How to install a feedback alarm yourself. Rules and procedure for installing alarms. What a vehicle owner needs to know about alarms

In the practice of an auto electrician, for one order to install an alarm system on a car, there are two orders to dismantle it.

Therefore, before you start installing an alarm system on a car with your own hands, you should deal with common reasons alarm malfunctions, measures to minimize them related to its installation, sequence of work, necessary skills and tools for their implementation.

Frequent car alarm malfunctions

As a rule, the reason for removing a car alarm from a car is its incorrect operation, namely:

• arbitrary transition of the alarm system to emergency mode, especially in dark time days;
• failure of the engine starting system;
• malfunction of the central locking system.

When purchasing a used car, the first thing you should pay attention to is the set of keys. If it contains non-standard key fobs, it means that during operation the car was equipped with an additional alarm system.

There is nothing reprehensible in this, but it will be useful if the former owner of the car gives you information about the technician who installed the alarm.

Usually the master himself, based on own experience decides which type of vehicle locking is most effective in case of unauthorized access. He assembles the circuit according to his decisions.

The fuel pump, the engine control unit (main relay), the voltage to the injectors, in short, everything that will prevent your engine from starting, can be blocked.

Therefore, if you have information about a car alarm installer, it is better to call him immediately and find out what he usually blocks. Of course, it’s not a fact that the alarm operator will remember about your car; on the contrary, he forgot it a long time ago, but what if you get lucky?

The typical trouble-free operation life of car alarms is five to seven years, and only if it is installed correctly. Then almost all alarms begin to fail. By this time, the documentation for it had been lost; the technicians who installed the alarm changed their place of work. Sometimes it's easier to uninstall the previous version and install a new one new alarm than to constantly face the problems of the old one.

Upon restoration of functionality old alarm system All documentation for it can be found on the Internet. The inscriptions on the key fob or alarm unit (it is usually located in the area of ​​the driver’s left knee behind the dashboard) help determine the model. Numerous abnormal wires under the steering wheel can also lead to it.

To unlock the alarm, it is important to find the secret one VALET button. You should also ask about its location when buying a used car and do not forget to inform the happy buyer of your car.

Which car alarm is better - what criteria should you use to choose it?

Type selection

If you decide to install or replace an old alarm system in your car, you should initially start from where the car is parked. If the car is parked at night under the entrance to a four-story building, a simple siren and light message about unauthorized access is sufficient. Then you can install an inexpensive one-way car alarm.

More sophisticated, equipped with digital displays that can report additional information about the condition of the vehicle systems. However, installing such car alarms requires special skills.

Eat car alarms with GSM, which work in the field of GSM signal vision, that is, almost everywhere. You won't worry about your car even while on a business trip.

At the next stage of selection, you need information about your car, first of all, whether it is equipped CAN-tire. This local network inside the car, which connects all the main control units of the car, a kind of mini-Internet model inside the car.

It is much easier to install an alarm via CAN bus. No need to run wires to all sensors, doors, trunk, hood. I found a CAN bus, connected it to it, and it will transmit information about the state of the doors, turning on the ignition, engine temperature and much, much more to the alarm system.

There's just one problem. It happens that when it is stolen, all you need to do is disconnect the alarm unit from the CAN bus, and the connection with the car will be severed. In this regard, there is advice: never unnecessarily display your car key fob in the presence of strangers, even girls. Having information about the type of alarm you have makes the task of theft much easier.

IN recent years, especially in harsh Russian conditions, convenient to install car alarm with auto start. This is a type of alarm that allows you to remotely warm up the car while in a warm room.

The problem with installing it is that everything modern cars A standard immobilizer is installed, which requires the presence of a key in the car. You can, of course, install a transponder, but even in this case the key or chip will have to be left in the car.

It is better to equip the car with an additional alarm sensor. There are car alarms that already have a built-in crawler function. In this case, when purchasing an alarm, you should choose a car alarm that supports your car model.

Even based on this and other information, it is better to purchase a car alarm not in an online store, but in a stationary location where there is a good consultant. This is the case when you decide to install the alarm yourself.

If you install a car alarm at a specialized service station or from a trusted technician, they will tell you which type of alarm is more adapted to the model of your car.

Brand selection

Most car alarm models are presented in various classes. When choosing specific model alarms are traditionally based on price-quality ratio.

In relation to car alarms, additional functional characteristics are added, namely:

• availability of additional options;
• ability to adapt to CAN bus;
• telematics support;
• autostart;
• ease of installation.

Experts determined according to characteristics and customer reviews optimal models in three classes of car alarms:

1. Budget class. Traditionally, the leaders of this class include car alarm Tomahawk, Red Scorpio and Alligator. The price of alarms is about 5,000 rubles.
2. Two-way car alarms. Here the indispensable leader is domestic Pandora alarm(price approximately 30,000 rubles). Next come StarLine (about 11,000 rubles), KGB G-5 (8,000 rubles). In models of this class you can also find more inexpensive versions with a lower cost.
3. Car alarms with telematics. The leaders in this class are representatives of Ghost and Pandect. Their price starts from 12,000 rubles and depends on functionality.

Pros and cons of self-installation

Let us immediately note that in order to install an alarm system on a car with your own hands, you must have the following knowledge and skills:

• reading electrical diagrams;
• electrical wiring installation skills;
• availability of a set of plumbing tools, an electrician’s set and a multimeter;
• accuracy and perseverance.

If you know how to install additional equipment (amplifier, radio, parking sensors, etc.), it’s not a fact yet, then you can install a car alarm.

Some, even experienced auto electricians, do not undertake the installation of car alarms. As a rule, the service station staff has signaling specialists for this purpose.

