TO hinged ventilated facade, consisting of an aluminum subsystem and a set of rectangular decorative segments, has attracted the attention of most design and construction organizations. The ventilated suspended façade as a method of improving the energy efficiency of buildings was discovered more than 20 years ago. During this period, manufacturers of facade components have developed dozens of techniques for using technologies in aggressive environmental conditions.
Finishing methods
Decorative finishing is a method of shaping architectural style. The decorative layer is assigned several utilitarian functions. It is the outer cladding that should:
- determine the price of a ventilation façade;
- provide reliable protection of walls from adverse effects;
- visually decorate an inconspicuous, at first glance, structure.
To form a clear understanding of the advantages of different types of finishing, it is necessary to consider each of them separately.
Porcelain tile cladding
Artificial material. For the production of ceramic granite the following are used:
- a mixture of two types of clay;
- dyes;
- a product of sifting milky-white quartz and rock-forming minerals from the silicate class.
The resulting raw materials are used to form tiles, which are pressed on hydraulic presses and fired in specialized kilns at a temperature of about 1300 °C.
Porcelain tiles have a strong, durable structure. The slabs are used in construction, decoration of buildings, and for interior finishing work.
Composite panels
The composite is quite flexible, allowing you to create rounded corners and curved shapes. The structure of the panel itself is a heterogeneous product with many layers. The technology for producing panels from different materials involves the preparation of aluminum and components (straightened aluminum is subjected to chemical synthesis), painting, priming, heat gluing and pressing. The process of joining metal, polymers and mineral materials is carried out under the influence of high temperatures.
Composite panels are an outwardly stylish and modern way of arranging the outer layer of walls. Their surface does not contain an electrifying component, and therefore dirt and dust are washed off during the first precipitation. The panels are resistant to corrosion, wind and ice loads, and are not afraid of sudden temperature fluctuations. Purposes of use:
- design of architectural elements of houses;
- restoration of buildings;
- arrangement of billboards.
Natural or artificial stone
Natural stone facades are recognized as the most practical. NVF made of stone is the same multilayer system, including insulation, windproof membrane, frame base, and finishing layer.
According to the technical characteristics, the ventilated stone façade complies with the standards for the design of buildings for any purpose. Cladding made of granite, sandstone, and other rocks is used to make a structure:
- unique;
- "dear";
- with high status.
Fiber cement panels
Fiber cement-based slabs with a textured paint and varnish coating are a striking example of high-quality design of the exterior of an object. The structure and chemical composition of fiber cement make it possible to install a decorative layer regardless of the time of year, climate, or air temperature.
Fiber cement parts perform a heat-saving, decorative function. The material is durable, not exposed to flame, and does not corrode over time. Mounted horizontally, longitudinally.
Facade cassettes
Facade decorations, called metal cassettes, are flat metal parts with edges curved inward along the perimeter. The manufacturing process of metal cassettes involves the use of composites or thin metal (brass, aluminum, copper) sheets, with or without a protective coating.
The use of galvanized metal cassettes in tandem with a galvanized subsystem allows you to decorate the facade with inexpensive materials. Steel cassettes are lightweight, non-flammable, easy to repair, and do not allow sound to pass through.
Technical data
Ventilated facades occupy a large segment of the building materials market. The ventilation façade design has several advantages:
- Fire resistance. Of the finishing materials developed for decorating the facades of buildings, only those that do not support combustion are used;
- Heat retention. Thanks to the properties of the insulation, the internal space of the building maintains a comfortable temperature for humans;
- Natural sound insulation. The function of protecting against the penetration of extraneous noise into the building is performed by a layer of thermal insulation;
- No condensation. The air gap between the wall and the decorative coating prevents the formation of vapors. Because of this, moisture is removed from the insulation, leaving it dry m;
- Saving money when preparing walls.The system is mounted on a substructure and helps hide construction defects. Consequently, you won’t have to spend money on plastering to even out dimensional deviations;
- Corrosion resistance. Panels containing anti-corrosion materials protect load-bearing walls from changes in air temperatures and chemical influences from the outside;
- Implementation of any design idea. A large selection of textures, colors, shapes, types of finishes allows you to play with shadows and combine colors;
- Minimum weight of the substructure. The NVF system is lightweight and easy to install. Work on construction sites is carried out even in the winter months.
Types and characteristic qualities of insulation
- universal application;
- good insulating qualities;
- good technical characteristics.
- Withstands temperatures without destruction - 1000 degrees;
- Shrinkage 5%;
- Density - from 30 to 100 kg/m³;
- Cotton wool with a basalt component.
- thermal conductivity - from 0.032 to 0.048 W/mK;
- density - 30-100 kg/m3;
- does not burn.
Disadvantages:
- does not tolerate moisture well;
- price.
The thermal insulator produced by chemical means - extruded polystyrene foam - has a lot of positive qualities:
- high insulating qualities;
- ability to repel moisture;
- resistance to chemical environments;
- does not shrink, does not deform.
Disadvantages include flammability and toxicity of combustion products. It is also necessary to use an adhesive for installation.
Characteristics:- closed pores no more than 0.2 mm;
- thermal conductivity - 028 - 0.03 W/mK.
Glass wool.
An inexpensive and often commercially available insulation is glass wool, a traditional insulation material both in private homes and industrial premises. Disadvantages include fragility of fibers and harmful dust. Glass wool is made from waste glass.
Characteristics:
- thermal conductivity - 0.039-0.047 W/mK;
- sound absorption - 35 to 40 dB;
- density - 11-25 kg meter cubic.
Mineral wool is called thermal insulationyator created from molten rock minerals. Advantages of insulation material:
The disadvantages of insulation include the appearance of a “cold bridge” (technological joints), a relatively high price, and the formation of mineral dust.
Characteristics of stone wool:
The material can withstand more than 1000 freezing cycles!
