Increasingly, in stores we buy products packaged in convenient packaging made of polymer materials. Plastic dishes are widely used for a quick snack, storing food in the refrigerator, heating it in the microwave, freezing it, and when going on a picnic. Could such utensils have adverse health effects? Especially if the product contains acids or is packaged hot.

The production of plastic utensils and packaging materials may use compounds that are very harmful to health. The composition of such utensils includes amines, phenols, and acid esters, which can be bonded to the polymer purely mechanically and therefore easily pass into food products in contact with the packaging. Polymer materials also contain plasticizers that have a good ability to dissolve in fats and oils, so vegetable oils and soft margarines cannot be stored for a long time in plastic containers and in the light.

The release of chemicals and toxic compounds into products is enhanced by various factors (acidic or alkaline environment of the product, intense light, high or low temperature, exposure to sunlight). As a rule, this happens when the rules for using plastic utensils are not followed. The consequences of such negligence are the accumulation in the body of substances that cause irreversible changes in various tissues of the body.

What are active plastic packaging?

We are increasingly hearing about polymer “active” packaging that contains special additives (gas and moisture absorbers, flavorings, antimicrobial and enzyme preparations) that help improve the presentation and preserve the taste, color and smell of food products.

An example is active milk packaging, which contains lactase, an enzyme that breaks down milk sugar, which makes it possible to obtain a dietary product - “lactose-free milk”. This is very important for people whose bodies do not absorb milk.

"Active" packaging helps protect food products from microbial spoilage, thereby extending their "life" time. Thus, the shelf life of sausage products in an “active” casing increases by 2-3 times.

How to choose plastic packaging and utensils?

For each product group there is a strictly defined list of polymer utensils and packaging. Thus, for vegetable oil and soft margarines, only packaging made from grease-resistant materials is suitable - PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PVCD (polyvinylene chloride), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), impact-resistant plastics based on acrylonitrile. But high-density polyethylene is not a grease-resistant material, so products made from it will be unsuitable for packaging and use as tableware for products with a high (more than 30%) fat content.

In some delis or buffets, before serving pies, whites, etc., they may be heated in the microwave in ordinary plastic bags, which, of course, is unacceptable.

Dishes for heating in the microwave, as well as polymers for packaging bread, must be heat-resistant, since bread is often packaged while still warm.

There are restrictions on the use of polystyrene for food utensils and packaging. Even with short-term storage of products in polystyrene packaging (in particular, chocolates in correxes or products in polystyrene containers), the process of styrene transition begins: the products actively, especially in summer at elevated temperatures, absorb styrene, which is harmful to health.

How to determine what kind of dishes are in front of you?

To understand what kind of plastic is in front of you, you need to check the markings - look at the bottom of the dish: there will be a number inside the triangle, and sometimes an alphabetic abbreviation indicating the type of plastic.

1 is PET or PET - polyethylene terephthalate. This is a polymer material from which bottles are made for various drinks, vegetable oils, dairy products, ketchup, and mayonnaise. It is not recommended to reuse such drink bottles.

2 is HDPE (or LDPE) - high pressure polyethylene. This material is used to make bags and bottles for milk and water. Such plastic remains neutral only in the absence of oxygen, i.e. until I opened the bottle of water and milk. As soon as the bottle is opened, the polymer material of the packaging changes its properties and some of the chemicals can pass into milk or water. Therefore, after opening the package, it is advisable to immediately pour the product from containers marked 2 HDPE into glass containers.

3 - indicates that this is PVC (V) or PVC - polyvinyl chloride, vinyl. Used for packaging bulk food products, vegetable oils and various types of edible fats. If there are no markings on the bottom of the plastic container, you can independently assess whether it contains PVC. Such dishes may have a bluish tint, there may be streaks in the form of lines on the bottom, and when you press your fingernail on the wall of the container, a whitish mark will form. It is best not to buy food in such containers, and also not to use PVC utensils for eating. During storage and with increasing temperature (summer is a period of particular risk), vinyl chloride passes into the product and, when it enters the body, has the ability to accumulate and cause cancer (the latent period before the onset of diseases can last 15 years). PVC utensils begin to release this dangerous substance within a week after the product is poured or placed into it.

4 - LDPE or HDPE - low-density polyethylene. It is used to make plastic bags, flexible plastic packaging and some plastic bottles. If such packaging and utensils are used once, they will not cause any harm to health.

This material is thermally unstable, so you cannot place hot food in such a container even for a short time.

5 - PP or PP - polypropylene. A characteristic feature of such dishes is that they do not break, but wrinkle. Hot dishes can be served in such plastic dishes, and the containers can be used for freezing food. However, when the temperature increases (for example, when heated in a microwave), a small amount of methanol is released into the product from such dishes.

In addition, alcohol should not be poured into such containers - this will release highly toxic substances - formaldehyde and phenol. They affect the nervous system, liver, kidneys, reproductive organs, and can lead to leukemia.

Polypropylene is also not suitable for storing butter, vegetable oil and margarine, since this polymer begins to degrade upon contact with fats. For the same reasons, vegetable oil should not be stored in a polypropylene plastic bottle, such as a water bottle.

6 - PS or PS - polystyrene. This material is used to make packaging trays in supermarkets (for salads, cold cuts, etc.), trays for meat and poultry, egg containers, disposable tableware, yogurt cups, etc. Polystyrene is a carcinogen and has an adverse effect on the hematopoietic organs, liver, kidneys, nervous system, and reproductive function. You cannot turn disposable polystyrene dishes into reusable ones, much less heat food in such dishes in a microwave oven.

You can drink cold drinks from polystyrene cups, but you should not drink hot tea or coffee.

7 - a mixture of various plastics or polymers not listed above. When using containers with such markings, pay attention that it also says “for food purposes.” This is because this group often includes plastics made from polycarbonate (PC or PC), which cannot be used for food. When heated, frequently washed or used for a long time, bisphenol A can be released from such products, which causes hormonal disturbances in the body.

But if containers with such markings say “for cold foods” or “for hot foods,” then they must be used strictly in accordance with the recommendations: do not freeze in containers for hot foods and do not heat them in the microwave in containers intended only for cold dishes.

