Oil pump: device, purpose. Oil and gas equipment. Blackmer and Mouvex pumping equipment for the oil industry - the highest reliability and durability

In oil fields, centrifugal and piston pumps are mainly used to pump oil and oil emulsions.

In centrifugal pumps, fluid movement occurs under the action of centrifugal forces that arise when the fluid rotates by the blades of the impeller. An impeller with blades mounted on a shaft rotates inside the housing. The liquid entering the center of the wheel through the suction pipe rotates with the wheel, is thrown back by centrifugal force to the periphery and exits through the discharge pipe.

Centrifugal pumps are divided into single-wheel / single-stage / and multi-wheel / multi-stage /. In multi-stage pumps, each previous stage works to receive the next one, due to which the pump pressure increases.

The main technological characteristics of a centrifugal pump are the developed pressure, flow, power on the pump shaft, efficiency. pump, speed and permissible suction lift.

Pump flow is the amount of fluid supplied by the pump per unit time. It is measured in liters per second /l/s/ or in cubic meters per hour /m 3 /h/.

Power on the pump shaft, i.e. The power transmitted by the engine to the pump is measured in kW.

IN oil industry Mainly used are single- and multi-stage centrifugal pumps, sectional type ND and PK.

If one pump is not enough to provide the required supply or create the required constipation, parallel or series connection of pumps is used. The parallel operation of several centrifugal pumps pumping oil into one pipeline is widely practiced.

The pump piping is completed with flanged connections, allowing it to be quickly disassembled if necessary. Valves are installed in front of the suction and discharge pipes. If the liquid intake is located below the axis of the pump, then to retain the liquid in the suction pipeline after stopping the pump, it is necessary to install check valve. A mesh filter is installed on the suction pipeline to prevent mechanical impurities from entering the pump cavity.

A check valve must be installed on the discharge line to ensure automatic start and pump operation. Or in the absence of a check valve, starting and stopping a centrifugal pump can only be done manually with constant operator supervision of the pumping process, since, for example, in the event of an emergency shutdown of the electric motor, liquid from the pressure manifold will freely flow through the pump back into the container from which pumping was carried out.

Centrifugal pumps have the following advantages: small dimensions, relatively low cost, absence of valves and parts: with reciprocating movement, the possibility of direct connection to high-speed motors, smooth change in pump flow with a change in the hydraulic resistance of the pipe, the ability to start the pump with a closed valve on the discharge line without the threat of a valve or pipeline rupture, the ability to pump oil containing mechanical impurities, ease of automation of pumping stations equipped with centrifugal pumps.

The main technical data of the most common centrifugal pumps are given in the table:

Pump brand	Innings M 3 /H	Head m	Electric power, kW	Rotation speed, min	Weight, kg
Single-stage control pumps
Pumps type NK
Multistage sectional pumps type MS
Multistage oil pumps

Vladimir Khomutko

Reading time: 6 minutes

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Types of pumps for oil production and their characteristics

The oil industry is the most important branch of Russian industry. The importance of this natural energy resource for the domestic economy cannot be overestimated. Every year, millions of tons of “black gold” are mined in Russia, and this volume not only meets the needs of the domestic market, but also brings the country a significant share of export revenues.

Modern extraction of this mineral is carried out through wells drilled in the thickness rocks. If there is not enough pressure in the productive formation, as a rule, oil is extracted using special mechanisms that allow the raw material to be raised to the surface, and are also used to pump water into productive formations, move pumped products through field pipelines, and so on.

These mechanisms are called oil pumps. Oil production pumps are used to lift oil to the surface, transfer pumps are used to provide the necessary pressure in the main and field pipeline systems. Next we will look at the main types of such equipment.

Oil pumps. Main types

Oil pumps come in the following types:

1. sucker rod pumps (SRP);
2. rod screw;
3. electric centrifugal (ECP);
4. screw;
5. diaphragm;
6. hydraulic piston;
7. main lines;
8. multiphase;
9. jet;
10. lamellar.

