Until recently, people used steel springs to close doors. Now there is no need for this, because door accessories have appeared that provide comfortable closing of the entrance block. When the springs were used, there was a roar that could be heard throughout the entire house. Now, instead of springs, modern doors have closers.
Their use is determined a number of advantages which provide:
- protection from excess noise;
- energy savings;
- eliminating drafts and ensuring good thermal insulation;
- ensuring safety of use.
The device of the closer and the principle of its operation
If we talk about the design of this accessory, we note that it contains a lever rod and a body equipped with a mechanism that is responsible for the correct opening of the door. As part of the mechanism there is a powerful spring, due to which the piston is compressed. The steel spring is enclosed in a special capsule, which is filled with oil. When compression occurs, it slowly returns to its original position. This is provided by hydraulic channels through which oil flows into the working container.
Adjustment of the fittings can be done using special screws, which are located on the end of the closer body. When the screws are rotated, the cross-section of the hydraulic channels changes, which affects the rate of oil flow and, in turn, determines at what speed the door will close.
Modern models of these accessories can be equipped with a special valve. By means of it, the door is held, starting from 70 degrees, until it closes. The valve ensures its smooth movement in the last 7-15 degrees and a good catch. The need for a swat is associated with overcoming the effort door latches and seals. In addition, you have to cope with the air resistance that occurs when the door is closed.
To use the door comfortably, you cannot do without a door closer. But you need to choose it according to certain parameters. Chief among them is power. Also, when choosing it, you need to take into account the size and weight of the door. In this case, the correct operation of this part in the door structure will be ensured. The heavier the door, the more powerful the door closer should be. Selected models modern doors they even have two similar elements. Their use allows you to reduce the effort required to close the door.
Based on the installation method, door closers are divided into three types:
- upper;
- lower;
- hidden.
The first method is the most common, due to the ease of performing the work. Installation is carried out at the top of the door product. Please note that this accessory can be installed on any door.
Features of choice
There are standards that define the forces that closers must develop during use. These standards correspond European standards . A higher class means more power of the device.
- Closer himself high class – optimal choice for armored metal door.
- If a lightweight door product is installed in the opening, then you can limit yourself to installing a low-class door closer.
- In most cases, products of class 3-5 are used for ordinary entrance doors and door products installed in interior spaces.
Note that when choosing a closer, take into account parameters of the door itself, and also take into account external factors. If during operation the entrance door is often exposed to side winds, then the door product should be equipped with high-class closers. If the doors are suitable in size and weight for two different classes closers, then in this case it is necessary to make a choice in favor of high-class elements to ensure a safety margin, which will mean longer use of the closer.
But you shouldn’t focus only on power when choosing this accessory. A powerful accessory does not always mean more power when using a door, because if you install such a closer on PVC door, then it will create additional load on the hinges, which will lead to rapid wear of this element of the fittings. In addition, with such elements plastic door it will be difficult to open, which will lead to additional discomfort for the owner when using the door. Another important point One thing that should be taken into account when choosing this door hardware is its frost resistance. There are models available in the market that can operate in extreme temperatures - from -45 degrees to + 70 degrees.
Installing a door closer
If you have purchased a door closer that you are going to install on your door, the kit should include the following:
The process of installing this fittings on the input block can be carried out both on the box and on the canvas depending on what purpose it has door design. When installing, you can use one of two installation methods - internal and external. Internal installation is the most common way to install these elements for external doors. He suggests securing the product in doorway. Such a place for attaching this element is due to the fact that for work in winter time Not all door closer models are designed.
Manufacturing companies offering Russian market closers, complete them with an installation diagram in life size, which is quite convenient for the consumer. Using it, you can install this door accessory efficiently and avoid problems during the installation process.
During the work, the installation diagram is pasted onto the door using tape. After actions are being performed in accordance with the instructions contained therein.
- First you need to make markings and then drill holes. When this is done, the housing is secured in accordance with the installation diagram. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the installation features of the closer. Some models of these elements are installed so that the screws used for adjustment are located towards the door hinges.
