Most modern girls and women are quite well versed in issues and know its basic methods. Among which, by the way, there are some that are frankly outdated and no longer relevant. For example, the calendar method, when an approximate day is calculated ovulation or the method of interrupted coitus.
According to the scale used to assess the effectiveness of contraceptive methods ( Pearl index ), the above mentioned methods are extremely ineffective. The Pearl index for them is set at 25-40 and 18-27 points, respectively. For comparison, the barrier method of contraception, which uses condoms, and some other means score 2-3 points on this scale.
It is believed that the lower the Pearl index, the higher the protection against unplanned. Perhaps, among all the methods of contraception used to prevent pregnancy, the most effective are birth control pills ( , also known as COOK) , as well as some hormonal drugs, for example, injections or intrauterine devices.
Of course, pregnancy pills also have their disadvantages, however, according to experts, the advantages of such contraception more than offset all its negative aspects. Perhaps the main difficulty faced by women using birth control pills is the need to constantly, in other words, take these drugs daily.
Otherwise, if you miss the next dose of pills, the risk of becoming pregnant after sexual intercourse, during which, for example, barrier methods of contraception were not used, increases sharply. What to do in such a situation and what to drink to avoid getting pregnant? There is one correct answer to these questions - emergency contraceptives .
In medicine, the name used for this term is postcoital , i.e. emergency, fire or emergency contraception. This method is effective after unprotected sexual intercourse. In addition, emergency contraceptives will help avoid pregnancy when taking birth control pills on a regular basis if a woman was unable or forgot to take the medicine more than twice in a row.
All in all, emergency contraceptive pills used if and only if the main method of protection against unwanted conception has failed. Moreover, you need to have time to take such contraceptive pills after the act within 72 hours. Otherwise, even these emergency contraceptive pills specially designed for such situations will not help avoid unwanted pregnancy.
It is important to emphasize that, in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (hereinafter referred to as WHO), emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse should not be used by women on a regular basis. Since the hormonal compounds included in such medications can negatively affect not only reproductive function, but also the entire body as a whole.
Emergency contraception is still a gentler alternative surgical termination of pregnancy . But, like all medications, they should be taken correctly and not abused.
Before we look at emergency contraceptive pills in more detail and talk about how such drugs affect the body, it is worth dwelling on some basic issues related to the process of conception. In order to better understand in the future the mechanism of action of anti-pregnancy pills on the female body.
So, for pregnancy to occur, it must happen. This is the fusion of reproductive cells of partners (male spermatozoa and women's eggs ), resulting in the formation of cells zygotes (a diploid cell that can “give birth” to another cell). Sexual intercourse itself cannot be associated with the act of fertilization. Because not every contact between a man and a woman is for the purpose of procreation.
During unprotected intercourse, a man's sperm naturally enters a woman's vagina. It is noteworthy that the environment of the female body is detrimental to sperm. This is due to the high level of acidity in the vagina. Therefore, after ejaculation, the vast majority of sperm die. However, their most mobile part still penetrates into uterus and can lead to fertilization. How long before you can get pregnant after unprotected intercourse?
To answer this question, you need to understand that for conception the stars must, as they say, “align”, namely:
- It is during this period that a woman should ovulate; this phenomenon is characterized by the state of maturity of the egg. If for some reason during a break follicle the egg did not “release” in fallopian tube or has not reached its maturity, fertilization will not occur;
- a man’s sperm must be strong and mobile enough to overcome the acidic environment of the vagina and penetrate the structure of the egg;
- when the sperm and egg unite, the process of dividing the fertilized egg should begin;
- Implantation of the fertilized egg must occur during the process of its division into the walls of the uterus.
The entire fertilization process takes about seven days. It is during this period of time that the formation occurs embryo
, which with the help chorion
(predecessor placenta
) is fixed in the uterus, where it grows and develops over the next nine months. It is important to emphasize that there are often cases when emergency contraceptive pills are not dangerous for conception.
This means that even if you follow all the rules for using emergency contraceptive pills after intercourse (for example, they must be taken after a maximum of 72 hours to avoid pregnancy), fertilization may still occur. Of course, such cases are not the majority, and they are more likely to be exceptions. However, the possibility of “getting pregnant,” as an unwanted pregnancy is popularly called, is always there, even if you use conventional contraceptives.
Pills for unwanted pregnancy after intercourse are divided into two main categories:
- morning after pills , i.e. medications that are best taken within the next 24 hours after unprotected contact. In fact, a woman has a maximum of 72 hours for the pregnancy pills to take effect and help avoid fertilization;
- COC or (so-called Yuzpe method ).
As for oral contraceptives belonging to COCs or drugs from the mini-pill series, this is not essentially emergency contraception. After all, birth control pills must be taken constantly. However, there are varieties of such drugs that can be used as pills to prevent pregnancy after an act unprotected by any means of contraception.
As a rule, an increased dosage of birth control pills containing hormones or antihormones is used for these purposes. Also, emergency contraception methods include installation within 120 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse intrauterine device .