Area of use of the design
Ventilated facades can increasingly be found as a decorative design for the following construction projects:
- Private housing construction. Building materials for organizing ventilation facades are environmentally friendly, provide everyday comfort and safety for the residents of the house. Hanging systems are widely used in multi-storey housing construction. Simple installation allows you to periodically update the architectural image of a multi-story building and ensure its fire safety;
- Commercial housing construction. During construction from scratch and restoration of commercial buildings, ventilated facades solve many problems;
- Industrial engineering. There are increased requirements for the cladding of industrial facilities. A multi-layer ventilated façade neutralizes noise and vibrations;
- Design of structures of an architectural and planning organization. The versatility of the hanging system allows you to decorate adjacent structures and fences. Building materials for facades give small architectural forms a modern look and increase their service life.
Types and options of subsystems (structures)
A subsystem for ventilated facades is a set of mounting devices used to securely fasten panels to the walls of a building. The mounting system consists of guide profile segments used for fastening the decorative layer, brackets and additional fastening elements (anchors, dowels, rivets, clips, clamps, self-tapping screws).
Vertical subsystem
A vertical subsystem is used for the horizontal layout of the material selected for facing work. The fixation method is often used for cladding buildings and structures with facade panels, siding, and profiled sheets. In this version of the subsystem, anchor corners of different heights are used, which depends on the required thickness of the decor used for insulation. Along with this, cold-formed corners of the required height are also used in order to neutralize distortions and unevenness of the structure.
Vertical-horizontal subsystem
To arrange the sheathing, horizontal and vertical guide profiles are used. The vertical-horizontal system increases the rigidity of the structure due to the uniform distribution of the weight of the facing layer.
The main technological difference between one subsystem and another is the direction and location of the profiles, which is set based on the dimensions and characteristic differences in the material used for facing work. A horizontal, vertical or cross method is used to form cells. The best result is obtained by combining vertical and horizontal guides. This is how slabs made of any materials are secured.
There are several options for such subsystems: aluminum, steel and galvanized. The main task of the ventilation façade is to insulate the building while simultaneously performing a decorative function. Steel, galvanized, and aluminum subsystems can also cope with this. Each option has pros and cons.
Subsystems made of aluminum
Advantages:
- due to their lighter weight compared to metal subsystems, they are used in high-rise construction;
- minimal load on the load-bearing walls of the building (buildings with a 20-30 year lifespan can be clad);
- resistant to UV radiation, humidity and climatic conditions of the area;
- easy to use.
Flaws:
- have a low melting point, which has a negative impact on the degree of fire safety.
Subsystems made of galvanized steel
Advantages:
- least expensive option;
- easy to install, effectively mask the unevenness of the load-bearing walls of the building;
- used for cladding made of natural stone, porcelain stoneware and fiber cement panels, as well as cassettes made of metal and combined materials;
- have a long service life (over 50 years);
- environmentally friendly, highly durable, non-flammable.
Flaws:
- are susceptible to corrosion, but by painting and applying a layer of polymers this problem can be partially solved.
Subsystems made of stainless alloys
Advantages:
- resistant to frost and temperature changes;
- can be successfully used for high-rise construction (carried out at a height exceeding 50 m);
- environmentally friendly, resistant to corrosion;
- durable in use (the service life of such subsystems is more than 70 years);
- have the maximum fire safety indicator in comparison with others.
Flaws:
- high price.
Stainless steel is chosen for the installation of the ventilation facade subsystem. The steel profile is not subject to rotting, and the time of use of steel subsystems is commensurate with the service life of the building.
Mounting device
During the design of the façade of a building, it is necessary to systematically monitor the quality of work performed on site. The sequence of installation of ventilated facades looks like this:
- Installation of brackets. Cantilever support parts are attached to dowels or anchor bolts. The type of fastener is chosen taking into account the configuration and weight of the structure. Experienced installers additionally install paronite or plastic gaskets between the building wall and the metal, which eliminates the risk of a thermal bridge;
- Laying insulation. The next stage of installation of the external part of the building involves securing the thermal insulation. For fastening, mushroom-shaped dowels and composite flexible connections are used. A membrane is installed on top of the thermal insulation. Some types of modern insulation are equipped with film protection in production;
- Fastening the guides. The frame base, consisting of vertical posts and horizontal jumpers, is built after observing the gap parameters. The frame elements are connected with cylindrical rods. The configuration of the threshold between the guides depends on the decor parameters;
- Installation of facing panels. The air gap between the cladding varies in size. Its value depends on the design and design of the object. The panels are installed on mounting slides, metal brackets, and corners.
Construction cost per m2
| Section 1. Design and preparatory work | |||
| Item no. | Name | Unit Change | |
| 1.1 | Carrying out work to test the load-bearing capacity of walls (pull-out anchor), static calculation of the load on the building | set | 0,00 |
| 1.2 | Geodetic works, formation of facade diagrams | m2 | 25,00 |
| 1.3 | Design work, preparation of a detailed design for the installation of a ventilated facade | m2 | 65,00 |
| Total for section 1, including VAT 18%: | 90,00 | ||
| Section 2. Materials of illegal armed groups | |||
| Item no. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 2.1 | ESTIMA porcelain tiles, taking into account cutting costs of 6% | m2 | 730,00 |
| 2.2 | Substructure kit made of galvanized steel (vertical design). | m2 | 740,00 |
| 2.3 | Rockwool VentiButts insulation boards H 100 mm. (Expense coefficient 1.06) | m2 | 406,00 |
| 2.4 | Insulation boards Pen-roll Techno Nicole 100 mm. (top layer, flow coefficient 1.06) | m2 | 238,00 |
| 2.5 | Facade dowel for fastening 100 mm insulation boards. | PC | 6,90 |
| 2.6 | Facade dowel for fastening insulation boards, pen-roll Techno Nicole 100 mm | PC | 6,90 |
| 2.7 | Window frames (reflections and slopes) made of galvanized steel 0.5 mm, painted according to the RAL catalog | m.p. | 310,00 |
| 2,10 | Parapet covers made of galvanized steel 0.7 mm, up to 900 mm in size, painted according to RAL | m.p. | 780,00 |
| 2,11 | Substructure for parapet covers (set with fasteners) | m.p. | 280,00 |
| 2,12 | Delivery of materials to the site (%) | % | |
| Total for section 2, including VAT 18%: | 2114,00 | ||
| Section 3. Scaffolding materials, consumables for work | |||
| Item no. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 3.1. | Rental of construction cradles ZLP-630 | months | 180 000,00 |
| 3.2 | Depreciation of manual equipment | m2 | 60,00 |
| Total for section 3, including VAT 18%: | 180 060,00 | ||
| Section 4. Installation work | |||
| Item no. | Name | Unit Change | Price per unit of measurement, ₽. |
| 4.1 | Installation and dismantling of construction cradles | m2 | 80,00 |
| 4.2 | Marking, installation of brackets | m2 | 210,00 |
| 4.3 | Installation of insulation boards | m2 | 290,00 |
| 4.4 | Installation and adjustment of system guides | m2 | 430,00 |
| 4.5 | Installation of window frames (window sills and slopes made of galvanized steel). | m.p. | 280,00 |
| 4.7 | Adjustment and installation of porcelain stoneware slabs | m2 | 510,00 |
| 4.8 | Installation of parapet covers on the subsystem | m.p. | 680,00 |
| Total for section 4, including VAT 18%: | 1520,00 | ||
| TOTAL PER m2 (without slopes): | 3 957,36 | ||
| TOTAL per m2, taking into account slopes and ebbs: | 4 247,07 | ||
There is an opinion among people that curtained facades with ventilation are a modern technology that has been used relatively recently. But facts are stubborn things, and they testify not only to its age, but also to its antiquity. The fact is that curtained facades with a ventilated air layer appeared back in the days of ancient Egypt. On the territory of Ukraine, this technology first appeared during the times of Kievan Rus, and was used in the construction of temples. In Europe, curtain facades appeared only at the beginning of the 20th century. And only in the 90s ventilated facades returned to Kyiv.
