Garlic has a large number useful substances, so it must be consumed in food. Moreover, it is very easy to grow it on your own garden plot. On a plot in the Moscow region you can grow winter and spring garlic. IN different regions grow different varieties garlic, which are most suitable for the existing climate.
Growing conditions
Depending on the variety of garlic, choose the planting time. Spring garlic is planted in open ground in the spring, in the first half of April. Better plant planting material as early as possible. If you plant this type of garlic in the fall, it will not take root well, and crops with poor roots will die during winter frosts. For autumn planting worth using winter garlic.
Successful cultivation is only possible with the right conditions.
Growing conditions:
- correct growing location;
- fertilizing the beds before planting;
- proper landing seed material;
- care during growth.
Site preparation
Site preparation should be done 2-3 weeks before the intended planting. During this period, the soil will settle well and prepare for planting.
To begin with, the area is cleared of debris and plant debris. Good growth plants it will only work if proper fertilizer. For garlic choose nutrient soils. For greater nutritional value, it is necessary to add humus and minerals to the soil. For one hundred square meters you need to add 30-40 grams of ammonium nitrate, 15-20 grams of potassium chloride and 50 grams of superphosphate. Fertilizers are laid out on the site and dug up. In this way, you can evenly distribute the fertilizer.
Preparation of seed material
Only the healthiest seeds should be used as planting material. Before planting, the seed material is sorted out, removing dried, damaged or rotten seeds.
For disinfection it is necessary soak the seeds in the solution copper sulfate. Soaking is carried out for 10-15 minutes.
If the gardener is completely confident in the seed, then disinfection is not necessary. In this case, the cloves are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. This procedure helps increase the immunity of the cloves, making them better able to resist diseases. After 12-24 hours, the seeds can be planted in open ground.
Spring garlic should be planted in the spring. Moreover, it is necessary to plant before the soil dries out and the air temperature rises. To begin germination, the plant must be planted in open ground at a temperature of +4-10 degrees. This air temperature is most suitable for formation of a strong root system. But if you plant a plant at more high temperature, then the roots grow rather slowly. A plant with weak roots is not able to form a large and healthy head of garlic.
Rules for planting garlic:
- the bed is prepared and fertilized in advance;
- Now you can dig up the soil to distribute fertilizer and make the soil lighter;
- Garlic heads are separated into individual cloves. They need to be dried for 1-2 days;
- the soil is leveled using a rake;
- Using a stick or metal rod, furrows are made on the surface of the area. The furrows are made at a distance of 2-3 decimeters from each other. This distance is necessary for comfortable plant growth up to optimal size, and will also make it easier to care for plants;
- cloves are planted at a distance 6-8 centimeters from each other. The distance should be selected depending on the size of the seed. Large bulbs require a distance of at least 8 centimeters. But for small bulbs, 6 centimeters is enough. It is better to plant after sorting the seeds by size. First, small onions are planted in the garden bed, and then larger seeds begin to be planted;
- The size of the teeth also affects the planting depth. Large cloves can be planted at a depth of 5-7 centimeters. And small seeds are planted at a depth of approximately 4-5 centimeters;
- the planted cloves are covered with a thin layer of earth and watered;
- the soil surface can be mulched: to do this, 3-5 centimeters of mulching materials are laid out on the surface of the ground. Straw, dry leaves, pine needles, crushed bark, and so on are used as mulch. This mulch prevents top layer soil from drying out quickly and helps in the fight against weeds.
Winter garlic must be planted so that it takes root well in the soil, but does not begin to grow. If the cloves begin to grow, then winter frosts will destroy the entire harvest. But it is not recommended to plant plants too late, because the cloves will not be able to take root well, which will also lead to loss of yield.
The optimal time for planting is considered to be 2-3 weeks before the onset of stable frosts.
If you plan to plant aerial bulbs, then planting can be done in the fall or early spring. The disadvantages of autumn planting are that in summer period the plant will form arrows. And this will not have a very good effect on the amount of harvest. At spring planting there will be no arrows, which means there will be more harvest.
Further care of the plant
Further caring for garlic is not difficult. The most necessary care is watering and fertilizing, and fertilizing should be carried out in a timely manner.