• Pay attention to the labeling: “for non-food purposes”, “for drinking water”, “for cold food products”, “for hot food products”, etc. and strictly follow it. Do not use polymer containers that are not intended for food products.
• Buy only polymer containers (food packaging) that have the generally accepted markings - “glass and fork”.
• Pay attention to the pictograms on the dishes (packaging). Thus, drawn “snowflakes” indicate that the container is suitable for freezing food, “wave oven” - that the dishes can be heated in the microwave, and “shower plates” mean that the containers can be washed in the dishwasher, which means they are heat resistant.
• Disposable cups can only be used for water (sour juices, fruit drinks, and hot drinks can cause harmful chemical compounds to escape from the plastic).
• It is not recommended to place hot foods in polystyrene disposable plates or to heat food in them in a microwave oven.
• Do not store food in disposable containers. You can store food for a long time only in glass and ceramic containers. Prolonged contact of plastic with the product, especially in the light and not hermetically sealed, leads to the active release of toxic monomers from the packaging.
• Give preference to drinks in PET bottles and do not reuse them.
• It is better to pour vegetable oil from a plastic bottle into a glass container and store it tightly sealed in a dark place.
• Disposable tableware is intended for one-time use and therefore cannot be reused, much less repeatedly.
• Remember that if utensils made from polymer materials are improperly stored and used, the processes of their destruction may occur more intensely.

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There is no point in writing about the fact that many people use plastic utensils - this is a known fact. We use it especially often in nature. It's really very convenient. Although one of my friends regularly uses such dishes for the holidays, when many guests come to her house. I repeatedly told her that it is not very beautiful, firstly, and, secondly, it can still be harmful. But she doesn’t like to wash mountains of dishes after the holidays, and she often organizes the holidays themselves. And, by the way, none of the guests are embarrassed by the presence of such dishes on the festive table (or they are delicately silent about it).

In addition to outdoor use, some housewives and homes use plastic products: salad bowls, glasses, food storage containers, etc. And I was wondering: is plastic tableware harmful or is it better to give it up? Does it cause harm to health or is it just another “horror story”? Let's figure it out.

What kind of plastic is there?

Plastic is a material made from high molecular weight compounds, obtained by “cross-linking” synthetic or natural short molecules of a substance into longer chains. When damaged, exposed to other substances, heated or aged, these chains break and monomers of the main substance are released into our food or into the air. The most famous and commonly used types of plastic are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene and polycarbonate.

Any of the listed types of plastic deteriorates in the following cases:

• With aging (it breaks down and releases decay products).
• For various damages (cracks and scratches).
• From heating.
• When exposed to alkaline substances.
• From contact with alcohol-containing liquids.
• From contact with fats.

Reusable plastic food products are recommended to be used for no more than a year. And that's provided that there isn't a single scratch on them.. Otherwise, throw it in the trash without regret. Disposable tableware should be used once and for no more than four hours.

Never Do not reuse disposable tableware!

How to understand that plastic is aging and is not suitable for further use? Very simple. The plastic becomes cloudy and difficult to wash, unpleasant to the touch, retains food odors or emits some of its own. If you notice even one small scratch on the plastic, throw it away! It is no longer suitable for use in the kitchen!

About the dangers of plastic and its components

Plastic itself is not harmful or toxic, which is why it is used to make tableware. But pure plastic is fragile and unstable to various temperatures. Therefore, some stabilizers are added to it to make it stronger. Unfortunately, along with its strength, plastic becomes toxic.

Various solvents and additives used for the production of plastic utensils and entering food under certain conditions (see above) release toxic substances that have an extremely negative effect on our body.

The most common of them:

• Formaldehyde – negatively affects the central nervous system (CNS), reproductive function, affects internal organs, and provokes allergies.
• Phthalates - lead to infertility.
• Methanol - the real poison. It affects the central nervous system, organs of vision, and causes chronic intoxication.
• Styrene – has a very strong effect on the central nervous system, disrupts metabolism, provokes malfunctions in the hematopoietic system, and has an extremely negative effect on blood vessels.
• Bisphenol A – gradually accumulates in the body, causes irreversible changes in the reproductive system and complications of pregnancy, increases the risk of diabetes and cancer.
• Vinyl chloride – poison, carcinogen, mutagen. Provokes the development of cancer of the brain, liver, lungs, and lymphatic system. And the longer a drink is stored in a plastic bottle, the more polyvinyl chloride it contains. A week after filling the bottle, the drink becomes harmful.

There is a myth that disposable and reusable plastic is coated with a special protective layer. Nothing like this! This is just a myth. There is no protective layer on such dishes. Manufacturers of plastic tableware came up with this tale to reassure us, the consumers. A small scratch on such dishes can (and will) cause toxic substances to enter our food and then our bodies..

Another challenge: plastic recycling. As a result of such processing, it is generally impossible to understand the composition of the material. Manufacturers must mark and indicate on the bottom of the product what plastic the dishes are made of, but, unfortunately, not everyone does this. And you and I simply do not have the ability to understand and determine what we are holding in our hands and how safe it is.

The generally accepted markings of utensils in which food can be stored are forks and glasses. If the fork and glass are crossed out, it means that this product is strictly forbidden to be used for food products.

In addition, the dishes must indicate what products they can be used for: cold or hot, bulk or liquid, for freezing, for the microwave, etc.

Important! Plastic utensils labeled “microwave safe” and “hot food safe” have completely different uses. You can only use utensils in the microwave that have the icon: wave oven or the word “microwave safe.” The marking “for hot foods” means that you can drink and eat hot food from this container, but under no circumstances should you cook or heat it in this container. Remember that with frequent use of utensils for hot foods, the “aging effect” begins and it is advisable not to use such utensils repeatedly.

Russian scientists have conducted a number of studies and claim that plastic utensils are absolutely safe, but only if used correctly and replaced in a timely manner .

Separately about plastic bottles

There is no doubt that a plastic bottle is very convenient and practical. Unlike glass, it will never break. And very often a disposable bottle turns into a reusable one. This is especially true for bottles with easy-to-drink necks, which mothers use to give their young children something to drink. The danger is that almost all plastic bottles are made of polyethylene terephthalate, which is practically unstable to shock loads, transmits ultraviolet light and oxygen well, significantly worsening the quality of the drink, and polyvinyl chloride, the dangers of which have already been mentioned above.

