The first conventional chipboards appeared back in 1918. Thanks to progress over the years, materials have become better and more reliable; moisture-resistant laminated boards are now available for the production of various products. There are many types of slabs made from wood. These include MDF and chipboard with different characteristics and its characteristics.
In order for the choice of material for your own closet or chest of drawers to be meaningful, you need to know the advantages and disadvantages of furniture materials.
Laminated particle boards based on thermosetting polymers are the main and often used material for the production of mass furnishing elements in industry, and it is also widely used in construction. Such plates are quite resistant to mechanical and chemical influences (gasoline, acetone, water, solvents, alcohol, acid, coffee and other substances). From this we can conclude that laminated chipboard is an excellent raw material for the production of medical, laboratory, educational, household and office furniture.
Due to its low cost and excellent construction properties, chipboard is the most widely used material for the manufacture of economy-class furniture.
Laminated chipboard is a material made from natural wood. This is the same chipboard, but sanded whiter, with a durable melamine film on the surface. That is, their main difference is the coating. When it is pressed into the structure of the board itself, it makes it more moisture resistant and much stronger. This is a “loose” raw material, its cost is budget, and in terms of design, due to the film and coating, it is possible to achieve various color schemes, including those with natural wood patterns. It is widely used in the production of cabinet products for the kitchen, office, home, and other home interior items as the main material. Stands for exhibitions, furniture for the interior of shops, pharmacies and supermarkets are made from it. The same thing happens with MDF, but such boards are more expensive.
Most office furniture is made from chipboard.
Chipboard board lamination is carried out different colors and different textures:
fantasy vector decors;
- geometry;
- ornaments;
- plain papers;
- drawings and wood imitation.
However, this material also has its disadvantages - harmful formaldehyde emissions.
The decorative film for cladding is impregnated with resin and is made of special decorative paper, density 60-90 g/m2.
Lamination - application process decorative covering under pressure and temperature.
Lamination takes place in a press. During the pressing process, the paper becomes denser; its properties are on par with plastic. A dense glossy film is formed on top, and the same film is formed on the bottom, but with a different structure - adhesive. The coating of laminated boards is quite durable and is formed due to the spreading of resin over the entire surface of the chipboard at a pressure of 25-28 MPa and a temperature of 140-210°C. For production, their width cannot be less than 10 mm, but not more than 22 mm. When laminating a chipboard, aldehyde vapors, which are harmful to the environment, are not released.
Lamination is considered more reliable and in an expensive way manufacturing of laminated chipboards.
It is pressed into the structure of the slab, making it more durable and moisture resistant.
Manufacturers label the structure of laminated chipboard differently, but usually like this:
- BS is office;
- SE – wood with surface pores;
- SM - smooth surface;
- MAT - matte smooth surface;
- PR – porous structure;
- PE – « orange peel».
Regardless of the application method, such chipboard is called melamine-coated chipboard.
For production, the first two are most often used: BS and SE. PR – also popular, but used less often, SM is used in production internal partitions. Other markings may occur.
Widely used for making furniture, filling coupe doors and other interior decoration elements.
Advantages and disadvantages of laminated chipboard in furniture
To choose good raw materials for specific furniture, you need to know its features, including its pros and cons. Any chipboard material is made from sawdust and wood shavings impregnated with formaldehyde resin as a binder. Chipboard emits formaldehyde, which is bad for environment and human health, but laminated chipboard has a protective film - a laminated layer that does not allow the substance to evaporate from the boards.
A variety of colors and textures, imitation of the texture of natural wood.
This is not plastic, not iron, but the same familiar wood.
To make laminated film, paper of a certain texture and pattern is used. It is impregnated with melamine resin, as a result of which it becomes a certain level of rigidity and more friable. Then, under a press, the surface of the board is combined with the film - this is how a laminated sheet of standard thickness is formed.
Resistance to mechanical damage.
Laminated chipboard is a fairly resistant material to mechanical and thermal influences with a wide range of textures and colors. It can be developed in the form valuable breed tree. Due to its resistance to high temperatures, hot dishes can be placed on countertops made from this raw material.
Resistant to thermal influences (to hot coffee pots and frying pans).
Laminated chipboards are materials made from natural wood.
The disadvantages include the lack of fine processing and the presence of formaldehyde resins in the chipboard composition, while the advantages are high mechanical and chemical resistance.
