Not so long ago, people used a simple device - a steel spring - to close the door automatically. But this device has long outlived its usefulness. No one is attracted by doors that rattle and shake the entire house. In order for the door to close softly and silently, a door closer was invented - a device that allows you to regulate its automatic closing.
The growing popularity of door closers is due to the following positive qualities:
- protection from external noise and negative impact environment;
- energy savings due to thermal insulation and absence of drafts;
- safety of use.
The device of the closer and the principle of its operation
The closer consists of a lever rod and a housing with a mechanism responsible for the correct closing of the door. The mechanism consists of a powerful spring, which is compressed under the action of a piston. The steel spring is located in a special capsule filled with oil and after compression it slowly returns to its original position, thanks to hydraulic channels through which oil flows into the working container. The door closer is adjusted using special screws located at the end of the housing. When they rotate, the cross-section of the hydraulic channels changes and, depending on the speed at which the oil flows, the speed of closing the door depends. More advanced models of door closers are equipped with a special valve that allows you to hold the door movement from 70 degrees until it closes, providing smooth pressing or slamming in the last 7-15 degrees. The swat is necessary to overcome the force door latches and seals, as well as the air resistance that occurs when the door is closed.
Choosing a door closer
The main parameter by which a door closer is selected is its power. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the size and weight of the door so that the door closer installed on them can work correctly. Accordingly, the more massive and heavier the door, the more power is needed to close it. In some cases, even two closers are used, allowing the use less strength to close the door.
Door closers are divided into 3 types according to installation method:
- upper;
- lower (floor);
- hidden (frame).
The most common because of its simplicity is the first method - installing a door closer at the top of the door. Such door closers can be installed on almost any door.
The efforts developed by closers are standardized European standards. The higher the class according to the EN1154 standard, the greater the power this device. For example, a closer for a massive armored door will require the highest class EN7, and for lighter door models you can install closers with a lower class. For normal input and internal doors, as a rule, closers of class 3-5 are used.
But it should be noted that when choosing a door closer you need to focus on greatest parameters doors or external factors. So, if the front door is exposed to side winds, has a height of more than 2.5 m and non-standard sizes, then you should choose a door closer of a higher class. If the dimensions and weight of the door correspond to two different classes door closers, then you should also choose top class for a margin of safety, and therefore durability.
You cannot approach the choice of a closer only with the expectation that the more powerful it is, the better and longer it will work. This is an incorrect judgment. For example, a powerful door closer installed on plastic door will create additional load on the door hinges, causing their premature wear and failure. In addition, such doors will be extremely difficult to open, which will create additional inconvenience. It is equally important when choosing a door closer to pay attention to its frost resistance. There are models that can work correctly at extreme temperatures, dropping to -45 degrees or rising to +70 degrees.
Installing a door closer
In the box with the closer you can find:
The closer itself;
Adjustable linkage;
Fastening hardware;
Installation diagram.
The door closer can be installed as follows: door leaf, and on the box. Also, depending on the purpose of the doors, there are two types of door closer installation - internal and external. As a rule, the most common method of installing door closers for external doors is internal installation, with the closer secured in doorway. This is due to the fact that not all devices are designed to work in winter.
Most manufacturers equip door closers with an installation diagram in life size. It is very comfortable. In this case, installing the closer metal door will run without errors. It is necessary to tape the diagram to the door, make the necessary markings and drill holes of the required diameter in the indicated places. Then we fix the body, guided by the same wiring diagram, paying attention to installation features. For example, dorma door closers are installed in such a way that the adjusting screws are positioned to the side door hinges.
After securing the closer mechanism, it is necessary to proceed with the installation of the lever rod. It consists of two halves connected by thread. The length of the lever can be adjusted in length. Thanks to this, the door opening angle is set to 90 degrees. If the marking and installation of the closer was carried out in accordance with the installation diagram, then everything should work the first time.