To grow large heads, it is necessary to tie the greens of the plant in early August. This technique helps stop the feeding of green shoots, and thus all the plant’s energy goes into the development and formation of large heads. And also for a more successful harvest experienced gardeners recommend update your varieties in a timely manner. You should not expect a big harvest if the cloves were planted in a place where potatoes, onions and tomatoes previously grew. These precursors can infect garlic with various pests and diseases.
Thanks to correct landing and care can be grown big harvest, and this does not require a large plot of land. Moreover, you can plant varietal garlic, which is large in size and has good long-term storage ability.
The nutritional and medicinal value of garlic is difficult to overestimate. By adding this vegetable to your dishes, you can once and for all get rid of problems with digestion and assimilation of food. In addition, it is a preventative against many diseases. Knowing the basic rules, you can get it at any time of the year. The vegetable feels great personal plots, in gardens, vegetable gardens and even on the windowsill. It can be planted in open ground both in autumn and spring. Garlic is also very good at controlling numerous pests that attack currants, tomatoes, and strawberries. Therefore, it is recommended to plant it next to fruit, berry and vegetable crops.
Features of growing winter garlic
At the end of October or beginning of November, when the gardens are already more or less harvested, summer residents begin to new job- preparing areas for new residents. Not knowing how to properly grow winter garlic, novice gardeners are afraid to plant the crop for the winter. Although seedlings planted in autumn are stronger and more resilient. The most important thing is to guess the weather. The cloves need to be planted about a month before prolonged frosts. If this is done ahead of time, the garlic may germinate and lose its cold resistance. At late boarding the vegetable does not have time to create a reliable root system.
Popular varieties
To get a good harvest, it is important not only to know how to grow garlic, but also to choose the right seed. The bottom of the cloves should be free of suberized crust, because it retards the growth of the crop. There are several of the most popular varieties of garlic that tolerate low temperatures. "Komsomolets" and "Otradnensky" are suitable for planting in cold regions. They taste sharp and throw out arrows. The Komsomol bulb weighs up to 30 g and forms about 8 cloves. "Otradnensky" refers to large varieties, its scales are purple.
It is also worth noting the excellent taste and cold resistance of “Gribovsky Jubilee”. This garlic forms an onion with a large number of cloves, its weight reaches 40 g. Also among summer residents, the “Poretsky” and “Danilovsky local” varieties are very popular. They form large number cloves, sharp, cold-resistant.
Planting winter garlic
To get a good harvest, you should choose a suitable plot with fertile soil. About a month before planting, the soil needs to be dug up, organic matter added and complex fertilizers However, you should not use fresh manure, because it is a source of fungi. The width of the beds should be about 75 cm and the height - 8 cm. It is recommended to change the planting sites for garlic annually. Large bulbs will grow in areas where zucchini, cucumbers or cabbage grew.
Beginner gardeners do not know how to grow good winter garlic. There is a little trick here - you need to calibrate the teeth. Too small, rotten, soft ones should not be taken at all. It is also not recommended to plant specimens with double fruiting bodies or several tops. Planting material should be disinfected in a 1% solution of copper sulfate. The cloves need to be planted to a depth of 5 cm, with an interval of 10 cm, the distance between the rows is recommended to be 20 cm. Garlic does not like density, because otherwise it will have to fight for space and will not be able to gain the required weight.
Garlic care and harvesting
In autumn, it is recommended to cover the area with the crop with agrofibre, leaves or spruce branches. As soon as the snow melts, the shelter should be removed. In early spring, it is important to make two fertilizings with urea; they are necessary for active vegetation. If the soil itself is poor, then for the bulb to grow, fertilizer should be applied 2 times a month throughout the growing season. As soon as the height of the arrows reaches 20 cm, they need to be pinched at a level of 5 cm. In order for the garlic to ripen faster, you need to scrape a little earth away from the bulbs.