LDSP is a representative of the old well-known chipboards (chipboards) in a more polished form.
MDF furniture - what is it?
MDF is an improved technology for the production of chipboard materials. The board consists of small compressed fractions of sawdust. Thanks to this method of fastening, the material is highly durable, homogeneous and harmless to health. Thanks to these indicators, it can be used for the production of any furniture, including for a children's room. Its cost is slightly higher.
The main difference between laminated chipboard and chipboard is the coating. It is pressed into the structure of the slab, making it more durable and moisture resistant.
The main advantages are the high strength of the slabs, uniformity, ease of processing, moisture resistance, anti-deformation abilities, wide range and beautiful design.
MDF is a fairly dense material - this makes it indispensable in the production of furniture that requires turning graceful lines, roundness, etc.
Cons: high price, the boards are susceptible to mechanical damage and shock, and are easily flammable.
MDF is environmentally friendly material and has no restrictions on use.
How to choose the right chipboard?
Today there are a considerable number of chipboards for various purposes. Their differences lie in thickness, composition, wear resistance, and density. Such features are associated with the use in different areas plate production. There is a stereotype about the density of the slab. It is believed that the denser it is, the better. But this is not entirely true. The advantage of these boards is the low-cost raw materials (low-grade wood). This includes “thin gauges”, slabs, slats. The main thing is that these materials meet the following standards.
- Chip fractions should not be small.
- The cross-section of the chips should be square and petal-shaped. If these requirements are violated, the physical and chemical properties of the finished slab will deteriorate (bending and resistance will suffer).
laminated chipboard has a wide color scheme, which is widely used in the production of cabinet furniture.
Consumers often ask questions: what kind of material is this for a bed - MDF? What is the difference between MDF and laminated chipboard for furniture? Let's consider these nuances in more detail.
The film is paper impregnated with melamine resins, which is why you can often find the term “melamine board”.
Advantages of chipboard:
- low price;
- does not dry out, does not flake, does not mold;
- thanks to chemical additives, bugs do not live in the stove;
- service life more than 10 years.
Pros of MDF:
- reasonable price for consumers with average incomes;
- strength;
- moisture resistance;
- includes all of the above advantages of chipboard.
Laminated chipboard can be washed and cleaned - it is moisture resistant.
The choice of material depends on what you plan to make. Laminated chipboard can be used in the manufacture of furniture intended for offices, homes, shops, and supermarkets. MDF is better choose for children's furniture.
He is also not afraid of high temperatures.
Production fibreboards allows you to manufacture products according to affordable prices For various interiors. Thanks to MDF and laminated chipboard furniture, every home will be filled with coziness, warmth and comfort.
Its advantage, in addition to all of the above, is its excellent ability to imitate various textures, most often imitation of wood texture.
Pay attention to the standards for formaldehyde content in cabinet furniture.
VIDEO: Furniture made of wood or furniture made of chipboard.
Everyone knows the saying: “Only here in Russia furniture is made from sawdust, and fences are made from pure wood.” Although in reality the question is which is better - wood or MDF type boards and DSP can be classified as “the answer matches the situation.” If you make a fence from chipboard, then under the influence of rain and sun, your fence will crumble into a pile of sawdust within six months. And if you decide to make furniture and choose wood as the material, then of course it will be good furniture. But firstly: to process wood properly, you need certain skills and a lot of time; secondly: there is always a risk that the boards will move or they will crack; and thirdly: the weight of the product will be quite high. In addition, such furniture can be expensive.
All these disadvantages are absent from chipboard, or more precisely laminated chipboard (the same sawdust, only covered with a decorative film imitating the texture of wood or other materials (for example, marble)). The film used to cover chipboard for decoration is called melamine. In essence, it is paper, but impregnated with melamine - a substance that is practically insoluble in either water or most solvents. This makes the paper very durable, and the laminated chipboard is resistant to scratches, impacts and high temperatures. Of course all this is in household use- the melamine coating will not withstand a hammer blow or an open fire. If lamination is subjected to moisture-resistant chipboard, then it turns out universal material, which can be used for bathroom and kitchen furniture.