Setting up the door closer
To properly adjust the operation of the closer, you should understand the adjusting screws located in the mechanism body. If dorma door closers are adjusted from the end of the body, then geze door closers have adjusting screws under the decorative cover. As a rule, they are marked on the body with numbers 1 and 2. The first screw changes the opening angle of the door, which can be 180 degrees, and the second - the speed of its closing.
First, the opening angle of the door leaf is adjusted. To do this, use the screw to set the required value of 90 or 180 degrees, and then begin to change the acceleration of the closing door with screw 2. After opening the door to the working angle, it is released and by rotating screw 2, the door moves smoothly in the last 7-15 degrees and securely closes. When making adjustments, you should not be very diligent; after turning the screw a quarter turn, the door will close with a noticeable slowdown.
Correct setting of the door closer with timely and periodic adjustment allows you to operate it long time. But often careless residents of the entrance prop up the entrance doors to ventilate or remove things. This creates additional stress on the seals and piston, leading to oil being squeezed out of the housing. As a result of such actions, the internal mechanism may fail, and repairing the door closer will not be able to return it to its original operating condition. There is only one way out of the situation - buy a new door closer.
Cost of door closers
A huge variety of closers on the door accessories market allows you to choose for each individual door perfect option. Leading manufacturers offer door closers, the price of which can have a wide range: from economy class mechanisms with EN1-EN2 to powerful and reliable EN7 class closers, allowing you to handle any door.
The most popular manufacturers of door closers are Russian and foreign companies. They have proven themselves excellent in different conditions closers Russian companies"Expostroymash Plus", "NORA-M" and "Nikiret". Thanks to domestic developments, the cost of such door closers is quite acceptable, and the quality is not inferior to foreign analogues. But foreign manufacturers can also offer our customers no less worthy door closer models. The names of companies and manufacturing countries that have long become known throughout the world due to their excellent quality and excellent design:
- Germany - Dorma, GEZE, Boda (they offer customers door closers with a sliding rod, this allows you to hide the “ugly” knee of the traction lever);
- Italy - Cisa, Cobra, O&O ( Italian manufacturers produce door closers for open mounting and high quality flooring);
- Korea - KDC (for the manufacture of closers from this company, German components and anti-corrosion materials are used, guaranteeing long term operation);
- Taiwan - Oubao (the line of light door closers has gained popularity among many buyers; these are light, durable and inexpensive models);
- Finland - Abloy (most convenient system regulation of the door closer, thanks to independent valves that are responsible for the smooth movement of the door and closing);
- Serbia - Diplomat (two-speed models are especially popular).
All door closers presented by famous trademarks, are in different price ranges, depending on their functions and purpose. You can buy an expensive brand door closer with the maximum set of bells and whistles, or you can buy a good domestic analogue, but relatively cheaper.
Choose a high-quality closer, install it correctly and your door will always open easily towards you!
Currently, many companies produce accessories, and therefore you can find a large assortment on sale. various devices allowing the doors to be closed and held in this position for the required time. A famous example the closer is a spring made of steel or rubber, which were used before the advent of modern devices. The main purpose of door closers is to close doors and keep them closed.
Kinds
Today door closer designs are more complex systems and allow the doors to be closed without noise or impact, which is important for structures that have glass inserts. And also some models can open doors at a certain angle and hold them in this position for the right time.
When choosing these devices, it is necessary to take into account the design of the products.
Invoices
They are the most common and are used for interior partitions. They are installed by attaching them to the door leaf and are often used in public buildings or offices where many people pass through the doors. The main purpose is to close the doors and hold them in that position. According to their own design features These closers are:
- guides with a rod;
- with gear drive.
The differences between them are the mechanisms that are located inside the devices, which determines their operating principle. Models with a gear mechanism transmit movement using gears moving along a pin. Typically, such devices are used for heavy structures.
Products with a sliding rod can transmit forces from the door leaf to the spring using traction. All these elements are located in one housing, which is filled with oil. This makes it possible to adjust the door movement. Installation of these devices is carried out taking into account the direction of movement of the doors.