Emergency contraceptive pills are dangerous for pregnancy because they contain substances in their chemical composition that prevent fertilization. The main active compounds in tablets against pregnancy after unprotected intercourse can be either or antihormones .
The first compounds are biologically active substances that belong to squirrels or steroids and are produced by organs or tissues of a living organism. Hormones are transported through the bloodstream from organ to organ and are responsible for the physiological activities of the body, for example, its development and growth, metabolism, and so on.
As the name suggests antihormones
- These are compounds that act opposite to hormones. They suppress hormonal activity in the body.
It is noteworthy that antihormones, by their nature of exogenous or endogenous origin, are often structural analogues of the hormones that they suppress.
So, before wondering what emergency contraceptive pill to take to avoid getting pregnant, you should remember that drugs of this type may contain:
- , i.e. synthetic progestin (steroidal female sex hormone), found in such drugs as: , Tetragynon ;
- mifepristone , i.e. synthetic antiprogestin (antihormone), found in such contraceptives as: , Renomelan, Agesta, .
Levonorgestrel-based drugs
First let's talk about how it works levonorgestrel and preparations containing it. So, pregnancy-terminating pills related to emergency contraception after the first dose:
- immediately affect the chemical composition of mucus endocervix (cervical canal of the cervix) , also increasing its viscosity, thus slowing down the process of sperm penetration into the fallopian tube;
- act on the ovaries, preventing the release of a mature egg from the main follicle (subject to taking pills before ovulation), suppressing gonadotropic hormones, which ultimately blocks or delays the ovulation process;
- prevent the implantation of an egg fertilized by a sperm into the uterine walls for the further development of the embryo and the formation of a “baby” place. In order for fertilization to fail, levonorgestrel not only changes the structure of the endometrium, thereby preventing it from entering the secretory phase, without which ovulation does not occur, but also affects uterine (fallopian) tubes. As a result, the number of their contractions is significantly reduced, which makes it impossible for a fertilized egg to enter the uterine cavity.
It is important to emphasize that drinking the above listed drugs, which include levonorgestrel , only after consulting a doctor. In addition, you should definitely read the instructions included with the tablets. The thing is that these contraceptives contain enormous doses of hormones.
After taking them, a hormonal imbalance occurs in the female body, the consequences of which can be unpredictable. Therefore, experts classify such contraceptive methods as “disposable” means, which are highly recommended not to be used more than 4 times a year. In addition, it is strictly prohibited to use such emergency contraceptive drugs more than once per menstrual cycle.
Emergency contraceptive pills (they are also called “morning-after pills” due to the specific nature of their administration) - although an effective, but rather controversial method of protection against unplanned pregnancy. Doctors say that after just a single dose of such drugs, serious changes occur in the body, so it takes time to fully restore the functions of a woman’s reproductive system.
Mifepristone-based drugs
What can be said about the second group of emergency contraceptive drugs containing an antihormone? mifepristone – they act in almost the same way as levonorgestrel-containing birth control pills, i.e. Also:
- inhibit the ovulation process;
- change the structure of the endometrium, which makes it impossible for the fertilized egg to attach to the uterine walls;
- strengthen uterine contractions, due to such hyperreactivity, the fertilized egg is “expelled” from the uterine cavity.
It is worth noting that to protect against unwanted pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse, you can also use non-hormonal drugs
, for example, vaginal suppositories containing nonoxynol (Steridil, )
or ( , ).
The above drugs refer not only to methods of express contraception, since they have a spermicidal effect, their scope of application is much wider, due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal abilities.
The above names of pills for pregnancy after an act unprotected by any means of contraception are not all. Currently, any pharmacy has a good selection of such drugs. You can find out what emergency contraceptive pills are called directly from the pharmacist at the pharmacy, but it is better to ask your doctor about these questions. After all, any medicine (and contraceptives are no exception to this rule) has its own contraindications and side effects.
This is especially true for women when Breastfeeding (breastfeeding) or suffering from certain diseases in which large doses of hormones or antihormones can be fatal. Although there is no clear answer to the question of whether birth control pills related to postcoital contraception are harmful, since what will be good and effective for some may result in serious health problems for others, not a single woman should use this method of solving the problem of unwanted pregnancy without prior medical consultation.
Only a specialist will be able, firstly, to choose the right drug, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the patient (an ordinary person can simply get lost in the names of pills that say nothing about the composition, contraindications or side effects after an unprotected act). And, secondly, it is the doctor who will tell you how to take emergency contraceptives correctly so as not to harm your body and achieve the desired result.
There are several basic rules for taking postcoital contraceptive medications:
- It is necessary to strictly adhere to the period of use of such drugs. The vast majority of pills should be taken no later than 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. Many people have a question, how many days is 72 hours? It is well known that there are 24 hours in one day or in one day, therefore, 72 hours are three days or three days. It is believed that the first emergency contraceptive pill should be taken as early as possible, while the second should be taken optimally 12 hours after the first or a maximum of 16 hours. It is important to emphasize that the effectiveness of the tablets depends directly on the period of their use. It is believed that drugs with levonorgestrel most effective within 24 hours after sexual intercourse (95% effective). When taken after 48 hours, the effectiveness decreases to 85%, and after 72 hours - to 58%. Containing mifepristone The tablets are also taken no later than 72 hours from the moment of contact.