You will say that these bottles are reusable with special markings. Yes you are right. But you can’t put anything in them except water. . And mothers pour everything into them: juices, compotes, jelly, even dairy products.

There is a great way to check the safety of the container: press the bottle with your fingernail and look at the result. If there is a white stripe left on the plastic, then it is better to throw away such a bottle - it may well harm your health.

How to use plastic utensils without harm?

No matter how much they scare us, we are unlikely to give up using plastic utensils. Because it is inexpensive, convenient and hygienic.

In order not to harm your health when using such utensils, it is enough to follow some important and simple rules:

• Always use utensils as labeled.
• Do not use regular plastic utensils in the microwave.
• Do not use disposable plastic packaging for storing or freezing food.
• Always use disposable tableware – once!
• Always crumple up disposable tableware after use (especially in food service areas).
• Never cook foods high in sugar, fat or acids in plastic containers (even if the label says so).
• Do not drink alcoholic beverages from plastic cups.
• When you come home from the store, remove the packaging film from the products.
• Try to buy baby food in glass or cardboard containers.
• Buy baby plastic bottles only with the “BPA-free” symbol, or it would be better to avoid using plastic in baby dishes altogether.
• Do not allow water to stagnate in the jug with a cleaning filter; change the water in it regularly. If the jug becomes cloudy, throw it away without hesitation.
• Do not wash reusable plastic dishes with brushes or hard brushes, or use cleaning powder.
• Never burn empty plastic bottles or other plastic products in a fire, stove or fireplace (used plastic is best disposed of in a special container).

Summarize

Of course, it is best to give up plastic utensils. But we understand perfectly well that in practice this is very problematic. Well, you can’t go to nature with porcelain or ceramic plates, right? Plastic ones are much more convenient and practical. Although lately we are increasingly buying disposable cardboard plates and glasses when going outdoors. Forks and spoons remain plastic, since there is no other alternative yet.

Hello.

Today I would like to talk about the dangers of plastic dishes. Many of us use such dishes to store or transport food. Plastic utensils are very convenient to use, cheap and in many cases are considered much more effective than utensils made of iron or glass.

In our active times, where you need to “spin like a squirrel in a wheel” in order to achieve something in life, it is not always possible to store food in iron or glass containers (they take up a lot of space, have a lot of weight and size). People are increasingly using plastic dishes, which are very practical and lightweight, allowing you to carry food or eat comfortably.

The sales level of plastic tableware is increasing every year. A large number of disposable tableware is produced for various purposes: cups, plates, food storage containers, etc. Manufacturers claim that their products do not harm human health if the instructions for use are followed. Unfortunately, few of us know these instructions. But in vain...

What is plastic? Plastic itself is a brittle polymer material, is considered non-toxic and does not harm human health. But manufacturers, in order to improve its durability and strength, add special chemical components that, under certain conditions, are harmful to health.

Plastic utensils come in different types. Available in materials: polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride. Depending on the composition of the plastic, the product is used for different purposes.

Such utensils must indicate under what conditions they can be used. The manufacturer puts a special mark on its product, which indicates for what purpose it can be used. The most common signs are: “fork with glass”, “snowflakes”, “plates in the shower”, etc. . Such signs inform the consumer that the product is suitable for contact with food and that some manipulation of the plastic (for example, washing with water or hot/low temperature) is permitted.

The manufacturer also indicates the type of plastic. Most often, this is a number in a triangle that indicates what material the plastic container is made of. Check out the marking table:

TABLE OF PLASTIC MARKINGS

1. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is marked with a number "1" .
2. Low-density polyethylene (HDPE or HDPE) is marked with a number "2" .
3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC or PVC) is marked with a number "3" .
4. High-density polyethylene (LDPE or LDPE) is marked with a number "4" .
5. Polypropylene (PP) is marked with a number "5" .
6. Polystyrene (PS) is marked with a number "6" .
7. A mixture of different plastics (OTHER) is marked with a number "7" .

Most often, the marking mark is placed on the bottom of the dishes. If you want to purchase plastic dishes, be sure to look for the number in the triangle. Let's take a closer look at the harm different types of plastic can cause if used incorrectly:

HARM OF PLASTIC TABLEWARE

1. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) .

This material is considered environmentally friendly among others. Manufacturers produce disposable cups, plates, cans, boxes, and bottles from it. The shelf life of such containers is one year. Unfortunately, this material has weak protective characteristics. It allows ultraviolet rays and air to pass through, which leads to a decrease in food storage time.

Also, the manufacturer can add additional chemical components (dicols, phthalates or other toxic substances) to improve the reliability of its products. Then such plastic can harm human health. The main rule is not to reuse PET containers, because over time the protective properties are lost and toxic substances are released.

Also, when heated, formaldehyde is released, so you should not heat dishes made of polyethylene terephthalate (for example, in a microwave).

Low pressure polyethylene (HDPE).

It is obtained at low pressure. This material is included in various cans, bottles, and films. Mostly rigid containers. May be reused. We can say with confidence that it is one of the safest plastics. It has high hardness, high strength, excellent chemical resistance to fats, acids and alkalis. Melting point: +129-135. It has greater fragility, less water absorption, and vapor permeability.



2. High Density Polyethylene(LDPE) .

The material is very light and durable. Various plastic packaging (flexible), bags, films, containers for storing detergents, and some plastic bottles (for vegetable oil) are made from this material. It is considered environmentally safe for others due to its characteristics. Used for contact with food. Melting point is approximately 110 degrees. It is resistant to tearing and deformation. It is resistant to sunlight.

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3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC or PVC) .

Very resistant to acids, various oils, solvents.

Dishes made from this material are very common. They make water bottles and are also included in some packaging films. They also make caps for plastic bottles (vegetable oil, for example). Dishes containing polyvinyl chloride must not be used for long-term storage of any products.

To create color or impact resistance, manufacturers add additional additives: plasticizers, softeners, pigments, and so on. These additives are dangerous for humans.

If the conditions of use are not followed, hazardous substances are released - phthalates, dioxide, bisphenol A, heavy metals and vinyl chloride (this is a very toxic substance that can greatly harm health). Scientists have proven that if used incorrectly, vinyl chloride is released, which penetrates into food.

