An individual heating point is designed to save heat and regulate supply parameters. This is a complex located in a separate room. Can be used privately or apartment building. ITP (individual heating point), what it is, how it works and functions, let’s take a closer look.
ITP: tasks, functions, purpose
By definition, an IHP is a heating point that heats buildings completely or partially. The complex receives energy from the network (central heating station, central heating point or boiler room) and distributes it to consumers:
- DHW (hot water supply);
- heating;
- ventilation.
At the same time, it is possible to regulate, since the heating mode in the living room, basement, and warehouse is different. The ITP is assigned the following main tasks.
- Heat consumption accounting.
- Protection against accidents, control of parameters for safety.
- Disabling the consumption system.
- Even heat distribution.
- Adjustment of characteristics, control of temperature and other parameters.
- Coolant conversion.
To install ITP, buildings are modernized, which is not cheap, but brings benefits. The item is located in a separate technical or basement, an extension to the house or a separate building located nearby.
Benefits of having an ITP
Significant costs for the creation of an ITP are allowed in connection with the benefits that follow from the presence of a point in the building.
- Cost-effective (in terms of consumption - by 30%).
- Reduce operating costs by up to 60%.
- Heat consumption is controlled and taken into account.
- Optimization of modes reduces losses by up to 15%. The time of day, weekends, and weather are taken into account.
- Heat is distributed according to consumption conditions.
- Consumption can be adjusted.
- The type of coolant is subject to change if necessary.
- Low accident rate, high security operation.
- Full automation of the process.
- Silence.
- Compactness, dependence of dimensions on load. The item can be placed in the basement.
- Maintenance of heating points does not require numerous personnel.
- Provides comfort.
- The equipment is completed to order.
Controlled heat consumption and the ability to influence performance are attractive in terms of savings and rational resource consumption. Therefore, it is believed that the costs are recouped within an acceptable period. 
Types of TP
The difference between TPs is in the number and types of consumption systems. Features of the type of consumer predetermine the design and characteristics of the required equipment. The method of installation and placement of the complex in the room differs. The following types are distinguished.
- ITP for a single building or part thereof, located in the basement, technical room or a nearby building.
- Central heating center - the central heating center serves a group of buildings or objects. Located in one of the basements or a separate building.
- BTP - block heating point. Includes one or more units manufactured and supplied in a factory. It features compact installation and is used to save space. Can perform the function of ITP or TsTP.
Operating principle
The design scheme depends on the energy source and specific consumption. The most popular is independent, for closed DHW systems. The operating principle of ITP is as follows.
- The heat carrier arrives at the point through a pipeline, giving the temperature to the heating, hot water and ventilation heaters.
- The coolant goes to return pipeline to a heat generating enterprise. Reusable, but some may be used by the consumer.
- Heat losses are replenished by make-up available in thermal power plants and boiler houses (water treatment).
- IN thermal installation arrives tap water, passing through the cold water pump. Part of it goes to the consumer, the rest is heated by the 1st stage heater, sent to the DHW circuit.
- The DHW pump moves water in a circle, passing through the consumer's TP, and returns with partial flow.
- The 2nd stage heater operates regularly when the liquid loses heat.
Coolant (in in this case- water) moves along the circuit, which is facilitated by 2 circulation pumps. Its leaks are possible, which are replenished by replenishment from the primary heating network.
Schematic diagram
This or that ITP scheme has features that depend on the consumer. A central heat supplier is important. The most common option is closed system DHW with independent accession heating. A heat carrier enters the TP through a pipeline, is sold when heating water for the systems, and is returned. For return there is a return pipeline going to the main line at central point— heat generation enterprise.
Heating and hot water supply are arranged in the form of circuits through which the coolant moves with the help of pumps. The first is usually designed as a closed cycle with possible leaks replenished from the primary network. And the second circuit is circular, equipped with pumps for hot water supply, supplying water to the consumer for consumption. When heat is lost, heating is carried out by the second heating stage.