Floor
These devices are different in a hidden way installation, and with their help you can open doors in different sides. They are often installed on glass doors in sales areas. Such devices can withstand heavy weight.
A special feature is the design of such devices - it is a rod located vertically, on which there are springs. When opening the doors, it winds the spring, and then returns to the reverse position. The mechanism is attached to the doors using screws.
Hidden
Such devices are used for interior doors, and they are called frame ones. A design feature of such a device is a mechanism that slides inside the body. The advantages of this model are its small dimensions, which makes it possible to embed them directly into the leaf and maintain the integrity of the door.
Closer hinges
These devices appeared quite recently, but are already popular among users and are distinguished by great functionality. It is difficult to distinguish them, at first glance, from ordinary hinges, and it is not necessary to install additional designs on the door leaf. These mechanisms differ from standard hinges in being slightly larger in size.
But they also have some disadvantages. Among them are:
- weak effort;
- installation difficulties;
- inability to bear heavy weight;
- short period of validity.
Such devices are most often used for installation on interior designs with low weight.
Closers for sliding structures
They are usually used in the manufacture of furniture; the main purpose is to reduce the impact force when closing the doors. The design of such products is quite simple, but they themselves differ small in size. There is a spring mechanism inside the housing.
The disadvantage of such devices is that they have pins protruding from the body, which can be damaged, and therefore they are often placed in inaccessible places.
Installation and technological features
Such devices can be installed before installing the door itself or after its installation. Everyone should choose the method that is more convenient for them to produce.
To work you will need:
- cutter;
- drill;
- screwdriver;
- hammer.
During the work, some difficulties may also arise in determining the right place mechanism fastenings. When inserting, it is necessary to carry out all the work correctly and secure the mechanisms tightly to prevent mistakes, otherwise the closer will not work well. Door closers are often placed at the end of the blade, which ensures ease of use. If necessary, you can quickly remove the structure from its hinges, freeing up the doorway. Such a closer will not be noticeable to strangers, and it can be quickly replaced.
To install the device, you must adhere to clear recommendations from specialists and observe the following rules:
- check availability necessary elements and parts, which should include fasteners, levers, mechanisms and installation diagram;
- use the diagram to determine the order of work;
- correctly assemble the mechanism and mount it in the right place;
- adjust traction.
Adjustment process
After installation, it is necessary to carry out work to configure the closer. It is also important to check how the door will close or open. The canvas should move slowly and silently. If such moments are not observed, then it is necessary to first make adjustments. The process is quite simple, and it is based on tightening or unscrewing bolts that weaken the action of the spring or hydraulics.
To carry out the work, it is necessary to remove the closer cover, where the adjustment bolts are located. Next, you need to decide which bolt is intended to move the mechanism in one direction or another, and twist it, periodically checking the functionality of the door. The bolts must be pumped one at a time.
But it is also important to consider that the built-in closer may work differently depending on the room temperature. If the room is very cold or overheated, then under each temperature conditions make settings.
In this case, the adjustment is carried out by turning the bolts 1-2 turns. To avoid the need to carry out such activities frequently, it is recommended to use those devices that are undemanding in terms of temperature, for example, with spring mechanisms, and also to maintain the temperature in the room that is optimal for the operation of the mechanisms.
How to choose?
When purchasing such a device, you need to take into account the weight and width of the door leaf. Dorma products usually work according to the EN 1154 standard. If the model is chosen incorrectly, it will soon fail or not function correctly. This will bring certain difficulties when opening and closing doors.
Each door closer is divided into gradations and is designed for a particular weight and width of the door. All these points must coincide with the parameters of the canvas.
It is worth choosing ball systems according to optimal performance. It is also assumed that it will be possible to install closers with higher characteristics, which will extend their service life.
For external doors, it is recommended to purchase special models that are not afraid of frost and heat, and also have special design and filled with frost-resistant oil. This device usually comes complete with everything necessary materials and elements, which allows you to install the device on any door, regardless of the material it is made of.