- It is important to adhere to the dosage indicated in the instructions for the drugs or prescribed by the doctor. As mentioned above, emergency contraceptive pills are taken twice after a certain period of time, for example, Postinor . However, this rule is not relevant for all drugs. Eskinor F or Escapelle (contain levonorgestrel ) And Genale , Gynepristone, (contain mifepristone ) drink one tablet within 72 hours from the moment of sexual intercourse.
- It is strictly forbidden to independently adjust the dosage of birth control pills. This can lead to the development of side effects, as well as provoke serious negative consequences ( bleeding, ). It is recommended not to eat food a couple of hours before taking emergency contraceptive pills and after, so that the biologically active compounds are better absorbed in the body. If vomiting occurs after taking the medications, you will have to take the pill again.
Combined oral contraceptives
It is also worth paying attention to the so-called Yuzpe contraceptive method . As mentioned earlier, well-known drugs can be used as emergency contraceptives. COCs (combined oral contraceptives). This method can be an excellent solution for those for whom, for some reason, pills related to postcoital contraception are contraindicated.
The following COCs can be used as emergency contraceptives: , Tetragynon, Ovral, and others. As a rule, such tablets contain hormones - estrogen, levonorgestrel, desogestrel, ethinyl estradiol And progestogen .
According to the instructions, you need to take one COC every day. However, this rule can be broken in an emergency to prevent unwanted pregnancy. The main thing is not to overdo it, so as not to harm the body. The following dosages of COCs are considered safe for:
- from 2 to 4-5 tablets (depending on the type of COC) at the first dose, which should take place no later than three days or 72 hours after sexual intercourse;
- the same number of tablets should be taken 12 hours after the first COC intake.
The effectiveness of this method also depends on the time of taking the drugs. That is, the earlier a woman takes the pill, the greater the likelihood that ovulation will not occur and fertilization will not occur.
Contraindications
We talked about how not to get pregnant after a “no strings attached” act. Now it’s time to discuss the negative aspects of emergency contraception and determine who should not resort to the help of such an uncompromising method.
There is no benefit from emergency contraceptive pills, apart from, of course, the psycho-emotional peace of mind of a woman - this is a fact. How much and what harm can they do?
levonorgestrel drugs:
- at pathologies of the biliary tract ;
- for liver diseases, for example, liver failure ;
- in cases where the pregnancy was confirmed by a gynecologist, i.e. the fertilized egg was successfully implanted into the uterine walls;
- when the patient’s age is 16 years or less;
- at lactose intolerance ;
- in case of malabsorption galactose and glucose ;
- for some gastrointestinal diseases, for example, Crohn's disease ;
- at ;
- in the presence of tumors sensitive to changes hormonal levels ;
- at menstrual irregularities ;
- at ;
- in case of malfunctions hemostasis systems .
It is prohibited to use containing mifepristone drugs:
- at liver failure ;
- at porphyria ;
- at renal failure ;
- in case of malfunctions hemostasis (blood clotting) systems ;
- upon admission glucocorticoids , For example, , and so on;
- upon admission anticoagulants ;
- at adrenal insufficiency ;
- with confirmed pregnancy;
- when breastfeeding; P
- in the presence of certain diseases in the chronic stage;
- at anemia ;
- women over the age of thirty-five;
- with ectopic pregnancy.
Of course, any woman has the right to independently decide which modern methods of contraception or even traditional methods to use to protect against unwanted pregnancy. However, you always need to think about what harmful consequences may occur for the body when taking certain drugs.
Emergency or “fire” contraceptive pills can be dangerous:
- risk of developing later ectopic pregnancy , which is caused by a disruption in the process of transporting a fertilized egg to the place of its attachment in the uterus for further development;
- risk of uterine bleeding , which even medical workers do not always cope with successfully;
- risk infertility , this is especially true for young women whose menstrual cycle has not yet established;
- risk of developing Crohn's disease , a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which affects all its parts (from the oral cavity to the rectum);
- risk of increased thrombosis , which is provoked by high doses of hormones contained in all “next” day pills without exception, which leads to , and even lethal effect.
According to reviews from women who have experienced the effects of emergency contraceptive pills, the most common side effects of these drugs are:
- nausea;
- allergic reactions as rash And skin itching;
- swelling or breast tenderness (mastalgia);
- lower abdominal pain;
- severe headaches;
- stress ;
- emotional instability.
Abortion pills. Price, where to buy, how to use correctly
So-called pharmabort or medicinal often associated with emergency contraception. However, this is far from the same thing. Of course, both drugs help to avoid unwanted pregnancy, but the mechanism of action and the time of taking the so-called abortion pills are different.
