For some, the time of sowing seeds for seedlings is a long-awaited and nice chores, for some it is a difficult necessity, while others are wondering whether it would be easier to buy ready seedlings at the market or with friends? Be that as it may, even if you gave up growing vegetable crops, for sure, you will still have to sow something. These are flowers and perennials, conifers and much more. A seedling is still a seedling, no matter what you sow.
amateur humid air and one of the most compact and rare orchids pafinia is a real star for most orchid growers. Its flowering rarely lasts longer than a week, but it can be an unforgettable sight. You want to look at the unusual striped patterns on the huge flowers of a modest orchid endlessly. IN indoor culture pafinia is rightly ranked among the difficult-to-grow species. It became fashionable only with the spread of interior terrariums.
Pumpkin ginger marmalade is a warming sweet that can be prepared almost all year round. Pumpkin keeps for a long time - sometimes I manage to save a few vegetables until summer, fresh ginger and lemons are always available these days. Lemon can be replaced with lime or orange to create different flavors - variety in sweets is always nice. The finished marmalade is placed in dry jars; it can be stored at room temperature, but it is always healthier to prepare fresh products.
In 2014, the Japanese company Takii seed introduced petunia with a striking petal color - salmon-orange. By association with bright colors southern sunset sky, the unique hybrid is called African Sunset. Needless to say, this petunia instantly won the hearts of gardeners and was in great demand. But in the last two years, the curiosity has suddenly disappeared from store windows. Where did the orange petunia go?
In our family sweet pepper they love it, that’s why we plant it every year. Most of the varieties that I grow have been tested by me for more than one season; I cultivate them constantly. I also try to try something new every year. Pepper is a heat-loving plant and quite whimsical. Varietal and hybrid varieties of tasty and productive sweet peppers, which grow well for me, will be discussed further. I live in middle lane Russia.
Meat cutlets with broccoli in béchamel sauce - great idea for a quick lunch or dinner. Start by preparing the mince and at the same time heat 2 liters of water to a boil to blanch the broccoli. By the time the cutlets are fried, the cabbage will be ready. All that remains is to collect the ingredients in a frying pan, season with sauce and bring to readiness. Broccoli needs to be cooked quickly to preserve its bright green color, which, when cooked for a long time, either fades or the cabbage turns brown.
Home floriculture- not only exciting process, but also a very troublesome hobby. And, as a rule, the more experience a grower has, the healthier his plants look. What should those who have no experience but want to have a home do? indoor plants- not elongated, stunted specimens, but beautiful and healthy ones, not causing a feeling of guilt with their fading? For beginners and gardeners who are not burdened long experience, I’ll tell you about the main mistakes that are easy to avoid.
Lush cheesecakes in a frying pan with banana-apple confiture - another recipe for everyone’s favorite dish. To prevent cheesecakes from falling off after cooking, remember a few simple rules. Firstly, only fresh and dry cottage cheese, secondly, no baking powder or soda, thirdly, the thickness of the dough - you can sculpt from it, it is not tight, but pliable. Good dough with a small amount of flour you will only get good cottage cheese, but here again see the “firstly” point.
It is no secret that many drugs from pharmacies have migrated to summer cottages. Their use, at first glance, seems so exotic that some summer residents are perceived with hostility. At the same time, potassium permanganate is a long-known antiseptic that is used in both medicine and veterinary medicine. In plant growing, a solution of potassium permanganate is used both as an antiseptic and as a fertilizer. In this article we will tell you how to properly use potassium permanganate in the garden.
Meat salad pork with mushrooms - a rural dish that can often be found on festive table in the village. This recipe is with champignons, but if possible, use forest mushrooms, then be sure to cook it this way, it will be even tastier. You don’t need to spend a lot of time preparing this salad - put the meat in a pan for 5 minutes and another 5 minutes for slicing. Everything else happens practically without the participation of the cook - the meat and mushrooms are boiled, cooled, and marinated.
Cucumbers grow well not only in a greenhouse or conservatory, but also in open ground. Typically, cucumbers are sown from mid-April to mid-May. Harvesting in this case is possible from mid-July to the end of summer. Cucumbers cannot tolerate frost. That's why we don't sow them too early. However, there is a way to bring their harvest closer and taste the juicy beauties from your garden at the beginning of summer or even in May. It is only necessary to take into account some of the features of this plant.