You will learn about the new generation hidden door closer in the video below.
The appearance of the room is of primary importance to you, and design, convenience and beauty should not be separated? Buy doors equipped with a hidden closer. First of all, the box is equipped with similar fittings. This is due to the fact that for such products high levels of stealth are of primary importance.
Hidden closers For interior doors- This is a very convenient accessory. It will not disturb the interior created in the room. This is ensured by the fact that it is mounted in the door leaf and is practically invisible.
Hidden closers for interior doors are installed at the stage of equipping the door structure with fittings. Thus, the models presented in stores are already equipped with closers, and there is no need to install them yourself. Unfortunately, such fittings are not installed on all models. To be sure that a door closer is included in the door design, you need to purchase them directly from the manufacturer. This can be done at the Svoe company.
Key Features
The functionality of hidden door closers directly depends on the correct installation. By doing everything correctly, you can ensure that the door closer will function correctly and will not be noticeable.
In addition to the above, the performance of the closer directly depends on the correctness of its choice. This type of fittings is selected taking into account the dimensions of the door leaf, its shape, weight and other factors. Only experienced specialists can cope with such a task, as well as carry out competent installation of this fittings. These are the kind of craftsmen who work in our company. By contacting us, you can receive products with hidden closers for interior doors.
Svoe company?
Do you need any other type of door structures equipped with a closer? You should contact the managers. They will be happy to advise you on any issue related to the configuration and design of doors, as well as the terms of cooperation with the Svoe company.
We have already produced and sold more than 10 thousand various models doors. We are confident that we can offer customers what they need. Specialists will manufacture the ordered products, deliver them to the specified address and carry out the necessary installation work. We will be glad to see you among our clients.
Many people imagine a closer big block, which is installed on top of the door. But this is far from the case. Today there are many different door closers. They are different in type of fastening, principle, and method of work. Door manufacturers recommend hidden door closers canvases
Closer hidden installation
The concept of a door closer, method of action
A hidden door closer is a solution for door leaves that are suitable for people who forget to close the door or who don’t like door slamming. This is a design designed to automatically close door leaves. Such devices great solution For office doors, which always clap and are disturbed by constant drafts.
The door closer has a simple principle: open, walk through, push the door, and the door closes on its own. From strong blows glass may break on the wall, plaster may fall off, or break door design. To avoid such problems, closers are used. Door devices are represented by a number of mechanisms that close the doors automatically and quietly.
The device operates according to the rule of springs that are hidden in the body. He can perform additional functions: hold in a certain position, close the leaf, protect it from impacts, hold different dimensions of doors, different mass. Modern mechanisms are subject to adjustment: the closing speed and the force required to open the valves are set.
Hidden door closers
There are 4 types of mechanisms: floor-mounted, overhead, specialized, hidden. If you need to make the mechanism invisible or it is not possible to install another type, use hidden ones. Such devices are divided into 2 types: a mechanism with a rod, a hidden loop.
Sliding view of the closer
Sliding rod device The first type of device is conventional overhead closers, which have compact dimensions. The entire mechanism is hidden inside the door frame, in the door leaf.
The sliding rod is found in all types of door closers. It is of higher quality, more reliable, and more durable than the hinge system. It is easy to install.
The rod acts as if it were applied. The difference is the size and installation method. The base of the device is mounted on the end of the sash, on the top of the door frame. Then the parts are connected with a rod.
Hidden hinges
The second type is an inconspicuous, miniature device. The mechanism is completely hidden in the hinge body, as a result of its action the process of closing the doors slows down.
Hidden hinges Such models are practical and promising. Small, mortise mechanisms are hidden in the flap that closes it. To install them, you do not need to drill frames, doors, or slopes. Holes are made for the screws where the hinges are installed. The door leaf is subject to minimal damage during installation hidden mechanisms. This option is suitable for interior doors, and not for entrance panels.
Important! Door hinge along with positive characteristics has constructive character traits, flaws.