There is no need to delay harvesting the crops; it should be done as soon as they turn yellow. lower leaves. It is very important to know how to properly grow winter garlic, because if you do not have time to dig it up in time, the scales will come off and expose the cloves, and this will affect the quality of storage of the vegetable. The bulbs should be placed under a canopy for natural drying for a week, and when the root lobe begins to crumble into dust under your fingers, you can transfer them to permanent place storage
Features of growing spring garlic
Fertile loamy and sandy loam soils are most suitable for planting bulbous crops. Knowing how to grow onions and garlic, you can achieve good harvest. These vegetables are not demanding, but still have some growing features. Garlic is a light-loving plant, so it should not be planted in the shade of trees. It can be given a separate bed or placed next to fruit and berry crops or vegetables. Garlic feels good near strawberries, potatoes, raspberries, tomatoes, cucumbers, black currants, onions, gooseberries, roses, gladioli, tulips. It can be planted in areas where cabbage and legumes used to grow, but it is not recommended to combine them in one bed.
Beginner gardeners do not know how to grow summer garlic healthy and big. To do this, you need to choose good planting material, remove diseased and small teeth. It is worth updating varieties from time to time because they can degenerate. To make spring garlic grow faster, it is sprouted. The teeth are placed in a wet cloth bag and placed in plastic bag for a couple of days. But it is not at all necessary to do all this.
Planting summer garlic
The crop must be planted in the spring, as soon as the soil warms up to +7 °C (somewhere in early or mid-April). Dry soil requires abundant watering, if it is wet, then it is not necessary to water the beds. The garlic is planted to a depth of about 6 cm, it should be twice the height of the clove. Germinated seed must be planted carefully, without damaging the root system. The beds need to be mulched. The rows should be made about 20 cm wide, the cloves are planted at intervals of 10 cm. Spring garlic is not afraid of frost, its shoots appear at +3 °C. The initial growing season for the crop takes place at +10 °C, the bulb is formed at +15 °C, and it matures at +25 °C.
Crop care
Many people wonder how to grow large garlic, especially if the summer is hot and it is not possible to constantly water the beds. In this case, it is necessary to mulch the soil, and it is better to choose light mulch. During the growing season, you need to try to provide the garlic with plenty of water, because at this time it is actively growing. When the bulbs ripen, moisture is needed in smaller quantities. In rainy weather, the area should not be flooded with water at all. Overmoistening should not be allowed under any circumstances, because it provokes the development of fungi and damage to the bulbs.
For spring garlic, it is recommended to carry out two feedings: in early spring, water the ground with a solution of bird droppings or rotted cow manure, and in mid-summer - with a solution of ash. Mineral fertilizers are not used for crops; they do not benefit either vegetables or human health. Recommendations on how to grow garlic also include weed control and periodic loosening of the soil. Thanks to mulching, you can make caring for the crop much easier, avoid weeding the soil and reduce the number of waterings.
What is the difference between spring and winter garlic?
Crop varieties are divided into two large groups: bolting and non-bolting. Before growing garlic, you should decide on the variety and its type. Gardeners claim that only winter varieties produce shoots, but in some cases they can also appear on spring crops. It all depends on climatic features region. Winter garlic has large cloves located around the stem. The spring variety is smaller, its bulbs are dense. Winter crops are frost-resistant and their yield is extremely high, but in terms of shelf life they are significantly inferior to summer crops, which are preserved intact throughout the year.
What does garlic need to grow?
This is an incredibly cold-resistant plant that can withstand temperatures down to -45 ° C, so residents temperate latitudes there's no need to worry about him. The bulbs are perfectly preserved under snow cover, and in the spring at +3 °C they begin to grow. The culture develops normally at +18-25 °C. On the question of how to grow large garlic, the quality of the soil plays a big role. The plant feels best on loamy and sandy soils, but does not tolerate acidic and saline soils.
Garlic responds well to fertilizing, but mineral fertilizers and fresh manure should be excluded. Loves moisture, but waterlogging can have a detrimental effect on the bulbs. For spring garlic, the site must be prepared in the fall, and for winter garlic, a month before planting. The bed should be dug up and about 5 kg of humus added per 1 m2.
Planting large garlic
You need to immediately decide which crop to plant - winter or spring. There are several secrets to the question of how to grow large garlic. Larger bulbs are easier to obtain from winter variety. Depending on the climatic characteristics of the region, it is planted at the end of September or in October. The teeth should take root before the onset of frost, but not grow. Spring garlic is planted in early spring, as soon as the snow melts. It is not afraid of frost, the main thing here is to gain time, because before the heat sets in, the bulb must form. Otherwise, the garlic will turn out small.