Poliscias – great alternative classic variegated shrubs and trees. The elegant round or feathery leaves of this plant create a strikingly festive curly crown, and its elegant silhouettes and rather modest character make it an excellent candidate for the role of the largest plant in the house. More large leaves do not prevent it from successfully replacing Benjamin and Co. ficuses. Moreover, polyscias offers much more variety.
Pumpkin cinnamon casserole is juicy and incredibly tasty, a little like pumpkin pie, but unlike pie, it is more tender and just melts in your mouth! This is the perfect sweet recipe for a family with children. As a rule, kids don’t really like pumpkin, but they never mind eating something sweet. Sweet pumpkin casserole is a delicious and healthy dessert, which, moreover, is very simple and quick to prepare. Try it! You'll love it!
A hedge is not only one of essential elements landscape design. It also performs various protective functions. If, for example, the garden borders a road, or there is a highway nearby, then hedge simply necessary. “Green walls” will protect the garden from dust, noise, wind and create a special comfort and microclimate. In this article we will look at optimal plants to create a hedge that can reliably protect the area from dust.
Raspberry is a family of roses, it is a subshrub with straight stems and oval leaves, but it is not only the botanical description that is interesting, but more so its taste. Raspberries are considered among adults and children in warm time one of the best years. Raspberry bushes can be found not only in forest clearings, but also in garden plots. Raspberries planted on garden plot allows you to collect not only berries, but also leaves, which can be brewed and get a tasty and healthy drink.
Benefits of raspberries
The raspberry fruit is the final stage of flowering of this plant. After the raspberry flower fades, a fruit begins to form on the plant, which consists of a sufficiently large number of juicy small berries. Thus, from a botanical point of view, the raspberry is a variety of small pieces, which have grown together.
These fruits are collected on the edges of forests, as well as in clearings, in the mountains, especially after windbreaks and fires.
Raspberries are also grown in garden plots, in some areas that belong to temperate climate, raspberries grow well near fences or any buildings. Raspberry fruits are usually harvested after they are ripe. In central Russia, this period occurs in July, but some raspberry bushes continue to bear fruit until mid-August. It is optimal to pick raspberries only in dry weather. If dew has fallen overnight or it has rained, the raspberry fruits are harvested after the moisture has dried. If you want to preserve raspberries for autumn-winter period, should be dried using special means, or in an oven, including a Russian one, at a temperature of 50–80 ᵒС heat. The raspberries are constantly mixed.
Some people also dry the leaves along with the raspberry fruits, as they contain:
- Useful substances;
- Ascorbic acid;
- Vitamins.
The collected fruits are sorted, damaged and overripe ones are removed. After this, the fruits, as well as the leaves, are placed on a baking sheet and dried in the sun. After the fruits have slightly dried, they are further dried in a stove or oven at a temperature of approximately 50-60 ᵒC. After the raspberries have dried, they should be stored in a cool, dry place. It is advisable to transfer the finished raspberries into linen bags.
Properties of raspberries
Regular raspberries have many beneficial properties. One of them is the diaphoretic effect, and raspberry fruits help remove excess uric acid salts from the human body and improve digestion.
Also raspberry fruits human body have an effect:
- Antiseptic;
- Antipyretic;
- Anti-inflammatory.
In addition, raspberries contain many useful substances and vitamins. Raspberry leaves contain various organic acids, tannins and various mineral salts. All this helps remove toxins from the body. As well as berries and raspberry leaves, properly brewed, can lower the temperature in case of colds.
Raspberry leaves have beneficial properties if they are properly collected and dried.
Used in decoctions to treat a variety of colds, as well as for stomatitis. Raspberry berries and leaves in women help normalize the functioning of all smooth muscles. This herbaceous plant, thanks to the fiber contained in berries, has positive influence throughout the entire digestive tract. Also, raspberries, due to the content of iron, magnesium and copper, contribute to the production of hemoglobin and the normalization of the entire process of hematopoiesis.
Raspberry essential oil: properties
Raspberry seed oil contains large number vitamins, minerals and fatty acids. This oil can also protect the skin from sun rays. Found raspberry oil wide application in cosmetology, as it perfectly softens the skin and improves it appearance. Also essential oil Raspberries help restore collagen and promote healing minor scratches and wound. Raspberry oil is obtained from its seeds by cold pressing. Moreover, in wild raspberry seeds the percentage of oil content in the seeds is higher than in garden raspberries.