Products made from polyvinyl chloride cannot be heated. When burned, toxic substances are released (very dangerous to humans). Hormonal imbalances, decreased immunity, cancer or infertility may occur.



4. Polypropylene (PP).

Polypropylene is used to make food packaging film, yogurt cups, plates, spoons, caps for various containers, baby bottles, and hot food containers. The material can withstand high temperatures (up to +100 C), so you can drink hot tea or coffee.

You cannot drink alcohol from polypropylene, because formaldehyde and phenol are released. These substances accumulate in the body and destroy the liver and kidneys. Visual impairment and disruption of the gastrointestinal tract (possible ulcer) occur.

Experts also prohibit the use of such containers for storing fat. Upon contact with fat, the protective walls of the plastic are destroyed and formaldehyde and other toxic substances are released. It is prohibited to heat polypropylene products above 100 degrees.



5. Polystyrene (PS).

Manufacturers use this type of plastic to create egg containers and cups. Do not heat polystyrene cookware because it releases dangerous toxic substances. It is highly not recommended to store hot food.

The advantage of polystyrene is its resistance to cold, which makes it suitable for cold food.

If handled incorrectly, it may release a carcinogen - styrene. Human reproductive function suffers. You cannot drink alcohol or hot tea from such containers. The dishes are intended exclusively for cold food. It is advisable to minimize the use of this type of plastic in your everyday life.

6. Mixture of different plastics (OTHER) .

A mixture of various plastics or polymers not listed above. Packaging marked with this number cannot be recycled and ends its life cycle in a landfill.

Many manufacturers use combinations of different plastics. Used for making baby bottles and water bottles.

A very common component is polycarbonate. When dishes are handled incorrectly (very long-term use), polycarbonate releases a toxic element - bisphenol A. Bisphenol A disrupts physiological processes in the body, metabolism is disrupted, and hormonal imbalance occurs. It is not recommended to use plastic utensils marked OTHER.

We got acquainted with the main types of materials that are used to create plastic utensils, and learned what danger they pose. Unfortunately, nowadays it is almost impossible to do without plastic utensils. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the harm from their use. Experts recommend the following:

TIPS FOR USING PLASTIC TABLEWARE

1. It is necessary to strictly use plastic utensils for their intended purpose.
2. Do not pour hot water into plastic containers.
3. Do not purchase dishes if you see that they were made a year ago (the longer they are stored, the more chemicals you will get).
4. It is advisable for the child to use only glassware.
5. Avoid plastic bottles when feeding your baby (it’s better to buy a glass bottle).
6. Do not store food in plastic containers.
7. Buy water in glass containers at the store.
8. Disposable containers are strictly prohibited from being reused.
9. Do not store food in plastic bags in the refrigerator.

“Disposable tableware frees up our time and makes life simpler and easier. It is light and comfortable and does not need to be washed. But any plastic utensils have an adverse effect on our health, which does not cause significant problems if we use them rarely (when it is really necessary),” says nutritionist Tatyana Fialkova.

Constant use of plastic leads to poor health. The fact is that unscrupulous manufacturers from time to time put on the market plastic dishes made from low-quality materials, and even with prohibited additives. In general, it is worth remembering that disposable tableware is called that because it cannot be used a second time, but we often do not pay attention to this instruction. Plastic disposable utensils cannot be washed or disinfected: any infection that gets on them persists and multiplies, being transmitted to everyone who uses these utensils. When reusing disposable plastic tableware, its outer protective layer is damaged, and carcinogenic substances - formaldehyde, phenol, cadmium, lead - begin to be released. Toxins can accumulate in the body for years, affecting your health. Even a small amount of them is poisonous to us if exposed for a long time.

Under no circumstances should plastic utensils be used as containers for storing food, and disposable utensils should not be used repeatedly. How plastic will react to contact with ingredients for which it was not intended, and what compounds may form in this case, is difficult to predict. Particularly insidious are fats and acids, which can extract free toxic compounds from plastic.

What to look for when choosing plastic tableware?

When buying disposable tableware, you need to clearly understand what you will use it for. Plastic is a rather fragile material that can crack in the light and melt in the heat. For this reason, manufacturers add stabilizer substances, thanks to which the plastic becomes stronger, but, alas, more toxic. The marking is the designation of the stabilizer contained. It helps you make the right choice. For example, food grade plastic has a generally accepted label - “glass and fork”. It may say that it is intended for cold, bulk or hot foods, for use in the microwave or for freezing, sometimes indicating a temperature range.

PS or ABC plastic- this is polystyrene. Plastic utensils made from this material are safe only when in contact with cold foods (at temperatures above +40 they turn into poison). But pouring alcoholic drinks, hot tea/coffee, and sour juices into glasses is strictly prohibited. You cannot store acidic foods, cabbage, or pickle cucumbers, because... a toxic substance, styrene, is released, which accumulates in our liver and kidneys, gradually disrupting their function.

PP or PP- this is polypropylene. You can eat hot food and freeze it from such dishes (temperature range from -40 to +140). It is permissible to heat food in the microwave. A glass of hot tea can be held in your hand and it will not be hot. The big disadvantage of this cookware is that it does not like fats; when it comes into contact with them, polypropylene breaks down and releases toxic substances. Can be washed in the dishwasher, put in the microwave. But it is worth paying attention that not only packaging, plates, but even glasses for alcohol-containing liquids are made from such material, and you cannot drink or store alcohol in such containers, since carcinogenic substances phenol and formaldehyde are released, which “harm” vision and impair performance kidney

RS- polycarbonate cookware is considered the safest and most practical. It looks like ceramic or porcelain dishes. It does not break and does not oxidize. It is used to prepare storage containers and baking dishes.

PE or PE- polyethylene. The safest plastic option. It is preferable to choose disposable tableware with this marking.

Can plastic utensils be used at sub-zero temperatures?

We produce dishes specially designed for use in ovens and for freezing food. It says on it that it is intended for use in a microwave oven or for freezing (for example, “Snowflakes” indicate that the container is suitable for freezing food, “stove with waves” - that the container can be used to heat food in the microwave), the temperature range may be indicated, those. Such utensils must be marked accordingly.