Design features of curtain facades
Modern hinged ventilated facades very diverse, they decorate cottages, private houses, retail and office buildings. Everyone can choose the finishing material and insulation that they like. Securely attached to the load-bearing wall, they perform a protective function, thereby extending the life of the building. And, of course, the curtained facade makes our home elegant.
Advantages
When installed correctly, a ventilated facade has the effect of a thermos - it retains heat in winter and coolness in summer. This happens due to the fact that air circulates between the wall and the cladding, preventing the formation of condensation and removing moisture. The air gap ultimately allows you to save on heating and air conditioning at home.
And these are not all the advantages of curtain facades. Another advantage of this technology is that it does not restrict the flight of fancy in the design of a building. You can apply the most daring architectural solutions. The choice of material and the palette of components used can turn the head of even the most demanding esthete.
The aluminum profile used for installation is lightweight and durable, as well as not subject to corrosion. This ensures a long service life and allows the load-bearing wall to withstand a fairly large weight of facing materials.
The use of this technology allows you to hide unevenness, cracks and other wall defects. It is easy to keep the façade clean. Overall, it is very easy to maintain and maintain.
Another important point is that when installing a curtain façade, soundproofing materials are used, which makes life much easier even in the busiest areas.
Installation of ventilated facades
Installation of a curtain facade It begins with attaching the structure to the wall with aluminum brackets. An aluminum guide profile is attached to the brackets. The profile must be installed so that an air gap is formed between the heat-insulating layer and the facing material.
It is more advisable to use mineral wool as insulation. It is optimal for these purposes, as it allows steam to pass through and does not accumulate moisture. For example, using glass wool that seems to be similar in structure will only lead to the accumulation of dampness - the insulation will lose its shape, become compacted, or even completely settle and block the free circulation of air.
For insulation, mineral wool in the form of slabs is used. Special holes are cut in them for the moving parts of the bracket. In addition to the bracket, the slabs are secured using umbrella dowels, screwed into special holes in the wall made with a hammer drill.
When laying insulation boards, you should try to lay them as tightly as possible to each other. The mineral wool also needs to be covered with a waterproofing film, which is laid between the insulation boards and the walls of the building.
You can start attaching facing materials only after you have thoroughly mastered the technology for installing hinged ventilated facades. A large number of materials are used for cladding, varying in both price and structure.
Main facing materials:
Porcelain stoneware is pressed and fired clay. Durable and moisture-resistant material, retains its original color for a long time. A ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is an excellent choice at an affordable price.
Natural stone (usually granite) is very attractive in appearance and moisture resistant. We can say that its service life is practically unlimited, enough for you and your grandchildren. For example, a granite facade, according to experts, will last at least 500 years. The only negative is the high cost.
Composite panels are sheets of aluminum with a layer of polyethylene. Easy to install, moisture resistant. A ventilated façade made of composite aluminum panels will serve you for at least 50 years.
Glass panels - you can easily print or apply any design on them. A ventilated facade made of glass panels is an ideal solution for people with imagination; there is a non-standard creative approach to building design. Their service life is approximately 50 years.
Fiber cement is a durable, fire-resistant and environmentally friendly material. It is made from reinforcing fibers, cement and mineral fillers. Fiber cement is resistant to moisture and rot.
Siding panels. Siding for ventilated facades can be wood, vinyl, metal or simply galvanized. The most popular are vinyl and galvanized metal materials. Panels of such siding are reliable, durable, lightweight, and, importantly, affordable.
Metal cassettes are made from galvanized metal sheets that are coated with polymer. The basis of this material is a cold-rolled sheet coated on both sides with primed zinc, which protects against corrosion. A ventilated curtain façade made of metal cassettes will be appropriate in any climate zone.
The price of installing ventilated facades depends primarily on the cost of the chosen cladding material, and, of course, on the size and height of the building. More accurate prices can be found in the “price” section.
Installation of ventilated facades should be carried out only by qualified specialists. This work is often simply impossible to perform without resorting to the services of industrial climbers. The TeploComfort company has qualified specialists who can install a ventilated curtain facade in the shortest possible time at a reasonable price.
Hinged ventilated facade systems Although this is not a cheap step to improve the exterior of a building and its thermal insulation, the positive effect of the work done will last for a very long time.