There are other beneficial properties of raspberry oil:
- Improving blood circulation;
- With constant rubbing of oil, the skin becomes softer and more elastic;
- Blackheads, age spots and freckles are eliminated.
Rub raspberry oil into the scalp as it restores lipid balance. Hair begins to grow faster and becomes silkier in appearance. In some cases, raspberry oil can relieve a person of dandruff.
Raspberry oil can be mixed with other essential oils; it is also used for massage, adding it to massage or anti-cellulite cream.
Raspberry oil is a good natural remedy that will rejuvenate your skin and, accordingly, your appearance. Raspberry oil can be used for almost any skin type, including flaking or irritation. But to achieve a lasting effect, regular use is required.
Raspberries: medicinal uses
Due to the fact that raspberries consist of many useful components, they are widely used in medicine. Since ancient times, raspberry leaves and dry berries, and sometimes even roots, have been used for colds, as a diaphoretic and antipyretic.
In addition to this, in folk medicine Raspberries are used in the treatment of:
- Asthma;
- Allergies;
- Otitis.
The characteristics of the beneficial substances of raspberries are simply amazing; they contain fatty and organic acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and many other useful substances. Raspberries are used in the treatment of the liver. In particular, the substances contained in raspberries are able to regulate oxidation processes and reduce cholesterol levels in this organ.
The use of raspberry decoctions has a positive effect on people who suffer from anemia and who have problems with the gastrointestinal tract.
In the initial period of diabetes development, raspberry juice is an excellent help, which is drunk before meals, first in small portions, then the dose is increased to one glass. There is another description of the various folk recipes there are no contraindications to the use of leaves, fruits, roots of this plant, and practically no contraindications for treatment with raspberries, but sometimes they may arise allergic reactions or individual intolerance to fruits and leaves.
Properties of common raspberry (video)
Raspberries, in addition to their taste, have many other beneficial properties, while any special care or special cultivation of bushes is not required. It is enough to tie the shrubs together for the winter, and in the spring to untie and remove dry shoots and leaves.
If you conduct a survey among Russians on the topic: “What is your favorite berry?”, raspberries will undoubtedly take one of the leading places. It is unpretentious and winter-hardy, bears fruit abundantly. A raspberry bush, depending on the variety, can be low (about 1.5 m), medium (no more than 2 m) and high (more than 2 m).
Description of raspberries
It is a deciduous shrub with a perennial rhizome from which biennial stems grow. The rhizome is woody, sinuous, with numerous adventitious roots that form a powerful and branched system.
Common raspberries have erect stems. Young shoots are herbaceous, they are colored green with a bluish coating, quite juicy, they are covered with thin miniature spines.
The leaves are oval-shaped, petiolate, alternate, compound, having from 3 to 7 ovate leaflets. They are dark green above, the lower part is whitish, covered with small hairs.
Raspberry common blooms small white flowers. They gather in racemose inflorescences located at the tops of the stems.
The raspberry is a small, hairy drupe fused into a complex fruit. It appears not only on shoots that have already reached two years of age. In the south of our country, berries also appear on first-year trees in mid-autumn. These shoots acquire brown and become woody, fruit-bearing branches appear from the axils of the leaves, on which there are flower buds. After fruiting, the side branches dry out, but new stems grow from the same root the next year.
Variety of varieties
Today there are more than two hundred and fifty species of raspberries. All of them are frost-resistant and able to tolerate drought. In addition, they have different terms When fruits ripen, they differ in color and size of berries, which do not always have the characteristic crimson color. Today, no one will be surprised by yellow, orange and even black berries. Such species are distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. About thirty species and several hybrids are cultivated in Russia. Therefore, every gardener can grow the variety that he likes best on his plot.
Selection of seedlings
We would like to say right away that this is a very responsible event. Selecting raspberry seedlings from the variety presented is not easy, so this issue should be approached very responsibly. It is more advisable to choose small specimens with two or three shoots and well-developed roots.
It is necessary to plant raspberry seedlings very quickly after purchase, after keeping them for some time in a root growth stimulator. If the bushes are purchased late autumn, then it is better to postpone planting raspberries until spring. During this time, the seedlings are placed in slightly damp sawdust and left in an unheated room. It is important that the temperature in it does not rise above +4 °C. Otherwise, young bushes may die.
Raspberries - planting, care
This work can be done early spring, before buds form, or in September-October, when replacement buds are already formed.