ITP for different consumption purposes
Being equipped for heating, the IHP has an independent circuit in which it is installed plate heat exchanger with 100% load. Pressure loss is prevented by installing a double pump. Make-up is carried out from the return pipeline in the heating networks. Additionally, the TP is equipped with metering devices, a DHW unit if other necessary components are available. 
ITP intended for hot water supply is independent circuit. In addition, it is parallel and single-stage, equipped with two plate heat exchangers loaded at 50%. There are pumps that compensate for the decrease in pressure, and metering devices. The presence of other nodes is assumed. Such heat points operate according to an independent scheme.
This is interesting! The principle of district heating for a heating system can be based on a plate heat exchanger with 100% load. And the DHW has a two-stage circuit with two similar devices, each loaded by 1/2. Pumps for various purposes compensate for the decreasing pressure and recharge the system from the pipeline.
For ventilation, a plate heat exchanger with 100% load is used. DHW is provided to two such devices loaded at 50%. Through the operation of several pumps, the pressure level is compensated and replenishment is provided. Addition - accounting device.
Installation steps
During installation, the TP of a building or facility undergoes a step-by-step procedure. Only one desire of the residents in apartment building not enough.
- Obtaining consent from the owners of premises in a residential building.
- Application to heat supply companies for design in a specific house, development of technical specifications.
- Issuance of technical specifications.
- Inspection of a residential or other facility for the project, determining the presence and condition of equipment.
- The automatic TP will be designed, developed and approved.
- An agreement is concluded.
- The ITP project for a residential building or other facility is being implemented and tests are being carried out.
Attention! All stages can be completed in a couple of months. The responsibility is entrusted to the responsible specialized organization. To be successful, a company must be well established.
Operational safety
The automatic heating point is serviced by properly qualified workers. The staff is introduced to the rules. There are also prohibitions: the automation does not start if there is no water in the system, the pumps are not turned on if the input is closed shut-off valves.
Requires control:
- pressure parameters;
- noises;
- vibration level;
- engine heating.
The control valve must not be subjected to excessive force. If the system is under pressure, the regulators are not disassembled. Before starting, the pipelines are flushed.
Permission to operate
The operation of AITP complexes (automated ITP) requires obtaining permission, for which documentation is provided to Energonadzor. These are technical connection conditions and a certificate of their implementation. Needed:
- agreed upon design documentation;
- act of responsibility for operation, balance of ownership from the parties;
- act of readiness;
- heating points must have a passport with heat supply parameters;
- readiness of the thermal energy metering device - document;
- certificate of existence of an agreement with the energy company for the provision of heat supply;
- work acceptance certificate from the installation company;
- An order appointing someone responsible for the maintenance, serviceability, repair and safety of the ATP (automated heating point);
- list of persons responsible for maintenance of AITP installations and their repair;
- a copy of the welder’s qualification document, certificates for electrodes and pipes;
- acts on other actions, as-built diagram of an automated heating point facility, including pipelines, fittings;
- certificate for pressure testing, flushing of heating, hot water supply, which includes an automated point;
- briefing
An admission certificate is drawn up, logs are kept: operational, on instructions, issuance of work orders, detection of defects.
ITP of an apartment building
An automated individual heating point in a multi-storey residential building transports heat from central heating stations, boiler houses or combined heat and power plants (CHP) to heating, hot water supply and ventilation. Such innovations (automatic heating point) save up to 40% or more of thermal energy.
Attention! The system uses the source − heating networks to which it connects. The need for coordination with these organizations.
A lot of data is required to calculate modes, loads and savings results for payments in housing and communal services. Without this information, the project will not be completed. Without approval, the ITP will not issue permission to operate. Residents receive the following benefits.
- Greater accuracy of temperature maintenance devices.
- Heating is carried out with a calculation that includes the state of the outside air.
- The amounts for services on housing and communal services bills are being reduced.
- Automation simplifies facility maintenance.