Pros

• low cost of work (not zero, since you will have to purchase consumables yourself, and labor costs increase three times);
• By installing the alarm yourself, you will definitely be able to maintain and repair it;
• it is possible to create unconventional modes for blocking and triggering the alarm, thereby increasing its effectiveness;
• If you are a neat person, you will probably be extremely meticulous about the quality of installation work, and this will greatly increase the uptime.

Cons

• an experienced alarm technician can install a car alarm “blindly”, it is much easier for him to find the conductors to which to connect, and there are a lot of them in the car, you will have to spend hours on this;
• installing a car alarm on your own will void the warranty on the alarm (there are also cases on a car). Tip: Request a warranty card upon purchase with the seller's stamp, check it to see if it supports the warranty and what documents it (or the warranty shop) requires in warranty case. In any case, leave documents to the service station about the installation of equipment and its address. Installation expensive alarms It is not recommended to do it on your own;
• dismantling and installation work in the cabin, necessary for access to the electrical equipment of the car and electrical installation work They require special tools and certain skills, otherwise there is a risk of damage to interior elements. If you have a new car, it is better not to start installation yourself without such skills;
• When installing car alarms with auto start, serious problems with the immobilizer may arise, which are difficult to solve without a car electrician.

The sequence of installing a car alarm with your own hands

Initially, you need to prepare the following tools, measuring equipment and consumables:

• a set of metalworking tools, maybe small, usually up to 14 heads are enough, it’s better to immediately see which fasteners will have to be dismantled;
• a set of electrical installation tools (side cutters, pliers, an insulation stripper, a set of screwdrivers, a soldering iron over 40 watts, POS-40 or POS-60 solder, flux, preferably active, sandpaper, alcohol or solvent, but not acetone);
• stranded copper wires in PVC insulation with a cross section of 2 sq. mm, 4 sq. mm. Necessarily various colors, the length of the wires depends on the specific circuit, but it is better to buy with a reserve;
• electrical tape, heat shrinkage of different sections;
• fuses with sockets (minimum 4, ratings 10 - 25 amperes - also determined by the electrical diagram, can be included with a car alarm);
• blocking relays with sockets (again, if not included);
• plastic clamps;
• powerful portable lamp, better LED, it’s safer.

Electrical installation work

Initially, carefully study the car alarm connection diagram included in the instructions.

Let's look at the example of Red Scorpio Premier

Instructions for installing car alarms of all brands can be found on the official websites of the manufacturers.

The alarm installation kit includes conductors, contacts and other components:

The main work proceeds in the following sequence:

1. Necessary develop a routing of all wires. This means the paths for all conductors in the car's interior, trunk and under the hood.

You should start from the installation location of the main unit, knock sensor and other stationary devices.

There is nothing super complicated about tracing. All wires have their own color coding. The wire must go to the specific sensor indicated on the diagram, limit switch, control device, siren or other element.

Video - how to install a Sheriff car alarm on a VAZ 2110 yourself (part 1):

All of them are shown schematically in the figure. The main thing is not to make a mistake in this, so better a couple Check once, connect once.

It is better to lay the wires along existing electrical wiring routes, inaccessible to accidental damage by the driver and passenger.

The hidden button is permanently installed (can be glued with superglue) near the driver’s left knee.

But you can make the task more complicated. Sometimes there are options for installing it somewhere in the air duct. It should be borne in mind that the entire time you provide access to the button in case of accidental operation, the car will honk.

The most difficult connection is with the door opener buttons. Here you will definitely have to lengthen the wires, pull them under the thresholds. Extension wires should be connected with the same cross-section as those already included in the kit.

What's the trick: the interior elements are symmetrical; if you forget the sequence of installation work, you can look at the other side.

3. Then permanently installed alarm units. Under no circumstances should the roller sensor be installed on clamps; accidental triggering is possible.

4. Without connecting the connectors to the alarm unit, lay the wires to the connection points.

5. In the next step, it is better to disconnect the battery terminals.

Electrical connections are made. The best way to do this is by twisting plus soldering plus insulation with heat shrink or electrical tape. The wires are connected with plastic clamps to the existing harnesses. It is better for the car alarm wiring to “merge” with the standard one, so it is more difficult to disarm it, although it is also more difficult to dismantle it.

Video - how to install a car alarm on a VAZ 2110 yourself (part 2):

It is important quality connection with vehicle weight. There are standard grounding points in the cabin. They can be found by the black or brown wires that go under the terminal and are clamped with bolts, usually with a 10-mm head, screwed to the car body.

7. Installation of electrical wiring to the ignition switch follows at the penultimate stage. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to break the start circuit (this does not apply to all alarms, only to simpler ones). IN this type The car alarm system has a bypass module, so a connection to the immobilizer pumping loop is necessary. It is located at the end of the ignition switch. All fuses must be installed without fail.

8. The final stage of electrical installation work - examination electrical connections . It is necessary to test all connections without exception with a multimeter. At this stage it is better to take an assistant.

Checking the functionality of the car alarm

After all electrical connections have been made, connect the connectors to the alarm units and once again make sure that the installation is correct, that there are no short circuits, and that all contacts are insulated.

Then comes the most important point: connect battery terminals. Don't be alarmed if the alarm sirens start blaring immediately. This is even good: it means it is still functional.

In this case, keep the key fob handy and disarm the car. Try arming and then disarming the car. And if everything works fine right away, look for a fault (electricians joke 😉).

As a rule, especially if the car has already seen a lot, there will be problems with the door closing sensors, trunk, ignition switch, in general, anywhere. All this should be checked with a multimeter.

If, in general, the alarm works, proceed to the final stage. Before this, you can install it in place structural elements interior, hiding the wiring.

Configuring Features and Settings

The accompanying documentation for the car alarm contains a table or list and sequence for setting parameters security system. Various durations, delays, codes and other user parameters.