- When the closer mechanism is secured, proceed to the installation of the lever rod. It consists of two halves that are connected to each other by thread. The length of the lever can be adjusted in length, which allows you to set the door opening angle to 90 degrees. If the markings were done correctly and the installation steps were carried out according to the diagram, then after completion of the operations it will work the first time.
Setting up the door closer
Perform the adjustment correctly installed door closers it is possible if you first understand the screws that are part of the design of this element, through which its adjustment is carried out. Many models have special screws, located on the decorative cover of the case. For some, the location of the screws is end side housings. On it, the adjustment elements are indicated by numbers 1 and 2. By adjusting screw 1, the consumer changes the opening angle of the door, which can reach up to 180 degrees. Screw 2 adjusts the closing speed of the door leaf.
Adjustment of the closer begins with changing the opening angle of the door leaf. For this purpose it is set desired value within 90-180 degrees.
Once this is done, you can move on to changing the closing acceleration. To do this, adjust screw 2. The door is opened to the working angle and then released. Further, by rotating screw 2, the door smoothness is adjusted at the last 7-15 degrees to ensure its reliable closure. Special effort There is no need to apply pressure when adjusting. Having made a quarter turn of the screw, the doors will close with a noticeable slowdown.
The closer can be used long time, if you tune it regularly. However, when the owners forcibly hold the door for ventilation and prop it up various items, then this leads to a load being created on the seals and the closer piston. This creates a risk of oil being squeezed out of the housing. The consequence of this may be failure of the closer. In such a situation, repairs performed by a professional will not even be able to return it to working condition. The only way out of this situation is to install a new door closer.
Cost of door closers
The price of these elements can vary greatly. Available for consumers economy class mechanisms. Along with them, high-class door closers are also offered on the market, which provide easy control of closing any door, are distinguished by high power and reliable operation.
Currently, the market is in demand for products such as foreign companies, so domestic producers. Among the large number of companies, we will highlight such manufacturers as "Expostroymash Plus", "NORA-M" and "Nikiret". Their products are different high reliability. If you are looking for this accessory at an attractive price, then you should pay attention to products from domestic companies. They are offered at a more reasonable price, and the quality of the door closers is Russian companies comparable to foreign analogues. Foreign companies producing door closers also offer large selection quality products.
Popular brands
If we talk about well-known manufacturers from abroad, which have become known in the market due to their quality and design, we will highlight the following companies:
Dorma, GEZE, Boda- these three German companies offer large number models of various door closers. The peculiarity of their products is the presence of a sliding rod, which makes it possible to hide the knee of the traction mechanism, which spoils the appearance of the door structure.
Cisa, Cobra, O&O - these companies from Italy offer door closers, the installation of which can be done using the open mounting. Some models can be installed on the floor. The products of these manufacturers are different high quality and with proper maintenance can be used for a long time.
KDC is a Korean company, which also offers a large selection of door closer models. This manufacturer uses German components in the manufacture of products. The materials used to create accessories are highly resistant to corrosion, which guarantees long term use.
Oubao is a manufacturer from Taiwan. It offers a series of door closers that are ideal for lightweight doors. Many buyers choose the products of this company. Among the advantages of the manufacturer, we highlight the following: lightness, strength and low price.
Abloy - this company from Finland offers models that have convenient system door closer adjustments. The design includes an independent valve, which ensures smooth movement of the door.
Diplomat - a company from Serbia, which offers several models of door closers. The manufacturer's most popular models are high-speed door closers, which many consumers choose.
It should be noted that those offered by well-known trademarks door closers are found in different price groups. Their price depends on functionality and purpose. You can buy a quality door closer famous brand, which will have a large set of functions, but will be expensive. And for less money you can purchase a similar accessory of the same quality. What to choose - everyone decides for himself.
Conclusion
If you want to use the door comfortably, then you cannot do without a door closer for your front door. Many companies offer these door accessories in a large assortment, the prices for them are different, so you can purchase a closer according to your financial capabilities, taking into account the size and purpose of the door. By performing the installation efficiently, you can ensure that your door closes smoothly and without noise, and door closer will last a long time, demonstrating reliability in operation.