Polypropylene dishes: benefits and harms

Let's figure it out together: the harm and benefits of plastic tableware

Today we cannot imagine our life without plastic: disposable tableware, food containers, and bottles made from it are found in every home. But it destroys our health! A study on this topic was conducted by the program “Conspiracy Theory. Plastic and food: safety rules."

American scientists say: 80% of “plastic” substances found in the human body come there mostly from dishes. But if it says “food grade plastic”, it must be harmless! However, there are many nuances, and the main one is that food plastic comes in different forms. How it can be used depends on what substances it contains. Unfortunately, this is not written on the labels, and, accordingly, this rule is rarely observed.

An irreplaceable thing at the dacha and especially at a barbecue picnic. In some fast food cafes, soups and main courses are served in plastic bowls and plates. But often such dishes are made from polystyrene (PS). When heated, it forms carcinogenic styrene, which accumulates in the liver and kidneys and can even lead to cirrhosis. Dishes marked PS can only be used for cold dishes! The only plastic that is suitable for hot food is polypropylene (PP).

Myths and truth about products

Alcohol is a solvent, so if you pour it into a plastic cup or glass, you get a solution of ethanol with stinol, phenol and formaldehyde. This leads to problems with vision, kidneys and reproduction. Tea and coffee can only be poured into glasses marked PP, but only when the drink has cooled down a little. Polypropylene can withstand temperatures no higher than 75 degrees.

Most often they are made from PET plastic. Rospotrebnadzor advocates banning the sale of beer in PET bottles, since alcohol releases phthalates from the plastic into the drink. They affect hormonal balance, men produce female hormones, sexual activity decreases, and women develop endometriosis and infertility.

9 things in the house that indicate you're a slob

1. Ideally, avoid plastic altogether. Buy disposable paper tableware, glass containers for storing food, drinks in glass, and carry a reusable flask of water with you.

2. Pour only water into disposable plastic cups.

3. Do not reuse disposable tableware and PET water bottles.

4. Do not store foods containing acid (tomatoes, fruit salads) in plastic containers. Don't put hot food in there.

5. Wash the containers carefully, without damaging the surface layer, with baking soda diluted with water to a mushy state.

In Austria, Ireland, Australia, China, Bangladesh and other countries, the use of plastic bottles is completely prohibited

1. PET(E)/PET – polyethylene terephthalate: bottles for drinks, containers for bulk food products. The best plastic for bottles.

2. PEHD (HDPE)/HDPE – low-density polyethylene: for packaging milk, bags. May release formaldehyde.

3. PVC/PVC – polyvinyl chloride: packaging of water and products by small enterprises. Contains the carcinogen vinyl chloride, which can penetrate into food and the human body. It's better not to use it.

4. PELD (LDPE)/LDPE – high-density polyethylene: bags, flexible packaging. May release formaldehyde.

5. PP/PP – polypropylene: dishes for hot dishes, cling film. Withstands temperatures up to 75 degrees.

6. PS/PS – polystyrene: disposable tableware. Does not withstand heat. You cannot eat or drink hot foods, drinks or alcohol from it.

7. O(ther)/Other – a mixture of plastics or polymers not listed above. It is better not to use for food products.

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The dangers of plastic dishes and how they are labeled



Plastic has firmly taken its place in our kitchens, with a variety of plastic bowls, storage containers, baking dishes, plates and cups appearing on the shelves. We drink from plastic, eat from it, store food in it, heat food in the microwave in it. Nowadays, in some European countries, up to 70% of residents eat at home from disposable dishes.

The high popularity of plastic dishes is due to the fact that they are convenient, light and cheap, and if they are disposable, there is no need to wash them.

Marks on plastic utensils

An international marking was developed for sorting plastic, a triangle formed by arrows with a number inside. The letter code of the plastic may be indicated under the triangle, together with or instead of the number. Plastic packaging is divided into 7 types.

Polyethylene terephthalate PET(E) or PET is used to produce disposable bottles for:

• water,
• soda and beer,
• cosmetic products,
• dairy products,
• vegetable oils.

Reuse is completely prohibited as it may release phthalates.

High pressure polyethylene PEHD (HDPE) or LDPE is used for the production of:

• packaging bags,
• garbage bags,
• milk packaging.

May release carcinogenic formaldehyde.

Polyvinyl chloride V, PVC or PVC is used to produce:

• finishing and building materials,
• shoes,
• furniture,
• water bottles,
• medical products,
• films for wrapping products.

This plastic is virtually impossible to recycle. May release phthalates, heavy metals, and vinyl chloride upon contact with fatty or hot foods.

Low-density polyethylene PELD (LDPE) or HDPE is used for the production of:

• detergent bottles,
• pipes,
• toys,
• bags and films for wrapping products.

May release formaldehyde.

Polypropylene PP or PP is used for the production of:

• glasses and jars,
• medical products,
• dishes for hot dishes,
• food packaging film,
• containers for products.

May release formaldehyde

Polystyrene PS or PS is used for the production of:

• hot drink glasses (similar to styrofoam),
• food trays (similar to foam),
• cups for dairy products,
• electrical insulating film,
• food containers,
• forks and spoons.

May release the chemical estrogen and the carcinogen styrene.

Polycarbonate and other plastics O, OTHER or OTHER are used for the production of:

• baby bottles,
• multilayer packaging,
• combined plastic,
• reusable water bottles.

May release bisphenol A.

Harm from plastic dishes

Studies have shown that plastics can be hazardous to health. Harmful substances from plastic begin to enter food even at the lowest heat, and often at room temperature.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Disposable cups and plates for fast food establishments are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET). It must not be used in the microwave or filled with hot food. PET dishes have a shelf life of one year, after which harmful substances may begin to be released, as a result of which you cannot stock up on such dishes for future use.

Polystyrene (PS)

Polystyrene (PS) dishes also do not like high temperatures and are intended for cold food and drinks.

Polypropylene (PP)

Dishes made of polypropylene (PP) can withstand high temperatures, so you can heat food in the microwave. A glass of hot tea can be held in your hand and it will not be hot. The big disadvantage of this cookware is that it does not like fats; when it comes into contact with them, polypropylene breaks down and releases toxic substances.

Polycarbonate (PC)

Polycarbonate (PC) cookware is the safest and very practical. It looks like ceramic or porcelain dishes. Polycarbonate dishes do not break or oxidize. It is used to make storage containers and baking dishes.