Let's talk about the main differences between medical abortion, which, according to many experts, is safer than surgical intervention, for example, vacuum aspiration
or scraping.
Until what time can abortion pills be effective in terminating an unwanted pregnancy?
So, as we previously mentioned, after an unprotected act, birth control pills, which are classified as emergency contraception, can protect you from pregnancy for 72 hours. Medicines for medical abortion are used when pregnancy has already occurred.
So, when can you use abortion pills or until when? These medications can be taken in the early stages of pregnancy (up to 42 days amenorrhea -the first day of the last menstrual cycle).
This means that abortion pills have an effect on the course of pregnancy up to the sixth week and up to the seventh week.
It is worth noting that abortion pills are most effective on the fertilized egg that is still weakly attached to the uterus for up to four weeks.
During this period, the hormonal background of the female body has not yet reached the peak of its changes and you can resort to the help of medications to terminate an unwanted pregnancy.
It should be noted that abortion pills should not be taken without medical supervision. Although this method of abortion is considered safer than surgical intervention, not everything always goes smoothly and without negative consequences for the female body.
To exclude possible harm to health, you must definitely consult with a gynecologist, and also take this type of pill only in his presence, so that a qualified specialist can provide quick help (for example, if heavy bleeding occurs) and prevent a serious outcome of a medical abortion. Unfortunately, not many people think about how dangerous abortion pills can be.
After all, you can even die from them if complications arise and doctors do not provide the woman with urgent medical care. Therefore, drugs for medical abortion containing mifepristone (steroidal antiprogestagenic substance of synthetic origin), for example, or taken once in a dosage of no more than 200 mg exclusively under medical supervision.
Mifegin , a drug produced by a French manufacturer, like its domestic counterpart Mifeprex contain in their chemical composition the same biologically active substance mifepristone , which blocks production progesterone due to its effect on progesterone receptors. During a normal pregnancy, such as progesterone , produced corpus luteum of the ovaries , forms endometrium , the main function of which is to create the best conditions for development embryo .
The action of mifepristone-containing drugs gives the exact opposite effect ( myometrium shrinks, increases in growth prostaglandins ), which ultimately leads to the prevention of unwanted pregnancy. After a maximum of 48 hours have passed after using the abortion pills, the woman should complete the medical abortion and take medications such as or Gemeprost .
These are analogs of prostaglandins that stimulate the process of “expulsion” of the fetus from the uterus. It is very important to understand that in order to avoid serious complications, the patient must be under mandatory medical supervision for 2 hours after taking the above medications.
In order to be completely sure that a termination of pregnancy has occurred, the woman needs to undergo an ultrasound two days after the procedure, and then re-appear for an appointment with the gynecologist two weeks later. According to experts, the effectiveness of this method reaches 99%. However, in some cases, abortion pills do not completely help get rid of the fetus, and then the woman has to undergo such unpleasant procedures as:
- abrasion (in common parlance scraping ) is an operation aimed at removing the fertilized egg, as well as some pathological formations on the mucous membranes of the uterus;
- vacuum aspiration (in everyday life the name is more common mini abortion ) is a method of abortion in which the fetus is removed from the uterus using a special vacuum suction.
As we said above, medical abortion is considered the most gentle way to terminate an unplanned pregnancy, since there is no mechanical effect on the uterus. As a result, its mucous membranes are not damaged, which eliminates many possible complications. However, this method also has a number of contraindications for which the use of abortion pills is prohibited:
- inflammatory diseases of the ovaries or uterus;
- ectopic pregnancy ;
- scars on the uterus , due to previous operations;
- some gastrointestinal diseases .
The following complications may occur during a medical abortion:
- bleeding in the uterus;
- allergic reactions;
- nausea;
- sharp pain in the abdomen;
- incomplete abortion, those. a situation in which pregnancy progresses because fetal rejection has not occurred;
- blood pressure surges;
- vomit.
Price of birth control pills
The price of postcoital contraceptive pills depends on several factors. Firstly, the cost is affected by the manufacturer of the drugs, secondly, the number of tablets in the package, and thirdly, the region where the contraceptives are sold. For example, such popular and widespread tablets as Postinor in Ukraine the average price is 200 hryvnia, and in Russia 350 rubles.
How much do abortion pills cost? The price of this type of drug depends primarily on its manufacturer. In addition, as we mentioned earlier, pharmacological abortion is a medical procedure that should only be performed under the supervision of a doctor. Therefore, to the cost of the abortion pills themselves is added the price of the services of a gynecologist who will monitor the patient and be able to provide her with timely assistance if something does not go as planned.
Recently it has become widespread. The method of termination is chosen by the doctor taking into account the age, duration and general condition of the woman. Drugs for early termination of pregnancy are being improved and new forms are being produced that provide greater reliability with a minimum of side effects.
How do pharmacological drugs work?
