Each historical interior style bears some imprint of the culture and era in which it was used everywhere and was the most popular, traditional or even dominant. That is why the interior medieval style looks so self-sufficient, original and distinctive. Among the many old styles, it is the most interesting and curious to study, distinguished by its extraordinary brightness, versatility and depth. In general, it can be divided into two main directions - Gothic and Romanesque.
The Middle Ages belong to those rare periods of world history during which culture and art developed most rapidly and productively. Many talented architects, designers and artists, in their works and creations, laid the foundations for a modern understanding of the medieval style in the interior. Universally recognized masterpieces of sculpture and painting have also left an indelible imprint on it, making it one of the the most interesting destinations arrangement of premises.
Appeared first Roman style, which could not boast of particularly lush decor. Therefore, today to decorate rooms in this style, trellises, fabric drapery, decorative panels and a minimum amount of furniture. The walls are decorated wood panels, the ceiling is covered with a grid of durable beams or their imitation, and a huge forged chandelier is hung in the center of the room. The ancient Romanesque style in the interior represents harmonious combination stone, wood, fabric and steel.
A little later, the Romanesque style was replaced by the Gothic style, which today is most often used in the interior as a medieval one. Multi-colored stained glass windows, pointed arches of windows and tall graceful spiers came into fashion. Natural stone and natural wood, often expensive, were still used as materials for construction and decoration. valuable species. But carved patterns and ornaments began to appear on stone and wood. Elements of interior decoration have become brighter, using blue, violet and ocher shades - this should be taken into account when decorating the interior of a room.
Instead of stone, you can use neat brickwork, against which woven tapestries will look good self made. It is recommended to finish the floor with large ceramic tiles. Will look great indoors Forged Products- lamps, chandeliers and railings. An interior in a medieval style necessarily pays maximum attention to natural light. The use of colored stained glass windows on the windows will give your home an unforgettable flavor that will remain in the memory of your guests for a long time.
After (that the historical style is formed under the influence of life, culture and events of a certain time, one or the other allows these styles to be original, original and self-sufficient. The medieval style, among the whole) of many historical styles, is of indie interest and is distinguished by its versatility, brightness and depth. The current style has two most striking trends - Gothic and Romanesque style.
The Middle Ages was a fairly long period in history, which was characterized by the rapid development of art and culture. At that time there were many talented craftsmen who created great amount works of painting and sculpture, receive and sign today, all these works belong to the classics. Such a development could not have left its mark on the style, which is now distinguished by its versatility and heterogeneity. Look at me, that’s why designers are so interested in working with this style, and prejudices about the gloom and gloom of the medieval style look a little simple-minded.
Interior decoration The medieval style also has its own characteristics. If it is a sign of the Romanesque style, then the interior of this style is not characterized by lush dou-tsai: photo panels, fabric drapery, trellises and a small amount of furniture. The walls were finished with wooden panels, which were laid in a stand on the walls made of stone. The ceiling was cut wooden beams, which were similar, take a mesh in the center of which a forged chandelier was located. The Romanesque style can be drawn together with a rough arrangement of stone, wood, metal and fabric. Now, in its pure form, medieval metabolism is not used in design.
The Romanesque style in the 11th century gave way to the Gothic style of interior decoration. The demon introduced fashion to the creation of cathedrals with high spiers, pointed arches of windows and multi-colored stained glass windows. Solid construction material remained unchanged: the stone remained for them. But carved layers and simple and repeating patterns began to form in the stone. Interior decoration has undergone changes, it has become more bright. Color palette became diverse, violet, ocher, purple, dashing became appropriate, Blue colour, from which drawings were made, similar to stained glass windows.
For the design of a modern interior in a medieval style, the bench is still relevant today; it can be brickwork, which is not forbidden to be used for the background, on which it would be appropriate to hang a handmade tapestry, in classic style. They have become very relevant forged parts in the interior. It can be stair railings, chandeliers, lamps, and in combination with pointed arches, the outfit will be filled with the spirit of the Middle Ages. This style requires a sufficient amount of natural light, and the skill of the designer will allow you to practice with artificial lighting, which will recreate the indescribable play of light that was previously created through stained glass.
The modern medieval style can be emphasized with Gothic ornamentation, which will significantly enhance color scheme whole) premises. Using tablecloths, intricate drapery on the walls, you can give the interior the quality of the Middle Ages, but you can use such a sentence only if you do that Gothic is also present in the architecture of the house. You can add color by using stained glass, but they can only be used in rooms with high ceilings; on the contrary, they will simply be invisible or look like an awkward spot.