- Reduced repair costs and personnel numbers.
- Finances are saved on the consumption of thermal energy from a centralized supplier (boiler houses, combined heat and power plants, central heating stations).
Bottom line: how the savings happen
The heating point of the heating system is equipped with a metering unit upon commissioning, which is a guarantee of savings. Heat consumption readings are taken from the devices. Accounting itself does not reduce costs. The source of savings is the possibility of changing modes and the absence of overestimation of indicators on the part of energy supply companies, their exact definition. It will be impossible to attribute additional costs, leakages, and expenses to such a consumer. Payback occurs within 5 months, as an average, with savings of up to 30%.
The supply of coolant from a centralized supplier - the heating main - is automated. Installation of a modern heating and ventilation unit allows you to take into account seasonal and daily temperature changes during operation. Correction mode is automatic. Heat consumption is reduced by 30% with a payback period of 2 to 5 years.
Hello! A heating point is a control unit for heat supply systems. It provides functions such as heat consumption metering and coolant distribution across individual systems heating, hot water supply and ventilation. From this point of view, heating points are divided into individual heating points (ITP) and central heating points (CHS). ITP serves individual buildings, or part of a building, if the thermal load on the building is high. I wrote about the ITP device. The central heating point (CHS) serves a group of buildings. Central heating centers are often located in a separate building. Thermal load residential buildings and social and cultural buildings connected from central heating stations is, as a rule, from 2-3 Gcal/hour and higher.
Thermal energy metering devices and control devices (pressure gauges, thermometers) are installed in the building of the central heating point. There are also water heaters and circulation and booster heating pumps. Very often, cold water supply networks are laid in central heating stations as a heating satellite, and cold water pumps are located.
The main indicators for the operation of the central heating point are:
1. Hot water supply temperature
2. Temperature t1 of heating water
3. Pressure in buildings during internal systems ah heating and hot water supply
4. Ensuring return network water temperature t2 within the approved temperature schedule for heat supply (control of overheating by t2)
5. Providing normal operation regulators of pressure, flow, temperature in the central heating substation.
Central heating points impose a number of requirements on heat sources (boiler houses and combined heat and power plants), namely:
a) Ensuring the temperature in the supply pipeline t1 according to the approved temperature schedule for heat release.
b) Ensuring the required calculated water consumption for heating and hot water supply in accordance with the agreed operating modes of heating networks.
The central heating unit serves as an important control, regulation and control unit for the internal heat supply systems of buildings connected to it. I already wrote above that from proper operation The central heating station depends on providing the required temperature interior spaces. Also, the temperature of the hot water supply depends on the normal operation of the central heating station, and the return of return network water to the heat source with a temperature t2 no higher than temperature chart heat supply.
The main tasks of setting up a central heating point (CHS) are:
1. Setting up temperature controllers
2. Setting up flow regulators
3. Checking the performance and normal operation of water heaters
4. Adjustment and control of the circulation and booster pumps
In conclusion, we can say that CTP is essential element diagrams of heating networks, nodal point for connecting heat and water supply systems of buildings to distribution networks heat supply and often water supply and control of heating, ventilation, cold and hot water supply systems of buildings.
*information is posted for informational purposes; to thank us, share the link to the page with your friends. You can send material interesting to our readers. We will be happy to answer all your questions and suggestions, as well as hear criticism and suggestions at [email protected]Homeowners know what share of utility bills is the cost of providing heat. Heating, hot water- something on which a comfortable existence depends, especially in the cold season. However, not everyone knows that these costs can be significantly reduced, for which it is necessary to switch to the use of individual heating points (IHP).
Disadvantages of central heating
The traditional central heating scheme works like this: from the central boiler house, the coolant flows through the mains to the centralized heating station, where it is distributed through intra-block pipelines to consumers (buildings and houses). The temperature and pressure of the coolant are controlled centrally, in the central boiler room, with uniform values for all buildings.