Rod pumps for oil production (SRP)

These mechanisms are volumetric devices. They are used to lift extracted raw materials from a well by creating a so-called depression (pressure difference between the productive formation and the bottom of the mine workings). Many of you have seen such pumps in films and on television (the famous oil pumps).

The rod pump includes a cylinder block, plungers, valves, special fastenings, rods, rod, adapters and so on. Such pumping units are used in more than half of currently exploited oil fields.

Such wide popularity of this type of oil pump is due to the following undoubted quality and performance characteristics:

• high efficiency coefficient during operation;
• ease, convenience and simplicity of repair work;
• possibility of using the most different types drives;
• possibility of use even in extreme conditions(for example, in the case of a high concentration of mechanical impurities; increased content of gases in the extracted products; when pumping out raw materials with high corrosiveness).

Rod screw pumps for oil production

This variety rod installations, as a rule, are used in the mechanized operation of production wells in cases of production of heavy grades of petroleum raw materials, as well as grinding and viscous fluids.

The main advantages of such installations include: the absence of isolated gases and the cost is quite affordable for such units.

Electric centrifugal production pumps (ESP)

Despite the fact that the number of wells equipped with installations of this type, significantly less compared to sucker rod pumps, in terms of volumes of raw materials extracted using centrifugal electric pumps, they far exceed sucker rod pumps. Suffice it to say that in our country, about 80 percent of all Russian “black gold” is mined using ESPs.

To briefly describe this device, it is a conventional pumping mechanism equipped with electric drive(except that, unlike the barbell, it does not have a ground part, it is long and thin). ESPs have proven themselves to be excellent when operating in environments characterized by increased corrosive aggressiveness. Such pumping units include:

1. submersible pumping unit, consisting of the pump itself and an electric drive with hydraulic protection;
2. cable line connecting the electric motor to the transformer substation;
3. station for controlling and regulating the operation of the installation.

Submersible electric centrifugal pumps have significant advantages over deep-well sucker rod pumps, namely:

• simple ground equipment;
• the ability to produce large volumes of raw materials (up to 15 thousand cubic meters per day);
• the possibility of their use in wells whose depth exceeds 3 thousand meters;
• long (from 500 days to two or three years or more) period of operation of the installation without repair work;
• possibility of performing the necessary research work without the need to lift the pumping unit to the surface;
• simpler and less labor-intensive methods for removing paraffin deposits formed on the walls of tubing (pump and compressor pipes).

In addition, electric centrifugal pumping units can be used at great depths and in inclined production wells (up to horizontal wells), as well as in mine workings with a high degree of water cut, in environments with a high content of iodine-bromide water, with high degree mineralization of formation waters and for lifting acid and salt solutions to the surface.

In addition, there are modifications of ESPs for simultaneous and separate operation on several productive horizons within one well. In some cases, such units are also used to inject mineralized formation water into an oil reservoir in order to maintain the required level of reservoir pressure.

This pump design is used, as a rule, for the production of heavy and high-viscosity oils with a large number mechanical impurities (for example, sand), as well as for pumping liquids from high level viscosity

This type of oil pumping unit has the following advantages:

Screw pumps

Diaphragm Oil Pumps

Just like rod ones, they are volumetric type devices. The design of such a unit is based on a special diaphragm that protects the extracted product from getting into other parts of the pumping mechanism. The diaphragm pump includes an oil supply column, a discharge valve, an axial channel, a helical spring, a cylinder, a piston, supports, electrical cable and so on.

Such pumping units are usually used in fields where the produced petroleum feedstock contains large number mechanical impurities. The main advantages of this design include ease of installation and subsequent operation.

Hydraulic piston pumps

They are designed for pumping formation fluid from a well. Hydraulic piston units are used in cases where there are no mechanical impurities in the extracted raw materials.

These installations include: borehole pump, submersible motor, channel through which oil and water are lifted, surface power point and a system for preparing the working environment. During the extraction process using such units, oil comes to the surface along with the extracted water.