Ventilated facades, installation of curtain facade systems
Ventilated facade, installation and insulation of suspended facades made of porcelain stoneware for houses, cottages in Kyiv and the region. Call: 068-991-48-77
INVF system
Ventilated facade– the most popular NVF system in construction. Such a system increases the heat and noise insulation of buildings, also increases aesthetic indicators, and lasts for decades. Every structure can collapse over time; due to temperature changes, cracks form and water gets into them. To protect the building from damage, a special layer is created that protects the structure from all mechanical and natural influences.
Hinged ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware
The variety of technologies today allows you to choose the optimal solution for a specific object. However, when it comes to quality and savings, the best comprehensive solution is a suspended ventilated façade (NVF device). This design includes:
- ✔ Facing. These are tile and sheet building materials that, in addition to aesthetics, also serve as a protective screen.
- ✔ Air gap between thermal insulation and cladding.
- ✔ Thermal insulation to insulate the structure.
- ✔ Sub-cladding frame.
Ventilated facade: installation and advantages
Why is a ventilated façade (VF) needed and what are its advantages? Let’s look at it in more detail:
- ✔ New look for an old building at minimal cost.
- ✔ High performance characteristics (noise insulation, thermal insulation).
- ✔ Practicality. For the original appearance, it is enough to wash the surface.
- ✔ Protection from atmospheric and mechanical damage.
- ✔ The surface layer reflects the sun's rays and protects the building from overheating.
If you evaluate a ventilated façade for a cottage professionally, then it is a complex structure that must be entrusted to be installed by specialists using precise techniques. In order to avoid future repairs and mistakes, it is important to immediately find experienced professionals who will install ventilated facades.
Installation of curtain facades– this is a tangible savings in construction, lightening the building, and the implementation of complex architectural tasks. As a result, all the requirements of modern technologies are met. A ventilated facade, the price of which is optimal from the construction company TM BUD, is a practical solution for diverse structures.
Ventilated façade: functionality and technology
Each building requires a responsible approach and correct calculations. Therefore, in the process of work it is necessary to adhere to a specific plan:
- ✔ Preparatory process. Mandatory marking of hazardous areas where equipment cannot be placed. Preparation of construction equipment.
- ✔ Use of mesh for brackets. Geodetic equipment is used for marking.
- ✔ Installation of brackets. For this purpose, anchors are used that are resistant to oxidation and corrosion.
- ✔ Installation of insulation and membrane with water protection from wind and moisture.
- ✔ Guides are installed, leaving wide gaps so that the insulation does not stick to the facing material. This way, the structure itself will not collapse due to the increase in mass.
- ✔ Installation of panels and frame.
Ventilated façade design process
It is best when the design of ventilated facades is carried out by a company that has extensive experience in this industry. Installation technology, material options and other details are well known to the performers, and therefore the entire work process is carried out quickly and efficiently. The company TM BUD offers a wide range of services for facade design and document preparation, especially ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware. Professionals will be happy to help solve any construction problem, select the appropriate ventilation façade and materials, draw up a plan and draw up documents.
The design is aimed at solving the following problems:
- ✔ Design approval;
- ✔ Quality control;
- ✔ Obtaining the necessary documents and coordination with government agencies and the fire service;
- ✔ Control over the number of elements according to the specification;
What are the advantages of hinged ventilated facade systems?
Firstly, these systems can be installed at any time of the year. There is nothing to dry here, so installation can be carried out in snow and rain.
Secondly, ventilated facades have a wide choice of cladding - from cheap porcelain stoneware to natural stone and composite building materials.
To create a truly high-quality ventilated facade, technology and installation design must take into account the following points:
- 1. Plan of load-bearing walls where the ventilated facade is installed. Construction with communications, general condition of the foundation. Shooting from above, any deviations, testing of structural strength, defects.
- 2. Drawing of the curtain wall, individual design details, texture and color of materials, operating features.
The technology of production and design of curtain facades makes it possible to solve various design and technical problems. Our construction company, which is ready to carry out any construction ideas with the highest quality and efficiency, can easily cope with this task.
Ventilated facades price, design and installation of ventilated facades in Kyiv, Ukraine, TM Bud
Installation and design of ventilated facades Kyiv, Ukraine. Affordable prices for systems of suspended facades (NVF), ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware. ✈ Delivery throughout Kyiv and throughout Ukraine
Installation of a suspended ventilated facade and typical mistakes
Basic design of a suspended ventilated facade
A well-designed curtain ventilated façade will protect the walls for many decades. But often installers, in an effort to reduce the cost of this complex and therefore quite expensive system, replace some materials with others and deliberately violate the rules.
This article will discuss what such false savings can result in and how to avoid mistakes when installing a suspended ventilated façade.
When cladding the building, OLMA ST AL 2 composite panels were used
When cladding the building, OLMA ST AL 1 composite panels were used
Finishing buildings using hinged ventilated facades is becoming increasingly popular, both in private housing construction and in the construction of commercial buildings. This system is a kind of “coat” for the home.
Basalt insulation, protected by a special wind- and moisture-proof membrane, is attached directly to the walls. Facing slabs (this can be porcelain stoneware, natural or agglomerated stone, metal cassettes, cassettes made of composite materials, fiber cement panels, steel or aluminum structures, etc.) are mounted on a supporting frame with some clearance. Its value (in the range from 20 to 40 mm) is determined in each specific case to ensure optimal air exchange.
The thickness of the insulation is selected based on the requirements for thermal protection of buildings. When these conditions are met, the dew point is transferred from the supporting structure to the insulation.
Dew point shift in the absence and presence of external insulation
Advantages and disadvantages of using a suspended ventilated facade
What is the advantage of such a seemingly complex, and therefore expensive, façade finishing system? First of all, this design does not allow condensation to accumulate either on the surface of the wall or inside it. The air gap is a kind of temperature buffer, thanks to which the facades do not freeze in winter and do not overheat in summer, and this helps to significantly reduce heating and air conditioning costs. Snow, rain, hail and other realities of our difficult climate do not violate the integrity of the cladding, which, by the way, cannot be said about the most common finishing material - plaster. A properly installed curtain wall will last more than 50 years.
The system of curtain facades makes it possible to decorate buildings of rather complex shapes. Any design fantasies can be realized in wall-mounted cladding. But some elements are too labor-intensive.