Prepare a hole measuring 40 x 40 x 50 cm. Plants are planted in such holes at a distance of fifty centimeters between the bushes. Rotted manure is placed at its bottom, then 60-70 g of potassium sulfate and 150 g of double superphosphate are added. To this you can add 400 g of ash (wood). The indicated volume is enough for 3-4 pits.
We can say that the raspberry planting is complete. Now the seedlings should be watered abundantly and trimmed so that their height does not exceed 25 cm. Mulching the soil will help them take root. Caring for young plants consists of regular but shallow weeding of the soil, timely watering and removal of weeds.
Trimming
Growing raspberries is not difficult. Even a novice gardener who has mastered the simple rules can cope with it.
In spring the plant needs pruning. At this time, all parts of the shoots damaged by frost should be removed to healthy buds. By trimming the tops by fifteen centimeters, you thereby stimulate the bush to form new fruit-bearing branches. Growing raspberries is impossible without pruning; it is very useful for this plant. Some experienced gardeners believe that after fruiting it is necessary to cut off all the shoots that produced berries. This procedure rejuvenates the bush and guarantees more high yield for next year.
Why does a raspberry need support?
It is necessary for the full growth of the bush. It is best to use wire or rope for this purpose, stretched between posts that are installed along the edges of the row. The first row of supports is tensioned at a height of fifty to seventy centimeters, the next at a height of one and a half meters. Young shoots are carefully straightened and fixed to supports as they grow.
Raspberry care - fertilizer
So, raspberries have appeared in your garden. Caring for it should be regular throughout the year. This plant needs soil fertilization. Every year in the fall or spring, 20 grams of potassium sulfate, 5 kilograms of humus and 25 grams of superphosphate should be added to the soil. This is the norm for one square meter. If you notice that your raspberries are growing too slowly, plant care can be supplemented by adding bird droppings or manure in early summer. Remontant raspberries require a doubling of all specified norms for active fruiting.
Reproduction
This plant can be propagated quite easily. To do this, you can use cuttings with buds. They can be either green or woody. In addition, root cuttings can be used.
They are cut at the root, dipped in a solution of a growth stimulator and planted for rooting. Root shoots are separated when they reach 15-20 cm in length. This usually happens in early June. They must be carefully dug up and planted in a new place. At this time it is quite hot weather, so the seedlings should be watered every day until they take root.
To propagate by root cuttings, you need to take a root 0.5 cm thick, cut it into pieces (20 cm each) and plant it in a prepared groove.
Many gardeners have encountered a situation where common raspberries sprout offspring in the most unexpected places. And this state of affairs is not at all pleasing. It is possible to combat this problem. To do this, it is necessary to regularly remove unwanted growth. There are more effective way, allowing you to forget about this problem. Such processes appear at a depth of about twenty-five centimeters, so a barrier must be installed. It is usually made from slate. Set it to a depth of thirty centimeters; the shoots will no longer grow beyond the fenced area.
Raspberry remontant
No one can extend the summer. But everyone can enjoy plenty of aromatic berries. To do this, it is necessary that remontant raspberries grow on your site. She will delight you with a fragrant harvest three times a summer.
Choosing a landing site
Just like common raspberries, remontant species should be planted in a bright, sunny area. Otherwise she won't give good harvest. It's better to put her on south side your garden. A nearby fence will protect the plant from drafts and wind.
The soil should be loose and fertile, allowing moisture and oxygen to pass well to the roots of the bush. If the soil is not too rich in minerals, it must be fertilized, compost, peat, and sand must be added. In this case, the raspberry will delight you with its exquisite taste and aroma.
Harvesting cuttings
Cuttings for propagation remontant raspberries harvested in the spring. To do this, it is better to take shoots with low aboveground part(5 cm) after the rosette of leaves has fully formed. Larger shoots take root much less well because their growth has already begun.
Carefully trim and remove the cutting along with a lump of earth. Sprinkle the cut charcoal. You cannot put cuttings in water or wash them. Loosen well, slightly moisten and fertilize the soil. After 3 weeks, the cuttings will begin to take root.
Caring for remontant raspberries
The productivity of this raspberry largely depends on regular watering. It should be watered thoroughly so that the soil is saturated with moisture to the very roots. In hot weather, you need to water the bushes more often, and in rainy or damp weather less often. During flowering and berry formation, watering should again be intense.