The main advantages of hydraulic piston pumps are:

• the opportunity significantly changes their basic characteristics;
• simplicity and ease of use;
• the ability to carry out underground repair work without much labor;
• they can be used in wells with inclined bores.

Main oil pumps

Their main purpose is to pump extracted raw materials or petroleum products through field, technical and main pipelines.

Such units are capable of providing high pressure to ensure pumping of transported raw materials. Their main distinctive characteristics– economical operation and high degree of reliability.

Such installations consist of two main components - a housing and a rotor system, and are used for pumping oil and petroleum products through a trunk pipeline system.

Using installations of this type allows you to:

• reduce the load on the mouth of the opening;
• reduce the amount of equipment used;
• increase the efficiency of using released gases;
• increase the profitability of exploitation of remote fields.

Multiphase pumps for oil and petroleum products

Jet oil pumping units

They are the most modern and promising installations for oil industry industry. Their use will help bring the technology of oil field exploitation to a higher level.

Such installations include: a mechanism for supplying the working medium. Active nozzle, injected liquid supply channel, displacement chamber and diffuser.

Currently, pumping units of this type are becoming increasingly popular due to the simplicity of their design, the absence of moving elements in it, a high degree of strength and reliability of operation even under extreme operating conditions, such as a high concentration of mechanical impurities in the working environment, a high content of free gases in the extracted raw materials. elevated temperatures environment and aggressiveness of the working fluid.

Jet installations pump type are able to provide:

• stability of the device;
• freedom to regulate downhole pressure;
• optimal functioning of the unit in cases of uncontrolled changes in such parameters as the degree of water cut, in-situ pressure, etc.;
• easier and faster flow of extracted raw materials;
• quick access to optimal mode operation after suspension of well operation;
• efficient use of released free gases;
• prevention of flowing in annulus areas;
• the process of rapid cooling of submersible electric motors;
• stability in the current load device;
• increasing the efficiency of an oil production installation.

The use of such pumping units makes it possible to ensure higher quality and faster production of petroleum raw materials.

These pumps include:

• housing equipped with a lid;
• drive shaft with bearings;
• working kit, which consists of distribution disks, rotor, stator and plate.

Rotary vane (vane) pumps PN

The main advantages of plate units include:

• high strength;
• good reliability;
• high degree of oil production efficiency;
• good performance characteristics;
• high wear resistance of mechanism parts.

Pipe (well) pump

1. Size: 2"x1-3/4"x14"x16"
2. API: 20-175-TH-14-2-2
3. Barrel: 2-1/4"×1-3/4"x14"
4. Plunger, chrome plated: 1-3/4"x2", metal plated, closed head, grooved
5. Gap: -.003

7. Fixed valve: 2-3/4" with 1-1/2" ball
8. Movable valve: 1-3/4" with 1" ball



12. Extension: top 2"x2"-8RD end with outward landing
13. Pipe connection: 2"-8RD end with outward landing

Pipe (well) pump

1. Size: 2-1/2"x2-1/4"x14"x16"
2. API: 25-225-TH-14-2-2
3. Barrel: 2-3/4"x2-1/4"x14", chrome plated
4. Plunger: 2-1/4"X2", metal plated, closed head, grooved
5. Gap: -.003
6. Ball and seat: carbide seat with titanium carbide ball
7. Fixed valve: 2-3/4" with 1-11/16" ball
8. Movable valve: 2-1/4" with 1-1/4" ball
9. Cage: alloy steel
10. Fittings: carbon steel
11. Sucker rod connection: 3/4"
12. Extension: top 2"x2/7/8"-8RD end with outward landing
13. Pipe connection: 2-7/8"-8RD end with outward landing
14. Note: non-removable fixed (suction) and moving (discharge) valves - special design for maximum performance