In order for the vegetable to grow large, you need to make wide rows (25 cm) and plant the cloves at a distance of 12 cm from each other. It is important to guess the planting depth; it should be equal to double the height of the planting material. This rule does not apply to spring garlic; its cloves are buried 3 cm. The soil should not be made too loose, but it is not recommended to press the planting material into the ground. After planting, you need to cover the beds with mulch.
Garlic on the windowsill
Many housewives worry in advance about the availability of greenery during the cold season. If everything is more or less clear with onions, because they sprout incredibly quickly, then few people know how to grow garlic on a windowsill. And garlic greens are required in many dishes. If you simply plant the cloves in a pot of soil, they will germinate closer to spring. It's very easy to speed up the process. To do this, it is necessary to place the containers with garlic outside late in the fall so that it can undergo cold treatment. Then you should take the boxes home and water the soil warm water. At a temperature of +17 °C, greenery will appear within a week. Even those who did not know how to grow garlic at home can easily get it in the cold season. Fragrant greens on the windowsill when a blizzard is raging outside, what could be more comfortable?
Garlic diseases
Despite the undemanding culture, it can still be affected during the growing season various diseases. The most common is bottom rot; the fungus causes the bulb to rot, the roots to die, and the leaves to turn yellow. If it appears on the leaves gray plaque, this means that the garlic has been attacked by downy mildew. This disease threatens the under-ripening of the bulbs. White rot provokes the death of leaves and the formation of mycelium on the roots. The disease leads to tooth decay. Leads to very unpleasant consequences bacterial rot. Because of it, brown ulcers with a rotten smell appear on the teeth. To protect the crop from pests, it is necessary to treat the garlic with an ash solution before planting. You can also plant the plant next to calendula and chicory, they save you from nematodes.
Garlic is grown on almost every summer cottage. But not everyone knows the intricacies of growing technology. Quality and quantity directly depend on this harvested. It is also important to distinguish spring garlic from winter garlic, because this directly affects the planting time.
Winter garlic is different high yield And large sizes. The disadvantages of winter garlic include short term storage
Winter garlic is suitable for canning or pickling with various vegetables.
Landing dates
Garlic is planted in the fall, after the first cold weather sets in, but before the soil freezes. As a rule, this is the beginning of October - mid-November.
It is better to buy the largest garlic bulbs as planting material. Over time this will produce its own supply of garlic.
Soil preparation and crop rotation
To prepare the soil for planting winter garlic, you need to add ash and sand to the soil a few weeks before planting. Garlic grows best in well-drained soil, as it does not tolerate stagnation of moisture and prefers soil with a high content of organic matter. High bed will become ideal place for growing garlic.
The soil must be fertilized with rotted manure or high-quality compost. To do this, spread a layer of compost 3–5 centimeters thick over the entire planting area and dig it to the depth of half a spade bayonet. Like most garden crops, garlic grows best when the soil pH is between 6 and 7. If you fertilize the soil with rotted manure or compost before winter planting, further fertilization will not be needed until spring.
Crop rotation rules prohibit planting garlic in the same place more than once every five years. But often small size the site does not allow strict adherence to this rule. Therefore, it is quite possible to return garlic to its original place of cultivation, provided that an interval of 2–3 years is maintained and the correct predecessor plants are selected.
It is not recommended to plant it after onions, potatoes, carrots and other root vegetables, since their cultivation significantly depletes the soil. Not best predecessors garlic are nightshade crops, which can infect it with fusarium. And after legumes, cauliflower, cucumbers, zucchini and melon, garlic will feel good and delight you with a wonderful harvest.
When planting you should consider:
- The garlic bed should be illuminated by the sun at least 5 hours a day;
- Soil pH should be neutral to slightly acidic (6-7);
- Fresh manure should not be used to fertilize the soil;
- Planting material should be placed at a distance of 15 centimeters from each other, 5-7 centimeters deep.
Preparation of planting material
Additional processing of the cloves before planting has a positive effect on the quality of the garlic harvest. This serves as a preventive measure against viral, fungal and bacterial diseases.