If you ask an amateur how to veneer Chipboard film, then he will most likely answer something like - “Glue...”. But this process is much more technologically advanced and interesting. A hot press is used to laminate chipboard. Roughly speaking, these are two steel plates, located horizontally one above the other. The top one is fixed permanently, and hot oil circulates through it through a pump. A matrix made of a special alloy is attached to this plate from below. A relief pattern is applied to the matrix, which squeezes out the same “orange peel”, “wood texture”, etc. texture on the laminate. Between the plate and the matrix there is a so-called “carpet” - a material woven from wire with heat-resistant insulation. It serves to uniformly transfer heat from the plate to the matrix. The bottom plate rests on the pistons of several oil cylinders and is covered with a smooth material to prevent scratches on the laminate. Chipboard sheets are fed along slats with rollers to the bottom plate. A sheet of melamine textured paper impregnated with resin is placed on top of a sheet of chipboard. Then the pumps pump oil into the cylinders under the lower plate, and the rising plate presses the chipboard with a sheet of melamine film against the heated matrix of the upper plate. The press develops a pressure of several tons, and the matrix is heated to a temperature of about 50-55°C. Under the influence of temperature, the resin with which the film is impregnated melts and is partially absorbed into the surface of the chipboard. Pressure consolidates the result and, in addition, the matrix squeezes out a relief pattern on the surface of the chipboard.
The chipboard with the film is compressed with a press for just a few seconds, after which the bottom plate is lowered and the procedure is usually repeated on the other side of the chipboard. On a production scale, a stack of chipboards of several dozen sheets is fed one at a time to the press, laminated on one side and folded into a new stack on the other side of the press. Then the sheets are turned over one by one, fed to the lamination press from the reverse side, and the finished laminate is stored where sheets of ordinary sanded chipboard were recently stored.
Finally, I would like to say that in this way not only laminated chipboards are produced, but also
Laminated chipboard
Laminated chipboard (LDSP) is one of the most popular materials for making furniture and wall panels. The production technology and cost of the material are low, and the variety of colors and textures is great. This determined its popularity and breadth of application.
History of invention
Laminated chipboard was invented in the second half of the nineteenth century, back in 1887. The author of the new product is considered to be the American entrepreneur Ernst Hubbard. He was the first to think of mixing wood waste - shavings and sawdust - with casein glue and molding the resulting mixture into geometrically perfect slabs. The first chipboards were laminated with wood veneer of expensive ornamental species, and were not available to every consumer. The first buyers of products made from laminated chipboard were very wealthy people.
But gradually the technology for its production became more advanced and cheaper. In 1926, the German Freudenberg calculated the optimal ratio between components Chipboard - a binding material on one side and shavings and sawdust on the other. According to these calculations, the binder material should be from 3 to 10 percent - depending on chipboard class. Later these calculations were corrected and refined. According to modern technology, 6-8 percent of the chipboard volume is allocated to binding materials.
Production technology: chipboard production
The main material for filling particle boards - shavings and sawdust - is taken not only from wood processing waste, but is also produced from low-grade wood on special chipping machines that crush large pieces of wood into chips 0.2 - 0.5 mm thick and not long. more than 40 mm. Moreover, shavings are placed in the outer layers of the slabs smallest sizes. Particles intended for the outer layer are subjected to additional crushing in crushers (reduction in width) and mills (reduction in thickness). This operation is especially important in the production of laminated chipboard, since during its production increased demands are placed on the quality of the surface.
The harvested raw chips are transported through a system of mechanical or pneumatic conveyors to storage bunkers. From there it is fed into dryers as needed. Drying of chips for different layers of chipboard is carried out in different dryers: for the outer layer at the output, a moisture content of 4-6 percent is sufficient, but for internal requirement more stringent - 2-4 percent. Chip dryers are usually of the convective drum type. After drying, the chips are sifted on a sieve to separate smaller fractions intended for the outer layer.
Then the chips enter the mixer - a unit for enveloping raw material particles with a binder composition. The percentage of binder for the inner and outer layers is not the same. For internal it is about 60 percent, for external – 53-55. This is one of the most difficult operations in the manufacture of chipboard, since if there is a lack of binder shavings, they stick poorly, and if there is an excess, there is an overconsumption of material and, as a result, the slabs are of lower quality.