Well data

1. Case size: O.D. 6-5/8" (24 lb/ft)
2. Tubing: 2-3/8" OD (4.7 lb/ft) and 2-7/8" OD (6.5 lb/ft) - upset end or non-upset end, per API
3. Rod size: 7/8" and 3/4"
4. Final depth: 500 m, max
5. Perforation interval (top-bottom): from 250 to 450 mKB
6. Pump run depth: usually below or above perforation depending on the well
7. Dynamic liquid level: ranging from surface to perforation
8. Pressure pressure: 0-12 atm
9. Pressure in the annular space between the casing and drill string: 0-20 atm

Injection pressure data

1. Static reservoir pressure: varies from 15 to 40 atm for different levels horizon
2. Boiling point pressure: 14-26 atm for different horizon levels
3. Working bottomhole pressure: 5-30 atm for different horizon levels

Water injection data

1. Pump capacity: varies from 2 to 100 m3/day
2. Water content: varies 0 to 98%
3. Sand content: varies from 0.01 to 0.1%
4. Gas factor: average 8 m3/m3
5. Slaughter: average temperature 28°C, possible increase to 90-100°C
6. API oil density, liquid viscosity, H2S, CO2 content, aromatic hydrocarbons, vol.%:
- oil density 19 API
- oil viscosity 440 cP at 32°C
7. Data on pumped water: density 1.03 kg/m3, salinity 40,000 ppm

Equipment on the surface

1. Pumping unit: stroke length: from 0.5 to 3.0m
2. Maximum and minimum speed of pumping units: from 4 to 13 rpm

The oil industry is the main sector of the economy Russian Federation. Every day, millions of tons of oil are extracted using special equipment - an oil pump. Today we decided to cover exactly this topic. Information provided by one of the largest manufacturers of pumps for the oil industry in the Russian Federation.

General information

This device is designed for pumping not only oil itself, but also oil products: fuel oil, formation water with impurities, liquids with a high viscosity index, and so on.

Requirements for oil pumps

Petroleum products have special characteristics: high viscosity, rapid flammability, aggressiveness, large amounts of impurities and suspended particles.

Therefore, a number of requirements are put forward for pumps for the oil industry:

• The engine of the unit must be protected by an additional layer of metal.
• The pump must be made of a material resistant to high temperatures(must not collapse or melt).
• The pump design must provide protection against clogging by suspended particles and impurities.
• During operation, strong vibration must be avoided.

Types of Pumps Used in the Oil Industry

Oil pumps are divided into groups depending on the maximum temperature of the fluid being moved:

• For moving liquids with temperatures up to 80°C.
• For pumping petroleum products up to 200°C.
• For transporting substances with temperatures up to 400°C.

Pumps designed for pumping petroleum products up to 200°C are equipped with single seals, above - double ones.
In addition, all pumps for the oil industry are divided into two large groups: screw and centrifugal.

Screw units have more wide scope application, since during operation contact of the moving medium with the screw is excluded. Such pumps are used to transport highly contaminated (eg crude oil) or dense substances.

There are single-screw and twin-screw pumps. Both options are characterized by high working pressure, but the second type is more versatile, as it is capable of moving substances with temperatures up to 450 °C.

There are 3 types of centrifugal pumps used for pumping petroleum products:

• Console units.
• Double-support installations.
• Vertical semi-submersible installations.

Leading manufacturers of oil pumps

Oil production– complex production requiring the use of modern high-quality equipment. Currently in Russia there are a large number of companies that produce specialized equipment for oil and gas production, among which we can highlight the five most noticeable and largest on the market - companies that have proven themselves to be the best:

• GC “Corvette”. Over the years GC “Corvette” supplies high-quality oil pumps to enterprises in Russia, as well as countries near and far abroad.

• Voronezh Mechanical Plant. The plant's products are certified by the American Petroleum Institute, which puts the equipment produced on a par with world leaders.

• FPC “Cosmos-Oil-Gas”. Distinctive feature company - production of the entire line of equipment necessary for oil production and refining.

• Production Corporation “IZMERON”. The company constantly introduces new technologies into production, which allows us to achieve maximum efficiency at minimum investment funds.

• OJSC “HMS Pumps”. The company produces all types of pumps, including multiphase pumps for transporting petroleum products with a high content of gases.