Initially, the car alarm is configured to factory settings. You can customize it in your own way (maybe not necessary).

Usually the access code is reprogrammed. If you perform this operation, be sure to write it down new code in a couple secret places inside the car, otherwise you will forget over time.

The setup process itself consists of sequentially pressing the key fob buttons and turning the ignition on and off. The sequence is different for each alarm. The setup can be handled (and even better) by a high school student.

A special place in the settings is occupied by adjusting the sensitivity of the rolling sensors. The sensors themselves usually have adjustment slots (variable resistors) for a screwdriver.

The sensitivity is selected so that a cat jumping on the machine does not cause an accidental response. They usually don’t experiment with a cat so as not to scratch the car, but you can throw a pillow.

Once the work is completed, you can hit the road, but usually each alarm should also be “travelled.” At first, there will be bugs that need to be eliminated.

• if the alarm accidentally goes off at night, provide the ability to turn off the sirens (turn on the microswitch in the gap), turn off the sirens when leaving on a business trip if there is no one to look after the car;
• Make sure that no water gets into the cabin at the location of the alarm units; this often happens when it leaks in the area of ​​the left front pillar;
• if the car alarm begins to live “its own life” (triggering spontaneously, beeping, flashing, etc.), it can help to restore it to the factory settings;
• when transferring a car for temporary or permanent use to another driver, inform the location of the hidden button and the disarming procedure (for example, turn the ignition on, turn off, turn on the ignition, press the secret button three times);
• If, during the operation of the car, dangling wires begin to creep out from the installation site of the alarm, and this happens often, possibly tightening the clamps, immediately fix the problem (an accidentally broken wire can lead to big problems).

Video - how to install an alarm on a car yourself (SHERIFF with auto start on Daewoo Lanos):

Selection of useful accessories for car owners

Compare auto products by price and quality >>>

Currently, for many people, a car alarm is not only a means of protecting the car from theft and hacking, but also a device used for the comfortable operation of the car. (opening, closing doors, windows, trunk, turning on/off lights in the cabin, etc.) In this article, I would not like to focus on how a car is stolen, what methods and techniques are used, from bricks to highly intelligent equipment.
I wouldn't like to talk about non-standard solutions when connecting an alarm system, in order to prevent undesirable situations, at the beginning of writing this article the goal was to combine and unify all knowledge on connecting an alarm system in a car according to standard scheme, to facilitate the installation and maintenance of security units in your cars, and not to provide a panacea against theft.

1.1 Standard of various alarm manufacturers

Unfortunately, after studying a number of car alarm connection diagrams various manufacturers alarm systems (Mongoose, Alligator Sheriff, Tomahawk, Pantera, StarLine, Scher-Khan, etc.) I came to the conclusion that unified unification for alarms ( security complexes) No. That is, terminals with the same markings and colors from alarm systems from different manufacturers have various functions during operation. Apparently this refers to the still ongoing “battles” in the manufacturers’ market for their own standards. The assumption that this discrepancy is possible due to safety is rejected due to the fact that the alarm is installed inside the cabin and in hard to reach place and this is its priority barrier against burglars, and not the use of wires different colors for the same functions.
In addition, it should be noted that another well-known fact is that burglars never try to figure out what kind of alarm system is installed and how it works. The most important thing is to neutralize it, turn it off and then simply force the car to start, without restoring the standard wiring and functions, but using redundant methods (bypass wires, etc., this is much easier)
Once again, I repeat that the article is intended for ordinary people who want to service the car alarm system on their own (installation and operation), therefore, further, according to the purpose of the article, the basic techniques for installing and installing alarm components will be given. The appendix will contain an archive of diagrams for connecting car alarms (this archive will be constantly updated whenever possible, thanks in advance to active readers who will send an electrical diagram for connecting an alarm and a programming table that is not available in the archive for posting on the site).

1.2 Methods for wiring and placing wires in the door-body opening when installing an alarm system

When installing solenoids in the doors and extending wiring to them, the most problem area from the alarm there is a place where the wires are constantly bent, namely in the opening where the doors are suspended from the body.
By car domestic production The most suitable option is the use of rubber feed-through tubes, which are fixed at one end in the rack, and the other end freely passes through the hole in the door. (Figure 1A) In this case, the wires are reliably protected from external influences, the bending radius of the wires passing between the stand and the door is at least 100 mm, which ensures long-term reliable operation of the wire without fractures or breaks. A section of wire inside the car door is left with a reserve and secured. Currently on the market you can find various types pass-through bushings. Italian-made bushings are widely used. Unfortunately, they have one significant drawback: they are made of plastic. The tubes have good oil and petrol resistance, but at temperatures below -30 degrees they become brittle. In our conditions, for installation of alarm wiring, it is better to use domestically produced bushings made of frost-resistant rubber.
The S-loop method is used quite often. (Figure 1B) This method drills misaligned holes in the pillar and in the car door. The wires are passed in such a way that an S-shaped loop is formed. Variations on this theme are quite varied and depend on the level of reputability of the company and the professionalism of the installers. In the simplest case, bare wires are passed through the holes. It is good if rubber bushings are inserted into the holes, and the wires are enclosed in a PVC tube or wrapped with electrical tape. In more reputable companies, the wires are passed through corrugated rubber tubes, which are sometimes supplied with wires made in Taiwan. The disadvantages of this method include the fact that the wires work simultaneously to bend and twist. If this method is used on imported cars, where the gap between the pillar and the door is quite large, this is not important, since the bending radius of the wires in this case has acceptable values, and the twisting angle can be completely neglected. On domestically produced cars, it is better not to use this method, since the gap between the pillar and the door has minimum dimensions, and when the door is closed, the wires bend almost at a right angle. It is not difficult to imagine what will happen to the wires after several hundred doors are closed. In addition, corrugated rubber tubes made in Taiwan do not stand up to criticism in terms of rubber quality. It is clearly designed for the mild Taiwanese climate and cannot stand the test of our frosts.