Most effective method watering - drip. It doses the water supply, the moisture reaches the roots well and the soil is moistened more evenly. In addition, water is used more economically with this type of irrigation.
Preparing for winter
Remontant, like common raspberries, needs mulching before the onset of cold weather. To do this, you need to use only organic products: humus, sawdust, manure, hay.
Mulching is carried out after pruning. This will protect the root system from severe frosts. In spring, the mulch does not need to be removed - it will become good nutrition during the growth of the bush.
What is wrong with raspberries?
The gardener must be well versed in this matter in order to notice the first signs of the disease and help the plant necessary help. Raspberry diseases are typical of many fruit-bearing bushes. Get to know them too.
Anthracnose. This disease affects very young shoots, berries, and leaves. Round (oval) depressed spots appear on the shoots. At first they are colored purple, and then gray. The spots have a red-violet edge. Dotted spots appear on the leaves, and small sores appear on the berries, which then dry out. After this, the leaves and petioles die. The berries also dry out.
White spotting. Many raspberry diseases are well known experienced gardeners, including white spot. The disease develops on leaves and stems. Whitish round spots appear framed by a thin brownish border. In the center of such a spot, the tissue crumbles. Vague whitish spots appear on the stems, the bark on them cracks and peels off. If the attack is very severe, the stems will die.
Purple spotting. The causative agent of this disease overwinters on plant debris. It affects buds, stems, leaf petioles, and less commonly the leaves themselves. Light purple spots appear on annual shoots, which gradually acquire a red-brown tint. They grow, merge and, without treatment, cover up to 1/3 of the shoot.
Gray rot. This disease affects shoots and berries. Usually the disease begins during the period of active flowering. Berries affected by this disease rot and are not suitable for use. Young shoots are covered with elongated spots. On the affected areas in winter, the bark cracks, and black bodies of the fungus can be seen in the cracks. During the winter such shoots die.
As you can see, raspberries are susceptible to many diseases. Planting this plant in your garden also requires high-quality care for it. Only in this case will you get a good harvest.
Useful properties of raspberries
Very tasty and fragrant berries This plant contains citric, malic, formic, salicylic and caproic acids, vitamins C and B, sucrose, glucose, carotene, fructose, tannins. The seeds contain more than 15% fatty oils.
The antipyretic and diaphoretic effect of raspberries is explained by the fact that it contains salicylic acid. Tea made from dried fruits is excellent for treating colds. Traditional healers Raspberries are used to improve digestion, for anemia, scurvy, and stomach pain.
Infusions and decoctions of the leaves are taken as an astringent for stomach disorders, uterine and gastric bleeding, inflammation of the intestines, and gargling helps with sore throat.
A decoction of flowers is used as a wash for erysipelas. It is also used for conjunctivitis to wash the eyes. An infusion of flowers and leaves is used for hemorrhoids and some gynecological diseases.
Humanity has known about this plant for a long time. Raspberry seeds were found by archaeologists while excavating settlements of the Bronze and Stone Ages. Although in those days, consumers most likely were not particularly interested in growing raspberries. The Roman writer Pliny (1st century AD), who talks about its cultivation in Central Asia, also has information about wild raspberries.
Despite the fact that raspberries were originally wild plant, the Greeks and Romans knew about the beneficial properties of berries and used them for various purposes. For example, with the help of these berries, many diseases, scorpion and snake bites were cured. In the sixteenth century Western Europe raspberry cultivation began. They began to transplant it from forests to gardens at monasteries. From the seventeenth century they began to appear different varieties raspberries Gardeners began to take a serious interest in this plant.
Types and varieties of raspberries
The raspberry bush is a plant with a perennial root system, reaching a height of about two meters. The main varieties of shrubs are divided according to the following significant indicators:
according to the ratio of berry size - to varieties with large fruits and with traditional ones;
according to the ratio in fruiting - remontant varieties and traditional ones.
Naturally, everyone varieties and types has its disadvantages and advantages. Traditional types of raspberries are considered not particularly demanding. They survive severe frosts remarkably well, reproduce well, releasing several young shoots from the root system every year. However, the berries are not large in size. Their weight is only 3-4 grams.
Varieties that bear large berries give a good harvest. Fruit weight is from 4-12 grams. It happens that on single shoots, the weight of the fruit reaches 20 grams. Often, large-fruited raspberry branches branch. As a result, five shoots can come from one branch, which will also bear fruit well. The most recognized and popular variety The Izobilny variety is considered to be a large-fruited variety. Large-fruited varieties are famous for their good taste qualities, pleasant and sweet aroma.
