Although the words “root” and “rhizome” have a common root (forgive the tautology!), there are several fundamental differences in the biological content of these terms.
Definition
Rhizome- This modified shoot, in most cases located underground.
Root- This vegetative organ plants with a number of unique functions and qualities.
Comparison
A rhizome is one of the shoots of a higher plant, which is in a modified state and is located shallow underground or at the boundary of the soil and the atmosphere. Its main function is to store nutrients. But when favorable conditions it can become the epicenter of vegetative reproduction plant organism, that is, to be suitable for reproduction.
Iris rhizome
Initially, the rhizome contains leaves, apical and axillary buds, but they die off early. The rhizome is equipped with adventitious roots, which are involved in supplying the plant with water and minerals dissolved in it.
The root is the key organ higher plants. It is located in the Earth and has positive geotropism. Capable of unlimited growth deep into the earth's surface.
The root has no leaves or buds, no chloroplasts can be found in its cells, and it is not capable of photosynthesis.
The root performs a number of functions without which the life of a plant is impossible: it anchors the plant in the soil, and is the main organ for the absorption and delivery of water with minerals dissolved in it to the plant organism.
The root is capable of depositing in its body nutrients. With its help, the plant can reproduce vegetatively and enters into symbiosis with fungi and microorganisms found in the soil.
Conclusions website
- The root is a key organ of higher plants. Individual plants have rhizomes.
- The rhizome has buds and leaves, but the root has no such formations at all.
- Some rhizome cells contain or once had chloroplasts. Root and chloroplasts are a priori incompatible concepts.
- The functions of the root make this organ vital to the plant, unlike the rhizome.
Published 06/13/2017 on the subject Biology from Guest >>
Answer the questions:
1. How to distinguish a root from a rhizome?
2. What are the functions of the node and internode of a plant stem?
3. What kind of buds do plants have? Name characteristic features
their structures.
4. What are the structural features of a flower?
5. Why is the shoot considered an organ system?
6. What parts can be identified in a leaf?
7. What reasons led to the development of modifications of their organs in plants?
8. How does the structure of a tuber differ from a bulb?
9. What's it like Biological significance inflorescences?
10.What function do lentils perform in the plant?
11. What is the meaning for flowering plant have a perianth (calyx with a corolla) and a pistil?
Left a reply Guest
1. The root transfers nutrients from the tree to smaller roots and drives water and other necessary salts upward from the roots.
And the Rhizome, in addition to transmission, also stores nutrients. It's thicker.3.By internal structure There are vegetative and generative or floral buds. IN vegetative bud rudimentary stem and leaves are located. IN flower buds in addition to the stem and leaves, there are the rudiments of flowers (inflorescences) or one flower; in the latter case, the bud is called a bud. Generative buds of many plants can be distinguished from vegetative ones not only by their internal structure, but also by appearance: They are larger, rounded at the top.
4. A flower is a modified shortened shoot adapted for the reproduction of angiosperms (flowering) plants. The exclusive role of the flower is due to the fact that it combines all the processes of asexual and sexual reproduction, while in lower and many higher plants they are separated.5. A shoot is a plant organ consisting of several parts, each of which is tasked with performing certain functions. vegetative organs: root and shoot6.A normal complete sheet consists of sheet plate, petiole, as well as the base and adjacent stipule. IN leaf blade photosynthesis and other physiological processes occur. The petiole attaches the plate to the shoot; the place of attachment is called the base of the leaf; paired stipules, sometimes shaped like spines, are adjacent to it.7.During the course of evolution, plants have undergone some modifications of their organs - metamorphoses. This happened primarily due to climatic conditions, in which the plant is located. For example, cactus leaves have changed into spines. This helps the cactus retain liquid longer.