Pumping units are one of the main components of oil production and processing industry. Oil depots cannot do without pumping equipment, technological installations, tank farms, tankers. The difficulty in selecting a pump lies in the features chemical properties petroleum products. Combustible, flammable, with high viscosity, a large amount of suspended particles and various impurities, they require a special approach.

1. The pumps are made of water-resistant materials, and the casing is coated with additional protective layer made of metal for better cooling of the unit during operation.
2. The level of vibration during operation should be minimal, and mechanical impurities should not clog the equipment.
3. Zero conductivity must be achieved due to the increased risk of ignition.
4. The equipment must be designed to be suitable for use over a wide range of external temperatures and a variety of climatic conditions: from the desert to the regions of the Far North.

We offer pumps for the oil industry that meet all of the above requirements. Best options represented by the brands Mouvex and Blackmer. When it is necessary to work with dark petroleum products: fuel oil, bitumen, oil, gas turbine fuel or tar, Blackmer S-series vane or screw pumps and Mouvex A-series pumps are the best choice.

Blackmer S-Series pumps are new for 2016 and have quickly gained popularity due to their wide range of applications, ATEX certification for use in hazardous areas and unique design features.

The Blackmer vane pump, the ancestor of all vane pumps, was introduced into mass production back in 1903. Manufacturability, high quality and the benefits of its use are confirmed by many years of testing under real operating conditions.

Another new product recent years- Mouvex A series eccentric disc pumps, improved to meet the characteristics of the oil and gas and oil production industries. The French concern PSG Dover with its Mouvex division is one of the leading European suppliers of pumping equipment for the oil, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.

Design features and technical specifications Mouvex and Blackmer pumps allow their use in any area related to petroleum products:

• in crude oil production and secondary recovery;
• for transportation and unloading of raw materials;
• for capturing vapors and gases;
• for pumping asphalt, bitumen, kerosene, propane, gasoline, diesel fuel and other fuels and lubricants;
• for pumping oil sludge, fuel oil and crude oil;
• for injecting flushing fluid during well drilling or supplying media into the formation to improve oil production intensity;
• for transportation of chemical reagents, saline solutions, liquefied gases, gas condensate;
• in pressure generation systems and booster systems;
• for pumping non-aggressive media, such as water-flooded oil.

In addition, pumping units of this type are used in any production where it is necessary to work with substances that have qualities similar to petroleum products: viscosity, aggressiveness, flammability, etc. Pumps for the oil industry can be used both indoors and outdoors. street conditions when there is a possibility of formation of explosive gases or vapors, as well as a mixture of dust and air.

One of the benefits of using Mouvex and Blackmer pumps is their versatility. Equipment of the corresponding series for the oil industry is also used in other areas:

• in the chemical industry - when working with caustic liquids, acids, polymers, adhesives;
• in the food and pharmaceutical industries - for pumping honey, molasses, creams, liquid soap, glycerol;
• in the paper industry and shipbuilding - for working with caustic liquids, solvents, varnishes, paints, mastics.

The military and fire-fighting industries also cannot do without Mouvex universal eccentric pumps and Blackmer screw units.

The operating principle of Mouvex and Blackmer pumps allows them to cope with the most difficult pumping conditions and come into contact with aggressive and viscous media without problems.

Mouvex eccentric disc pumps consist of a cylinder and a pumping element mounted on an eccentric shaft. As the eccentric shaft rotates, the pumping element forms a chamber within the cylinder that increases in size at the inlet, transferring fluid into the pumping chamber. The liquid is transported to the outlet where the size of the pumping chamber is reduced. Under pressure, the liquid enters the outlet pipeline.

Blackmer rotary vane pumps are used to supply and pump liquids of varying viscosities and are versatile. Vane devices easily cope with gas turbine fuel, fuel oil, petroleum products and oil compositions, due to which they are used in the oil, food, pharmaceutical, and pulp industries.