Remontant raspberries produce crops twice a year. Moreover, the berries from the second harvest will be larger in size than from the first harvest. Surprisingly, you can collect the fruits of the second harvest right up to severe frosts.
Depending on the variety, any type of raspberry can be either sweet or sweet and sour, according to the duration of ripening - late, mid-early and early, with berries colored yellow, red and black. If you want to plant early variety raspberries - buy, you won’t regret it, Cumberland or Izobilny varieties.
These two varieties have fairly large fruits and survive frosts well. Abundant raspberries will delight you with bright red fruits, and Cumberland will surprise you with black berries. Both varieties will survive transportation remarkably well if necessary and will not lose their presentation.
Let's get to know each other better mid-early varieties raspberries In the CIS markets this type presented in the following varieties:
Arbat - produces a large number of large berries, weighing about 18 grams, but does not survive severe frosts very well;
Yellow giant - bears fruit with light-colored berries yellow, belongs to the remontant species, fruits are about 8 grams;
Lilac fog - beyond control viral diseases, variety with large berries, weighing up to 10 grams.
Now not much about late ripening varieties. In this form, the following varieties should be noted:
Arabesque - a bush up to two meters high, berries are burgundy-red, fruits weigh up to 8 grams, undemanding in care and planting;
Tarusa - the height of this tree variety reaches 2.5 meters, the berries are bright red, the bush does not need supports, the berries are unpretentious during transportation.
Raspberry planting and care
Raspberry seedlings should be planted in a place that is not very shaded, in a couple of rows, after which the bushes should be tied. The gap between them should be approximately 70 cm, and the row spacing should be at least 2 m. The depth of the hole should be 70 cm.
Two seedlings can be planted in each such hole - this will contribute to earlier and better harvest. Good for planting sandy soil, with a minimum content of clay impurities. Unfortunately, raspberry bushes will not take root in soil with standing water.
Humus must be placed in the dug hole and filled with water. While water is being absorbed into the soil, the seedling is trimmed, leaving a height of 15 cm from the root. Of course, with such a low stem, the plant will not bear fruit in the first year of life, but this procedure will make it possible for the rhizome to strengthen and overwinter painlessly. After graduation planting work raspberry bush in mandatory water and mulch. The mulching process should not be neglected - it will make it possible to retain all the nutrients and beneficial substances in the layers of black soil.
Secrets of getting a good harvest
Any varieties different types and crossbreeding, will reduce fruiting or stop yielding altogether if you neglect the care of raspberries in spring and summer. In summer, an enemy of plants can become high temperature- plants of this species cannot tolerate insufficient soil moisture. It follows from this that you need to water raspberries constantly - before flowering, before ripening and during the ripening period of the berries. On average, the amount of water poured should be 30-40 l/m2 at a time.
The black soil in the place where the raspberries are planted needs to be constantly fertilized and loosened. It is necessary to nourish the soil in a raspberry garden with fertilizers both in spring and autumn. We should not forget about regular tying and shaping of the resulting bush.
An important, significant point in care is the preparation of the shrub for winter. When preparing remontant varieties, you need to remove the entire part located above the ground. And the shoots of cold-resistant varieties are simply bent and hidden under a layer of snow.
There are several ways to increase the number of fruits of remontant varieties. In order to have time to grow and harvest them, you need:
buy raspberries (seedlings) of high-yielding varieties,
plant remontant bushes preferably in soil well fertilized with organic matter;
in the spring you need to remove the snow around the bush, and when sprouts appear, cover them with film.
Sticking not very well complex rules With care, you can grow raspberries without much physical activity.
To ensure that the berries are not dry and small, the bushes need to be watered according to the rules. The problem is that the part of the plant located above the soil has sufficient area for evaporation. It is clear that because of this root system, located not deep at all, will not be able to provide the plant with enough moisture to ripen the crop.
The amount and frequency of watering directly depends on the air temperature and the amount of precipitation. The largest amount of water is needed by raspberries during flowering, fruit formation and, of course, during their ripening - for most varieties this time begins at the end of May and lasts until the beginning of June. If you follow the rules of watering and fertilizing the soil, the fruits will larger size than raspberry bushes with improper watering.