Silicone

Silicone cookware can handle temperatures from –60 to +280 degrees. This material is used to make molds for jelly and ice muffins. Silicone cookware is soft, very slippery and has non-stick properties, so it does not need to be lubricated before use.

Bisphenol A and phthalates

Polycarbonate baby bottles have replaced glass ones. But not everyone knows that bisphenol A (BPA), which is used in the production of polycarbonate, can come from polycarbonate in liquids.

BPA is very similar to female sex hormones, interfering with normal hormone function and contributing to obesity, breast cancer, heart disease and diabetes. It is especially dangerous for the development of the boy’s reproductive system when he is in his mother’s stomach.

In the United States, they even banned the use of baby bottles that used bisphenol in their production.

Three years ago, Canadian scientists voiced the first warnings about the dangers of BPA. They proved that the substance used in the manufacture of plastic tableware leads to changes in the brain and puts the body at risk of breast or prostate cancer.

Phthalates also need to be added to the list of toxic substances that can pass into fats from plastic dishes. They give plastics elasticity. Phthalates are as toxic as bisphenol. They are found in films in which sausage, cheese and other products are packaged.

Safe use of plastic utensils

Having brought products from the store, they must be immediately transferred from the packaging into glass, metal or ceramic dishes.

If you use plastic utensils at home, then only for cold food and water, since when preparing coffee or soups, the water heats up to 100 ° C. And according to GOST, utensils are tested at temperatures up to 75 ° C, which means that the tests are milder true circumstances in the kitchen.

For cooking and hot food, you can only use fired utensils in which the surface has glazed, and as a result it has become inert to food. Stainless steel and glass behave similarly passively.

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Labeling plastic utensils: the harm and benefits of plastic

In the summer, plastic dishes are gaining popularity. It is quite convenient to transport food in it. As a rule, such things are used on long trips and on picnics. The undoubted advantage of such dishes is their low cost. It's no secret that in most cases it is disposable. The labeling of plastic utensils can tell a lot about its quality. After reading our article, you can easily determine what exactly the signs mean that are located on the bottom of a disposable plate or glass.

History of the creation of plastic tableware

Today, disposable plastic tableware is quite familiar to us. We use it as a lunch box or take it with us on a picnic. Does everyone know exactly when it appeared? You can find out this information in our article.

Plastic utensils were first discovered in the United States of America in 1910. The first to be created was a disposable glass, and then they began to produce forks, plates, spoons and other items known to us today. The first dishes were made of thick paper. It only gained popularity in 1950. And it was at this time that paper began to be replaced by another material, namely plastic.

Plastic dishes in the USSR. Nowadays

In the Soviet Union, such dishes began to appear only in 1960, but they were not popular until 1990. This was due to the lack of fast food establishments. It is worth paying attention to the fact that disposable paper tableware is now gaining popularity again. This is no coincidence, because quite often plastic products for storing food do not meet quality standards. Paper, in turn, is a safe and environmentally friendly material.

To purchase utensils that are harmless to health, you need to know what the markings on plastic utensils mean. You can find out this and much more in our article.

Plastic dishes have a lot of positive qualities. The very first thing consumers pay attention to is the low cost of such a product. It is convenient to transport and there is no need to wash. It is known that plastic dishes are quite durable, but only if there is no excessive load on them. As a rule, due to its positive qualities, it is used for picnics, parties, or simply taken with food to work or on a long trip. The labeling of plastic utensils for food can tell a lot about its quality and recommendations for use. In order for disposable food containers to bring only benefits, you need to know how to use them correctly.

Today, many cafes and fast food restaurants use plastic disposable tableware because it is cheap, convenient and aesthetically pleasing. It is worth noting that containers for reusable use are also created from this material. Many housewives use them to store bulk substances. Is plastic harmful? You can find out this information in our article.

Harm and negative qualities of plastic and disposable tableware

Few people know, but if used incorrectly, any disposable container can cause irreversible harm to health. To prevent this from happening, you need to know what the labeling of plastic utensils means. The decoding of the markers is provided in our article.

Reusable and disposable tableware is harmful if it is used incorrectly. However, some doctors believe that it carries a certain danger under any circumstances. First of all, experts do not recommend reusing containers that are intended for one-time use. The second time it is used, it releases a large amount of substances hazardous to health.

It's no secret that plastic is a material obtained chemically. It is for this reason that when exposed to different products it can behave completely differently. For example, not every disposable glass can be used to drink warm tea. Labeling plastic containers is a great way to find out how a particular container can be used.

Plastic is known to be difficult to degrade. This process takes more than ten years. It is for this reason that this material negatively affects our ecology. To cope with this problem, factories are opening in many cities that process environmentally hazardous material. Unfortunately, there are quite a few such enterprises. It is for this reason that many fast food establishments prefer to use only paper utensils. It is more environmentally friendly and harmless.

Marking on plastic. Polystyrene dishes

In order not to harm your health, you need to know what the markings on plastic utensils mean. The decoding, which is described in our article, is remembered quite simply. This information will definitely be useful to you at a picnic or party, and will also help you maintain your health.

If there is a PS sign on plastic containers, you can be sure that such containers contain polystyrene. If used incorrectly, it is extremely dangerous to health. Plastic containers marked this way can only be used for storing refrigerated foods. The thing is that upon contact with hot food, containers with polystyrene release styrene, which accumulates in vital organs. Over time, this can cause the development of serious diseases. It is also highly recommended not to store alcoholic beverages in such containers or to heat food in the microwave.

Plastic utensils made of polypropylene

Are there plastic utensils for the microwave? The marking and its decoding, which is described in our article, will allow you to find out.

There is an opinion that disposable tableware should never be used in the microwave. However, it is not. On some plastic containers you can find a sign with the number 5 and the symbols PP. This marking indicates that the cookware contains polypropylene. It is in such a container that you can heat food in the microwave and pour hot tea into it. Few people know, but polypropylene dishes do not deform when in contact with contents whose temperature is no more than 100 degrees Celsius.

The only thing that should never be stored in such a container is alcohol. If alcohol is poured into a polypropylene container, the plastic begins to release phenol, from the effects of which a person can completely lose his vision. A polypropylene container has a lot of positive qualities. It is known to be quite durable and retains heat well. Plastic utensils are extremely popular today. Labeling for the consumer is the main source of information that allows you to find out what a particular container is intended for.