Figure 1A Figure 1B
Methods for installing wiring in the body door connector when installing an alarm system.

1.3 Connection to the central locking and installation of alarm solenoids in the car doors.

When installing solenoids in the door cavity, the most the right decision There will be an installation as far as possible, directly from the door opening/closing button rod, since the longest rod will compensate for the angular error of the solenoid relative to the door opening/lock button.

Installing solenoids and connecting them, such problems are getting further and further away from us. Now perhaps the more pressing question is how to connect to the central locking system in a car.
So, using the example of connecting an alarm system to the central locking of a Toyota Corolla, model range 2006-2012 model year, consider this case.
First of all, you need to understand the colors of the wires responsible for certain commands. To do this, it is best to use a multimeter. We remove the handle with the central locking control buttons from the driver's door trim. See the article "Removing the Toyota Corolla door handle" The photo below shows a plug with already calculated central locking control contacts.
The algorithm for finding contacts is simple: switch the multimeter to resistance measurement mode, connect the ground of the device to one of the contacts, press, for example, the close button and look for zero resistance. After this, we release the button if the resistance becomes equal to infinity, this is our option, if not, then we continue the search, going through various combinations. We also find a second contact.
As a result, it turned out that the brown wire is common, yellow and blue are the output control signal. In this case, it is worth noting that the brown wire is negative, that is, the central locking is controlled by a “negative” control signal.

Next, from the driver's door, remove the threshold and the instrument panel cover. The mounting block opens in front of us, it is in it that we will connect to the plus to power the alarm (the thickest wire is power wire mounting block)

An example of connecting the alarm power supply is shown in the photo below. The alarm power wire is passed through the plug and secured with tape, then the plug is installed in its place.

At the bottom of the threshold, from a bunch of wires coming out of the doors, we find our yellow and blue wire, which we previously identified from the central locking control buttons on the door handle. We connect to them using clips (in the photo in red) the alarm wires for locking and opening the doors. Also, to confirm our research, you can see the electrical diagram of the door unlocking and interior lighting of the Toyota Corolla on it yellow wire- opening, blue - for some reason not shown in the conditional block of the front door I5.

We connect the negative wire of the alarm to the body, in principle, at this point the stage of connecting the alarm to the central locking is completed.

1.4 Installation and operation of limit switches (contacts) during alarm installation.

Electrics in a car are increasingly turning into electronics. The use of standard interior lighting switches is becoming increasingly problematic. If previously the circuit of limit switches for doors was carried out according to the scheme when the power supply of the interior lighting lamp was through a fuse and a limit switch, while the use of these limit switches for signaling ensured a clear alarm when connected to any of the contacts, now the indication unit is usually also involved in this connection scheme . When using this indication unit by connecting it to one of the limit switches, the following possible problems arise:
- influence on the display unit through internal alarm resistance;
- influence on the signaling through the internal resistance of the display unit;
- impossibility of connecting to only one contact, from one door, and not to all from each door (due to the problems described above);
- the use of diodes to prevent the problems described above.
As a result of this, the most optimal solution are the following:
- connection to interior lighting through the interior lighting lamp. The advantage of this connection is the only connection for alarm activation from any of the doors;
- connection at the door contacts, but using diodes.

1.5 Stretching wires in the car and duplicate wires at the alarm terminals.

It's no secret that when installing an alarm system, it is better to install wiring in closed, dry and protected areas of the body. It is optimal to use plastic clamps to secure and guide the wiring (Figure 3).

Figure 3 (Clamps for fastening wires when installing an alarm system in a car)

1.6 Connecting an external alarm indication in a car.

In all the alarm systems I have encountered, the light indication of arming and disarming is carried out through direction indicators. In this case, two wires are used on the right and left sides with two diodes to prevent the sides from shorting through the alarm. I consider the most rational for light indication to be the use of dimensions; they have comparable power consumption compared to direction indicators, requiring the connection of only one wire without the use of diodes.

1.7 Connecting the trunk opening function through an additional channel. Using the additional channel (CH2)

Currently, almost all alarm systems on the market support the second channel. Using this channel on the alarm system, you can connect any electronic device triggered by an impulse (for example, opening the trunk using a solenoid). From my own example, I can say that this is a very convenient function. There is no need to climb into the cabin every time to open the trunk, especially since the connection is not so difficult (Figure 4). As a rule, the alarm unit produces a negative pulse (apparently for safety reasons), and the solenoid is triggered by a positive pulse in the standard wiring; in this case, you cannot do without an additional relay. The pulse current usually ranges from 300-500 mA, so this is also an obstacle to connecting a solenoid without an additional relay.

Figure 4 Connecting the trunk opening function from the alarm.

Examples of mechanical installation of an electric trunk lock for some cars, with subsequent control from an alarm or from a button, can be found in the article “Electric trunk lock”.

1.8 Electrical diagrams for connecting an alarm system in a car.

1.8.1 Alarm connection diagrams - manufacturer Alligator (Alligator)

Alligator LX-440 Installation Instructions
Alligator LX-440 User Manual

A vehicle is not a cheap thing, so people often try to steal it. There are many ways to protect your car from theft, but the most common is the use of a car alarm. Standard alarms in new cars have the simplest set of functions, which means they are not able to provide a sufficient level of security. vehicle. In view of this, the installation of signaling systems with greater functionality is becoming increasingly important. Specialized car alarms virtually reduce to zero the risk of car theft, as well as penetration into it. Installing an alarm system yourself is a simple undertaking and can be done by virtually every car enthusiast. The main thing is to have desire and a little knowledge in this area. More on this later in the article.