And yet, despite the obvious advantages, ventilated facades have not yet become widespread in suburban construction. Many are put off by the seeming high cost. Yes, 1 m² of such cladding will cost at least 2,000 rubles, and if you use natural stone, the price can reach 6,000 rubles. and even more. But it is important to consider that operation will not cost anything. As practice shows, after 5-10 years the curtained facade completely pays for itself.
Of course, a curtain wall system will only work if it is well designed and installed to a high standard. Theoretically, a ventilated façade system should be included in the house design so that there is time to calculate the load-bearing structure and order facing slabs. But in practice this does not always happen. Often it is necessary to “dress” an already rebuilt building with curtain finishing. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the material of the walls. Support brackets for metal sheathing hold best in concrete and solid brick. Things are a little worse with hollow bricks. But cellular concrete will require the selection of special and, as a rule, expensive fasteners. For finishing walls made of loose, porous materials, it is more advisable to choose a system of “wet” facades (plastering or tiling).
To minimize the work of cutting slabs, when designing a façade system, it is important to accurately calculate the size of the module (cell). It is by no means equal to the size of the panel itself. It is necessary to take into account gaps with a width of 5 to 10 mm (depending on the type of cladding).
We also note that small-sized facing tiles (300 x 300 or 400 x 400 mm) are not economically viable - their installation will require too many fasteners. And such a wall does not look very good - the facade of the house will resemble a checkered page of a school notebook. A tile of 600 x 600 mm is considered optimal, but it is important to consider that this is an average size. The actual spread among different manufacturers is from 595 x 595 to 610 x 610 mm. Having given preference to one or another collection, you should find out its exact parameters.
Design of a suspended ventilated facade
1. Brick wall; 2. Bracket (sheathing fasteners); 3. Thermal insulating gasket; 4. Anchor dowel; 5. Main horizontal profile; 6. Main vertical profile; 7. Vertical intermediate profile; 8. Klyammer private; 9. Starting clamp; 10. Thermal insulation material (insulation); 11. Hydro-windproof vapor-permeable membrane; 12. Thermal insulation fasteners (plastic disc-shaped dowel); 13. Facing tiles; 14. Blind rivet.
Ventilated facade fastening systems
The choice of fasteners requires detailed consideration. As you know, there are two fastening systems - hidden and open.
The first option is metal clamps covering the plate from above and below. The second is anchor bolts that are inserted into blind holes drilled in the slab and open there like the petals of a flower.
Hidden fastening system
Open fastening system
The use of a hidden fastening system is not always justified: for example, in areas of the facade that bear a high aesthetic load. And the point is not only that this fastener costs twice as much as the visible one. If a tile fixed in this way is damaged, the entire vertical row will have to be dismantled for repairs. Replacing a cladding unit installed openly is much easier.
Clamps painted to match the color of the tiles are almost invisible on the facade
Insulation for suspended ventilated facades
The next important issue is the choice of thermal insulation. Only insulation that has a technical certificate from the State Committee for Construction of Russia, which allows its use in ventilated systems, can be placed under the suspended cladding. Mineral wool is considered optimal in all respects. The use of non-profile materials (for example, glass wool) will cause the insulation to become saturated with moisture, become heavier and settle, reducing or even closing the air gap.
To protect the thermal insulation material, only a special vapor barrier membrane can be used
If you try to protect the thermal insulation with polyethylene or foil (that is, materials that do not allow steam to pass through), this will not only not solve the problem, but will also disrupt the operation of the ventilated façade, which, as we know, must “breathe.” The insulation can only be covered with a special one-sided vapor barrier membrane: it will allow moisture released by the walls to pass out, but not allow atmospheric moisture to penetrate inside.
In addition to insulation, thermal breaks - gaskets installed between the brackets and the wall - play an important role in providing thermal protection. They must be made of materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient: polypropylene, polyamide, komatex, etc. The use of gaskets made of paronite is not allowed, since it does not have thermal insulation properties.
Sometimes installers use special seals that are designed to dampen vibrations and keep the cladding from moving laterally. But their use leads to a reduction in the service life of the system, since the seals have a short service life (about 10 years). Reducing vibration and eliminating lateral shift of cladding panels should be ensured by the design of fastening elements.
Installation of ventilated facades
Unfortunately, even the most competent design of a ventilated facade can be nullified by poor-quality installation. The most common mistake is violation of the geometry of the facade. The cladding must be smooth, even if the relief of the walls is far from ideal. In addition, the panels should not move relative to the vertical and horizontal axes.
As paradoxical as it may seem, a very common mistake is to install fasteners directly into the masonry joint of the wall elements.
Installation of a ventilated facade. The surface of the cladding must be perfectly flat, with precise adherence to the thickness of the seams.
Many builders sin by not complying with the standard seam thickness. When installed end-to-end, tiles begin to press on each other due to temperature deformations, crack and fall out. And in the absence of proper ventilation, the insulation gets wet, freezes and slides off the walls. Too large a gap between the facing panels will lead to excessive moisture in the thermal insulation by precipitation.
Particular attention should be paid to the design of window openings
Nowadays there are many types of curtain facades on the Russian market. Unfortunately, many domestic manufacturers follow the simple path, exactly copying foreign systems. Meanwhile, what works great in the mild climate of Germany or France may not withstand our long winters. The thickness of the insulation (and therefore the distance from the cladding to the wall of the building) in Russian weather conditions should be significantly greater than in Europe.
In addition, some companies, in an effort to reduce the cost of the system, often use questionable materials in the design, in particular galvanized steel, which is poorly protected from corrosion. The best metals for lathing ventilation facades are stainless steel and aluminum. But for fastening plates, especially heavy ones, only stainless steel is suitable. Aluminum staples do not have the necessary strength.
Installation of a suspended ventilated facade and typical mistakes
Fundamental design of a hinged ventilated façade A well-designed hinged ventilated façade will protect the walls for many decades
When new buildings are built or old ones are renovated, a curtain ventilated façade is used as one of the types of finishing.
It not only gives the building a neat and attractive appearance, but also improves its performance characteristics.