Great respect, when decorating an interior in a medieval style, what should you do to pay attention to the color of the entire decor. Bright colors, a play of colors can greatly transform the decoration of a medieval style and make it dynamic. When decorating in a medieval style, you need to make an effort so that it does not look like an absurd collection of things, so the main thing is that you do not disturb the unity of the style, and then you can proudly present your home to your friends and acquaintances.
The medieval period began in the 5th century, when Rome fell under a barbarian invasion, and with it ancient culture with many of its achievements. Many traditions of civilization were destroyed, and the darkest period of European history began. As in everything in those days, in everyday life and interior design medieval castle Ascetic laconicism reigned.
About everyday life
To better understand the conditions in which people lived, it is worth considering the dirt of the cities of that era. City residents poured slop directly onto the streets. Settlements drowned in mud. Thus, one historical anecdote features a knight who drowned in the center of the city in a puddle of mud while riding a horse.
The architecture was also unique. Cities were built with houses of several floors, which were crowded together to increase living space. Since there were “canopies” over the streets, they were very dark and narrow. Lighting here was provided by torches. Often the combination of these factors led to fires.
The rich part of the population built castles. The interior decoration of the medieval castle was also brutal and primitive.
These structures were built of stone and had many rooms. In the center there was a hall, a hearth. This area acted as a living and dining room. The decoration of a medieval castle will amaze any modern person with its meagerness.
Most often the floors were earthen. And only the richest people could afford to cover the floor with stones. Sometimes the interior of a medieval castle was complemented by a mosaic floor.
Internal atmosphere
Inside such buildings there was constant dampness, it was cold due to the earthen floor and cobblestone walls. Straw was sometimes used to insulate the floor. Carpets were often hung on the walls; this was the main decoration in the interior of a medieval castle. By and large, carpets were considered a luxury and were not accessible to everyone. Later, tapestries became popular in European countries. These were carpets with intricate plots.
About furniture
The furniture in the interior of a medieval castle was gloomy, heavy, and durable. She was rude and practical. The most striking thing that was in every castle was a chest. He acted as both a bed and a suitcase. They could carry it with them. It was from this detail of the interior of the medieval castle that the wardrobe appeared. The chest was simply pulled up and legs were attached to it.
It is noteworthy that in such buildings the chairs were not just furniture. It was by their height that the status of the person sitting on them was determined.
About the chairs
Moreover, this furniture was extremely rigid, the backs of the chairs were straight. The interior in the style of a medieval castle these days includes canopies over the beds. But in those harsh times it was not a decoration, but a necessity - canopies protected from drafts. In the harsh rooms of those times, drafts were extremely common. Thus, furniture always served a specific purpose and never served as decoration.
Nevertheless, famous photos the decorations of medieval castles sometimes contain interesting features. Yes, sometimes it happens carved furniture, chairs. Pictures could hang on the walls.
Style development
The Gothic period in Europe began in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. During these times, the Gothic openwork was clearly manifested. Photos of the interior of medieval castles of those times show that the gloom of defense buildings was replaced by luxury. Finally, the floors began to be covered with boards or tiles. There are already cases when they were covered with a carpet. The walls began to be covered with wood, and paintings appeared on the walls. Most luxury appeared in the works of Flemish and Burgundian masters. They often used carpets and pillows.
It was at that time that windows began to be glazed. Although curtains were not yet used, stained glass windows were introduced. Thanks to the latter, a play of colors appeared on the walls. Portraits and engravings began to appear on the walls of the premises.
In English and French culture of that era, stone was placed in the center of the interior. In German culture, the central structure was the tiled stove. IN wooden furniture Gothic style was reflected, they began to make it carved. Although the chest is still extremely popular, the first cabinets and sideboards appear.
It is noteworthy that in the future the Gothic style will sink into oblivion. It will be replaced by ancient traditions with the advent of the Renaissance period. Towards the very end of the Middle Ages, at the beginning of the Renaissance, the Gothic upward lines were replaced by calm horizontal lines. Houses began to be divided into zones, and the kitchen began to be separated.
If a house was built by a wealthy person, he allocated a separate office. The colors here were calm and light. They put it here comfortable furniture dark shades. It was at this moment that curtains began to be hung on the windows.