What does the triangle of three arrows mean on plastic containers?

You know what the markings on plastic utensils look like. In addition to numbers and letters, there is a triangle sign on it, which consists of three arrows. Not everyone understands what it means. Such a closed cycle of arrows indicates that the used dishes are subject to further recycling. As a rule, there is a number inside the triangle, and several letters below it. They can tell you about the material from which your chosen cookware is made.

Sign with cutlery

The labeling of plastic utensils is the first thing a consumer should pay attention to when purchasing. As we said earlier, if containers are used incorrectly, they can cause irreversible harm to health. Often on plastic utensils you can find a sign with the image of cutlery. This marker indicates that food can be stored in this container. If such a sign is crossed out, then you can be sure that the product is not intended for use in the kitchen.

To protect yourself and your loved ones, you need to know and remember what the labeling of plastic utensils means. The decoding, which is described in our article, will allow you to find out what is included in a particular container.

If you go on a picnic with plastic utensils, then under no circumstances burn them after the picnic is over. When burned, disposable containers release substances hazardous to health. Experts strongly recommend not to eat in establishments that use plastic utensils. If you have no other choice, then be sure to pay attention to its quality. Labeling plastic utensils will allow you to find out whether they are used correctly in a particular establishment. A similar situation exists with coffee machines. Often, when there is a great desire to save money, they use cheaper glasses that are not intended for storing hot drinks.

As we said earlier, never reuse disposable tableware. This rule is not accidental, because in this case, the top layer on the surface of the plastic container is destroyed, and it begins to release life-threatening chemicals.

Gastroenterologists strongly discourage the use of plastic utensils. They emphasize that under any circumstances, some polymers still enter the human body. It is known that over time they accumulate and become causative agents of serious diseases. Experts strongly recommend not using disposable containers or at least paying attention to the recommendations for their use. Labeling plastic utensils will allow you to find out what a particular container is suitable for. Doctors recommend today that you stop using such kitchen items and use only disposable containers made of thick paper.

Let's sum it up

In the warm season, plastic dishes are especially popular. The marking of such containers is described in our article. We strongly recommend that you remember its decoding in order to maintain your health. Plastic dishes have a lot of positive qualities. It is cheap and compact. However, it also has several disadvantages. If used correctly, it will only bring you joy and will not spoil your picnic. Be healthy!

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Harm from plastic dishes

What is plastic

Plastic or plasticOrganic material based on natural or synthetic high-molecular compounds. The most popular type of plastic is made from synthetic polymers.

The most common polymer materials (types of plastic):

• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Polypropylene
• Polyethylene
• Polystyrene
• Polycarbonate

They are used to produce both technical and food plastics.

Plastics used for the production of products in contact with food and children's assortment must undergo examination for compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and be certified. The manufacturer is obliged to label its products. Food-grade plastic has the generally accepted marking - “glass and fork”. It may say that it is intended for cold, bulk or hot foods, for use in the microwave or for freezing, sometimes indicating a temperature range.

Markings on plastic utensils indicate in what cases they can be used

For example, “Snowflakes” indicate that the container is suitable for freezing food, “stove with waves” - that the dishes can be heated in the microwave, and “shower plates” indicate that the containers can be washed in the dishwasher. This marking is also used by some Russian manufacturers.

The harm of plastic

Plastic in its pure form is a rather fragile, fragile material - it cracks in the light and melts in the heat. For strength, stabilizers are added to it. This makes the plastic stronger, but also more toxic. Because of this, the harm of plastic utensils manifests itself.

The polymers themselves are inert, non-toxic and do not “migrate” into food. But intermediate substances, technological additives, solvents, as well as chemical decomposition products can penetrate into food and have a toxic effect on humans. Under certain conditions, plastic releases toxic compounds that, when entering the human body, negatively affect his health.

Over time, plastic utensils release decomposition products

This process can occur while food is being stored or when it is heated. In addition, polymer materials are subject to change (aging), as a result of which destruction products are released from them. Moreover, different types of plastic become toxic under different conditions - some cannot be heated, others cannot be washed, etc. Improper use becomes the main cause of harm to plastic utensils.

American scientists claim that up to 80% of “plastic” substances found in the human body come from construction and finishing materials, in particular from the popular plastic windows, furniture, but most of all from dishes: from food plastic, all kinds of compounds pass into food nutrition. Domestic manufacturers assure that certified plastic tableware is absolutely safe - if used as intended.

Advantages of plastic dishes

Compactness, lightness, hygiene, low cost, ease of operation allow you to use plastic utensils outside the home - on the road, outdoors, etc. They do not require washing or cleaning. Therefore, the need for using plastic utensils is growing. Plastic utensils are also used by fast food restaurants, outdoor cafes and snack bars.

Plastic tableware is very popular due to its low cost

Plastic food utensils: how to use

To prevent plastic utensils from causing harm to health, they must be used strictly for their intended purpose. Different brands of food grade plastic have different properties. One brand of this polymer raw material is intended for the production of water bottles, the other for carbonated drink bottles. Yogurt cups are made from a grade of plastic that allows the casting method to produce a lightweight, cheap container that is neutral to milk fat, while pudding cups must resist sugar.

Experts insist: in no case should plastic packaging be used as containers for storing food, and disposable tableware should not be used repeatedly. Disposable packaging should be used for one time only.

How plastic will react to contact with ingredients for which it was not intended, and what compounds may form in this case, no one has studied. Particularly insidious are fats and acids, which can extract free toxic compounds from plastic.

Foods high in sugar and fat should not be cooked in plastic containers. They are heated to the point where the plastic melts and deforms. You need to cook them in a special container that can withstand heating up to 140, 180 or more C.

When using plastic utensils, follow the temperature markings

When reusing disposable plastic tableware, its outer protective layer is damaged, and carcinogenic substances - formaldehyde, phenol, cadmium, lead - begin to be released.

You should not drink alcohol from disposable plastic glasses. Any plastic contains toxic substances that do not dissolve in ordinary cold drinks, but cannot withstand the chemical attack of alcohol.