The installation has certain disadvantages:
- they cannot be installed on a solid door;
- they have a short working life due to their miniature size;
- hinges are demanding when installing the door leaf.
If you decide to install hidden door closers, then you need to be meticulous in installing the doors, checking all the features. If these nuances are not taken into account, then door closers are excellent for use in apartments.
Door closer installation properties
The structures are installed before installing the door or afterwards. The difference lies in the ease of installation, which is due to the use of such tools: a drill, a milling cutter, which are convenient and easy to work with, to embed the mechanism before installing the door structure.
Installation of a hidden closer is associated with difficulties in determining where to attach the device. The main thing is to embed it correctly, but you also need to calculate the location of the mechanism at the end of the door block. To avoid mistakes, carefully study the instructions of the mechanism manufacturer and strictly follow them.
A mechanism with a sliding rod is installed in two ways: if the thickness of the box beam allows, then the body of the device is installed in it, and the sampling is carried out with a manual milling cutter.
Important! Before installation, make sure that the required space is available to accommodate the mechanism. The gap between the frame and the door should be sufficient.
More often they are placed at the end of the canvas. This is due to the convenience of working with the door removed from its hinges. Therefore, this type of door closer is invisible to the human eye. When installing hinges, pay attention to the angle of inclination: if the angle is large, the door closes automatically.
Installation technology
To correctly position the device with the lever, adhere to clear rules actions:
- Check that the kit contains the necessary parts. A lever, fasteners, a closer mechanism, and a system mounting template must be present.
- Using the proposed scheme, tape the template to the door in closed. Holes are drilled through the design.
Holes for fastenings - The mechanism is assembled: the lever is attached to the frame of the door block, the closer is installed, and the parts are connected with a screw. Next, the door closer for hidden installation is mounted directly on the door, so its location must be appropriate.
- Traction control. Align the holes of the closer with the drilled places on the door. In this case, the adjusting screws are directed towards the door hinges.
- The mechanism is attached to the door. When the system holds the door leaf strongly, or holds it weakly, then everything is corrected by adjusting the device.
Installation of a hidden door closer Adjusting the closer
After installing the device, check that it is working correctly. To do this, open the door, check how it opens and closes. When everything is done correctly, the door closes slowly, smoothly, silently. If the speed of closing/opening the sash does not meet expectations, then adjustments are made.
The adjustment process is simple. It comes down to screwing or unscrewing screws (bolts) that weaken or strengthen the action of the hydraulics of the cylinder and spring.
Remove the protective cover of the closer box where the bolts are located. One bolt regulates the speed of the entire system, and the other is responsible for the speed of the “latching”, the movement of the door leaf. If you tighten the left bolt counterclockwise, the speed increases. The right bolt controls the opening and closing of doors. For easy opening, turn the bolt counterclockwise.
Adjustment of the mortise hinge of the closer is carried out by turning the screws one by one until the desired vertical is achieved.
Adjustment is carried out when mounting the mechanism, when the temperature changes. In summer (in the heat), in winter, the system malfunctions and requires adjustment. When making adjustments, it is not advisable to turn the bolts more than 2 turns, to assist the mechanism with mechanical forces, or to hold the doors open without a lock. If you follow the advice, everything will go well.
How to install a hidden door closer:
Today, manufacturers of various door fittings offer a wide range of devices that allow the sash to close automatically. Previously, the most primitive example of a door closer was a steel spring that forcefully slams an open door, or a strong rubber band. The main task of such devices was to hold the doors in a closed position.
Modern door closer designs are much more complex. They allow you to cover the leaf without noise, protecting it from impacts, which is especially important for door blocks that have glass inserts in the form of panels or transoms. In addition, some door closer models require opening doors to a certain angle while holding the door in the open position. certain time, and many of the devices have the ability to adjust the force required to close the curtains.
Overhead door closers
The most common type of door closers for interior doors are overhead mechanisms, used mainly in office premises And public buildings with a large flow of people. They are intended mainly to keep doors closed. According to their design, such closers are divided into:- mechanisms with a sliding rod;
- gear driven devices.