But the Renaissance had a much stronger impact on the homes of the rich. More ancient statues, mosaics, and marble reliefs appeared here. During this period, the windows became lancet, the floors were made of marble, as were the stairs. Often erected courtyards with galleries, garden gazebos appear.
Furniture is becoming lighter, more mobile, and more varied. Its decor is also getting better. Masters of this era strive to leave natural shades and textures of wood. Carving and gilding are often used.
During this period, curtains appear near the bed. Furniture is becoming more and more “avant-garde”.
It is in the Renaissance that the world known to us originates. this moment European furniture. Famous home decorating techniques also appeared during this era.
Varieties of style
It is noteworthy that there are many types of locks. After all, such structures have been relevant for dozens of centuries. In general, they are divided into two general varieties - rough medieval and late classical, baroque. There are dozens of subtypes between these types. The baroque interior became the most common.
Castle style interior
The castle is made of masonry, it is not a very cozy, but extremely reliable structure. And if you use the features of a castle in your interior, then it is better to carry out the masonry not everywhere, but alternating it with wood covering. To recreate the full atmosphere of such a structure, walls, ceilings, and floors are covered with stone materials. But in the end it looks uncomfortable.
Indoor comfort
The concept of comfort in relation to furniture was not considered by medieval people. And she was all distinguished by her rudeness and massiveness. But there was a peculiar charm to it. There was almost no upholstered furniture. The corners of rough furniture were smoothed with blankets made of skins. But if this is not acceptable, it will do cushioned furniture rough and straight outlines.
The doors also had to be massive. They were bound with iron. It must be taken into account that modern apartments do not imply special forms windows But in the distant past, in castles, windows were exactly like this. If authentic windows are not installed, then the frames are decorated with a selection of suitable glass.
Lighting
In rooms with a castle style, it is imperative to use lamps that will imitate candlesticks. It is worth complementing the decor with heavy chandeliers. At the same time, it must be borne in mind that the latter presuppose the presence high ceilings, which is not available in every home.
Decor
And even if the finishing is all stone, well-chosen decor can create comfort. For example, animal skins and painted paintings will add to the atmosphere homely atmosphere. To complete the atmosphere of the Middle Ages, you need to place around the house Knight armour, medieval weapons.
Roughness of materials
When choosing interior elements, you should pay attention to the characteristics of the materials that are used here. So, the materials must be reliable and rough. The inaccessibility of the walls is perfectly recreated by stone and bricks. Ideally, such a covering should be supplemented with wooden beams.
The central place of any medieval home is the fireplace. Sometimes in modern settings an artificial analogue is used. It makes sense to place a lot of wrought iron fireplace accessories near the hearth. This will make an important contribution to the creation of a medieval ambiance.
The massiveness of furniture in dark shades will also complement the atmosphere of these dark ages. A canopy must be hung over the sleeping area. This picture is complemented by a chest with forged elements.
The thing is that in the Middle Ages forged parts were often used in combination with wood, stone and other types of materials. Metal inserts can be present in any furniture. For example, the head of the bed may contain forged parts.
Of course, the symbol of the Middle Ages are knights. This means that in the room you need to create the feeling that one of them lives here. It makes sense to complement the interior with coats of arms and heraldic patterns. Shields, weapons, armor, hunting trophies - stuffed animals are suitable.
The Gothic style has a very rich history, dating back to Europe in the Middle Ages.
Initially it turned out that it was exclusively architectural style, in which many buildings and structures were erected. However, later they began to design houses in it.
A distinctive feature of the Gothic style since ancient times has been majesty and monumentality, which are manifested in subtle solutions that create an atmosphere of mystery, romanticism and sophistication.
Main features of the style
First of all, such interiors are distinguished by a medieval spirit, with all the inherent details and mood.
The main features of the style are elements that point upward, emphasizing the verticality of all structures.
Everything suggests that the room is filled with secrets and mysticism. The design is characterized by unnatural shapes that harmonize perfectly with large windows and colored stained glass.
By decorating a kitchen in this style, designers set themselves the task of recreating an atmosphere of mystery and the Middle Ages. Regular apartment hardly suitable for such an undertaking.
For this you need big house with high walls, ceilings and stairs.
The best option for Gothic is large areas, on which the designer can fully realize his ideas.
If the kitchen is small, then you can limit yourself to only a few details. The interior involves the use of exclusively natural materials, such as classic wood or stone.