To treat planting material, you can use special preparations sold in gardening stores (Fitolavin, Fitosporin-M, Maxim).
Using improvised means will be no less effective. For example, you can soak the teeth in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 10 to 12 hours.
You can also soak the planting material in water for 3 minutes before planting. saline solution. To prepare the solution you will need 3 tablespoons table salt mix with 5 liters of water.
Good results are obtained by treating a head of garlic with a solution of copper sulfate.
Methods for planting garlic
Planting bulbs with cloves (lateral buds)
On the day of planting, it is necessary to form beds 1 to 2 meters wide. The teeth are planted at a distance of 15–20 centimeters from each other and deepened from five to seven centimeters. The weight of the cloves must be at least 4 grams. The planting site is sprinkled with a centimeter of humus on top.
Garlic should take root before cold weather arrives. That's why best time The planting period will be from early October to mid-November.
Garlic cannot be planted as a whole head. Before planting, the head is divided into single cloves.
Planting with aerial bulbs (bulbs)
To obtain a good garlic harvest, it is recommended to update the planting material periodically. In this case, small aerial garlic bulbs obtained from the peduncle - the arrows of a well-developed plant - are used as seeds. When the twisted arrow of garlic straightens, it is time to collect the seeds of the aerial bulbs.
They are planted for the winter in the year of collection, after being sorted and dried for a month.
The planting time and soil preparation process are the same as when planting winter garlic cloves. Before sowing, aerial bulbs are soaked in a solution wood ash for at least 12 hours. The seeds are planted at a distance of 4–6 centimeters from each other and deepened from three to four centimeters.
The covering layer of mulch should be about 2 centimeters. Spring care caring for plants coincides with care when planting with cloves.
In the first year, a single-toothed bulb (set) grows from the aerial bulbs, which will then serve as good renewed planting material. In this case, timely harvesting is very important, since ripe single-toothed bulbs are prone to self-burying. The harvesting time can be determined by the condition of the plant - the leaves begin to turn yellow and droop down.
After two years, the small aerial bulbs will grow into bulbs standard size.
Planting with single-pronged bulbs (sets)
If it is necessary to obtain very large single-pronged bulbs, sets of single-pronged bulbs are planted in the spring, in the second ten days of April.
To obtain regular heads of garlic, the sets are planted in the fall.
Before sowing, the largest, brightest and most even bulbs are selected. Seeds should be planted in rows at a distance of 10 - 12 centimeters from each other and 20 centimeters between rows. Pre-sowing preparation soil, choice of location, and planting time are the same as for aerial bulbs and cloves - from early October to mid-November.
Preparing for winter
After planting in the ground, it is necessary to cover the garlic with mulch made from a thick layer of straw or leaves. This will act as insulation, protecting the bulbs from the cycle of extreme freezes and thaws, thereby preventing the bulbs from freezing.
Care in spring and summer
In spring, you can remove the mulch to the side to warm the soil with natural sun rays and accelerate growth. Once the soil has warmed and small green shoots have begun to appear, some mulch should be put back in place to control weed growth and retain moisture.
Garlic does not require a lot of watering unless the soil is very dry. How less water when watering, the more concentrated the aroma of garlic.
In summer, spring and winter garlic produces shoots that need to be removed, as they do not allow for a good harvest.
Growing spring garlic
Spring garlic differs from winter garlic in the size and number of cloves. It is smaller and less convenient when preparing dishes. Its advantage is more long term storage, which allows you to use garlic throughout the cold season.
Landing dates
Spring garlic is planted after the frosts have stopped, towards the end of April, starting in the second decade.
Co-cultivation
In addition to following the rules of crop rotation, it is equally important to choose good neighbors in the garden. Neighboring plants will help resist infectious diseases and protect from pests.
Good neighbors garlic will be in all types of salads, as well as spice crops. They can be planted in one bed alternating rows.
Garlic has a beneficial effect on the growth of nightshades - it repels Colorado potato beetle and minimizes the harm of late blight. Garlic planted next to strawberry or wild strawberry bushes increases their productivity and saves them from aphids and ants.
Garlic should not be planted next to cabbage, peas and legumes. This will slow down their development and minimize yield.