In this case, heat losses are possible along the route when the same amount of coolant is transferred to buildings located at different distances from the boiler room. In addition, the architecture of a microdistrict usually consists of buildings of various heights and designs. Therefore, the same parameters of the coolant at the outlet of the boiler room do not mean the same input parameters of the coolant in each building.
The use of ITP became possible due to a change in the heat supply regulation scheme. The ITP principle is based on the fact that heat regulation is carried out directly at the coolant inlet into the building, exclusively and individually for it. For this heating equipment located in an automated individual heating station - in the basement of a building, on the first floor or in a separate building.
Operating principle of ITP
An individual heating point is a set of equipment with the help of which the accounting and distribution of thermal energy and coolant in the heating system of a specific consumer (building) is carried out. The ITP is connected to the distribution mains of the city heat and water supply network.
The operation of the ITP is based on the principle of autonomy: depending on the outside temperature, the equipment changes the temperature of the coolant in accordance with the calculated values and supplies it to the heating system Houses. The consumer no longer depends on the length of highways and intra-block pipelines. But heat retention is entirely up to the consumer and depends on the technical condition of the building and heat conservation methods.
Individual heating points have the following advantages:
- regardless of the length of the heating mains, it is possible to ensure the same heating parameters for all consumers,
- the ability to provide an individual operating mode (for example, for medical institutions),
- There is no problem of heat loss on the heating main; instead, heat loss depends on the homeowner ensuring the insulation of the house.
The ITP includes hot and cold water supply systems, as well as heating and ventilation systems. Structurally, ITP is a complex of devices: collectors, pipelines, pumps, various heat exchangers, regulators and sensors. This complex system, requiring configuration, mandatory prevention and maintenance, while technical condition ITP directly affects heat consumption. At the ITP, coolant parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow are controlled. These parameters can be controlled by the dispatcher, in addition, the data is transmitted to the heating network dispatch service for recording and monitoring.
In addition to direct heat distribution, ITP helps to take into account and optimize consumption costs. Comfortable conditions with economical consumption of energy resources - this is the main advantage of using ITP.
A heating point, or abbreviated as TP, is a set of equipment located in a separate room that provides heating and hot water supply to a building or group of buildings. The main difference between a heating substation and a boiler room is that in the boiler room the coolant is heated due to fuel combustion, and the heating point works with heated coolant coming from a centralized system. Heating of the coolant for transformer substations is carried out by heat generating enterprises - industrial boiler houses and thermal power plants. Central heating station is a heating point serving a group of buildings, for example, microdistrict, urban settlement, industrial enterprise, etc. The need for a central heating point is determined individually for each region based on technical and economic calculations; as a rule, one central heating point is built for a group of objects with a heat consumption of 12-35 MW
The central heating unit, depending on its purpose, consists of 5-8 blocks. The coolant is superheated water up to 150°C. Central heating stations, consisting of 5-7 blocks, are designed for heat loads from 1.5 to 11.5 Gcal/h. The blocks are manufactured according to standard albums developed by Mosproekt-1 JSC issues from 1 (1982) to 14 (1999) “Central heating points of heat supply systems”, “Factory-made blocks”, “Factory-made engineering equipment blocks for individual and central heating points", as well as individual projects. Depending on the type and number of heaters, the diameter of pipelines, piping and shut-off and control valves, the blocks have different weights and overall dimensions.
For a better understanding of the functions and principles of operation of the central heating station Let's give a brief description of heating networks. Heating networks consist of pipelines and provide transportation of coolant. They are primary, connecting heat generating enterprises with heating points, and secondary, connecting central heating stations with end consumers. From this definition we can conclude that central heating stations are an intermediary between primary and secondary heating networks or heat generating enterprises and end consumers. Next, we describe in detail the main functions of the central heating center.