Floor, walls, ceiling
The floor can be made of ceramic tiles or wood board large sizes, with the saved texture.
It is advisable to use dark colors. If a tile is selected, it must have interesting shape, with an abstract pattern that will complement the overall picture.
The ceiling in the interior must certainly be high. It can be decorated with imitation stone or brick. In this case, it would not be a bad idea to use massive wooden beams.
The vault can be decorated with drawings or other ornaments. The source of lighting in the kitchen will be a massive wrought iron chandelier with vintage lamps hanging on chains.
The walls in a Gothic kitchen may have a non-uniform texture. One wall can be decorated as brickwork, and the other can be covered with wallpaper with luxurious patterns, stylized as antique and medieval.
In addition, you can use decorative carved panels, with which you can add additional texture and complement the interior with unusual shapes.
If desired, you can even decorate kitchen apron using a stylized pattern or mosaic.
In the design you should use colors that are close to natural, and dark shades that will add more mystery and mystery to the created atmosphere.
Kitchen furniture
Kitchen furniture should be massive, heavy and made of dark wood, with forged elements and inserts. Everything around should be majestic and luxurious.
The backs of the chairs can be decorated with upward-facing decorative elements that will look like the architectural details of cathedrals and temples.
The style of ancient castles will be supported by benches and chests on which you can sit at a large, spacious table made of spruce or oak. Special attention should be paid wall cabinets, which can be decorated with glass, stained glass or frames of various shapes.
To decorate your kitchen gothic style You can use knightly paraphernalia, such as swords, shields, armor or helmets.
The coats of arms of any ancient states (even fictional ones) can decorate the walls and ceilings. In the Middle Ages, wood and stone carvings were common, so similar decor can be used.
Photo of kitchen design in Gothic style
The myths of modern times paint the medieval era in heavy and gloomy tones. But it’s worth imagining magnificent knightly tournaments, majestic castles, the brave Richard the Lionheart - the imagination draws an image of an amazing period of cultural development that gave the world the Romanesque style. Due to its massive monumentality in modern interiors, it is rarely found in its pure form. But stylized options can create an atmosphere of valiant chivalry in restaurants and clubs, in large country houses And hunting lodges. The Romanesque style is worth learning some of the secrets of interior stylists.
Classic features of the Romanesque style
The architectural style received its name in the 19th century based on associations with the word “Rome”. Indeed, it arose on the ruins of the great Roman Empire, having absorbed the main features of ancient art and Byzantine culture of early Christianity. Hence, the Romanesque style is characterized by geometric simplicity of designs and extreme asceticism of the interior.
Medieval interior - primarily arched vaults, spiral staircases, square battlements of barrel-shaped or rectangular towers. All of them have historical predestination. After all, the fragmented feudal principalities were constantly in internecine wars, and any knight's castle, first of all, was an impregnable fortress. Thick powerful walls, small doors and windows - everything served for reliable defense against the enemy.
The Romanesque interior, like medieval warriors, is alien to luxury and bright colors. Perhaps some accents in the form of intricate stained glass patterns or knight's shields and flags. Muted tones are appropriate here natural materials — natural stone, stained wood, wrought iron.
Various elements of the medieval (Romanesque) style may one way or another be present in modern interiors. How exactly - see the photographs in this article.
Any Decoration Materials and decorative elements must obey a single compositional goal - to create the atmosphere of a medieval castle.
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How to decorate walls
Anyone who finds themselves in a Romanesque interior should feel “like stone wall", inside a powerful fortress. It is reliable, thick walls that are the main symbol of this era. Natural or fake diamond. Rubble, sandstone - plaster, basalt, tuff, slate - any material, especially with torn edges or chips, will create the desired atmosphere. And multi-figure bas-reliefs will be an excellent decorative element.
However, the real Middle Ages will convincingly settle in the room, you just need to give the windows a lancet shape, decorate them with stained glass windows from dark glass, and equip the massive doors with forged hinges and locks.
One wall in the room can be decorated with a trellis - a lint-free carpet with floral ornament or a landscape composition - this somehow enlivens the ascetic Romanesque interior and helps contemporaries adapt to its cold beauty.
How to decorate a ceiling
The Romanesque style of the Middle Ages suggests that the ceiling often rests on stone vaults of a semi-cylindrical, lancet or cross shape. However, there are straightforward options, distinctive feature which are open beams. The massive dark wood on the whitewashed ceiling certainly creates the illusion of a medieval castle. In the center of the high ceiling vault, a massive forged chandelier is installed on a long heavy chain.