Caring for spring garlic
Caring for spring garlic involves timely feeding, regular watering, weeding and loosening the soil.
Mulching a bed of garlic allows you to reduce watering and protects the soil from drying out in the heat.
Watering and fertilizing garlic
Most active growth The green mass of garlic begins in May and lasts until mid-July. During this period, it is necessary to water the garlic beds 3 – 4 times a month. In case of heavy rain and high humidity soil, watering should not be done, since excess moisture leads to the development of fungal and bacterial diseases of the bulbs and yellowing of the leaves. In the second half of summer, watering should be significantly reduced or stopped completely.
Fertilizing should be carried out 2 times during the growing season. The first fertilizing is carried out immediately after the appearance of green shoots. To prepare the solution, add 2 cups of wood ash to 10 - 12 liters of water. You can also feed the plants with any nitrogen fertilizers. The second feeding is carried out at the beginning of the formation of the bulbs. For the second feeding, humus or any mineral fertilizers are used.
Diseases and pests of garlic
To collect high yield To grow garlic, you must follow all the rules of planting, crop rotation, care and prevention of plant diseases.
Fungal diseases of garlic include peronosporosis, black mold, black neck rot, rust, green mold, black moldy rot, white rot.
Garlic bulbs can be affected by fungus even during storage. Affected fruits infect healthy ones. The main symptom of the disease is the appearance of wet dark spots and lethargy of the bulbs. A white coating is noticeable on the surface of the heads, which turns green over time. Further development the disease leads to a hollow bulb. Contributes to garlic head disease elevated temperature and humidity in the storage room.
There are fungal diseases, capable of affecting garlic not only during storage, but also in the beds.
Symptoms of the disease are:
- rapid yellowing and drying of leaves from top to bottom;
- education white plaque at the base of the bush.
Gradually the plant dies.
Prevention of fungal diseases will include compliance with crop rotation, correct predecessor plants, and periodic renewal of planting material by collecting and planting aerial bulbs.
To combat an existing disease, fungicides are used - chemicals, intended for treating seeds and combating plant fungus. Fungicide concentrate is toxic to both humans and animals.
If preference is given to an environmentally friendly product and there is no desire to treat plants with chemicals, use folk remedies.
You can treat the plants with an infusion of calendula and yarrow. To do this, pour 50 grams of chopped plant greens into 1 liter hot water. Insist for seven days. Before spraying, the infusion is diluted in water at the rate of 1 liter of infusion per 10 liters of water. The soil is cultivated before sowing and again during the period of abundant development of green mass. This treatment will be effective against white rot.
Not less problems delivered by pests of bulbous crops. Among the most common pests of garlic are onion fly, onion hoverfly, onion borer, onion thrips, onion stalker, onion moths, onion stem nematode, root mites, four-legged garlic mite.
To protect the harvest, you need to take timely measures when the first signs of pests appear. It is recommended to treat plants with well-proven insecticides (chemical preparations designed to combat harmful insects), such as Actellik, Neoron, Dimethoate-400, Calypso and others. Each product comes with detailed instructions by application.
It is important to know when breeding bees in a summer cottage that the use of insecticides can be harmful to insects.
If you don't want to use chemicals, then you can use traditional methods pest control. Among them, we can highlight the treatment of plants with shag infusion - add 250 grams of shag and 1 tablespoon of hot red pepper to 2 liters of hot water. Leave for 3 days. Then strain the tincture and dilute in 10 liters of water, adding 30 grams liquid soap. This treatment will save garlic from onion fly.
Garlic storage
A cellar or basement is the best place for storage.
Winter garlic is stored in a cool room. The temperature should be from +2 to +4 degrees Celsius and air humidity should not exceed 70 percent. The shelf life is from 3 to 4 months.
Spring garlic is stored in a warm room at an air temperature of +16 to +20 degrees Celsius and a humidity not exceeding 70 percent. The shelf life is from 5 to 7 months.
Before storing garlic, you need to take care of processing the storage in advance. One of the treatment methods is fumigation of the room with sulfur dioxide. It is also necessary to remove all plant remains from last year's food supplies. This will help avoid contamination of the bulbs during storage.