A car alarm is a device designed to protect a vehicle from theft, as well as theft of things located in the passenger compartment or trunk of the car. A car alarm notifies the car owner and others about unauthorized access using sound and light signals. Alarm systems in most cases consist of the following components: main unit, shock sensor, door, hood and trunk opening sensors, antenna, set of wires, LED indicator, service button, key fob.

Before installing a car alarm on a car, it must be selected correctly. Choosing a car alarm is not an easy procedure, requiring potential buyer endurance and free time. Today, the modern automotive market is represented by many different signaling systems that differ in their functionality.

Car alarms can be equipped with the following functions:

• Blocking the power unit.
• Triggers to open the trunk, hood and doors.
• Auto start using key fob.
• Impact activation.
• Ability to program functions.
• Two-way communication - vehicle status is displayed on the key fob.

Variations of car alarms:

• Monoblock - the main elements are in one place.
• Spaced - individual elements are located in different places in the cabin.

Monoblock devices are more compact and easier to install, but spaced ones are much more reliable, since a thief will have to work hard to neutralize all components of the car alarm.

The most reliable car alarms

The modern market is literally overflowing with a variety of brands, including Monguz, Shere Khan, Starline, Panther, Tomahawk, Alligator, Sheriff and many others. The above company names were not announced in vain, because these brands have long proven their practicality and reliability. Of course, you can see dozens of other systems on sale. However, if you analyze consumer reviews on the Internet, you can understand that it is the alarm systems of these companies that in most cases work reliably without the need for repairs.

Anti-theft alarm circuit, why, when purchasing, experts advise paying attention to the circuit as the main document

Since there are many brands on the market, there are also many different installation schemes for anti-theft systems. Therefore, before installing a car alarm, you need to take into account that connectors with the same color in different car alarms may be intended for different functions. Overall installation anti-theft system— the event is very responsible, because the safety of your car depends on it. To avoid possible repairs in the future, you should give preference only to proven brands.

In addition, do not buy a device from unverified sellers, as this may not only lead to the need for repairs, but also other problems. Therefore, in any case, independent installation of an alarm system, as well as its selection, must be carried out according to the scheme. Moreover, experts advise considering the diagram as the main document when choosing a car alarm, that is, before purchasing, refer only to it.

If you decide to install a homemade alarm system, you need to be extremely careful. First of all, find out everything about installing the system, especially where this or that output goes. In addition, you need to remember that wrong actions during the installation process may lead to irreversible consequences, in particular short circuit electrical wiring.

Electrical short circuit, which can be caused by a short circuit in the electrical wiring in the car

It is worth noting that a short circuit in the electrical wiring can lead to a fire in the vehicle. This is why it is not advisable to install homemade devices On the contrary, it is better to give preference to car alarms from well-known, trusted brands.

What characteristics of an anti-theft alarm should be taken into account when choosing a model?

When choosing a car alarm, the car owner must take into account the following characteristics:

• Convenience and keychain design.
• Reliability.
• Level of protection.
• The cost of the alarm itself and its installation.
• Availability of two-way communication.
• Availability of autorun function.
• Type of anti-theft system (spaced, monoblock).
• System range.
• Anti-scanner.
• Auto-lock option.

Important points to consider when connecting an alarm

There are a number of important points to consider when connecting a car alarm:

Accessories, tools, consumables

Safety precautions

Before installing the car alarm, do not forget to disconnect from battery negative terminal.

Do-it-yourself alarm connection (step by step)

The process of self-installation of a car alarm consists of the following steps:

When you connect the wires, you can use special clamps from the alarm set. However, if the thief opens the alarm, it will immediately become clear to him where to cut the wire so that the device goes silent. Therefore, for greater protection, it is recommended to use a lighter and a knife to connect the wires.

Every car owner strives to protect his car from hacking. The most popular security devices are car alarms. Many people install anti-theft equipment on their own, but it is important to know what main blocks the alarm consists of, how to properly install and connect it, taking into account the possible nuances of the car.

Design and principle of operation of car alarms

Like a number of other electronic equipment, a car alarm consists of the following blocks:

• control unit;
• block of input devices;
• block of actuators.

Let's look at the purpose of each block in more detail. Input devices, as a rule, are input sensors and remote control ( remote control). The remote control is a key fob. If we consider the standard alarm system, it is made together with the ignition key. Basically, two key fobs are attached to the car, one of which is the main one, the second is a spare one. The key fob is designed to arm and disarm the alarm system. In addition, it is possible to monitor the condition of the vehicle. Depending on the design of the device, using a key fob, you can remotely start not only the engine, but also control electrical equipment, and search for a car in a parking lot.

The key fob and alarm communicate with each other via a radio channel. An important point is to protect information from possible interception, i.e. it is encoded. It can be static or dynamic. Today, static coding is not used. The dynamic method of encoding information is characterized high degree interception protection.

The purpose of the input sensors is to perform security functions of a car alarm. When the car is armed, with their help, a number of physical parameters are recorded, which are converted into electrical signals. The main sensors in anti-theft equipment include:

• shock sensor;
• contact sensor;
• tilt sensor;
• volume sensor.

Depending on the design features of the device, this list may be supplemented with other sensors:

• motion sensor;
• broken glass sensor;
• power failure sensor;
• voltage drop sensor.

What is the operating principle of the main sensors? Let's start the review with the shock sensor. Using this element mechanical vibrations are converted into an electrical signal. The design consists of a piezoelectric plate, which begins to vibrate as a result of an impact. At the moment when a certain vibration value is exceeded, light and sound signals are triggered. However, such a sensor is not without drawbacks, which amount to false alarms. Due to the described problem, the standard alarm systems do not have such sensors. The problem is solved by adjusting the highly sensitive elements.