8. It usually has scale-like leaves and buds. Adventitious roots extend from it. Reserve nutrients are deposited in the stem part of the rhizome. It looks like a root, but differs from it in underdeveloped leaves and the absence of a root cap. It contains reduced leaves in the form of brown or colorless scales, and in their axils there are buds from which aboveground shoots. They have nodes and internodes; adventitious roots are formed from the nodes. At the top there is an apical bud, due to which the rhizome grows in length. Plants with branching rhizomes grow quickly (creeping wheatgrass, lily of the valley, iris, kupena, etc.)9.The biological significance of inflorescences is to increase the likelihood of pollination. Small flowers, collected in an inflorescence, are clearly visible to insects, which promotes their pollination.10.Gas exchange function...11.The perianth protects the pistil and stamens from unfavorable conditions environment and attracts pollinators with its brightness.
From the ovary of the pistil, after pollination of the flower and fertilization of the egg, the fruit develops.
1.the seed embryo consists of a stalk, bud, root, cotyledon and peel
2. The root is a special plant organ that absorbs and transmits nutrients and water.
A rhizome is a shoot, just modified
3. In the internodes of the stem there are intercalary cells of the meristem, which are responsible for the growth of the stem in length.
The node is the connecting link between the stem and the leaf (bud), since it is the section of the stem from which the leaf or bud extends.
4. Apical, lateral, axillary. On the outside, the buds are covered with dense leathery scales - modified leaves, impregnated with resinous and sticky substances.
5. A flower is nothing more than a shortened shoot, while the petals, pistils, stamens and sepals are modified leaves.
The stem part consists of the peduncle and receptacle. Leaf part - this includes petals and sepals. The generative part is the pistils and stamens.
6. a rudimentary bud is formed on the shoot, and it contributes to the conduction of substances from the root to the leaves
7. A normal complete leaf consists of a leaf blade, a petiole, as well as a base and adjacent stipule. Photosynthesis and other physiological processes occur in the leaf blade. The petiole attaches the plate to the shoot; the place of attachment is called the base of the leaf; paired stipules, sometimes shaped like spines, are adjacent to it.
8.During the course of evolution, plants have undergone some modifications in their organs—metamorphoses. This happened primarily due to the climatic conditions in which the plant is located. For example, cactus leaves have changed into spines. This helps the cactus to hold on longer
liquid.
9. A tuber is an underground shoot with a very thickened stem, in which reserve substances (starch, less often - oils) accumulate. Tubers of stem origin are rare, from cultivated plants- in potatoes, earthen pear (jerusalem artichoke).
The bulb is an underground shortened shoot with succulent scale-like leaves attached to a short stem called the bottom. At the top of the bottom there is an apical bud, and in the axils of the juicy scales there are lateral buds that give rise to young baby bulbs (onions, garlic).
10.Inflorescences are necessary for plants to attract insects. This increases the likelihood of pollination by insects.
Wind-pollinated plants produce more pollen in their inflorescences, increasing the chances of fertilization. Therefore, it appears in those plants that have some difficulties with pollination. The inflorescence helps overcome these difficulties.
11.Gas exchange function
12.)The perianth protects the pistil and stamens from unfavorable environmental conditions and attracts pollinators with its brightness.
From the ovary of the pistil, after pollination of the flower and fertilization of the egg, the fruit develops.
How to distinguish a rhizome from a root: biology will tell you
To understand this issue, you first need to remember what organs the body of higher plants consists of. This is the shoot and the root. The first one is aboveground part. Its components are the stem - the axis of the shoot, on which the leaves and buds are located. This organ serves for aerial nutrition and vegetative propagation. Under the ground there is a root that securely anchors the plant in the soil.
Plant organs and their modifications
To implement additional functions Plant organs are often modified. For example, cactus leaves turn into spines to reduce the rate of evaporation. The situation is different with leeks. Its leaves, on the contrary, accumulate water and nutrients in order to survive periods of cold and drought. How to distinguish a root from a rhizome if they are very similar in appearance and are located underground? To do this, you need to know the structural features of each of them.