When long time The weather is hot, the bushes begin to fade - this is the first sign that they do not have enough moisture. The ground under the bush needs to be watered constantly. In case of prolonged drought, it is necessary to water so that the water penetrates to a depth of at least 30 cm (this is the depth at which the root system is located). After such watering, waiting until the water comes in, you need to loosen the top 5 cm of soil under the bush. This procedure will allow the root system to receive oxygen.
Watering raspberries
The most the best option When watering raspberry bushes, it is considered to water along previously dug ditches, the location of which is determined by the age of the plant and the structure of the black soil. Fruit-bearing raspberries already have a well-developed rhizome up to 2 m in diameter in the third year after planting. It follows from this that grooves need to be made between the rows. If the soil under the raspberry tree is heavy, then make one groove in the center between the rows, and if it is light, then you can make several, placing them 70 cm from the row. The depth of the groove is 9-12 cm, the amount of water for each meter will be 3-4 buckets. For watering, you should take water that has stood in the sun, it is better absorbed by the roots.
Starting from the end of August, watering raspberries should be stopped; during this period there will be enough precipitation. Excess moisture will interfere with the formation of shoots and may reduce their resistance to frost. And also excess moisture may contribute to the development of diseases. At the end summer period It is recommended to water raspberries only if the weather is still hot and there is no promise of rain.
Pests
In those places where shrubs grow and bear fruit, pests will appear in any case. Malina, unfortunately, was not spared this fact either. Here are some of the most aggressive pests:
- Raspberry stem fly is one of the the most dangerous pests for raspberries. This is an insect about 0.6 cm long that devours young stems. In May, flies lay eggs on the leaves. The larvae that appear later gnaw through the stem and descend into it to the base of the shoot. After which the shoots rot and die.
The raspberry beetle lives in winter top layer black soil At the end of spring, beetles gather on bushes, eating leaves, buds and flowers.
The raspberry-strawberry weevil, with the arrival of spring, begins to devour leaves and buds. Females lay eggs in the buds, destroying the peduncle.
Raspberry shoot aphids - satisfying their appetites, deform the shoots and cause the leaves to curl.
Raspberry leaf aphid- lives in small groups on shoots or leaves and, worst of all, carries viral diseases.
Raspberry shoot gall midge is one of the most famous pests. The eggs they lay in various parts of the shoot form an infection, manifested by brown spots and drying of the shoots.
Spider mite - feeds on the sap of stems and leaves, wraps them in cobwebs.
To combat raspberry pests, treatment with special means is necessary. The best prevention will ongoing care, removing contaminated parts, digging up soil and removing debris during the process.
Raspberry diseases
Most common viral diseases:
Bushiness. Cicadas infect this disease. The stems are low and thin, the lateral branches are poorly developed, the leaves are affected. Infected bushes do not bear fruit.
Curly. Infection occurs from aphids. The shoots have normal look, the leaves are very deformed, the berries are altered in shape and sour in taste.
Mosaic. Infection occurs from the same aphid. Both shoots and leaves are affected. The foliage turns yellow. Plants with mosaics are stunted in growth, the leaves are modified, the shoots are thin and weak, the fruits are dry and have no taste.
Ring spot. The carrier is a nematode. The virus infects the plant and soil. Initially appears on the leaves, changing their color and shape. The harvest quantity is very low. A healthy plant may well receive it through contaminated soil.
Infectious chlorosis. The carrier is aphids. When chlorosis occurs, the leaves begin to turn yellow first. By mid-summer the bush is almost entirely yellow. The berries are very poorly developed.
In densely planted raspberry trees, infection often occurs with pathogenic fungi, which love poorly ventilated places.
Means for combating raspberry diseases wide range offer stores specialized in selling plant protection products. Caring for raspberries in the spring must include preventive treatment.
Common fungal diseases:
Anthracnose. Shoots and leaves turn brown and soon dry out. In autumn, the fungus forms black spots on plants and overwinters on the remains of affected stems.
Septoria (raspberry white spot). The disease affects both leaves and stems, covering them with brown round spots, which over time change color to almost white with a black, already familiar, dot. After septoria, the plant cannot survive the winter, but the fungus does not die, but goes on to infect other shrubs.
Rust. This is a disease of leaves and shoots. Appears as yellow bumps on outside leaves. In the summer, warmer period, it forms on inside The leaf has similar tubercles, but is already rusty-brown in color. On the stem, near the root, lesions similar to ulcers appear.