IN lately All greater distribution get so-called “torch” type mixers, which produce a higher quality product. In such mixers, the binder composition is sprayed using nozzles and directed onto chips and sawdust suspended in the air using pneumatics. When stirred, the binder settles evenly on the surface of the wood particles. Such mixers are quite delicate equipment and require precise adjustment so that the ratio between the binder composition, chips and hardener is optimal. Then the resulting mixture using mechanical devices removed to forming machines.
IN modern production There are two ways to form chipboard: on a conveyor belt and on metal pallets. The mixture of chips and binder is applied in an even layer to a pallet or conveyor, depending on the type of unit. Moreover, the forming machine pours smaller chips into the outer layers. Each production method has its own nuances. The slab obtained using the pallet molding method is obtained with slightly larger thickness tolerances, but this method is simpler and more reliable. The belt method provides more accurate geometry of the final product and some energy savings. But it requires meticulous setup of the equipment.
Pressing of chipboard is carried out in two stages. At the first stage (pressing), the thickness of the package of wood-glue mixture decreases: with pallet molding - 2.5-4 times, with belt molding - even more. The pressure during pallet molding is up to 1.5 MPa, and during palletless molding it is 3-4 MPa. After pressing, the slab enters a hydraulic press, where high temperature(180 degrees) The chipboard is pressed with a force of 2.5-3.5 MPa. The duration of force application is 20-22 seconds per millimeter of slab thickness. After leaving hydraulic press the hot slab is cut to size and sent to a cooling chamber where it rests for approximately five days. Then it goes to the warehouse, from where it is shipped to the consumer.
Lamination and lamination of chipboard
Coating chipboard with a film to give it a texture that imitates the veneer of semi-precious wood is carried out in two ways: lamination and lamination. When laminating, the decorative film literally grows and is pressed into the slab under the influence of high temperature (up to 210 degrees) and pressure up to 28 MPa. When laminating, the conditions are more gentle. A layer of glue is applied to the chipboard, and then at a temperature of 150 degrees and a pressure of up to 7 MPa, the film is firmly bonded to the base. Depending on the quality of the coating, laminated chipboard is divided into 1st grade slabs (without defects or with minor defects that do not affect appearance products), 2 grades - slabs have visible defects, but can be used for their intended purpose, and ungraded (slabs have significant defects, but can be used in construction).
For cladding chipboards, special melamine films are used on paper based impregnated with synthetic resins. The variety of colors and textures of such films is unusually high and has high design potential. This led to wide application laminated chipboard in the furniture and construction industries.
Using laminated chipboard
Furniture production is an area in which the lion's share of laminated chipboards is used. This is understandable: fixed dimensions with a certain thickness, high design potential of the surface, ease of processing, affordable price - these factors determined the popularity of the material.
The standard slab size is 2500 by 1830 mm. The domestic industry produces laminated chipboards with thicknesses of 10, 16, 18, 22 and 25 mm. Most of the factories producing boards are concentrated near large cities where there is furniture production. Our company is engaged in supplying consumers with high-quality laminated chipboard at low prices. From us you can buy laminated chipboard cheaply from a warehouse in Moscow and the near Moscow region. In addition, you can buy laminated chipboard in Moscow both for furniture production and production finishing panels. Wide variety of decor and different types Chipboard embossing will allow even the most demanding consumer to choose a product to their liking.
Our company sells chipboard in Moscow for the manufacture of furniture: office, kitchen and even children's. Contrary to popular misconception, modern views Laminated chipboards practically do not emit formaldehyde and are approved for the production of children's furniture. In addition, our representative will provide assistance in choosing laminated chipboard and for other purposes: for decorating the interiors of supermarkets, shops, cinemas, exhibition pavilions and other public spaces. You can buy laminated chipboard at a discount from our warehouse in Moscow.
Laminated chipboard is widely used in production interior doors, partitions and wall panels. This material reduces the noise level in the room and meets fire safety standards, as it burns much worse than ordinary wood. Countertops made from waterproof laminated chipboard varieties perfectly replace countertops made from other more expensive materials - wood, decorative plastic or natural stone.
Laminated chipboard is easy to buy.
Sale of laminated chipboard .
Prices are provided in the section .
Laminated chipboard (LDSP) is the main component for the production of cabinet furniture, which reliably imitates natural wood, But costs many times less.
Cheapness due to use wood waste- shavings.