Features of the root structure
A root is a plant's underground vegetative organ. There are three varieties of it: main, lateral and subordinate. Their combination forms the root system. It comes in several types. The tap root has a clearly defined main root, from which the lateral ones extend. It is typical for plants that need to obtain water from great depths. And the fibrous one grows in a bunch. It consists entirely of adventitious roots that occupy large area suction.
What is a rhizome?
How to distinguish a root from a rhizome? They both grow underground. However, the latter consists of elongated internodes. Therefore, we can conclude that the rhizome is an underground modification of the shoot. Bundles of adventitious roots grow on it, and the nodes contain buds and leaves with arcuate or parallel venation.
How to distinguish a root from a rhizome?
These organs have not only anatomical, but also functional features. By what characteristics are rhizomes distinguished from roots? The underground modified shoot is necessary for the supply of substances, so it often thickens, like that of the iris. Since ancient times, people have used rhizomes for vegetative propagation of plants. After all, it contains buds, leaves and roots - everything that is necessary for successful development young organism and the process of photosynthesis. Very often the rhizomes have weeds. Many gardeners know how difficult it is to get rid of wheatgrass. After all, if you tear out leaves or only part of an underground shoot from the soil, the entire organism will be restored from its remaining fragments.
The roots are also used for vegetative propagation of plants. However, leaves and buds do not grow on them. There are no chloroplasts in roots. This means that this organ does not carry out photosynthesis. The root anchors and holds the plant in the soil, from which it absorbs water with dissolved nutrients, providing an upward flow.
In our article we looked at how to distinguish a root from a rhizome. These organs have a number of significant features. The root is an obligatory vital organ of any plant; it has no buds or leaves, and is also devoid of chloroplasts. The rhizome is an underground modification of the shoot and is characteristic of certain plant species. For example, lily of the valley, coltsfoot, wheatgrass. Most often, the rhizome is located horizontally underground and serves for storing substances and vegetative propagation.
Source: fb.ru
What is the difference between a root and a rhizome?
Let's figure out what a root and rhizome are.
Root- a vegetative organ of plants, located, as a rule, underground, having a number of functions and qualities. This is one of the most important plant organs. Thanks to the root, the plant is held in the soil, through which the plant receives the substances necessary for its growth and development. The root grows deep and can reach a length of tens of meters (depending on the plant and conditions of detention). There are not only underground, but also above-ground roots (aerial), they are necessary for the plant to gain a foothold, to stay on any support, in addition, such roots absorb moisture in the air.
Rhizome is a kind of modified shoot of a plant (shrubs, perennial herbs), located underground, close to the surface. The rhizome differs from the root in that it may have leaves, buds, and adventitious roots. As a rule, the rhizome grows away from the plant itself, and not deep into it like a root. The main function is that the rhizome stores plant nutrients.
The root is thin, the rhizomes have branches.
The root grows vertically in the ground, while the rhizome, branching, takes a horizontal position.
But this is not the only difference.
A rhizome is a modified shoot: it has buds (from which a new plant subsequently appears), leaves (scales). The rhizome also, unlike roots, has nodes (where adventitious roots develop). Nutrients accumulate in it (the root is only an intermediary between small roots and the plant itself).
The root system is a combination of main, lateral and adventitious roots. The roots have a cap, which is absent from the rhizome.
First of all, the names are different. And naturally they different functions. On the one hand, the rhizome is primarily a continuation of the stem; most often it is in the underground part and therefore the rudiments of the leaves are preserved on it. And for many plants, for example strawberries, it is the rhizome that provides the opportunity for reproduction. But main function rhizomes are an accumulation of nutrients, as they say for more difficult times.
And the roots are either connected to the stem or to the rhizome and serve as a conduit for the delivery of nutrients to the rest of the plant. And the roots are, of course, thinner than the rhizome and there are much more of them.