1. PERPENDICULAR LEVER (STANDARD INSTALLATION)
Classic door closer installation diagram. The device body is fixed to door leaf, and the sole of the lever is on the upper beam door frame. Please note: the closer is attached “from the corridor”, that is, from the outside of the door. In this case, the door should open towards itself, and when it is closed, the lever is located at an angle of ~ 90° to the door leaf.
Pros:
+ 100% preservation of rated power. With this fixation, the door closer will work at 100% of its capabilities. This is important if the door weight is close to maximum load closer The opening angle will be the maximum possible for your model.
Cons:
- Protruding lever. This spoils the interior and is especially noticeable in narrow corridors. In addition, the structure is open to vandalism: a bully might want to test the strength of the lever by wrapping his arms around it and hanging on. Therefore, in schools, hospitals and other public spaces It is better to install the closer using the parallel lever method.
Not for all canvases. Standard installation not suitable if you have glass or thin doors (aluminum, lightweight “Finnish” ones, etc.). Also, sometimes the top strapping of the canvas (if any) can interfere.
2. INSTALLATION ON DOOR JAM(TOP MOUNT)
Mirror the previous installation method. With it, the door closer with a lever arm is fixed from inside the room (the hinges are not visible, the door opens away from you). The body is fixed to horizontal surface door jamb(lintel), the sole of the lever is at the top of the canvas.
Pros:
+ Power close to rated. Efficiency loss compared to the standard installation method is no more than 5-10%. The opening angle of the canvas is almost the same as when fixing it in the first way.
Suitable for entrance doors. Standard method implies mounting the door closer from the street, which is not recommended even in warm regions Russia and even provided that the door closer is frost-resistant. When installed on the jamb, the closer remains from the inside and always remains dry and warm.
Suitable for thin and/or light doors. Since the main load is borne not by the leaf, but by the upper beam of the door frame. The exception is glass sheets; it is better to install a floor closer with them.
Cons:
- Protruding lever. It still spoils the interior, only not the corridor, but the room itself. It is still easy to break if you hang with your whole body.
Requirements for the opening. The lintel and/or ceiling must be of sufficient height to secure the closer body to the jamb.
3. INSTALLATION USING PARALLEL ARM BRACKET
This method involves fastening the door closer from inside the room (the door opens away from you, the hinges are not visible). The body is attached to the canvas, and the sole of the lever is attached through a bracket (mounting angle) under the upper beam of the box. When the door closes, the lever of two rods folds and “lies” almost parallel to the door leaf.
Pros:
+ Neat look. When folded, the lever is not noticeable and is of little interest to a bully.
More options for installation. The “parallel lever” option is used if it is impossible to secure the closer differently: the side wall (with standard fixation) or the ceiling (with fixation on the jamb) is in the way.
Suitable for apartments with two entrance doors. Some apartments have two entrance doors: main metal and second wooden (for thermal insulation). The “parallel lever” method allows you to install the closer on the main door. The main thing is that the radius of rotation of the lever is less than the depth of the opening between the doors.
Cons:
- Real power<< номинальная мощность. Эффективность работы доводчика будет минимум на 20-30% ниже, чем при стандартной установке. То есть модель, рассчитанная на нагрузку до 100 кг, в лучшем случае будет работать как модель на 70-80 кг. Максимальный угол открывания меньше, чем при фиксации двумя ранее рассмотренными способами.
To install a closer on a metal door, you need to know what functions it performs and understand the principle of its operation.
A door closer is a mechanism that allows even a very large and heavy door to close smoothly and silently. It is often installed on the doors of high-traffic rooms to ensure they are guaranteed to close and, therefore, retain heat inside the room. In addition, closers extend the correct service life of locking devices.
Why do you need a door closer?
If you like to slam doors, you don’t need this mechanism and will even interfere with expressing your feelings and letting off steam. If increased emotionality is not typical for you, and you value silence, comfort and convenience, then with the help of this simple device you can solve several problems at once:
- Eliminate slams and noise from the closing door.