The production of laminated chipboards has several basic technologies.
- what is laminated chipboard;
- how does the production of laminated chipboard differ from the production of chipboard;
- what documents regulate the quality of laminated chipboards in Russia;
- what equipment is used for lamination;
- how edge tape is made;
- How to laminate chipboard yourself.
laminated chipboard is regular particle board which we talked about, lined with decorative coating.
The coating can be either single-color and smooth, or multi-colored or imitating wood texture.
Main characteristics such as:
- bending strength;
- ability to hold a screw;
- density;
- moisture resistance classes;
- formaldehyde emission class;
- flammability
fully correspond to the same characteristics of the source material.
The thickness of the laminated material depends on its purpose. For the manufacture of cabinet furniture, thick laminated chipboard is most often used. 16 mm, however, table tops are often made from thick slabs 25–38 mm.
Laminated chipboard for cladding walls, floors and ceilings is made from thick chipboard 8–12 mm.
Laminating layer with voluminous pattern increases the thickness of the particle board, because this the pattern is created by pressing the base layer, pressing the contours of the design on it.
Outdoor the film only follows the contours this drawing.
How are chipboards made?
For the manufacture of laminated chipboards, ordinary sanded particle boards are used, so they are produced at the factory according to chipboard production, connecting the lamination section.
Moreover, 3 technologies are used to cover the source material with a laminating film:
- lamination;
- laminating;
- smooth lamination.
Lamination
When laminating 1–2 layers of specially prepared paper are glued onto the base, and the first layer - the base - is made as thick as possible so that the design can be pressed into it.
The thickness of the base, depending on the depth of the pattern, can reach 0.5–1 mm, the thickness of the second layer is tenths or even hundredths of a mm.
On top of these layers another layer is laid, made of transparent paper and a mixture of various resins, which when heated, they turn into a durable film, reliably protecting the decorative surface.
The base layer is laid on the prepared chipboard surface and pressed down with a hot stamp with a suitable pattern.
The die surface temperature is 150–220 degrees, due to which the resin that impregnates the base layer is mixed with the resin that glues the chips into the chipboard and, the paper becomes an inseparable part of the plate.
Then glue it in the same way decorative layer with a suitable pattern and an outer layer that protects the slab from damage.
At some enterprises, all layers of coating are first connected to each other, then dried and, only after that, attached to the chipboard.
With this technology, the coating is made in the form of a tape. The pattern on it is formed using a cylinder with an installed matrix, similar to the formation of a pattern during laminating.
Difference with laminating is that the tape is attached without glue, heating the resins that impregnate the paper until they melt and mix with the resin in the chipboard.
Laminating
When laminating, first prepare facing material, for which all layers are laid in order and a design is printed on them using a cold press.
At the same time, the uncured resin of the various layers is mixed, due to which the coating turns into a wide and long ribbon.
If you use it to print a picture cylindrical die, then it becomes possible to do ribbons of any length.
Many small businesses producing 3D textured laminates prefer do not spend money on expensive equipment necessary for making the tape, and buy ready-made material.
The finished tape is sent to the dryer, then wound into rolls, which are delivered to the laminating area. There, the facing material is cut to size and placed on a slab coated with a special glue, then pressed with a press and heated until the glue is completely polymerized.
Thanks to this technology cladding goes faster, after all no need to heat each layer of coating separately, so the company can produce more products.
The disadvantage of this technology is that the glued cladding holds on much weaker than real lamination.
Smooth lamination
This technology similar to laminating, however, is a full-fledged lamination, because when heated, the resin of the coating and the boards are mixed, forming a single material. In addition, in the tape preparation area no press to create a pattern.
To create smooth surface it is enough to lay 2 layers, the bottom of which will be made made of paper, and the top one is made of a special film, which, when heated, forms durable and transparent coating.
Thanks to the fact that large chipboard manufacturers They are constantly looking for ways to increase production manufacturability and reduce costs; various changes are constantly being made to this process, the essence of which is kept secret by manufacturers. After all, any improvement in the quality of the laminating coating, as well as a reduction in costs, makes their products more competitive.
Documents regulating quality
The main document regulating the quality and characteristics of laminated chipboards in Russia is GOST R 52078-2003 which you can find at this link.
There is also international standard EN 14322:2004, which is in many ways similar to the Russian one. You can find it.