Roots, rhizomes and tubers
Roots, rhizomes and tubers are a group of underground parts or organs various plants, collected during the period of dormancy, growth, i.e. in the fall, after the above-ground stem has withered, or early spring, before its development begins.
When collecting, care must be taken to collect only that underground part that has the largest supply of active principles (medicinal substances), i.e. if only the rhizome is required, then all the roots must be separated from it and, conversely, if only roots are needed, then they must be separated from the rhizome.
A rhizome is an underground stem of perennial herbaceous plants, in appearance very similar to the root. The rhizome differs from the root in that nodes with underdeveloped scaly leaves are noticeable on it or there are traces in the form of scars remaining after the leaves fall. The rhizome, therefore, just like the stem, can produce leaves on itself. Roots can grow on the stem, and on roots, and on leaves, but they themselves cannot form either leaves or stems.
A tuber is a highly expanded, swollen part of an underground shoot that serves as a site for the deposition of reserve nutrients; it is a modified underground stem.
The roots can be dried on outdoors without special devices, and in areas with rare rains - even without canopies. Thus, for example, licorice (licorice) roots are dried in huge quantities. The roots are folded into bundles (low, narrow, long), which after some time are moved from place to place in such a way that the lower layers of the root fall to the top. This accelerates drying and removes soil, sand and other impurities.
Roots that easily lose their active principles should be dried under well-ventilated shelters or in rooms and dryers.
Leaves
The leaves usually contain or are potent toxic substances- alkaloids (belladonna leaves, datura), or pungent substances with a laxative effect, or essential oils(leaves peppermint, lemon balm, etc.), or, finally, astringent, mucous substances (coltsfoot leaves, etc.).
The collected leaves must be cleared of stems, petioles (narrow parts of the leaf), various foreign parts and impurities.
It is best to dry the leaves in special dryers at a temperature of 30-45°. Leaves should be laid out on drying racks in such a way that they do not curl or bend and are laid with equal ends in the same direction.
In the leaves of some plants, in order to increase the yield of active principles, the petioles and midrib (nerve) must be removed after collection. To do this, the sheet is bent in half along the line of the median nerve and then the vein is cut off.
Flowers
The general name “flowers” in medicinal raw materials means not only dried or fresh flowers and inflorescences as a whole, but also their individual parts in the form of corollas, petals, etc. (for example, the medicinal raw material “mullein flowers” consists of the corollas and stamens of mullein, without calyxes and pistils).
As a rule, floral medicinal raw materials should consist of fully bloomed flowers. But the flowers of some types of raw materials, especially from the Asteraceae family, should be collected at the beginning of flowering.
Herbs
Medicinal herbs are usually called leaf-bearing and flower-bearing stems of plants, and in some cases the entire plant with roots and rhizomes, especially when the active principles are distributed more or less evenly in the above-ground and underground parts.
Medicinal herbs must have their natural appearance, smell, taste and a certain content of active principles. Herbs that have changed during long-term storage, have turned brown, have dark and black spots, or are caked are not allowed for consumption.
Dried herbs should be free of thick stems and foreign matter. Cut and crushed herbs should be stored in wooden or tin boxes, carefully closed, in a dry place.
Herbs are well dried in special dryers at temperatures from 30 to 45°. For herbs containing essential oils, reduce the temperature to prevent the oils from volatilizing.
When drying, the grass should be spread in a thin layer on canvases, tarpaulins, sieves, ensuring uniform drying of all parts of the plants.
Fruits, seeds and berries
Most fruits, especially single-seeded ones, are so similar in appearance to seeds that not only everyday life, but sometimes in the literature they are incorrectly called seeds.
The fruit is the formation that has developed from the fertilized ovary with all the remaining minor parts of the flower. It consists of one or more seeds. A dry fruit with an indehiscent thin pericarp is called “achene”. A fruit that splits into two achenes is called a “two-seeded” fruit.
A seed is a part of a fruit - a multicellular formation that contains the embryo of a plant in its shell.