Several forces are involved during pumping:

• mechanical stabilizes and presses the blades against the cylinder, pushing viscous liquid to the pump outlet valve;
• hydraulic ensures that the pressure of the pumped mixture on the base of all blades is constant and stable;
• centrifugal ensures rotation of the rotor gates, which push the liquid upward.

Blackmer twin screw units are positive displacement pumps that transport any liquid without solids. The device consists of a pair of screws located opposite each other, which, when rotated, form a sealed cavity with the pump housing. The hydraulic drive creates a stable hydraulic axial tension on the shafts of the unit. Due to the movement of the screws, the pumped medium moves to the outlet valve located in the center of the pump.

Features and Benefits

All pumping units used in the oil industry have common design features. The equipment must have a hydraulic part and a mechanical seal, is made of specific materials for installation outdoors and in any climatic conditions, and the electric motor is equipped with explosion protection. The flow part of the unit is made of carbon, nickel-containing or chrome-plated steel.

Oil installations are usually presented in two types: screw or centrifugal pumps. The former are more versatile because they are designed for use in harsh conditions. And due to the pumping of liquids without contact with the screw part, they are suitable for working with contaminated substances with high density. These are the pumps for the oil industry offered by Blackmer and Mouvex.

Mouvex pumps for the oil industry

Mouvex A series pumps are known for their reliability and high performance, which are ensured by innovative developments from the company's engineers.

1. The unique design of the A-Series pump allows the unit to operate continuously in reverse and reverse pumping of products.
2. The unique operating principle of the eccentric discs ensures smooth pumping (at low speeds) and also guarantees excellent efficiency.
3. The design of the A-series pumps ensures self-priming even when running dry and during pipeline cleaning.
4. Mouvex A-series maintains its original performance level for long period no adjustment thanks automatic cleaning make-up systems.
5. Even if the viscosity of the pumped product changes significantly, the pumps maintain a regular and constant output regardless of the supply pressure.

Additionally, Mouvex A-series pumps are equipped with a double bypass for protection in both directions, as well as a heating or cooling jacket for transporting products that may harden at low ambient temperatures.

Blackmer Pumps for the Oil Industry

Both vane and screw pumps from this manufacturer provide high performance, reliability and durability of the equipment.

1. Blackmer vane and screw pumps cope well with highly aggressive liquids and operate reliably in abrasive environments.
2. Both types of pumps can run dry, which significantly saves energy and increases productivity.
3. S-Series Progressive Progressive Pumps feature low noise levels, no product agitation and no emulsified shear.
4. Viscosity level does not matter when Blackmer progressive cavity or vane pumps are put into operation.
5. The ability to operate at low speeds of the shaft (for gate units) or screws guarantees an increased service life of the equipment.

Low energy consumption and easy repairs are additional advantages of working with Blackmer pumps.

Main characteristics of Mouvex and Blackmer pumps for the oil industry

To cope with all the demands and rigors of petroleum products, equipment must meet certain specifications. Mouvex and Blackmer provide pumping systems that not only meet the most stringent requirements, but also help optimize energy and financial costs.

Mouvex A-Series pumps pump liquids with pressure drops of up to 10 bar, demonstrate maximum speed at 600 rpm, and the maximum flow is up to 55 m 3 / h. A constant flow rate is maintained regardless of changes in product viscosity or density. And the maximum possible liquid temperature for uninterrupted operation of pumping equipment is +80 0 C. In potentially explosive conditions, A-series units can operate dry for up to six minutes.

Blackmer vane pumps demonstrate excellent performance (up to 500 cubic meters per hour) at a speed of 640 rpm and temperatures from -50 0 C to +260 0 C. Pumps in this series can withstand pressures up to 17 bar. The S-series progressive cavity pumps deliver even more impressive results. Maximum temperature The environment (depending on the pump model) can range from -80 to +350 0 C. The maximum pressure drop reaches 60 bar, and the viscosity reaches 200,000 cSt.

By saving resources, high efficiency, ease of maintenance and operation, Mouvex and Blackmer pumps for the oil industry will bring maximum benefit to your enterprise!