The storage room for garlic should be clean and dry, with a good ventilation system. Boxes, thick cardboard boxes, finely woven baskets, old nylon stockings, fabric bags, that is, any breathable material or container, are used as storage containers.
Before placing the garlic in a container, it is important to sort through the bulbs, removing those damaged during digging. Clear the soil and leave it on the bed to dry or place it under a canopy for 4 to 5 days. Then cut off the root and stem, leaving a stick about 10 - 12 centimeters long.
During storage, periodically inspect the bulbs, selecting spoiled ones. Make sure that no moisture gets into the storage area.
If there is no special storage space, it is recommended to place the garlic in the vegetable compartment in the refrigerator.
Under no circumstances should you put garlic heads in a plastic bag, as it will quickly deteriorate. It is better to place the garlic in a paper bag and put it in the refrigerator.
To store in an apartment, take a plywood box and place garlic in it, sprinkling layers with dry sawdust. Also suitable as containers glass jars. In this case, the garlic is sprinkled with salt, the jars are left open.
Paraffin from a melted candle allows you to extend the shelf life of garlic. To do this, dip each onion in hot paraffin. This will create a conservation effect.
Basic criteria for storing garlic:
- Room temperature;
- Air humidity;
- Pre-treatment of the room.
If you need to store garlic not as planting material, but for the purpose of using it as food, then pickling, canning and salting are widely used.
In conclusion, it can be noted that garlic is not only useful product for a person, but also a good opportunity to receive monetary profit without making high costs material and labor resources.
This plant does not require a large area to grow. land plot and already in the first year, if you follow the growing technology, you can get a good harvest.
Garlic - popular vegetable crop, which is used in the preparation of many dishes. It adds piquancy and sharpness. Any gardener grows garlic on his plot, but how to properly grow and store it? When to plant winter garlic? How to grow a spring variety? Let's try to figure it out and find answers to these questions.
Planting in open ground
In order to harvest a large and high-quality harvest, you need to follow some rules. Preparing the soil and the vegetable itself for planting is very important. Also important conditions Proper planting is about meeting deadlines.
You can plant garlic both bought in a store and collected with your own hands from last year’s harvest.
Seed preparation
There are several rules for preparing garlic cloves for planting, which will avoid many diseases and help them germinate well.
First, disassemble the head into cloves. Next, they sort the cloves and select only good, undamaged cloves. If the selected variety does not produce arrows, then the cloves for planting are taken only from the outer row.
Two months before planting, it is useful for garlic to undergo a hardening procedure. To do this, it must be placed for 1.5-2 months in a place with an air temperature of up to five degrees Celsius. This could be the cellar or the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
For that to reap a quality harvest, before planting it is necessary to disinfect planting garlic. A salt solution is perfect for this, which includes 10 liters of water and 3 tablespoons of salt. Soak the garlic in salt for about a day. A pale pink solution of manganese is also suitable for disinfection. The cloves should spend about twenty minutes in manganese.
Rules and terms
You should not delay planting cloves, as this plant takes a long time to germinate and may simply not have time to fully ripen. Garlic tolerates cold well, and the ideal time for planting it has always been considered the period from April 7 to April 14. But the weather is often unpredictable, and due to this, the timing may vary.
When to plant garlic (the so-called “planting before winter”) - current question summer residents in autumn period, because this spice is famous healing properties and outstanding taste qualities. It's not surprising that this aromatic plant found in any suburban area. Growing garlic in open ground, in general, is not very intricate, but every summer resident should strive to choose a planting method that is convenient for themselves. There are not many subtleties when planting and caring for garlic, and following them will allow you to get a higher-quality harvest and preserve it longer.
Winter garlic: planting before winter, when to plant cloves in the ground
There are two main types of garlic – winter and spring. The first one is suitable for autumn planting; it can be left to overwinter in the soil. Spring (non-shooting) planted in the spring. Planting time does not affect plant growing technology in any way. Winter garlic can also be planted in the spring, then it will ripen a little later and will be stored better.
To receive stable harvest every summer resident must determine optimal timing planting cloves - the time for planting winter garlic is different for each region. IN Middle lane teeth are planted in September-October, in the south - in October-November, and in the North-West as early as August (experience of G. Kizima).