These standards differ from those adopted for chipboard only in the requirements for the laminating coating. In everything else they completely identical.
Besides, there are various specifications (technical specifications), which are developed as manufacturers of laminated particle boards, and furniture manufacturers. The technical specifications prescribe those requirements that are not included in generally accepted standards or for some reason fall outside them.
For example, the technical specifications may specify non-standard sizes products, and also indicated detailed composition glue, different from what the company uses in the production of conventional chipboard.
Equipment: plant and its components
In most cases, a multifunctional device is used for laminating chipboard, which is called laminator. Its basis is powerful press with steam or oil heating of the plate, as well as with the possibility of installing matrices with the required pattern.
The laminator can be large, capable of processing sheets of maximum size, or medium or small. If a large press is installed, then after cooling the laminated sheet goes to a cutting machine, completely similar to that used in the production of chipboards.
In addition, the laminator can be one- or two-sided, that is, stick the film only on the front side or simultaneously process the front and back planes.
Medium-sized presses are designed for laminating already cut slabs, the size of which complies with the requirements of GOST R 52078-2003 and EN 14322:2004.
The small press is designed for laminating finished parts, for example, entrance and interior doors or furniture elements. Therefore, the enterprise you should choose a laminator based on the range products.
In addition, together with a large or medium laminator, a tape laying line is often used, which also performs several functions:
- determines the quality of chipboard surface preparation for further processing;
- lays the tape on the slab and orients it correctly;
- trims off excess tape.
In enterprises where small laminators are installed, this operation is usually performed by a specially trained highly qualified worker, laying and cutting the tape by hand. Most often this is done on furniture factories when you have to make parts that for some reason cannot be cut from a whole sheet.
They do the same in large woodworking shops or factories that produce not only furniture, but also various carpentry products.
The laminator can be used not only for lamination, but also for regular gluing, so there is no point in spending money on a special line.
Often, after cooling, medium and small slabs are fed to a cutting machine, which cuts off 1–2 mm of slabs, forming an even edge. This machine is equipped with large-diameter circular saws tipped with hard alloys or diamond-coated.
The slabs are moved along the entire line using belt conveyors and vacuum lifters, and all operations occur automatically.
The cost of equipment depends on many factors, so most enterprises that produce such lines and individual machines announce the price only after the customer provides specific requirements for configuration and performance.
On Aliexpress and other sites you can find individual devices and entire lines indicating approximate cost excluding delivery and installation.
Medium single-sided laminator for slabs measuring 1220*2440 mm can be purchased for 100–200 thousand US dollars, and a laminating tape supply line 60–120 cm wide will cost 18–25 thousand US dollars.
Edge tape
At manufacturing of laminated chipboard only the front and back surfaces are laminated, and edges remain uncoated. Therefore, enterprises producing laminated chipboards also supply edge tape, which is used for self-lamination of ends.
The color of the tape completely matches the color of the slab, so after sticking the tape, the entire slab becomes one color.
The tape for edging, that is, gluing the edges, is made noticeably thinner than that used for lining chipboards in production. Indeed, in the conditions of a furniture workshop it is impossible to create such high blood pressure And most masters make do regular iron , warming up the tape laid on the edge with it.
How to laminate chipboard yourself?
Not always Laminated chipboard, which can be purchased in stores, matches the color or pattern, so you can veneer the slab yourself.
Good for this various types decorative films that are sold in construction stores.
Films are self-adhesive and regular.
To apply a self-adhesive film, remove a thin layer from it. protective coating and place it on a chipboard sheet cleaned from dirt and dust, then roll it with a roller, removing air bubbles.
To apply a regular film, use a special glue recommended by the film manufacturer, then wait 2–5 minutes and carefully apply the film without allowing wrinkles to appear.
Such methods allow you to stick on the chipboard only those designs that are in the store, so you can use method that was used during the USSR, when laminated chipboard was in huge shortage.
A thin layer of primer (PVA diluted with water in a ratio of 5:1) was applied to the chipboard surface cleaned of dust and dirt. Then the desired design was made on sheets of landscape paper and the back side was primed with PVA.
After 2–4 days, when the glue had completely hardened, the sheets with the pattern were laid out on the surface of the chipboard so as to assemble the pattern together. Then each sheet was heated with an iron.