After examination by a gynecologist and carrying out all the necessary procedures, the doctor prescribes a suitable drug that will ensure termination of pregnancy. The effect of such drugs is to block the production of a hormone that supports the normal course of pregnancy - progesterone, as a result of which a so-called miscarriage occurs.
For a woman, this method of terminating a pregnancy is easier both physically and psychologically, because it looks like regular periods, only more abundant and longer.
Drugs for early termination of pregnancy were developed in France back in the 80s, but became widespread much later. Now there is a wide variety of medications that provide the desired effect.
Benefits of pharmacological abortion
Medical abortion has many advantages over surgical abortion:
- easy psychological tolerance of the procedure;
- absence of damage to the cervix or endometrium of the uterus, due to which the woman will not have problems with pregnancy in the future, whereas after a surgical abortion a woman can often no longer become pregnant;
- the high efficiency of the drugs used (more than 95%), this makes it possible to safely and reliably terminate pregnancy at an early stage.
This method is optimal for nulliparous women, as it eliminates problems with re-pregnancy and does not cause scarring on the cervix. Drugs for medical abortion are considered safe and effective if they are used as prescribed by a doctor and under his strict guidance.
When is the best time to perform a pharmacological abortion?
Early-acting drugs are more effective when used before 4 weeks of pregnancy. The deadline for the possible use of pharmacological abortion is 6 weeks. However, in this case, the drug may not provide the desired effect and the pregnancy will not be terminated.
This course of events is strongly influenced by the characteristics of the menstrual cycle and other individual indicators of a particular woman. That is why, if you want to have an abortion using drugs to terminate a pregnancy in the early stages, you need to do this as early as possible so that the effect of the medication is as effective as possible.
Contraindications for medical abortions
There are contraindications for any interventions in the physiological processes of the body. Carry out pharmacological treatment for:
- uterine fibroids;
- blood diseases;
- the presence of allergic reactions to the components of the drugs;
- gastrointestinal infections;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- the presence of scars on the tissue of the uterus or cervix;
- adrenal insufficiency;
- the presence of any sexually transmitted infections.
In order to exclude the development of complications, before an abortion you need to conduct a full examination and select the appropriate drug. The name of the drug for abortion can only be said by the attending physician, who has all the necessary test results for the patient.
Characteristics of "Postinor"
Women are often interested in the question of which abortion drugs can be used immediately after unprotected intercourse. One of these drugs is Postinor. The active ingredient of the drug is levonorgestrel. It ensures thickening of the endometrium, as a result of which the fertilized egg cannot implant into the wall of the uterus.
The drug is used exclusively for emergency contraception and provides its effect only for several days after unprotected sexual intercourse. The package contains two tablets, one of which must be taken immediately after sexual intercourse, and the second after 12 hours.
If vomiting occurs after taking the first tablet, the second one should be taken immediately. This method of contraception should be used as rarely as possible. Taking emergency contraception in the same menstrual cycle is prohibited, as this can lead to heavy bleeding and hormonal problems.
The use of the drug does not provide a 100% guarantee of termination of pregnancy and has many side effects. This is why Postinor has recently been replaced by more effective and safe drugs. Medicines for abortion are tested for a long time before being prescribed to a woman.
Characteristics of "Ginepristone"
Used as a postcoital contraceptive. Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, it affects the rate of ovulation, slowing it down and thereby preventing fertilization, or changes the thickness of the myometrium, preventing the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall.
Contraindicated in case of hepatic, renal and adrenal insufficiency, individual intolerance to mifepristone. After administration, it causes side effects from the central nervous system (dizziness, headache), nausea and vomiting, as well as weakness, pain in the lower abdomen and urticaria.
Characteristics of "Genale"
"Genale" is a French drug for abortion. Used immediately after unprotected sexual intercourse. Provides obstacles to fertilization or implantation of the egg (depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle).
The active ingredient is mifepristone. These drugs are not effective, but can cause pathologies in fetal development. Therefore, it is not recommended to take the drug after 72 hours after sexual intercourse. In this case, it is necessary to undergo an examination and undergo a medical abortion using other drugs.
Characteristics of "Mifegin"
Mifegin is the most common and safe drug used for pharmacological abortion. The active ingredient is mifepristone. The appointment must be carried out as prescribed by a doctor in his presence. In case of overdose, adrenal insufficiency may occur.
Once in the body, it affects the uterine receptors, blocking the production of progesterone. As a result, the embryo dies and is rejected, the cervix opens, muscle contractions of the uterus occur and the fertilized egg is excreted with menstrual blood from the woman’s genitals. Abortion drugs at this stage act within 6-8 hours.
It is important to note that to increase the effectiveness of the drug, it is necessary to prescribe prostaglandins, which cause muscle contractions, with the help of which the embryo will be pushed out of the uterus. If you take painkillers during this period, the effectiveness of the drug will be significantly reduced. And the dead embryo can remain in the uterine cavity, causing serious consequences.
Before taking the pills, you must be examined by a gynecologist and have a pelvic ultrasound done. This is necessary to confirm pregnancy and determine the site of attachment of the fertilized egg, since termination of an ectopic pregnancy with this medication is prohibited. Early abortion medications do not affect the developing fetus outside the uterus.