The berry is a fruit with a fleshy and juicy pericarp, inside of which it usually contains large number seeds
Bark
In plants young The outer layer of the cortex consists of a number of cells, the outer wall of which is thickened and covered with a thin film (cuticle). As the plant grows, the number of rows of these cells increases noticeably and they change their appearance, forming a layer of cork tissue. This tissue consists of flat, dead, dark-colored, thick-walled cells superimposed on each other in regular rows.
The middle layer of the cortex consists of large, multifaceted, more delicate and thin-walled cells. This layer contains: chlorophyll, starch, tannins, essential oils, salts, resins and other substances, and sometimes individual cells or entire cavities are filled with some of these substances.
The inner layer is called the bast and consists of bast and conductive, so-called sieve, or lattice cells. Bast cells are thick-walled, long, spindle-shaped, with pointed ends with which they are connected to each other, forming long bast fibers. Essential oils, resins, alkaloids and other substances accumulate in the bast layer, as a result of which the bast is a rather valuable layer of bark.
The outer and middle layers are called the outer cortex, and the inner layer (secondary cortex, or phloem) is called the inner cortex.
The barks of older trees are thicker and richer in cork, but they are rougher and have less medicinal value. The bark of young trees and branches is thinner, softer, with less cork content, and therefore more valuable. Therefore, it is necessary to collect only the bark in which the cork layer is absent or poorly developed, since it does not contain medicinal substances.
To the question of how to distinguish a rhizome from a root. write how the given by the author differs Svetlana Kalinina (mezhevikina) the best answer is How can you not tell the difference?
The root transfers nutrients from the tree to smaller roots and drives water and other necessary salts upward from the roots.
And the Rhizome, in addition to transmission, also stores nutrients. It's thicker.
Source: The root tastes bad. And the rhizome is usually sweet. It's a pleasure to bite and gnaw on it.
Reply from 22 answers[guru]
Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: how to distinguish a rhizome from a root. write how they differ
Reply from Olga short[expert]
Reply from Irina Yeger[active]
The root is a special plant organ that absorbs and transmits nutrients and water. There are core (carrot) and fibrous (wheat).
A rhizome is a shoot, just modified. How to recognize him? If you look closely, it has buds and leaves and also ADDITIONAL ROOTS. For example, if you saw it, in wheatgrass. The main function is reproduction and storage of substances.
Reply from G s[newbie]
the root transfers nutrients, and the rhizome not only transfers nutrients but also stores
Reply from Miracle[newbie]
One thing was required: in the drawing or photo, indicate with an arrow: - this is a root, this is a rhizome.
When you dig, let alone undermine, a plant, the properties are not visible!
And I would like to know - except skin diseases, in what cases and proportions can the above-ground part of the plant be used and is it all?! Thanks for the answer.
Reply from Asmurygina[active]
Rhizome is a modified shoot, usually underground, with scaly, underdeveloped or early dying leaves, apical or axillary buds, and adventitious roots. The rhizome performs the function of storing nutrients, vegetative renewal and reproduction. In a tree, the rhizome is the main root (extension of the trunk), as well as the part of the roots protruding on the surface of the ground.
The rhizome can be:
simple or branched - according to the degree of branching;
horizontal, vertical or oblique - in the direction of growth;
long, short or very shortened (with knots close together) - in length;
thick or thin - according to thickness.
The root is an axial, (usually) underground vegetative organ of higher plants, possessing unlimited growth in length and positive geotropism. The root anchors the plant in the soil and ensures the absorption and conduction of water with dissolved minerals to the stem and leaves.
There are no leaves on the root, and there are no chloroplasts in the root cells.
In addition to the main root, many plants have numerous adventitious roots. The totality of all the roots of a plant is called the root system. In the case when the main root is slightly expressed, and the adventitious roots are significantly expressed, root system called fibrous. If the main root is significantly expressed, the root system is called tap root.
Some plants deposit reserve nutrients in the roots, such formations are called roots.