Its structure is complex, including a frame and cladding products.
Panels made of natural stone, porcelain stoneware, siding, glass, as well as composite materials are used as cladding.
The fastening system for facing panels is assembled from brackets and guide profiles.
Design, calculation of structural reliability and installation of cladding products are carried out individually for each building.
The device for a suspended ventilated facade is a multilayer structure that is attached to the wall of the building.
If we consider the design of a curtain façade, we can highlight the following elements:
- vapor barrier film;
- thermal insulation layer;
- windproof film;
- air gap;
- facing panel.
When calculating the parameters of a curtain wall, it is very important to determine the size of the air gap.
In fact, such a system is designed to ensure that ventilation through this gap will provide an optimal level of humidity for the thermal insulation and porcelain stoneware cladding panels.
Having such a device, during operation the ventilated facade provides additional insulation of the building.
A basic calculation shows that a house lined with porcelain stoneware slabs becomes warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
Facades mounted on the basis of composite panels have an almost unlimited service life.
This feature is explained by the ability of a ventilated façade to self-release internal surfaces from moisture.
Fastening elements, thermal insulation and the building wall are not subject to the destructive effects of saturated water vapor and do not require periodic repair and replacement.
Advantages of a curtain façade
Compared to other finishing methods, a ventilated facade has a number of positive differences.
A careful calculation of current costs and future benefits shows that all expenses, over time, pay off handsomely.
When designing a structure, it is important to clearly understand why it is preferable to use composite finishing instead of traditional materials.
Cladding slabs made using porcelain stoneware have high strength and varied textures.
They do not fade under the influence of sunlight and wind. The technological map determines the method of fastening cladding products, which ensures the integrity of the structure for many years. This must be taken into account when designing.
Products for ventilated facades
In order for a suspended ventilated facade to last a long time during operation, look aesthetically pleasing, be functional and economical, it is necessary to select the right materials.
Design calculations are made on the basis of special methods and recommendations, which are also determined by the technological map. The brackets, which form the basis of the supporting structure, are secured using anchors.
The anchor is a set of nylon dowel and expansion screw. The choice of a specific type of dowel is made based on testing the load-bearing capacity of the wall.
There are special instructions for carrying out such tests. It is prohibited to use screws with electrozinc coating for fastening facades.
Mounting system
Aluminum alloys, stainless and galvanized steel are used in the production of brackets and guide profiles.
These products must have sufficient strength to withstand loads and resistance to exposure to aggressive environments.
To fasten porcelain stoneware panels, in addition to brackets, guide profiles, extensions and clamps are used. This fastening system has been tested in practice.
A set of fasteners must be made of only one material - either all elements are aluminum or steel.
From a physics course we know that when two metals come into contact, an intense corrosion process starts. The simplest calculation shows that the steel part will begin to rust and then lose its properties.
Such phenomena will negatively affect the strength of the façade structure.
Thermal insulation
Properly selected insulation retains heat in the building and, thereby, reduces heating costs.
The thickness of the thermal insulation layer is calculated based on the technical characteristics of the building.
For the production of thermal insulation products, only non-combustible materials are used.
The technological map prescribes fastening the insulation elements with disc dowels.
The most common material for making thermal insulation is mineral wool. It meets the requirements for indicators such as vapor permeability and density.
Glass wool sheets are convenient to use, as they are optimally combined with the technology of installing panels made of porcelain stoneware or other composite materials.
Facing materials
Today on the market of building and finishing materials there is a wide selection of panels that are used in hinged ventilated facades.
In the harsh climate of the middle zone, panels made of composite materials, metal cassettes and fiber cement boards have proven themselves well.
Each product has certain advantages.
Before making a choice in favor of a specific product, it is necessary to carry out a detailed calculation of the balance of its advantages and disadvantages.
It is important that during operation the curtained façade does not require additional maintenance costs.
Installation procedure
Installation of suspended ventilated facades (including those made of composite materials) is carried out in a certain sequence.
Before starting work on site, the contractor is given a technological map. Such a map defines all stages of the production process.
Installation of a curtain façade begins with a survey of the building. The labor safety instructions, when performing work at height, require that the boundaries of the danger zone around the building be established.
To securely fasten the brackets, it is necessary to clean the surface of the walls from old plaster, dust and dirt.
The next action that the technological map instructs to perform is marking the walls.
First, mark the lower horizontal line for attaching the first row of brackets, then the two outermost vertical lines, which will serve as a guide for marking the fastening step.
This step should be equal to the width of the finishing panel made of porcelain stoneware or the material that is being worked.
After that, at the designated points, all brackets are attached, the number of which provides for the design of a specific object.
If the installation of a curtain façade requires thermal insulation, then the next step is to attach it.
The technological map provides for this operation.
Then the vertical guide profiles are fixed and clamps are attached to the vertical guides for installing porcelain stoneware panels.
Our qualified team will assemble the facade system according to the drawings of our own design bureau. We have a powerful production facility for processing natural stone, which is equipped with modern equipment.
We carry out:
Our work on suspended ventilated facades
Installation of suspended ventilated facades
NVF is a multilayer structure consisting of thermal insulation, subsystem elements and façade cladding material. Allows you to keep the load-bearing wall in a dry state, which prevents the accumulation of condensation and moisture, reduces heat loss - the ventilation gap between the facing material and the insulation allows you to retain heat in the house and creates a kind of ventilation.
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PurposeHinged ventilated facades insulate the building and give it an excellent appearance. This system is suitable for any type of premises:
It is the ideal solution if you do not want to repair the facade every few years or want to replace the outdated and damaged appearance of the building. They will help not only improve the appearance, hide defects, but also insulate the building, saving on energy. |
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The advantages of natural stone cladding are undeniable |
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The birth of an idea. Preliminary design
Any work on a ventilation facade begins with an idea with which the customer comes to the company. This could be a drawing, a schematic sketch of a project or a 3D visualization, which at the first stage will help create general ideas about the future project. The feasibility of 3D visualization is obvious. After all, the picture will display ideas about color and style not “on the fingers,” but clearly and from different angles. Here, special attention should be paid to the wishes of the customer, which must also meet general aesthetic ideas. That is why this type of service is very complex and painstaking, which increases the value of the design project.