In some cases, unexpected side effects may occur, such as severe bleeding requiring medical intervention, continued development of pregnancy, death of the fetus without removing it from the uterus, and others.
Characteristics of "Mifepristone"
"Mifepristone" is a synthetic steroidal antigestagen that causes contractile activity of the myometrium. After taking it, you may experience severe weakness, dizziness, nausea, and diarrhea. Breastfeeding should be stopped for 3 days after taking the drug.
Drugs for medical abortion, which have a validity period of up to 9 weeks, are used more often than other analogues. In combination with the drug, Misoprostol is prescribed, which stimulates contractions and blocks the uterine receptors that secrete progesterone.
Mifepristone can also be prescribed in other cases:
- to stimulate labor in the event of intrauterine fetal death;
- for up to 12 weeks to cause dilation of the cervix;
- at a period of 13-22 weeks it is used to normalize the action of prostaglandins.
Abortion drugs are taken only after a thorough examination in the presence of a doctor.
Characteristics of "Pencrofton"
"Pencrofton" is a Russian-made drug. It is an effective means for terminating pregnancy, causing virtually no side effects or complications. Pharmacological abortion is quite easy for a woman psychologically, and also does not damage the integrity of the uterine cavity and cervix, so that the woman will not have problems in the future if she wants to get pregnant.
Abortion drugs are not sold without a prescription; they can only be purchased after a full examination in a special medical institution. The drug is taken only in the presence of a doctor, after which you need to be under the supervision of medical workers for some time in order to prevent unforeseen consequences of an abortion and, if necessary, receive the necessary help in a timely manner.
Characteristics of "Mytholian"
It is a complete analogy of Mifepristone; all indications and contraindications are also practically the same. Only a doctor can tell you the name of the abortion drug that is suitable for a particular woman after an examination.
After taking the tablet, the patient should be observed for several hours to identify possible side effects or complications. After 36-48 hours, an ultrasound examination is performed to determine whether a complete miscarriage has occurred and whether the fertilized egg or parts of it remain in the uterine cavity.
If this is not done, the remaining embryo, decomposing in the uterus, will cause intoxication of the body and, in especially severe cases, can cause the death of the patient or the need to remove the uterus.
To familiarize yourself with the features of medical abortion and study in more detail drugs for abortion, reviews can be found in the public domain on any of the pharmacological agents.
Unlike primitive times, today you can get rid of an unwanted pregnancy using different methods, which depend on the period and condition of the woman. However, in most cases, the priority is to terminate pregnancy using special drugs without surgery.
More benefits
Firstly, women tolerate this abortion much easier, not only physically, but also psychologically. The consequence of taking these drugs is bleeding, reminiscent of menstrual bleeding, but longer.
For the first time, miracle tablets with the active ingredient mifepristone were produced in the 80s in France. After 6 years of clinical studies in animals, they began to be used in early pregnancy in women. The essence of the effect is to block the action of the hormone progesterone, which ensures normal pregnancy in the first months.
In addition, the advantage of pharmacological abortion is the absence of trauma to the cervix and endometrium (which often happens during surgery), the possibility of use on an outpatient basis, and high efficiency (approximately 95%). But the main thing is that this method is an excellent option for girls who have not yet given birth, since after a surgical abortion, most can no longer have children.
The many faces of Mifepristone
Mifepristone is the international name of a medical drug belonging to the group of antiprogestogens. Its action is based on blocking the impulse to gestagen receptors. Today, Mifepristone is produced by a large number of pharmaceutical companies, so its generics have different names:
- Mytholian,
- Mifeprex,
- Pencrofton.
It should be noted that each of the products requires certain conditions of use, on average for up to six weeks (the last period is the 42nd day from the first day of the last menstruation). It is important to add that terminating pregnancy with medications in the early stages (up to a month) is much more effective than from 4 to 6 weeks.
Mifegin has been successfully used throughout the world for many years. It blocks the uterine receptors, which causes embryo rejection. As a result of contraction and softening of the uterus, its cervix opens and the fertilized egg is released. On average, this process lasts 6–8 hours. To enhance muscle contractions, special agents (prostaglandins) are prescribed. However, if non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used in parallel, the effect of mifegin is reduced.
By the way, Mifegin is considered one of the most reliable. Its effectiveness is as close as possible to 100% with a minimum of side effects, including allergic reactions.
Using Mifegin is effective for up to 6 weeks, then the effectiveness decreases. An important condition for the use of this remedy is an exception, which can be seen in.
Side effects, which are possible in 5–15% of cases, depend on the individual characteristics of the woman’s body and the duration of the interesting situation. Sometimes pregnancy can develop further, but the fetus can die and remain in the uterus. If the bleeding becomes more severe, then medical intervention will be required.
Misoprostol (Cytotec) is a drug that activates contractions that end. Such termination of pregnancy is recommended up to 9 weeks.