The fight against these diseases is basically the same - following planting rules, thinning, removing and burning infected plants, cleaning the area, digging up the soil and applying phosphate fertilizers, spraying.
About the beneficial properties of raspberries and preparations for the winter
Raspberries are very healthy, they are rich in vitamins, glucose and organic acids, pectin, fiber, tannins, minerals and trace elements. Berries, flowers and young stems have long been used in folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of ARVI and colds, manifestations of radiculitis and neuralgia. Systematic consumption of berries nourishes the body folic acid. In addition, raspberries have antidepressant properties.
Wonderful, very tasty raspberry jam is prepared from the berries. The berries can also be frozen or dried. Frozen raspberries can be used in winter to make pies or dumplings, or you can make compote from them. Tea with frozen or dried raspberries will help cure a cold or acute respiratory viral infection faster. It is very useful for diabetics to consume raspberries throughout the year - they can lower blood sugar levels in humans.
Flowering time: June - July. The fruits of common raspberries ripen in July - August.
Spreading: Raspberries are found wild in the European part of the country, the Caucasus, Siberia and Central Asia. Common raspberries are widely cultivated as berry plant. The homeland of the plant is central Europe.
Place of growth: Raspberries grow in shady forests, among bushes, along forest edges, clearings, river banks, and in ravines. Common raspberries are cultivated in gardens.
Applicable part: fruits, leaves, flowers and roots.
Collection time: Raspberry leaves and flowers are collected in June - July, fruits in July - August, roots - in autumn.
Chemical composition: common raspberry fruits contain organic acids - salicylic, malic, citric, formic, nylon, sugars (glucose - up to 4.3%, fructose - up to 8%, sucrose - up to 6.5%), tannins (up to 0.3% ), pectin, nitrogenous and coloring substances, potassium salts, copper, cyanine chloride, acetoin, benzaldehyde, vitamin C (up to 45 mg%), carotene (up to 0.3 mg%), B vitamins and essential oil. Common raspberry seeds contain fatty oil (up to 14.6%) and phytosterol (about 0.4%).
Collection and preparation: Raspberry fruits and leaves are harvested for medicinal purposes. The fruits must be collected in dry weather, after the dew has dried.
The collected fruits are cleaned from the receptacle and leaves, separating spoiled and overripe ones. Dry in the sun, spreading it in a thin layer on paper. Next, dry in dryers or ovens at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. If, when kneading in the hand, the fruits do not stain the skin, such fruits are considered sufficiently dried. Shelf life - 2 years. Leaves and flowers are collected in June and dried outdoors in the shade or in a well-ventilated area. Their shelf life is 1 year.
Contraindications: urolithiasis (nephritis), gout and individual intolerance to raspberries.
Application:
Raspberry like medicine has been used since ancient times. Dry raspberries brewed like tea have long been considered a good diaphoretic and antipyretic for colds. Raspberry fruits improve appetite, regulate the activity of the stomach and intestines, soothe pain in gastrointestinal tract and are used when intoxicated (“against hops”). The fruits also have antiemetic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
In folk medicine in many countries, infusion of raspberry fruits is taken as a diaphoretic and antipyretic for colds, fever and headaches. An infusion of raspberry fruits is used as an antiscorbutic and as a means of stimulating appetite and regulating the activity of the stomach and intestines.
A decoction of raspberry roots is drunk for malaria and as a hemostatic for hemorrhoids.
Raspberry leaves have an astringent (fixing), anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, hemostatic and “blood purifying” effect.
An infusion or decoction of raspberry leaves is taken for diarrhea, stomach bleeding, cough, respiratory diseases and fever. An infusion of leaves is also drunk for rashes, acne, lichen and other skin diseases and gargled for sore throats.
Raspberry flowers have anti-inflammatory and antitoxic properties.
A decoction of raspberry flowers is used to wash the face for acne, as a lotion for the eyes for inflammation, and to treat erysipelas. In the past, an infusion of raspberry flowers was drunk as an antidote for bites. poisonous snakes and scorpions. An infusion of flowers and an infusion of raspberry leaves are also used internally for women's diseases and hemorrhoids.
A decoction of raspberry leaves with potash dyes hair black.
Directions for use:
Brew 4 teaspoons of common raspberry leaves or fruits with 2 cups of boiling water, leave for several hours in a closed container, strain. Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day. Drink the infusion warm.