Preparation of planting material
As seed material cloves are used, less often - aerated bulbs of winter garlic, the so-called bulbs. The plant reproduces vegetatively. If the garlic was poorly stored in the previous winter, or the leaves on the garden bed turned yellow early, then before planting, the cloves are disinfected with the drug Maxim, or the bed is spilled with Fitosporin-M.
Soil and planting
A garden plot for growing garlic in open ground should not be flooded with water on rainy days - this will harm the crop. This happened to us in 2015, when a mudflow swept through the garden and brought in clay. Although the water did not “stay” for long, clay was deposited on top, and the garlic heads became wet or suffocated - they were stored extremely poorly in winter.
If you grow garlic as a monoculture, a couple of weeks before the intended planting, loosen the top layer of the bed with a flat cutter and add humus or mature compost to it. The soil should be neutral acidity. You can liming in advance or add a little ash to the ground. To protect garlic from fungal diseases, water the garden bed with Fitosporin-M. And to avoid the germination of weed seedlings, cover the prepared bed with black non-woven material.
Garlic should not be planted in the same place - this contributes to the accumulation of growth inhibitors in the soil and attracts pests. It is desirable that the predecessors of the crop be cabbage or cucumbers.
As already mentioned, winter garlic in the central zone is planted mainly in September or early October. It tolerates frost remarkably well: nothing will happen to the plants even at a temperature of -20 degrees. However, before the onset of frost, it is better to cover them - for this, tops from the autumn harvest, leaf litter, peat or humus are used. In the spring, garlic feathers will pass through any mulch. 
The timing is, of course, approximate: if it’s a warm autumn, you shouldn’t rush to plant the tines. It is better to wait until the first snowball falls, and after it melts, plant garlic.
The largest plant heads are selected for planting. Before being placed in the soil, the cloves are separated and heated to +40 degrees. The sowing pattern is simple: 4 cm between tines with a distance of 20 cm between rows. Planting material is placed in the soil to a depth of 5-8 cm.
We do not allocate a separate bed for garlic, but use combined plantings, planting it along the edge of one of the 3 middle beds. One line on a 3-meter bed is enough for us both for salting and for winter storage. Moving around the garden, garlic treats the soil from pathogens, and crop rotation is observed for itself - it will return to its original place after 6 years.
Previously, for planting, we used a flat cutter to form a groove and put the cloves in it, but now we began to press the peg in and throw the cloves in there. Then sprinkle the holes with compost. That's pretty simple technology growing garlic in open ground.
In terms of labor costs, there seems to be no gain - here and there you have to bend your knees. But planting in dense holes from a peg does not disturb the layers of soil, and the roots of garlic are perfectly anchored there for the winter - they never stick out of the ground as happens when planting in dug up soil.
Growing garlic in open ground: care features
Garlic is no more demanding to care for than onions. Regular mulching of the soil and periodic watering will suffice for him. IN mineral fertilizers culture does not need, rather the opposite. No need to fertilize fresh manure. In a year, it will be enough to feed the soil twice: with solutions of bird droppings in the spring, and with ash in the summer.
In order for the bulb to gain more nutrients and has become large, the arrow is cut off at the moment the second turn appears. Arrows are edible; there are many wonderful dishes using them. As soon as the leaves begin to turn yellow, you can begin harvesting. We recommend not to wait for the false stem to dry out - this will adversely affect the quality of the cloves.
The heads can be collected by prying up the layer of soil with a fork (without turning the layer), and if the soil is loose, then simply pull it out of the ground with your hands. After harvesting, the crop must be dried. To do this, garlic is often braided and hung from the ceiling or on the veranda. Well, we remind you that storage in conditions of high humidity will lead to rotting of the cloves, and as a result, the harvest will quickly deteriorate.
Adherents of natural farming have accumulated many methods for growing garlic; there are even two-tier plantings. We also tried everything, and gradually abandoned large volumes, reduced garlic bed up to one row. And only then they began to plant the cloves without digging, using a peg. This fairly simple cultivation of succulent heads in open ground is very suitable for us. Now you know how to plant garlic before winter, and you can choose the optimal time for your region when to plant the cloves in the ground.