4.2.2 Problems solved by heating points
Let us describe in more detail the tasks solved by central heating points:
transformation of the coolant, for example, turning steam into superheated water
change various coolant parameters, such as pressure, temperature, etc.
coolant flow control
distribution of coolant across heating and hot water supply systems
water treatment for hot water supply
protection of secondary heating networks from increasing coolant parameters
ensuring heating or hot water supply is turned off if necessary
control of coolant flow and other system parameters, automation and control
4.2.3 Construction of heating points
Below is a schematic diagram of a heating point
The TP scheme depends, on the one hand, on the characteristics of the thermal energy consumers served by the heating point, and on the other hand, on the characteristics of the source supplying the TP with thermal energy. Further, as the most common, we consider a TP with a closed hot water supply system and an independent connection circuit for the heating system.
The coolant entering the TP through the thermal input supply pipeline gives off its heat in the heaters of hot water supply (DHW) and heating systems, and also enters the consumer ventilation system, after which it returns to the return pipeline of the thermal input and is sent back to the heat generating enterprise through the main networks. For reuse. Some of the coolant may be consumed by the consumer. To replenish losses in primary heating networks at boiler houses and thermal power plants, there are make-up systems, the sources of coolant for which are the water treatment systems of these enterprises.
Tap water entering the TP passes through the cold water pumps, after which part of the cold water is sent to consumers, and the other part is heated in the first stage DHW heater and enters the circulation circuit of the DHW system. In the circulation circuit, water, with the help of hot water supply circulation pumps, moves in a circle from the heating substation to the consumers and back, and consumers take water from the circuit as needed. As water circulates through the circuit, it gradually releases its heat and in order to maintain the water temperature at a given level, it is constantly heated in the second stage DHW heater.
The heating system also represents a closed loop through which the coolant moves with the help of heating circulation pumps from the heating substations to the building heating system and back. During operation, coolant leaks may occur from the heating system circuit. To make up for losses, a heating point recharge system is used, using primary heating networks as a source of coolant.
The heating point is called a structure that serves to connect local heat consumption systems to heating networks. Heating points are divided into central (CHP) and individual (ITP). Central heating substations are used to supply heat to two or more buildings, and ITPs are used to supply heat to one building. If there is a central heating station in each separate building It is mandatory to install an ITP that performs only those functions that are not provided for in the central heating system and are necessary for the heat consumption system of a given building. If you have your own heat source (boiler room), the heating point is usually located in the boiler room.
Heating points house equipment, pipelines, fittings, monitoring, control and automation devices, through which the following is carried out:
Conversion of coolant parameters, for example, to reduce the temperature of network water in the design mode from 150 to 95 0 C;
Control of coolant parameters (temperature and pressure);
Regulation of coolant flow and its distribution among heat consumption systems;
Disabling heat consumption systems;
Protection of local systems from emergency increases in coolant parameters (pressure and temperature);
Filling and recharging heat consumption systems;
Accounting for heat flows and coolant costs, etc.
In Fig. 8 is given one of the possible circuit diagrams individual heating point with an elevator for heating the building. The heating system is connected through the elevator if it is necessary to reduce the water temperature for the heating system, for example, from 150 to 95 0 C (in design mode). In this case, the available pressure in front of the elevator, sufficient for its operation, must be at least 12-20 m of water. Art., and the pressure loss does not exceed 1.5 m of water. Art. As a rule, one system or several small systems with similar hydraulic characteristics and with a total load of no more than 0.3 Gcal/h are connected to one elevator. For large required pressures and heat consumption, mixing pumps are used, which are also used for automatic regulation operation of the heat consumption system.
ITP connection to the heating network is carried out by valve 1. The water is cleared of suspended particles in the sump 2 and enters the elevator. Water from the elevator design temperature 95 0 C is sent to the heating system 5. Cooled in heating devices water returns to the ITP with a design temperature of 70 0 C. Part return water is used in the elevator, and the rest of the water is purified in the mud tank 2 and enters the return pipeline of the heating network.