After agreeing on the visual image of the future object, work on the design project begins. A working group is created, led by the lead architect of the project, consisting of a chief designer, a technologist for the production of stone products, a construction technologist, and an estimator.
A team of qualified specialists studies design and circuit solutions, prepares design documents for a preliminary design in accordance with GOST 2.118-73, which must necessarily include general view drawing with dimensions, sections, technical characteristics of the product, preliminary design sheet And explanatory note taking into account the requirements according to GOST 2.106-96.
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“Working on documents based on a preliminary design is very specific and complex, which only a competent employee can do. Moreover, when it comes to ventilated facades. Our company provides all services comprehensively, which is very convenient and frees the customer from many hassles. From experience, I can say that it is at the preliminary design stage that a client who turns to non-specialized companies, due to ignorance of many subtleties, does not have a complete package of documents for an illegal armed formation that comply with GOST. This often causes considerable additional expenses. “YarKamen, in turn, is ready to build a ventilated facade on a turnkey basis with responsibility for all stages of work on the project,” comments the project manager of the YarKamen company. Artem Noskov. |
And let knowledge become a key requirement in this subsection, because only a professional will take responsibility for working on the working documentation, format it in the required form in accordance with GOST requirements and guarantee that everything is done correctly. Otherwise…
Risks: if a client comes to our company with his project, it will still be reviewed, analyzed, and checked. From experience, in projects that are not carried out by specialized organizations, many mistakes are made. For processing, the customer will overpay approximately 3% and add 10% of working time. Thus, the total cost of the facade will increase both in the total amount and in terms of time.
But that is not all. A working group led by a leading architect is working on the architectural elements of the facade in accordance with the geometric features of the walls. The possibilities of manufacturing façade parts are also taken into account based on the production capabilities of the facility as a whole. An important issue in preparing a preliminary design is the choice of material. This is where the price is essentially determined. Remember that the cheapest and most suitable color does not always provide the necessary durability.
The YarKamen company is ready to recommend the most suitable materials for the external cladding of the building, as well as organize prompt delivery from the best deposits of natural stone, taking into account the technical characteristics of the raw materials and, most importantly, the price issue. An established logistics scheme has allowed us to supply stone for the past 15 years, freeing the client from all customs hassles. Otherwise…
Risks: Organizing the production of stone parts in another contracting organization for the purpose of saving does not guarantee you an objectively affordable cost. But the lack of special knowledge in the field of stone facade cladding and low quality are guaranteed. Everything that the client takes upon himself is his personal responsibility. If unsuccessful, you may incur significant costs. More precisely, the production of new parts with the delivery of stone will cost about 30%. Of course, the percentage ratio was chosen based on the standard simple design of a ventilated facade. But here, too, plus 33% (taking into account the reworking of the project, which was written about above) to the total cost for the customer - a lot of money!
Natural stone is a rather specific material, which is characterized by instability of color, texture and structure. In addition, not every stone is suitable for our climatic conditions. When choosing a material for a facade, you need to take into account its porosity, water absorption, and frost resistance.
The facade, in turn, protects the building from the aggressive environment - rain, snow, sun, wind. The stone used must withstand all these natural phenomena.
It is no secret that precipitation has a detrimental effect on the condition of building materials - as a result of water absorption, destructive processes begin. It is also known that when making products in production, the stone is constantly in water. All moisture that it manages to absorb during the production process using technology must be removed. So, to increase the durability of the material and its subsequent proper operation, some types of stone undergo a process of hydrophobization - a special treatment of the stone to prevent moisture penetration. Hydrophobization of stone extends the life of the material for many years. It is performed using volumetric or surface application of a special impregnation to the surface - a water repellent, which penetrates deep into the structure to a depth of 5-20 mm. A crust forms on the hard base of the stone, repelling water. In this case, the pores are not clogged, the air exchange of the walls is not disturbed.
In particular, travertine and limestone, which are often used in facade decoration, tend to absorb moisture. But before the stone undergoes the hydrophobization process, the material must be thoroughly dried and prepared for subsequent processing. Under natural conditions, the process of moisture evaporation takes a very long time. But we took care of it! YarKamen has developed a special technology for volume drying of stone. The chamber creates ideal conditions for removing moisture and is able to operate at any time of the year, even in the harshest conditions.
Risks: Without special drying, moisture inside the material will lead to premature destruction of stone with low frost resistance. In particular, in winter, if the stone has not undergone additional drying, but has been subjected to a hydrophobization process, prepare for significant repeated costs. Conclusion: trust the professionals. The YarKamen company optimizes the project to ensure maximum durability while maintaining the architectural design. Therefore, when developing a preliminary design, you need to be not only competent in the stone industry, but also objectively assess your capabilities.
The result of numerous works, negotiations, approvals is a finished preliminary design, optimized taking into account the characteristics of the materials used, the design characteristics of the building and walls. When developing a project, the requirements for materials must be drawn up, the main issues of manufacturing technology must be worked out, the optimal options for the product part must be selected in accordance with the requirements of the object, a competent assessment of products must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of ergonomics and technical aesthetics, solutions have been developed to ensure the reliability of the material, as well as A preliminary decision has been made on the packaging and transportation of the stone.
Subsystem selection
An important point is the choice of subsystem and components. YarKamen works with trusted subsystem suppliers. And when helping to select NVF systems, we take into account the architectural features of the facade. The amount and type of these materials may vary depending on the cladding material and the area of the cladding slab.
Risks: There are cases when a customer comes with an already purchased subsystem. And as a result, it is either not enough or it does not fit. Here it should be borne in mind that work on the facade must be thought out to the smallest detail. After all, if the calculation of the subsystem was initially made incorrectly or the architectural features of the facade were not taken into account thoroughly, the probability of encountering unforeseen expenses is 100%.
Think before you get ahead of things... After all, your personal liability risks adding about 10% to the total cost of the project. And this is just a subsystem...
Working draft
So, the most important and scrupulous stage of creating working documentation begins. It includes several sub-steps that are related to each other.