In addition, as directed by the manufacturer, this drug can be used to induce labor. For example, in case of intrauterine fetal death, for dilatation of the cervix before surgery for up to 12 weeks, to enhance the effects of prostaglandins in the 13-22nd week.
This remedy must be used exclusively in specialized medical institutions, after a thorough examination and consultation with a qualified specialist. After using the prescribed dose, the patient remains under the supervision of doctors for at least 2 hours. An ultrasound is often performed after 36–48 hours.
Mytholian
Mifolian is a complete analogue of mifepristone, a synthetic steroidal antigestagenic agent that helps increase myometrial contractility. The main active ingredient is mifepristone, which is contained in each tablet of 200 mg.
Pencrofton
Pencrofton is an effective and virtually complication-free drug that is manufactured in Russia. It is used for up to 6 weeks. Pencrofton protects the integrity of the cervix and uterine cavity.
Features of the procedure
It should be emphasized that all medications for medical abortion are not sold in pharmacies. They are delivered exclusively to specialized medical institutions, and are accepted only under the supervision of a specialist. After taking the pills, the patient is left in the hospital for 1–2 hours, since during this period the fetus begins to be rejected. If there are no adverse reactions, then re-administration is prescribed after 3-4 days.
Stages of medical abortion
1st - the doctor carries out an initial examination to exclude contraindications, and conducts such necessary studies as a blood test, ultrasound, smear for flora. The purpose of the examination is to confirm pregnancy, determine its location (you should make sure that the fertilized egg is actually in the uterine cavity) and determine the gestational age.
The doctor then informs the patient of the sequence of follow-up visits, information about likely symptoms, the procedure itself, and the small (approximately 3.5%) likelihood of ineffectiveness of the method, which may require surgery. Upon completion of the information, the woman signs the consent form to terminate the pregnancy. Then, under the supervision of a doctor, she takes the first dose of the drug. Under the influence of this dose, the fertilized egg peels off from the wall of the uterine cavity.
2nd - begins 36–48 hours after completion of the first stage. Its purpose is to remove the fertilized egg from the uterine cavity. To do this, the patient is prescribed a drug that contracts the uterus. It can be taken at home, but in many clinics women need to be under the supervision of a doctor for 2-3 hours.
3rd - the doctor verifies the effectiveness of the method used. That is, if the fertilized egg comes out of the uterine cavity, the result is considered positive. Otherwise, the procedure ends in surgical abortion, but such cases are rare.
When taking medication, you should always be in touch with your doctor, avoid physical activity, visits to the sauna, swimming pool and sex. If these conditions are not met, complications may occur.
Pills to terminate early pregnancy are used due to the minimal number of possible consequences for the body.
Medicines must be taken under the strict supervision of a doctor to prevent infertility. There is no negative effect on the uterine mucosa.
Important! Abortion pills are the best alternative to surgical intervention in the body.
Medical abortion shows maximum effectiveness in the early stages. The drugs are not used if the pregnancy period exceeds 3-4 weeks.
Before taking it, it is important to consult with a gynecologist, who will study possible contraindications, as well as the individual characteristics of the body.
Pharmaceuticals offer a wide selection of tablets that can be used for up to five weeks.
The following advantages can be highlighted:
- If By taking medications correctly and under the strict supervision of a doctor, infertility can be ruled out. The uterine mucosa is not affected by aggressive substances, so secondary infertility in women can be prevented.
- Minimum number of negative consequences. With medical termination of pregnancy, the cervix and mucous tissue remain intact. Any pathological processes are excluded.
- Procedure can be done at home. But before taking the drug you need to consult a gynecologist.
There are several effective means for terminating an unwanted pregnancy, which are sold in pharmacies without a prescription:
| Drug name | Peculiarities | Price in rubles |
| Mifegin | This is a drug that suppresses the intense production of progesterone, blocks uterine receptors, and promotes rapid embryo rejection. After consumption, the walls of the uterus contract and become soft. The drug is not used for a long period of time |
3000 |
| Mifepristone | This is an antiprogestogen drug that is combined with Misoprostol. Stimulates contractions and fetal rejection. The drug can be used for up to 10 weeks after a complete examination |
3500 |
| Pencrofton | The product is designed to terminate an unwanted pregnancy up to 5-6 weeks. This is a synthetic hormonal drug. It has a minimal number of side effects and can be used during the first pregnancy. When purchasing from a pharmacy, a pharmacist may require a prescription from a doctor. |
The price can be found at the pharmacy. This information is not disclosed on the Internet. |
| Postinor | The product should be used after unprotected sexual intercourse, but no later than 3 days. It is sold without a prescription and consultation with a gynecologist | 350-500 |
| Mifeprex | The medication is intended for use after unprotected sexual intercourse. Bloody discharge occurs after use | 500-800 |
How to take abortion pills and until when
Before taking abortion pills, you should consult a specialist.
Women may need to undergo the following tests:
- Examination using a gynecological speculum.
- Taking vaginal swabs.