Constant flow hot network water provides automatic regulator RR consumption. The PP regulator receives an impulse for regulation from pressure sensors installed on the supply and return pipelines of the ITP, i.e. it reacts to the pressure difference (pressure) of water in the specified pipelines. Water pressure may change due to an increase or decrease in water pressure in the heating network, which is usually associated with open networks c change in water consumption for domestic hot water needs.
For example, if the water pressure increases, then the water flow in the system increases. To avoid overheating of the air in the rooms, the regulator will reduce its flow area, thereby restoring the previous water flow.
The constant water pressure in the return pipeline of the heating system is automatically ensured by the pressure regulator RD. A drop in pressure may be due to water leaks in the system. In this case, the regulator will reduce the flow area, the water flow will decrease by the amount of the leak, and the pressure will be restored.
Water (heat) consumption is measured by a water meter (heat meter) 7. Water pressure and temperature are controlled, respectively, by pressure gauges and thermometers. Valves 1, 4, 6 and 8 are used to turn the substation and heating system on or off.
Depending on the hydraulic features of the heating network and the local heating system, the following can also be installed at the heating point:
A booster pump on the return pipeline of the IHP, if the available pressure in the heating network is insufficient to overcome hydraulic resistance pipelines, ITP equipment and heat consumption systems. If the pressure in the return pipeline is lower than the static pressure in these systems, then the booster pump is installed on the ITP supply pipeline;
A booster pump on the ITP supply pipeline, if the network water pressure is insufficient to prevent water from boiling at the upper points of heat consumption systems;
Shut-off valve on the inlet supply line and booster pump with safety valve on the return pipeline at the outlet, if the pressure in the return pipeline of the ITP may exceed the permissible pressure for the heat consumption system;
Shut-off valve on the supply pipeline at the inlet to the ITP, as well as safety and check valve s on the return pipeline at the exit from the ITP, if static pressure in the heating network exceeds the permissible pressure for the heat consumption system, etc.
Figure 8. Diagram of an individual heating point with an elevator for heating a building:
1, 4, 6, 8 - valves; T - thermometers; M - pressure gauges; 2 - mud trap; 3 - elevator; 5 - radiators of the heating system; 7 - water meter (heat meter); PP - flow regulator; RD - pressure regulator
As shown in Fig. 5 and 6, DHW systems are connected in the ITP to the supply and return pipelines through water heaters or directly through a mixing temperature regulator of the TRZh type.
With direct water tapping, water is supplied to the TRW from the supply or from the return or from both pipelines together, depending on the temperature of the return water (Fig. 9). For example, in the summer, when the network water is 70 0 C and the heating is turned off, only water from the supply pipeline enters the DHW system. The check valve is used to prevent water from flowing from the supply pipeline to the return pipeline in the absence of water intake.
Rice. 9. Diagram of the connection point for the hot water supply system for direct water supply:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - valves; 7 - check valve; 8 - mixing temperature regulator; 9 - water mixture temperature sensor; 15 - water taps; 18 - mud trap; 19 - water meter; 20 - air vent; Ш - fitting; T - thermometer; RD - pressure (pressure) regulator
Rice. 10. Two-stage scheme serial connection of DHW water heaters:
1,2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 - valves; 8 - check valve; 16 - circulation pump; 17 - device for selecting a pressure pulse; 18 - mud trap; 19 - water meter; 20 - air vent; T - thermometer; M - pressure gauge; RT - temperature controller with sensor
For residential and public buildings The scheme of two-stage sequential connection of DHW water heaters is also widely used (Fig. 10). In this scheme, tap water is first heated in the first stage heater, and then in the second stage heater. In this case, tap water passes through the heater tubes. In the first stage heater, tap water is heated by return network water, which, after cooling, goes into the return pipeline. In the second stage heater, tap water is heated by hot network water from the supply pipeline. Cooled network water enters the heating system. IN summer period this water is supplied to the return pipeline through a jumper (to the bypass of the heating system).
The flow of hot network water to the second stage heater is controlled by a temperature controller (thermal relay valve) depending on the water temperature behind the second stage heater.