- Ensure that it closes automatically.
- Extend the service life of both the door block itself and door locks.
It can be argued that sometimes there is a need for the door to remain open for a while and not tend to return to the closed position.
For example, if you need to bring large items into the house, or bring in a baby stroller or wheelchair. Therefore, it is advisable to install closers for metal doors with a hold-open function (fixing function) at the entrance to a house or apartment.
It lies in the fact that if the door is opened at an angle of more than ninety degrees, it will not close spontaneously. When you decide to close the door, you just need to push it until it overcomes this angle, and then the closer will work as expected.
Modern models of door closers are installed not only on heavy metal entrance doors, but also on interior doors of any design - wooden, glass, plastic.
Door models that are equipped with an access control system are almost always equipped with closers, which, without human intervention, ensure smooth closing of the door and accurate operation of the locking devices.
This has a beneficial effect on the effectiveness of the control system.
Operating principle of door closers
The mechanism of operation of the closer is quite simple. To open the door, you have to apply a certain force to it.
It is transmitted to the closer and accumulated in a compressed spring located in its body and returns the door to its original position.
The closer spring is the basis of a hydromechanical device, filled with special oil and enclosed in a metal case.
In order for the door to close smoothly, the principle of hydraulic damping is used, thanks to which the moment of force is converted.
How to choose a door closer
If you need to choose a door closer for a metal door, you need to know its dimensions and weight. Based on this, you can choose the right door closer size using the following table:
Here EN is the European Standards, and the numbers from 1 to 7 are an index that indicates the spring force, which is called the size of the closer.
Attention! If the parameters of your door are between the data shown in the table, choose a larger door closer. This must also be done if the door height is greater than standard.
Depending on the installation method, there are the following types of door closers:
- Installation inside the door (carried out during its manufacture).
- Installation on the surface of the door and door frame.
- Installation of the closer on the floor.
Based on cost, door closers are conventionally divided into three classes - premium, middle class and economy.
Installation of closer
If it is quite difficult to insert a lock into a metal door, then even a person inexperienced in such matters can handle installing a door closer.
Each door closer usually comes with a full-size template to help you with installation.
- Tape the template to the inside of the door close to the hinges and to the top of the frame. The door closer mechanism will be located on the canvas, and the lever will be located on the upper frame.
- Using a drill and a metal drill, mark all the mounting holes through the template, and then cut the threads.
- Attach the closer body to the door so that the speed control valves face the hinges.
- Separate the lever into two halves and screw the side lever tab to the door frame.
- Place the main lever on the square shaft of the closer and secure it with a washer and screw.
- Move the side lever to a position perpendicular to the door frame and secure it to the main lever.
- Adjust the opening angle and closing speed of the door using a special hex key.
- Install the cap on the bottom of the closer.
Operation and maintenance of the closer
The service life of a door closer directly depends on how you handle the door. You cannot press it to close it faster. And, conversely, you should not hold the closing door with your own efforts or with objects inserted between the door and the jamb. This can lead to oil leakage and damage to the entire mechanism, as a result of which the closer will have to be replaced.
In order for the door closer to function properly, it must be maintained regularly, changing the lubricant in the lever joint every 2-3 years. If the closer is installed on the front door from the outside, the lubricant must be changed annually.
When installing the closer outdoors, its operation will be affected by temperature changes. Therefore, twice a year when the season changes, it needs to be adjusted.
If these conditions are met, a high-quality door closer will serve you flawlessly for many years.
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Despite the fact that most modern door closers are designed in such a way that their installation is reduced to a minimum of steps and actions, you often have to deal with poor-quality implementation of this task. Without paying due attention to studying the instructions, less experienced craftsmen end up in trouble: the closer either presses the door too weakly, or, on the contrary, it moves very slowly.
The result is discomfort experienced by everyone who passes through the door, and sometimes a decrease in airtightness in the form of unpleasant drafts that arise because the doorway is constantly blown by a cold wind.