Protection of the car body is provided by contact sensors:

• limit switches;
• push-button switches;
• microswitches.

The purpose of the tilt sensor is to trigger when the car is tilted, which usually happens when loading the car onto a tow truck or when trying to jack it up. This element is an acceleration sensor. Thanks to its setting, reaction to the position of the body in natural conditions, for example, when strong wind, low tire pressure or soil subsidence. As for the volume sensor, it is used to record any movements inside the car. Such elements are sensory devices. The most popular sensors include microwave and ultrasonic.

The microwave sensor is designed to work with radio waves in the centimeter range. This type is two-zone. In addition to the fact that it detects movement inside the cabin, it helps to record movements in the immediate vicinity. An ultrasonic sensor consists of an emitter and a receiver. When the doors and windows of a car are closed, ultrasonic waves are reflected from the surface of the passenger compartment. This creates a constant wave signal that is analyzed by the receiver. At the moment of penetration into the car, the nature of the waves changes, as a result of which the security device is activated.

An important role is played by the electronic control unit, which processes input signals from the sensors listed above, as well as from the key fob. After the signals arrive, a control signal is generated to the actuators. The design features of the standard alarm system are such that the control unit is not installed. Therefore, the power of blocks of other systems, for example, central locking (central locking), is used.

The actuators of anti-theft equipment include a siren and light indication. There are designs of the systems under consideration with an immobilizer. In such devices, in addition to those listed, a blocking relay is added. The interaction of the security system with other devices occurs through the lighting system, central locking, starting system, and power windows.

Both passive and active sirens can be installed in car alarms. The active alarm system has a built-in battery that ensures uninterrupted operation of the device when the vehicle's power is turned off. There are also modern alarm systems, equipped with a special module that provides control and status monitoring via a cellular communication channel. You need to know about all of the above in order to choose the right anti-theft equipment and install it yourself.

Features of car alarm installation

A step such as installing an alarm system is quite a responsible one. Before you begin installation, you need to know about possible nuances in order to avoid repairs and financial costs. To install this equipment you need to have certain skills and abilities, but this is not enough. Today, a huge selection of anti-theft systems of various brands is offered, there are also various schemes connections. What should you choose? This is really the problem. Among the most famous companies, it is worth highlighting Tomahawk, Sheriff, Mongoose, Panther. WITH special attention you need to approach the choice of installation scheme, because color coding different devices may be intended for completely different functions.

If you made the alarm yourself, then during the process of connecting it, it is important to clearly understand which wire needs to be connected and where. When connecting security devices with a GSM module at home, it is important to know what this device is intended for, how to connect it correctly and program the system after installation. There may be other actions that you need to be prepared for. If you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to turn to the services of specialists. Yes, you will have to pay a certain amount, but you will be able to avoid problems.

Basically, the alarm system is installed independently because:

• the car owner likes to do it himself;
• there are financial problems.

Tools and materials

To install the equipment yourself, you will need the following list of materials and tools:

• alarm kit with instructions;
• electronic multimeter;
• additional wires;
• foam rubber (the control unit is wrapped in it);
• black electrical tape with double-sided tape;
• socket wrench, lighter, wire cutter, shaped screwdriver.

After you have prepared everything you need, you can begin installing the device. We’ll talk further about how to do this correctly and where to install it.

How to determine the location of the device in the car

Let's first consider the place where the control unit is installed. Basically, this is the cavity behind the instrument panel. Before installing the block, it is wrapped in foam rubber and tested to see how convenient the location will be. It is important that the fixation is comfortable and that the block does not interfere with anything. To install the anti-theft device correctly, you must follow a few simple recommendations:

1. The control unit must be located inside the cabin and in such a place that if an intruder breaks in, it will take as long as possible to get to it. The location where the block will be located is easy to calculate, but getting to it will require time.
2. Rubbing elements and parts, for example, rods, cables, etc. should not be located near the block.
3. The unit should not be installed near a heating system or a source of high moisture (air conditioning or heater ducts).
4. Avoid installing the unit in close proximity to antenna cables, mobile phones, radio stations.
5. The bulk of the connections will be made to the devices on the panel.

During the installation process, attention should be paid to the following nuances:

1. Location of wires in places of bends (door-body). To avoid kinks and fractures of the wiring as a result of constant mechanical stress, it is necessary to use special rubber feed-through tubes, as well as bushings that must have a certain bending radius.
2. The door solenoids are mounted away from the pull button that opens the door.
3. It is necessary to lay wiring along the body only in places where there is no moisture. For fastening, plastic ties (clamps) are used, the size of which depends on the thickness of the wiring.

These are the main preparatory points to consider when self-installation the equipment in question. We will consider the detailed connection of the anti-theft system below.

Step-by-step instructions for installing an alarm system

First, it’s worth talking about connections, since experts have differing opinions on this matter. The wires can be connected either by soldering, crimping or twisting. There is an opinion that soldering in a car is unacceptable. Be that as it may, the electrical connections must be reliable and well insulated, for which electrical tape and heat-shrinkable tubing are used.

The ground wire is connected first; it is usually black. It is advisable that the connection point be a standard ground bolt. To do this, a terminal is crimped onto the end of the wire, which must match the size of the bolt. It is unacceptable to connect the ground wire using a self-tapping screw, which is due to the low reliability of the connection. If the ground is connected to engine compartment, then the joint is treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

The equipment is connected to +12 V with red wires. During the installation process it is important to consider:

• the power is connected to the standard car wiring to wires with a cross-section of at least 6 mm or directly to the battery;
• if a connection is made to a standard wire, then you must take into account the rating of the standard fuse for this circuit;
• It is recommended to connect the relay unit and the alarm unit to different circuits, which are protected by different fuses;
• If you connect the “+” wire to the battery, then it is recommended to install a 30 A fuse in the circuit and place it as close as possible to the positive terminal of the battery. The purpose of this element is additional protection.