How to create a floor
The floors in the Romanesque interior are simple and primitive, but solid and reliable. The feeling of a medieval castle will help create special decorative materials: tumbled stone, paving stones, unglazed ceramic tile or an emphatically rough wood floor, crafted from hardwood and expertly stained to look antique. It is not customary to decorate the floor, but decoration with hides and lint-free carpets of deliberately rough work can be found.
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How to choose furniture
Properly selected furniture completes the creation of a medieval atmosphere. Simple massive tables, rough benches, chopped chairs are the best surroundings for the knightly era. Deliberately simple, furniture can be made of expensive breeds wood, richly decorated with relief carvings, which, despite the external severity, will create a feeling of luxury and original cult grace.
An excellent find would be voluminous fireplaces with stone or heavy wooden portals. An indispensable attribute of furniture is a good-quality chest with forged finishing elements. In the Middle Ages, it was a multifunctional piece of furniture - a table, a bed, and a wardrobe. That's why in the Romanesque interior there are chests and various forged furniture will be very useful!
Decorative elements
A win-win option Any knightly paraphernalia will become: armor, swords, and, of course, heraldic shields. Fortunately, design workshops and interior decor stores are replete with similar offers. It wouldn’t hurt to decorate massive tables with forged candlesticks, and the walls with stained glass lamps.
Solid iron ring handles would be appropriate on massive doors, and there are plenty of forged fireplace accessories near the hearth. Even if the fireplace is artificial, these details will be needed to create the mood.
Features of the Romanesque style
Decorative technique " stone wall" V small spaces Use extremely sparingly. If square meters not much, decorate only one wall “like a stone”. This will help achieve a Romanesque flavor, but will protect you from the “gloomy” psychological pressure in room. Cover the remaining walls with wood, and you will definitely get a knightly spirit!
Help to reproduce the architectonics of Romanesque vaults modern materials. Most economical option– drywall. It will create any dome structure without special costs both for the material and for the ceiling work. However, the technique of suspended ceilings is also quite suitable.
If the “coldness of an ancient castle” attracts you solely stylistically, then instead of stone slabs, put laminated flooring on the floor. flooring simulating a natural stone. Brown and terracotta laminate with bevel looks especially convincing.
“Medieval bas-reliefs” for wall decoration will be made by any gypsum workshop, you just need to show a sketch of your design project. However, a relief surface is easily achieved using ready-made polyurethane molds. Just stick them to the wall and apply special paint with the effect of aging.
For flat ceilings With open beams special polyurethane foam forms – perfect solution. They don't weigh you down bearing structures, are easily attached with glue and screws and perfectly imitate natural wood. The medieval effect is guaranteed!
problem dark rooms or lack of windows in basement rooms A special stained glass design can easily solve this: place a light source in a lancet niche in the wall and cover the “window” opening with stained glass.
Designer stained glass windows are a labor-intensive and expensive idea. But there are more economical techniques. For example, painting glass with special stained glass paints is so simple that anyone can try themselves in the role of a medieval artist.
History of the style
The era of the High Middle Ages gave the world stained glass. Europe began using multi-colored glass pieces to decorate windows a little earlier, but the classic technique of fastening colored glass with a metal profile is a merit of the Romanesque period. The famous St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican and the Leaning Tower of Pisa are typical architectural structures of the Romanesque period, which underwent adjustments in subsequent eras.
The modern canon of a Christian relic - a cross with the image of the dead Christ - appeared in the Romanesque period and was widely used for wall decoration. Previously, Jesus was depicted as alive, triumphant in his resurrection.
Windsor Castle, built by William the Conqueror in the 11th century, is the actual residence of English monarchs. He still keeps bright features true Romanesque style.
Heraldic symbolism owes its appearance to the Crusades. Medieval knights decorated their shields with inscriptions and signs that served hallmark on the battlefield.
Bottom line
The Romanesque interior style is very rarely fully realized today, because it’s still difficult to live to modern man in the conditions of a medieval castle. Nevertheless, nowadays quite often you can find interiors where elements of this are presented in one way or another. unusual style. As you can see in the photo in this material, medieval motifs can be quite harmoniously combined with the achievements of our time, so that the Romanesque style in the interior remains relevant today.