Differences in designs, the main element of which is a spring mechanism located in the housing, are determined by their operating principle. In gear-driven closers, the movement from the spring to the traction lever is transmitted by a gear moving along a toothed pin. Such devices are usually designed for heavy entrance doors and are not used for interiors.
In sliding-bar models, the force applied to the door is transmitted from the rod arm and piston to the spring, compressing or decompressing it. The entire mechanism is located in a sealed housing, filled with technical oil. Hydraulic system ensures smooth door movement and is adjustable.
Scheme correct installation overhead closers depends on the direction of movement of the door leaf. If the sash opens “from itself”, then the device body is mounted on the ceiling beam with the closer lever fixed on the door. When the door opens towards itself, the mechanism body is mounted on the sash, and the lever rests on the lintel.
Hidden closers
The most suitable closers for interior doors are hidden type devices, otherwise called frame ones. Structurally, such mechanisms differ little from conventional overhead door closers with a sliding rod. Main feature here are miniature dimensions that allow the device to be embedded into the upper end of the door leaf, which visually preserves the integral appearance of the door.
Installation of devices can be done in two ways. If the thickness of the ceiling beam allows, then the mechanism body is placed in it. Sampling under seat carried out by hand milling machine.
Before starting installation, you must ensure that there is sufficient clearance between the door frame and the upper end of the sash.
But most often, a hidden closer is placed in the door leaf, due to the ease of installation on a sash removed from its hinges. Certain difficulties may arise when calculating the location of the device on the upper end of the door. In this case, it is necessary to adhere to the exact instructions provided by the manufacturer, which indicate how accurate measurements are taken.
Closer hinges
The relatively recently developed door awnings with auto-closer function. Practically no different from ordinary door hinges, such mechanisms do not require additional alteration of the door block during installation. From standard products, closer loops are distinguished by slightly increased dimensions and design, which determines some of their disadvantages:
- inability to support doors of large mass;
- weak force when closing the narthex;
- small working resource;
- installation difficulties.
Closer hinges are most suitable for narrow and light interior doors. Their installation on heavy massive canvases requires the use of three or more elements, which is quite difficult. The fact is that maintaining the exact alignment of the loops relative to each other can be quite problematic, and non-compliance this requirement often disables the hinge mechanism, reducing the already short working life of the product.
The operation of the finishing mechanism can be facilitated by installing the door frame with a slight deviation relative to the vertical plane. But it is necessary to understand that too much tilt will lead to self-closing doors and without the presence of a closer, but it will make opening difficult, and a small one will make the operation of the mechanism more difficult. The most correct thing here would be to search for the golden mean.
Floor closers
Such devices are classified as hidden type closers and are used, as a rule, for pendulum or swing doors that open in both directions and do not have a door frame. Most often they can be found on glass doors at the entrance to shopping malls, since they can withstand a lot of weight and, in fact, are a turning mechanism.
As door closers for interior doors floor models are rarely used, only in cases where there is a need for special interior design.
The design of the floor closer is a vertical rod with a ring spring, the operation of which ensures its return to its original, original position. In the lower part, the door leaf is mounted on a rotating rod of the mechanism, the body of which is installed directly in the floor covering.
More functional designs involve the use of an additional hydraulic rod in the design of the floor closer, thanks to which the applied force is adjusted when closing and opening doors.
Closers for sliding interior doors
This type of device is comparable to door closers used in the manufacture of cabinet furniture. Their main purpose is to prevent and soften impacts when opening and closing door leaves. Structurally, the closer is a small diameter rod with a spring mechanism located inside. The device is installed in a hole of suitable diameter drilled for it - in the end sliding door, either in door frame, serving as a stop for the sliding sash.
The main disadvantage of using such models of closers is the protruding spring-loaded pins, which can get caught and break the mechanism. This can be prevented by placing products at the highest possible points.