Light signaling

The connection is made to the main headlights (low beam) or turn signals. When installing to turn signals, you need to find those wires that come from the turn signal. In the case of headlights, the connection is made with the wire going to the light control relay.

Central lock

To connect to the central locking system, you can use different schemes, the choice of which depends on the design of the alarm. The central locking system is located inside the car, in a place where it is not so easy to find. To search you need to use electrical diagram your car. They are connected to this device in the central locking control unit. It can be located in one of the following places:

• on the driver's door;
• on the central dashboard;
• It is possible to install a central locking control button in the cabin.

The alarm system is connected to the central locking control unit in the central locking control unit. To find this block, you need to use the electrical diagram for the car

There are also cars that simply do not have central locking. In this case, you will need to install it.

Limit switches

To connect limit switches (limit switches) on the trunk lid and hood, you will need to find wires related to standard devices and connect to them. Another option is to install additional wires that come with the equipment. The limit switches are installed in such a way that they close at the moment of opening. For installation, special brackets are used. The sensor for the hood is installed on the engine panel; in the luggage compartment it is mounted near the side parcel shelf. To connect the device to the door contacts, determine the connection point in accordance with the electrical diagram for the vehicle.

Sound alarm and sensors

The siren and sensors are also installed according to the diagram. Its location is chosen in the engine compartment and secured with a bolt. It is possible to mount the sound device under the wiper mount. To do this, it is disassembled and the siren wires are laid together with the wires for the wipers. After installing the sound alarm, the mount is put back together.

Regarding impact sensors, it should be noted that their installation to the body must be as rigid as possible in order for the sensitivity to be the best. Avoid installing elements near air ducts, since the anti-theft device may be triggered by air flow. In addition, it is necessary to exclude direct hits sun rays to avoid heating. Fastening is done using self-tapping screws. The installation location can be the inside of the wing from the passenger compartment, the area behind the hand brake.

How to adjust the shock sensor?

The sensitivity of the system in question depends on how correctly the sensor is adjusted. Adjustment is carried out by rotating special screws, thereby decreasing or increasing the level of sensitivity. The required level is selected experimentally by tapping on the car body or wheel. If the sensitivity level is too high, the alarm will be triggered even by the wind. In such a situation, the unit will need to be reprogrammed.

Installation of relay contact group

The connection is made to the fuel pump control system. If there is an illegal entry into the car, the relay is activated, which prevents the fuel pump from starting. In this case, the engine simply will not start.

Glass closers

To ensure that the windows close automatically when the car is armed, devices called closers are used. They are a small unit, the installation of which does not cause difficulties. The connection is made according to the attached diagram. The device is located in the cavity of the driver's door. This is justified by the fact that the main control is carried out by the driver, and the location of all buttons should be nearby. After installing the control unit in the door, there is no need to stretch additional wires and take them out. It is advisable to install the unit as close as possible to the panel with the power window control buttons.

LED and Valet button

Additionally, it is worth mentioning the location of the LED, which indicates that the vehicle is armed and disarmed. Basically, the element is installed in the side rack (left) windshield. If the device includes a Valet service button, then where its location is chosen by the car owner. It is advisable to use inconspicuous places. This button is intended to turn off the siren in the event of a key fob failure or discharge, as well as for programming alarms and emergency shutdown, if you can’t disable it in the standard way.

An LED indicator indicating that the vehicle has been disarmed and armed is installed in most cases in the windshield pillar, but other installation locations are also possible

Features of connecting an alarm system with auto start

Automatic engine start is a useful option, especially for regions with harsh climates. But before you begin installation, you need to know that there may be a conflict between the general alarm system and the autostart system. However, such situations arise only if the integration of these systems was not performed entirely correctly. If a connection is provided, bypassing the standard immobilizer, then the systems will not conflict. An important point is that when the engine starts, the anti-theft system is turned off and the car is only protected mechanical locks. To further protect the car, microsensors are installed, the operating principle of which is based on the reaction of movement around the car. Depending on the sensor, the range may vary. Installing such elements, on the one hand, ensures safety, but on the other hand, it adds nervousness (depending on the specific element), since the alarm will react both to a dog running past and to passers-by.

When installing an alarm with auto-start, a conflict is possible between the auto-start system and the alarm itself, so experience in working with such devices is important

It is worth noting that installing an anti-theft system with auto start is a complex process. If you do not have sufficient experience in installing such devices, then it is better not to take on this matter. Situations are possible when the battery is low, the gas pedal is in the wrong position, or the gearbox is in gear, then the engine simply will not start. Despite the fact that a diagram and instructions are included with such an alarm, there may be some nuances during the installation process that only a knowledgeable person can figure out.

Video: installing an alarm with auto start on a Reno car

The main points for connecting a device with autostart are:

• ignition switch;
• door switches;
• hood and trunk limit switches;
• starter;
• accelerator;
• gearbox controls;
• brake and parking brake;
• the sensor can be installed on each of the wheels.

Installing a car alarm, in fact, the process is not so complicated and it is quite possible to do it yourself. The main thing is to take your time, familiarize yourself with the connection diagram and the operating principle of the device, and follow the recommendations described above. Depending on the specific device model and connection diagram, there may be some differences in the described steps. If you are unsure about own strength, then it is better to entrust the work to specialists.

Install car alarm DIY is not as difficult as it might seem. The main thing is to familiarize yourself with the operating principle of the device, the connection diagram and follow a certain sequence of actions.