A. Geodetic survey
Based on the architectural design, our team of surveyors conducts an on-site survey of the property. It is this that will form the basis of the future project, which will determine in detail every step of many subsequent works. Carrying out a project using competent geodesy makes it possible to more accurately “link” architectural cladding elements and subsystem elements.
Risks: Coming to a company with geodetic surveys from contractors is a big risk. Since the company is not responsible for the quality of the information provided, which will form the basis for detailing the object. If you make mistakes in the early stages, you may encounter unexpected serious problems in all further work: from design to installation. And when you are happy that the work on the production of the project seems to have begun successfully, we will prepare a conclusion on the consequences of incorrect measurements and draw up an estimate for repeated types of work. Superfluous, isn't it?
B. Design project
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Next comes the development of fundamental fastening units for the subsystem, production of installation diagrams and detail drawings for cutting cladding elements, taking into account the specifics of fastening, dimensions and position of the slabs on the facade... All this will form the basis for a consolidated specification of system and additional components, indicating articles, sizes, quantities and colors stone The project developed by the YarKamnya design bureau will also become the foundation for creating parts from the selected material in production.
Risks: Mistakes made in the project will certainly lead to serious discrepancies when installing the stone on site. And this is a whole series of additional expenses, the responsibility for which, as well as for errors, is borne by the customer himself. In the case of parallel work between a designer from one company and an architect from another, an active issue of communication arises. When errors are identified, it is very easy to find the culprit. You can also determine who is slowing down the project. But are you interested in increasing the project completion time?!
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“We faced different situations. But when we receive drawings from a customer made by a contractor, we revise them in any case. And, as it turns out, not in vain. In all cases, we find inaccuracies, gross errors and try to convey to the customer the idea that there is no need to run to different authorities for the project, this does not lead to anything good. Along with errors in the working documentation, the customer brings with him hundreds of communication issues that we have to deal with with contractors. This is a big disadvantage than the long-developed scheme in your team. A suspended ventilated façade is a complex system. And when signing another project for work, I personally feel responsible for every pebble that will hang on the wall and that it must hang correctly, otherwise it’s scary to imagine... Therefore, trust your idea exclusively to experienced specialists!” - emphasizes the leading designer of the YarKamen company Yulia Vakulenko. |
Stone detailing
In parallel with the preparation of working documentation, YarKamny designers are developing stone detailing. In what sizes it will be made and how the products will be produced is determined by the documentation on detailing the natural stone, taking into account the wishes of the customer and the individual characteristics of the material.
Production of facade elements
Next, the supply of the selected stone begins, followed by the production of facade elements according to the developed working documentation. At the YarKamen company, manufacturing work is carried out at our own powerful complex, which we continue to be proud of. This speeds up the process of completing an object and allows the customer to track the production process at any stage. Parts are manufactured according to approved sketches and on time.
Risks: If mistakes were made in the project at the early stages or you ordered a stone from another contractor, then you are responsible for the size, fit of parts, as well as the quality of their calibration. The amount of your personal responsibility for the result of the work may be equal to an additional 30% for the re-production of facade parts.
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Fastening the subsystem to the façade
After detailing the stone, installation of the subsystem on the facade begins according to the working documentation. This stage follows and is interconnected with the previous one.
Risks: The most common mistake among clients is to independently purchase a subsystem from a company to which it is important to sell without specifying the following professional details: the capabilities of the subsystem by weight category (selected individually for each stone).
Facade installation
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Having completed many phased works, the YarKamen company begins installation of products on site. Many years of experience and scrupulousness at each stage of the project will result in a high-quality curtain wall that meets all the wishes and ideas of the customer, as well as GOST requirements, taking into account quality and safety.
Risks: Obviously, by resorting to an independent search for contractors to create working documentation, supply stone, and manufacture parts, the customer runs the risk of encountering discrepancies at the end when joining parts on site. And such deviations in the project are fraught with very serious proceedings - one, additional costs - two. It’s easier to create a new project, but the only correct solution is to work with a competent company from the beginning, which YarKamen has been with for more than 15 years.
And there are many such stories. Having received the final figure for the turnkey project, the customer decides to save money and entrusts each stage to completely different contractors. As a result, the result leaves much to be desired.
We talked about the typical mistakes of customers who think that they can save money if they independently begin to implement the project of a suspended ventilated facade. Among them are an incorrectly prepared preliminary design, gross errors in drawings, violation of delivery deadlines for materials, and non-compliance with production technologies. All this and much more will result from creating a low-quality facade. It will also have a significant impact on the budget. The additional costs that the client risks incurring in the process of work will, of course, negatively affect his overall moral and financial condition.
We bring to your attention a summary table of costs, which depend on the stage at which you decide to involve specialists.
| "Full construction" | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 | Deadlines | |
| Project | 5% | 3% | 3% | 3% | 3% | 10% |
| Stone details | 60% | 0% | 30% | 30% | 30% | 30% |
| Subsystem | > 20% | 0% | 0% | 10% | 10% | 10% |
| Installation | 15% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 25% | 60% |
| Total | 100% | 0% | +33% | +43% | +68% | 100% |
| Taking into account overpayments: | 103% | 133% | 143% | 168% |
The table shows what percentage of the total amount increases sharply if you do not initially contact a non-specialized company.
With this material we emphasize that only experience and extensive practice will help create a high-quality facade taking into account the requirements of GOST, safety and ergonomics. The YarKamen company offers a comprehensive solution for creating the external appearance of an object and thereby saving the customer from unnecessary costs of money and time. We have many years of successful experience with illegal armed groups projects of any complexity. Understanding all the intricacies of such a specific process of producing parts and technologies, YarKamen is ready to take responsibility for all stages of the project and guarantee high quality, optimal competitive prices and strictly regulated deadlines.
Practice shows that the most economical solution when constructing a suspended ventilated facade is a turnkey project, completed in our company by a staff of competent employees according to a long-established scheme. This will save you from errors in documents, numerous questions and negotiations, and will also plan your time more productively.
Remember that personal liability can come with significant additional costs. Why pay more if there is an option to turn an idea into reality with YarKamne in an optimally profitable manner?!