High-quality installation of the door closer extends the service life of the door and retains heat in the room. Any closer has a certain set of technical characteristics that should be selected based on the characteristics of the door: more or less universal options exist, but such parameters as the weight and size of the door cannot be ignored.
Signs of successful installation of the closer can be the smoothness of its opening and closing, the absence of excessive effort when closing, and the absence of any sounds during operation. Typical door closer kits consist of fasteners, a lever and a corresponding assembly diagram. The instructions, as a rule, are designed in such a way that a non-professional can work on them; only a minimal set of tools is needed.
Types of door closers
Closers differ in the specifics of installation, which allows them to be divided into several main types, each of which has its own advantages. For any of them, the installation diagram will have certain nuances, obvious from the design features.
- Overhead closers They are usually used in offices: they are designed quite simply, and also have a low price. They are placed under the ceiling and differ in the type of traction: it can be lever, which is most often, and sliding, this is a more expensive option, but also smoother in mechanics.
- Floor closer– a rarer phenomenon, the high price and complexity of installation make the scope of such products limited. The practice of use requires significant engineering research already at the design stage of the building. Convenient where it is impossible to drill holes: for example, when working with glass doors.
- Concealed door closers are even more complex and expensive products with high efficiency and a truly magical effect: since they are installed directly inside the door leaf, they are simply not visible. Used in doors with a thickness of 40 mm or more.
- Two-range adjustment: the first initially sets the base speed, the second – the speed at the moment of closing, the so-called closing, when you need to apply a little more force to close the door completely, overcoming the friction of the opening.
- Fixation of position. It is useful if the passage is used, for example, by loaders who carry a large amount of goods through it in a certain period of time: the door is simply fixed open, and then the device is unlocked again.
- Depreciation. The function allows you to increase traction when opening and closing at certain door positions: 70 or 90 degrees. Adjustable to your own taste.
To select a model by weight, there is a European standard EN 1154, tables are available on the Internet. If the door weighs no more than 20 kg, a closer made according to the EN-1 scheme is quite sufficient for it. For heavy options, there are more powerful models up to EN-7.
Functions of door closers
Certain types of door closers have special functions that may be useful to you:
Installation Rules
The first postulate that should be observed during installation is the accuracy of the markings. A crooked closer threatens to warp the doors over time; eventually, you will have to change the hinges, since the door will simply stop opening and closing normally.
Depending on the depth of the opening and its shape, it can be convenient to install some door closers from the outside, that is, from the side where the doors open; this is often optimal for interior options. An overhead door closer with a lever can be extremely ineffective in the case of a deep opening on the inside. In this case, you will have to think about some kind of recess for the device; in case of the opposite situation, you will have to secure an additional bar.
A door closer is a mechanical or hydraulic device that is installed between the frame and the leaf to prevent the door from closing abruptly. Thanks to this, its service life is significantly extended, which is especially important for expensive interior doors made of natural wood or a heavy entrance door equipped with expensive locks. A door equipped with a closer closes smoothly and accurately, without a loud bang, so devices are often needed where there is a lot of traffic of visitors - in shops, various institutions, educational and preschool institutions, clinics, etc.
What types of door closers are there?
Depending on the installation location, door closers are divided into:
- external, mounted on the top of the door leaf and door frame
- floor-mounted, which are mounted in the floor
- hidden, which are installed inside the door leaf
The most common design features are:
- lever closers with a bending spring-loaded lever
- rods sliding in the groove with cam transmission
- hydraulic piston devices
The most reliable and aesthetically pleasing are sliding door closers, the price of which is quite high, but their service life is quite long.
Choosing a door closer
When choosing a door closer, you should primarily focus on the weight of the door for which it is intended. According to this indicator, all devices are divided into seven classes, where a 1st class product is designed for a door weight of no more than 20 kg, and a 7th class product is designed for a door weight of 160 kg. The interval between the calculated weight of each class is 20 kg. The choice will be optimal if the class of the closer most closely matches the weight of the door leaf.
We should not forget about the correct choice of operating temperature. Hydraulic and hydromechanical closers are used only for installation on internal doors. For external doors, you should buy a door closer with a special frost-resistant mechanism.
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