The car can undoubtedly be called one of the most progressive achievements of science and technology. Its role is gaining more and more importance in life every day; every day we see an endless flow of cars, traffic jams... their demand is confirmed by the fact that new brands and models are released every month.

They are completely different, from business class to more budget option. But regardless of status, very topical issue Motorists are wondering how to protect their car from break-ins and theft. Fortunately, in any auto store, you can purchase an alarm system that is suitable and convenient for you personally, and even install it yourself. This will ensure sound sleep and a guarantee that everything is in order with your vehicle.

Types of alarms

One-sided

The model is inexpensive, simple, accessible with minimal functions. The owner controls the central locking remotely using a key fob, there is an engine blocking function and a shock sensor, in addition it has a channel that makes it possible to open and close the hood and trunk. The range of the key fob is not great. There is no feedback in this form; threats to the car can only be detected by a loud siren.

Double sided

Budget, best option, having feedback. The key fob has a color display that provides complete control over the car, using a melody, vibration signal, and display activation, at a distance of about 300 meters. When choosing, be guided by the range zone; the longer, the better and safer for you.

With auto engine start

The model is double-sided, with the ability to start the engine remotely. Suitable for almost any car, both with a turbodiesel and a conventional gasoline engine with mechanics. Starting is carried out by voltage, by a timer, or by pressing the key fob button itself. If a standard immobilizer is installed on the car, a second ignition key is required.

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Dialogue

With control code and individual encryption keys. Hacking with any existing code grabbers. On the keychain there is LED backlight, Russian-language programs that give you the right to choose the volume and melody, as well as determine the charge and voltage of the battery. Reliable look alarms.

Telematic

Most modern look, which allows you to control the alarm via the Internet using a mobile application.

With GPS, GSM module

Gives the right full control car with mobile phone. The alarm system consists of security sensors that are connected to the central unit.

With turbo timer

For turbocharged cars with any type of connection. It may have an engine auto-start function and an intelligent turbo timer.

With can module

Only for cars with can tires. Very high quality upper class with auto engine start function. The cost is expensive, but justified.

SLAVE

You can connect and drive the car using a standard ignition key, which has buttons for opening and closing the car. In this case, there is no need to carry a key fob with you.

Installing an alarm yourself is a responsible step that requires some knowledge, skills and abilities, but nothing is impossible. There are many advantages to installing a car alarm yourself.

Only you will know where it is, without outside advice according to a well-established pattern, the process of tinkering with the car itself will be a pleasure, and you will save the family budget. The alarm box itself is the size of a palm, in which all the strength and power is hidden, this allows you to hide it in the most difficult way from intruders.

DIY alarm installation

So, you have decided on the type of alarm, I recommend that you study in detail the instructions and diagrams that come with it. It's important to choose right place For installation, the best option is under the dashboard:

• We remove two panels (instrument and steering), as a rule, they are attached with screws or clips, you just need to unscrew them. Next, remove the lower trim from the steering block and see the ignition switch. For safety reasons, it is better to place the connectors from the panel on old rags or fabric, since a short circuit may occur when interacting with metal.

• We connect to the control panel the alarm output for parking lights or turn signals, as well as for the open door indicator and engine monitoring. On the back panel we find the turn signal lamps, there are tracks on the board with the lamps, we find a contact with 12 V power. We attach the connector to the track, you need to turn on the rotation and use a multimeter to check the voltage; if the light on the multimeter screen lights up, it means you have found the right wire and the connection is made.
  Next you need to find a negatively charged wire. It is responsible for the reaction to an open door; we see minus 12V on the contact; when the door is closed, the voltage will be 0.
  Using the same principle, we find the engine control start wire, the charging light, and the emergency engine pressure. Carefully understand each of the details of the ongoing process.

• The next step is to connect to the central locking (according to the connection diagram to the panel). We find the lock switching relay and check it according to the principle of opening and closing the lock.

• We wrap the harness of all necessary wires with black electrical tape for good insulation and visibility of the factory wiring. We close exclusively from the detachable side of the alarm. Then we connect the wiring to the alarm system itself and carefully hide it. We connect the machine wires to the alarm wires using clamps, a lighter or a knife. We stretch the cable of the siren itself under the hood, attach the second cable of the siren to ground, and fix the end switch to the frame. We connect to a wire on which the voltage of 12V remains regardless of the position.

• You need to ring the lock connector with six contacts in order to find the ignition wire. We insert the key into the lock and look for a wire with a voltage of 12 V. We pull the wire out of the lock and close it with a jumper, this way we will make sure that we have chosen the correct cable. If the car starts, then everything is correct, the jumper must be removed, now we connect the wires directly to the alarm and ignition. At this point the installation process can be considered complete.

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As you can see, knowing the theoretical information about the connection, fulfilling all the points and requirements is more than realistic. Don’t be afraid to spend your time on quality installation.

1. be aware of where your car is stored (in the garage, near the house), the radius of the covered area and what kind of connection are important;
2. for cars located near the house, optimal zone 300-500 meters, an alarm system with a siren, pager and light switching on is suitable;
3. a large number of sensors will provide reliable protection, especially if the wheels on the car are expensive, a tilt sensor is relevant;
4. focus on prices, remember, more expensive does not mean better;
5. keep the installation instructions with a description; if you have any questions, you can find the answer there;
6. Change the batteries in the key fob in a timely manner; it is better to have several key fobs themselves.

By taking care of the safety of your car, you are taking care of yourself. After all, it’s much calmer to live knowing that something important to you is under reliable protection. The main thing is not to make a mistake with your choice! Definitely, the article will be beneficial for you and your car, but remember, if you are not confident in your strengths and abilities, it is better to contact a service station.