larvae in it from overheating.
Single ground wasps build nests, dig holes in the ground, into which they drag a fat larva, paralyzed by poison, to feed its offspring, and lay an egg on it. The larva, supplied with "live preserves", can develop safely and satisfactorily until pupation.
Carpenter wasps build nests by gnawing holes in rotten wood, finishing the inside surface of the nest with peculiar “ paper wallpaper» for reasons of durability and hygiene. Potter wasps make original “cassettes” from clay for laying eggs. Some types of wasps are even capable of using tools. They pave their nest and cover the entrance to the burrow with small pebbles, which they find and bring into the nest with the help of their powerful mandibles.
Large solitary wasps such as scolias and hornets do not build houses at all. They find huge beetle larvae in heaps of humus and manure and lay their eggs in them. The wasp larva hatches on its own, eats the delicacy preserved for it, and pupates.
This is how smart wasps live - tireless hunters and caring parents.
The family “paper wasps” (another name is “social”) includes two subfamilies: “polistines” and “vespins”. The Vespina subfamily also includes hornets, one of the largest representatives of these insects.
Paper wasps are widespread throughout the world, but most representatives of this family live in Southeast Asia and America. Science knows more than 1000 species of paper wasps, 30 of them live in Russia.
These insects have complex language communication and live in colonies, where each individual is assigned a specific role - protecting the territory, obtaining food and feeding the larvae, building and repairing the nest. Adult insects feed mainly on plant foods, while the larvae are fed animal food.
This division of diets allows insects to avoid food competition between adults and the younger generation, even in conditions of a shortage of any type of food, thereby eliminating the likelihood of death of both from starvation.
Strict hierarchy and division in feeding are signs of highly developed insects. Such features, acquired during evolution, allow a large swarm of wasps to act harmoniously as a single organism and survive in a wide variety of conditions.
Nest material
Wasp's nest most often looks like a gray paper ball or cone. Actually, thanks to this appearance In their home, these wasps are called “paper” wasps.
The ability to act together is not the only feature that allows wasps to build such unusual nests. As building material insects use paper that they make themselves.
To obtain this paper, adult workers grind wood fibers into powder with powerful jaws. Usually they choose an old dried tree for this. Wasps are so skilled in paper production technology that they are able to make 5 versions of it - from the thinnest parchment to thick cardboard.
Start of construction
A wasp nest begins to be built by a female, and sometimes by several females, who unite during construction. Waking up from hibernation early spring, they find suitable place, protected from wind and prying eyes. Most often the choice falls on a branch of a tree, but often females choose abandoned buildings or rarely visited attics residential buildings. It happens that a tree hollow, a rotten stump, or the space behind the cladding becomes a home for the future generation. human habitation or even a burrow of some rodent.
The basis of the future nest is a thin stalk made from the female’s saliva frozen in air. Subsequently, it often remains a clearly visible “leg” on which the paper ball hangs. This stalk firmly attaches the nest to the surface that the female has chosen for attaching the future home. The insect attaches the first 2 wax cells to this stalk - the beginning has been made.
Nest growth
After making the base of the nest, the female flies in search of building material. Having found suitable wood, she releases a drop of saliva onto it, which softens the wood fibers. The wasp scrapes off the pliable wood using its powerful jaws and rolls it into a small ball with its front paws. Moving along a woody surface like a precise mechanism, the wasp leaves behind a clearly visible trail.
The female carries the resulting lumps to the construction site. There she chews the wood again, mixing it with saliva and secretions of special glands. From the material, which becomes completely soft, the wasp makes a paper plate, carefully and evenly kneading the parchment lump with its front paws. The wasp attaches the resulting piece of paper to the base of the nest and flies for a new portion of material.
While building the frame, the female simultaneously lays eggs and feeds the growing larvae. The newly matured wasps join the construction. As soon as the female manages to raise 10 new wasps, she stops building and from that time on only lays eggs, then her children build the nest.
Internal and external device
The strongest part of a wasp nest is the inner one, where the honeycombs with larvae and the queen are located. Wasps make it from thick sheets of parchment with the addition of whole wood chips, which greatly increases the reliability of the entire structure. The outer shell, on the other hand, is made of particularly thin and elastic paper sheets, which are easier to roll out into long strips.
Gradually, the wasp's nest takes on a spherical shape with a single entrance hole at the bottom. From this moment, the wasps begin to expand their home, building new walls on top of the existing frame. Inside the paper ball becomes more spacious. Insects often use parts of the inner layers to build the outer skin.
Wasps not only process all parts of their nest differently, but also often use wood to build external and internal layers. different quality. For example, on external cladding insects can take wood from old wooden fence, and for the internal sections - young branches of a living tree.