If all the sheets were correctly laid and heated, then after cooling they formed a continuous pattern that completely covered the entire surface of the slab.
However shifting any of the sheets led to a violation of the pattern and spoiled the whole picture, so for greater reliability they tried to get not landscape paper, but printing paper, which was larger than the slab in size.
The finished drawing was covered with furniture or parquet varnish in 2–3 layers and a homemade laminate was obtained with low coating strength, but with the necessary pattern.
Video on the topic
In this video you can see the work of a chipboard production plant:
Conclusion
The production of laminated chipboards is a complex process that includes many operations, therefore, to convert ordinary chipboards into laminated ones it is necessary site with good equipment.
After reading the article, you learned how the lamination process occurs and whether you can do it yourself.
In order to make furniture, ordinary chipboard is not suitable. The slabs in their pure form are unpresentable, and there is a risk of being scratched on the edge or getting splinters. More than 40 years ago it was developed process, which makes it possible to obtain wood-based materials with a decorated surface. This production mechanism is known as lamination.
What is chipboard? Features of the technology
Cabinets, cabinets, kitchen sets middle and economy classes are made from chipboards that have undergone the stage of surface lamination with decorative and protective materials at the factory. These are the so-called chipboards.
Facing is one of the final stages chipboard manufacturing. This uses:
- paper film impregnated with thermosetting synthetic resins;
- laminated paper plastic containing impregnating resin compositions.
For the production of laminated chipboards, short-cycle or conveyor belt presses are used. At temperatures up to 250°C and under the influence of a pressure of 25-30 MPa (25-30 kg/cm2), a physical and chemical process occurs: the resin seems to spread over the surface, seals it and forms a durable single fabric.
The production capacities of large factories make it possible to achieve a complete imitation of the texture of wood, stone, fabric, etc. Often for individual collections of furniture or decorative finishing works Boards are available with gloss, embossed, varnished or with a 3D effect.
Lamination is often understood as another process - laminating. The technologies are similar, the difference is in the fastening composition. If in the first case synthetic resins are first melted and then pressed, then in the second case gluing is used. Apply to the base plate adhesive composition, then thermoplastic polymer film or hardened laminate is applied and rolled. This type of coating is weaker to tear off and can swell and get wet. A laminated board is actually a single whole and practically cannot be divided into components.
The next process, similar to lamination, is veneering. Veneer is a thin section of valuable wood with a thickness of at least 2 mm. Glued with special one- or two-component adhesive compounds, the surface turns out beautiful and unique, since there are no two identical layers of wood, and it is this fact that adds attractiveness and beauty to the veneer. The coating requires care and protection from moisture and mechanical damage. HDSP can be painted, varnished, waxed, oiled or impregnated. When peeling off elements, it is recommended to use carpentry or universal adhesives.
Marketers have coined a new term - synthetic veneer. A sheet of textured paper with a decor that imitates wood pores is impregnated with urea resins and dried. Often the surface is varnished. The resulting material is called synthetic veneer, and is glued to the surface of the chipboard under pressure and at high temperature. The coating turns out to be quite hard, dense, identical natural veneer even to the touch.
Thus, lamination is the process of “welding” paper with decor using a melt of synthetic resins. This is the most reliable and durable method of cladding chipboard. The surface is durable and resistant to elevated temperatures and water, mechanical damage.
Is it possible to laminate chipboard with your own hands?
Trying to save money craftsmen trying to carry out the chipboard lamination process on their own. If you carefully familiarize yourself with the technology and the installations used, it becomes clear that it is impossible to repeat this at home. The best option is the laminating process:
- The lining is “self-adhesive” - a dense synthetic fabric with an adhesive layer applied to the reverse side.
- Bonding flexible polymer film using universal adhesive. An adhesive composition is applied to the slab, a short technological break is maintained, then a layer of polymer is carefully applied and pressed with a press or carefully rolled with a roller.
When using self-adhesive film, it is enough to remove the protective paper from the back and apply the coating to the base, rub it in with a rag, plastic spatula or roll it with a rubber roller to remove air bubbles.
The second option is more reliable; in the first, the durability of the cladding is in doubt - most likely, you will have to periodically re-glue the film or replace it with a new one. Obviously, there will be no savings, so it is better to buy industrially laminated chipboard.