The release of various compounds from plastic increases many times over when heated. Therefore, only special containers designed for this purpose can be used in a microwave oven.

At home, immediately remove the packaging film from food. Trim off the top layer of food stored in plastic packaging.

Do not use disposable packaging to store food. Store food in glass and ceramic containers. Try to avoid products packaged in plastic whenever possible, preferring loose ones.

Buy baby food only in glass or cardboard. Do not use plastic containers for baby food. Do not microwave food in plastic containers.

Do not keep water in pitcher filters for a long time. In the morning and evening, replace the remaining water with fresh water. A plastic water jug ​​that becomes cloudy should be thrown away.

Also, disposable packaging was not intended for washing, so the result may be unpredictable.

Any polymer material ages under the influence of light, heat, heating and contact with all kinds of substances. Then it becomes cloudy, absorbs odors and ingredients from the contents and releases toxic substances.

Food manufacturers indicate that shelf life applies not only to the product itself, but also to the packaging. This is most true for canned goods. For example, a toxic substance - biphenol - can be found in them.

Plastic film containing biphenol is used to line the inside of cans to prevent the metal from coming into contact with food. From here biphenol can pass into the contents.

It is advisable to replace canned food with fresh or frozen foods.

Transfer food from opened cans into glass containers, even if we are talking about short-term storage (under the influence of oxygen, the corrosion of cans increases sharply and the content of lead and tin in food begins to increase rapidly).

Toxins can accumulate in the body for years, undermining your health. Even small amounts are poisonous if exposed for a long time.

Buy food, plastic utensils and cling film only from reputable manufacturers and only from reliable stores.

Today, there are disposable tableware made from environmentally friendly materials - reed, bamboo, eggshell-based, as well as paper tableware made from cardboard.

An alternative to plastic today is eco-friendly disposable tableware.

ADDITIONALLY

Labeling of plastic utensils

To simplify the sorting of plastic, a special international marking has been developed - triangles formed by arrows with a number inside. The number indicating the type of plastic is located inside the triangle. Below the triangle is a letter abbreviation indicating the type of plastic.

When purchasing plastic utensils, be sure to pay attention to the labeling

PET Polyethylene terephthalate: bottles for carbonated drinks, water, juices, dairy products, vegetable oils, cosmetic products, etc.

Frozen prepared meals in trays that can be reheated in the microwave or oven are made from crystallized polyethylene terephthalate. Its properties remain unchanged in the range from -40º to +250ºС. True, some brands may lose the necessary heat resistance after being subjected to deep cooling.

Buy drinks only in PET bottles and do not reuse them.

PP Polypropylene: medical products, bottle caps, hot dishes, food packaging film

Dishes made of polypropylene (PP marking) are safer. The polypropylene glass can withstand temperatures up to +100°C. You can drink hot tea or coffee from polypropylene glasses; you can heat food in the microwave in plates made from it. But upon contact with strong drinks and alcohol, it releases formaldehyde or phenol. If you drink vodka from such a glass, not only your kidneys, but also your eyesight will suffer. Formaldehyde is also considered a carcinogen.

PS Polystyrene: disposable tableware, cups for dairy products, yogurt, electrical insulating film

Polystyrene is indifferent to cold liquids. But when polystyrene dishes come into contact with hot water or alcohol, they begin to release toxic compounds (monomers) - styrene. It is not recommended to place hot foods in polystyrene plates. Polystyrene plates are often used in summer cafes for barbecue. And along with hot meat and ketchup, the client also receives a dose of toxins - styrene, which accumulate in the liver and kidneys.

Disposable cups can only be used for water. It is better not to drink sour juices, sodas, hot and strong drinks from them. Some coffee machines use polystyrene cups. That is, you cannot drink hot coffee or tea from them.

When purchasing instant products (those that just need to be poured with boiling water), pay attention to the packaging (cup, bag, plate). Although Rospotrebnadzor and certification bodies monitor the safety of materials, nevertheless, manufacturers often use polystyrene packaging. Therefore, it is better to transfer the products into ceramic or enamel dishes and then pour boiling water over them.

Cool food before storing it in a container. For hot food and microwave ovens, use only special containers.

Cookware marked PS is intended for cold liquids only.

If there is no marking on the plastic, you can distinguish PS from PP by touch - polystyrene crunches and breaks, and polypropylene wrinkles. Also, the main distinctive feature of polystyrene bottles is the bluish color of the container. And when pressing with a fingernail on PS plastic, a whitish scar (stripe) always remains; on PP plastic, the container will remain smooth.

HDP High Density Polyethylene: packaging bags, garbage bags

PVC Polyvinyl chloride: construction and finishing materials, furniture, shoes, medical products, water bottles, cling film

The synthetic poison dioxin can be released from PVC utensils in cases of heating food in microwave ovens or freezing water in freezers. Dioxins accumulate in human adipose tissue and are not eliminated from the body for a very long time (up to 30 years). Dioxin released causes cancer (especially breast cancer).

LDP Low density polyethylene (low pressure): bottles for detergents and edible vegetable oils, toys, pipes, plastic bags.

Other types of plastic are multilayer packaging or combined plastic.

Mayonnaise, ketchup and other sauces, seasonings, juices, jams, ready-made soups and cereals that require heating, sold in bags. Such bags are made from multilayer combined films. The choice of film depends on the properties of the product, the period and conditions of its storage. Soups, cereals, and main courses are packaged in bags made of films that have a high melting point. Dishes in such packaging can be heated in the microwave or boiled directly in the bag. Such dishes can withstand temperatures from -40 to +230° C or more. But physiologists still advise eating them less often.

Dishes made of melamine (polymerized formaldehyde) - it is white, shiny (reminiscent of porcelain), weighs lighter, and does not break. When tapped, melamine dishes produce not a ringing sound, but a dull sound.

Dangerous melamine products are often found in children's dinnerware sets.

Using such utensils is extremely dangerous. To make the dishes stronger, asbestos can be added to it, which is prohibited even in construction (such dishes come to Russia from Turkey, Jordan and China). It cannot be used for hot food. When hot water is poured into melamine dishes, formaldehyde begins to dissolve in the water. Formaldehyde and asbestos can cause cancer. To ensure that the design on such a plate lasts for a long time, paints containing heavy metals, primarily lead, are used.