The paper wasp is a hardworking and diligent builder, capable of working at a very fast pace. For summer months wasps manage to re-close their nest more than 5 times, significantly increasing its size. Under favorable circumstances, in your unusual house During the summer months, 1 swarm of paper wasps manages to grow about 4 thousand new insects.
Young wasps fly away from their parental home, forming new colonies in other habitable places. And in the old nest only working individuals remain, who, before the onset of cold weather, take care of the queen and repair the hive as necessary.
Scientists name the wasps terrorizing this summer Western Europe, one of the smartest insects.
According to them, wasps have fantastic abilities and attack a person only when he has greatly disturbed them. A wasp can calmly crawl along your hand, feast on jam, and at the same time will not cause you the slightest harm. Unless, of course, you start bullying her yourself. If you kill or injure a wasp, it emits an alarm pheromone - a chemical signal that can call other wasps in the nest, sometimes numbering up to 10 thousand individuals, to help. This is exactly how several people died this summer when they were attacked by “squadrons” of wasps that went on alert.
Unlike bees, wasps are equipped with a poisonous sting that can be used many times. And its poison is capable of causing powerful allergic reaction. Even a dead wasp continues to sting.
But although wasps can be very annoying, and their stings are painful, they are extremely important for maintaining natural balance, as they destroy harmful insects, feeding on them. Without wasps, there would be an invasion of spiders, beetles and flies. To escape from wasps, some insects camouflage themselves, acquiring the same striped predatory coloration.
Wasps build amazing nests, producing a record amount of material for such small creatures, similar to coarse gray paper. They produce it from wood and saliva and fight desperately for their nest, rebuilding if damaged in just a day. The wasp's flight speed is amazing; it flaps its wings up to 247 times per second and, according to British scientists, covers more than 6 meters in a second.
Inside such nests there are usually yellowish larvae sleeping suspended on the web. These nests belong to wasps or osmian bees.
The nests themselves are practically sterile. In addition, they have the ability to repel other insects and even birds and small rodents. It is noteworthy that microorganisms never multiply on such nests, made from the substances produced by the wasp’s body.
TREATMENT WITH A WASP NEST
Scientists have noticed that some wild animals eat such empty wasp nests as food, thereby healing their bodies from diseases. Such sockets are used and traditional healers, preparing medicinal preparations based on them. In principle, you can prepare such a preparation yourself.
To do this, you need to take the entire nest, break it in half and lightly squeeze it. The consistency of such a nest is not hard enough and resembles a thick cobweb. Place the resulting halves in a jar and fill with alcohol, vodka or moonshine.
This infusion can be used as a rub for arthritis, inflammation in the joints, rheumatism, radiculitis, etc. Good for pneumonia. In this case, you need to thoroughly rub your back and chest. Alcohol tincture Wasp nests can be stored indefinitely. This only makes it even better and more effective.
In principle, the infusion can also be taken orally - one teaspoon several times a day. The concentration can be very strong if alcohol is used instead of moonshine or vodka, so the dose of infusion in this case should be reduced to 15 drops diluted in 50 grams of water.
Taking the infusion orally helps boost immunity and prevents inflammation in the body. The infusion is effective for respiratory diseases, asthma and acute respiratory infections.
A person who regularly takes an infusion of wasp nests orally practically stops getting sick. colds. When a flu epidemic begins, you can start drinking the infusion ahead of time.
In addition to everything described above, this infusion of wasp nests has one more property: if taken orally regularly, it normalizes stool and “kills” bad smell.
You can even take baths from the infusion. Moreover, one wasp nest is quite enough for one bath. It is enough for a person to simply lie in a “wasp” bath for about 20 minutes, and his muscle pain will disappear, and his body will acquire lightness. However, you should not overuse baths. Optimal mode taking a bath from a wasp nest - one to two baths per month.
If it is not possible to prepare an infusion with alcohol, then you can use powder obtained from wasp nests. This powder works great as a powder for burns and severe cuts.
Wasp nest powder can be used in problem areas bodies. For example, sweaty feet should be rubbed with powder and put on socks and not take them off for 24 hours. Usually, a couple of such procedures are quite enough for the unpleasant odor to completely disappear.
It is advisable to know that medicinal preparations can only be made from those nests that were made from cellulose and their own secretions. Those nests that were made from clay, plants, etc. are unsuitable as a starting material for preparing an infusion.
Some peoples prepare balls from nettle fibers ground with a wasp nest. For headaches, they are set on fire and applied to the body, apparently as a distraction. Maybe, healing effect renders smoke. The Nanais make powder from wasp nests to treat wounds. Wasps are also actively used in folk medicine China.