- Determination of blood group by Rh factor.
- Confirmation or rejection of hepatitis group C or B disease.
- Blood test for hCG.
- Ultrasound examination of the uterine cavity.
- Carrying out a coagulogram.
Each individual drug has its own instructions, dosages and information about how long it can be taken.
Below is a method of use using Mifepristone and Misoprostol as an example. Each person must strictly follow all recommendations and instructions. It is strictly forbidden to increase the dosage on your own.
Mifepristone is one of the best drugs that effectively stops the production of progesterone.
The drug is dangerous to use in the second trimester of pregnancy. After using Mifepristone, two days later you need to take a second drug - Misoprostol. Dosage for women – 2 tablets.
The instructions for the drug indicate that it can be taken in several ways:
- Place under the tongue and wait until completely dissolved.
- Insertion into the vagina.
- Buccal method. The tablet is placed in the space between the gum and cheek.
Note! Each method is quite effective, but experts advise dissolving the tablets under the tongue one by one.
Thanks to this method of use, vomiting can be prevented, and the duration of action of the drug increases several times.
With this sequence of use of these two drugs, the active activity of the uterus is stimulated.
A woman experiences cramping pain in the lower abdomen, and bleeding appears and intensifies. The fertilized egg separates from the walls of the uterus and exits through the genital tract.
For five days after taking Misoprostol, the woman continues to have bleeding. Their volume is twice as large as during normal menstruation.
On average, the duration of discharge is observed for two weeks. After 8-10 days, it is necessary to do an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.
Contraindications and possible consequences
There are absolute and relative contraindications to performing a medical abortion:
- Ectopic pregnancy.
- Infectious and inflammatory processes in the body.
- Bronchial asthma of the last stage.
- Obstructive pulmonary disease (moderate and severe).
- Liver and kidney failure.
- Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
- History of chronic and acute infective endocarditis.
- Arterial hypertension.
- Bad habits and smoking.
- Uterine fibroids and breastfeeding.
It is important to always remember that medical termination of pregnancy can have its consequences.
The most common include:
- Impaired functioning of the ovaries, so women may experience problems with ovulation and conception.
- Infectious diseases of the internal organs of the pelvis.
- Infection of the uterus due to incomplete abortion.
- Hormonal dysfunction.
- Excessive bleeding if the exact dosage is not observed.
Due to the affordable cost of drugs for medical abortion, many women resort to this method.
Taking pills to terminate an unwanted pregnancy should only be done under the strict supervision of a doctor.
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It is fundamentally important to exclude the risk of ectopic pregnancy before taking the pills; otherwise, there is a certain risk to the woman’s life. You should definitely seek advice from a gynecologist, as self-medication can lead to serious negative consequences. Among the advantages of such drugs: no need to go to the hospital; no anesthesia or surgical intervention required; the risk of developing infertility is almost zero; fetal rejection is almost similar to the untimely arrival of menstruation.
Tablet options
Most pills are designed to terminate a pregnancy of up to six weeks (42 days). It should be remembered that during their action, blood clotting worsens, and pain in the lower abdomen is often observed. In connection with taking drugs, cases of inflammatory processes in the genital organs have been noted, and the risk of tumor formation increases.
"Mifegin" (a French-made drug) is characterized by an effectiveness that is as close as possible to 100%. The price starts from 3000 rubles. Can be used for up to six weeks.
Mifeprex is effective and well tolerated. Its price is from 1500 rubles. Duration of use is up to six weeks.
"Mifepristone 72." The pharmacy usually requires a prescription for this drug. The price range for it is very large - 3-5 thousand rubles. The term for termination of pregnancy is up to six weeks from the moment of conception.
"Mifolian" (active ingredient -) is sometimes used to speed up natural childbirth. The price of the drug is from 1,200 rubles, but it is much easier to find in a antenatal clinic than in pharmacies. Duration – up to six weeks.
"Pencrofton" (active ingredient - mifepristone) is acceptable for use as emergency contraception. Has a low likelihood of complications. Price – from 15,000 rubles. Can be used for up to six weeks.
For emergency contraception immediately after unprotected intercourse, you can use Postinor. Moreover, the first tablet should be taken as soon as possible, and the second - 12 hours after the first. Postinor provides an 85% guarantee against unwanted pregnancy. The price of the drug is from 230 rubles, it is contraindicated for teenagers, and you should consult a doctor before use.
General contraindications to taking medications
Any pills of this kind are taken only under the supervision of a doctor, followed by consultations and ultrasound. But there are also absolute contraindications such as: tumors (malignant and benign), diseases of the adrenal glands, inflammation of the genital organs, impaired blood clotting. Smokers are at risk, especially those over 30 years of age, as the drug can cause complications in their cardiovascular system.
The procedure for medical termination of pregnancy is not performed in case of renal failure and severe pulmonary diseases, as well as in case of allergy to mifepristone and suspected ectopic pregnancy. Contraindications are also heart and vascular diseases, liver failure and inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract.