And they look like cute children in the photo!
But in reality they are cruel criminals-murderers!
Let's look further!
Mary Bell
Mary Bell is one of the most "famous" girls in British history. In 1968, at the age of 11, together with her 13-year-old friend Norma, two months apart, she strangled two boys, 4 and 3 years old. The press around the world called this girl a "tainted seed", "the spawn of the devil" and a "monster child". Mary and Norma lived next door to each other in one of the most deprived areas of Newcastle, in families where large families and poverty habitually coexisted and where children spent most of their time playing unsupervised in the streets or in rubbish dumps. Norma's family had 11 children, Mary's parents had four. The father pretended to be her uncle so that the family would not lose benefits for a single mother. “Who wants to work? - he was sincerely surprised. “Personally, I don’t need money, as long as it’s enough for a pint of ale in the evening.” Mary's mother, a wayward beauty, suffered from mental problems since childhood - for example, for many years she refused to eat with her family unless food was placed in a corner under her chair. Mary was born when her mother was only 17 years old, shortly after an unsuccessful attempt to poison herself with pills. Four years later, the mother tried to poison her own daughter. Relatives took an active part in the child's fate, but the survival instinct taught the girl the art of building a wall between herself and the outside world. This feature of Mary, along with her wild imagination, cruelty, and outstanding childish mind, was noted by everyone who knew her. The girl never allowed herself to be kissed or hugged, she tore into shreds the ribbons and dresses given by her aunts. At night she moaned in her sleep and jumped up a hundred times because she was afraid to wet herself. She loved to fantasize, talking about her uncle's horse farm and the beautiful black stallion she supposedly owned. She said that she wanted to become a nun because nuns were “good.” And I read the Bible all the time. She had about five of them. In one of the Bibles she pasted a list of all her deceased relatives, their addresses and dates of death...
Jon Venables and Robert Thompson
17 years ago, Jon Venables and his friend, the same scum as Venables, but only named Robert Thompson, were sentenced to life in prison, despite the fact that they were ten years old at the time of the murder. Their crime sent shockwaves throughout Britain. In 1993, Venables and Thompson stole a two-year-old boy from a Liverpool supermarket, the same James Bulger, where he was with his mother, dragged him onto the railway, brutally beat him with sticks, doused him with paint and left him to die on the tracks, hoping that the baby would be run over by a train. , and his death will be considered an accident.
Alice Bustamant
A 15-year-old girl killed her younger neighbor and hid the body. Alice Bustamant planned the murder, choosing the right time, and on October 21st she attacked a neighbor's girl, began to strangle her, slit her throat and stabbed her. A police sergeant who questioned the child killer after 9-year-old Elizabeth disappeared said Bustamante confessed to where she hid the slain fourth-grader's body and led officers to a wooded area where the body was located. She stated that she wanted to know how the killers felt.
George Junius Stinney Jr.
Although there was a lot of political and racial mistrust surrounding the case, most accepted that this Stinney guy was guilty of murdering two girls. It was 1944, Stinney was 14, he killed two girls, ages 11 and 8, and dumped their bodies in a ravine. He apparently wanted to rape the 11-year-old, but the younger one interfered with him, and he decided to get rid of her. Both girls resisted and he beat them with a baton. He was charged with first degree murder, found guilty and sentenced to death. The sentence was carried out in the state of South Carolina.
Bari Lucatis
In 1996, Barry Loukatis put on his best cowboy suit and headed into the office where his class was about to have an algebra lesson. Most of his classmates found Barry's costume ridiculous, and himself even stranger than usual. They didn’t know what the suit was hiding, but there were two pistols, a rifle and 78 rounds of ammunition. He opened fire, his first victim being 14-year-old Manuel Vela. A few seconds later, several more people fell victims. He began to take hostages, but made one tactical mistake: he allowed the wounded to be taken away, and at the moment when he was distracted, the teacher snatched the rifle from him.
Kipland Kinkel
On May 20, 1998, Kinkel was expelled from school for trying to buy stolen weapons from a classmate. He confessed to his crime and was released from the police. At home, his father told him that he would have been sent to boarding school if he had not cooperated with the police. At 3:30 p.m., Kip pulled out his rifle, hidden in his parents' room, loaded it, walked into the kitchen and shot his father. At 18:00 the mother returned. Kinkel told her he loved her and shot her - twice in the back of the head, three times in the face and once in the heart. He later claimed that he wanted to protect his parents from any embarrassment they might have because of his legal troubles. Kinkel put his mother's body in the garage and his father's body in the bathroom. All night he listened to the same song from the movie Romeo and Juliet. On May 21, 1998, Kinkel drove his mother's Ford to school. He put on a long waterproof coat to hide his weapons: a hunting knife, a rifle and two pistols, as well as ammunition. He killed two students and wounded 24. As he reloaded his pistol, several students managed to disarm him. In November 1999, Kinkel was sentenced to 111 years in prison without the possibility of parole. At his sentencing, Kinkel apologized to the court for the murders of his parents and school students.
Cindy Collier and Shirley Wolfe
In 1983, Cindy Collier and Shirley Wolfe began looking for victims for their entertainment. Usually it was vandalism or car theft, but one day the girls showed how sick they really were. One day they knocked on the door of an unfamiliar house, and an elderly woman opened it. Seeing two young girls of 14-15 years old, the old woman without hesitation let them into the house, hoping for an interesting conversation over a cup of tea. And she received it, the girls chatted for a long time with the sweet old lady, entertaining her with interesting stories. Shirley grabbed the old woman by the neck and held her, and Cindy went to the kitchen to get a knife to give it to Shirley. After receiving the knife, Shirley stabbed the old woman 28 times. The girls fled the crime scene, but were soon arrested.
Joshua Phyllis
Joshua Phillips was 14 when his neighbor went missing in 1998. Seven days later, his mother began to notice an unpleasant odor coming from under the bed. Under the bed she discovered the body of the missing girl, who had been beaten to death. When she asked her son, he said that he accidentally hit the girl in the eye with a bat, she started screaming, he panicked and began hitting her until she was silent. The jury didn't believe his story, and he was charged with first-degree murder.
Vili Bosket
By the age of 15, in 1978, Vili Bosquet's record already included more than 2,000 crimes in New York. He never knew his father, but he knew that the man had been convicted of murder and considered it a "courageous" crime. At that time, in the United States, according to the criminal code, there was no criminal liability for minors, so Bosquet boldly walked the streets with a knife or pistol in his pocket. Ironically, it was he who became the precedent for revising this provision. Under the new law, children as young as 13 can be tried as adults for excessive cruelty.
Jesse Pomeroy
The most famous - or rather infamous - of all the young children of murderers was Jesse Pomeroy (70s of the 19th century, USA, Boston), who occupies about the same place among the young children of murderers as Jack the Ripper among adults. Jesse Pomeroy became a legendary figure; if he had not been caught at the age of 14, he would undoubtedly have turned into the American equivalent of Peter Kurten. Jesse Pomeroy was a tall, gangly teenager with a cleft lip and an eyesore. He was a sadist and almost certainly homosexual. In 1871-1872, many parents in Boston were worried about an unknown young man who seemed to harbor a wild anger towards children younger than himself. On December 22, 1871, he tied a boy named Payne to a crossbar and beat him unconscious on Towder Horn Hill. A similar thing happened in February 1872: a young child, Tracy Hayden, was lured to the same place, stripped naked, beaten with a rope until he lost consciousness, and hit in the face with a board so hard that his nose was broken and several teeth were knocked out. In July, a boy named Johnny Blach was beaten there. The attacker then dragged him to a nearby cove and “washed” his wounds with salt water. In September, he tied Robert Gould to a telegraph pole near the Hatford-Erie railroad track, beat him and cut him with a knife. Three more cases soon followed one after another, each time the victims were children of seven or eight years old. He lured all the victims to a secluded place, stripped them naked, and then stabbed them with a knife or stabbed them with pins. Judging by the descriptions, Jesse Pomeroy's appearance was so unusual that it did not take long to arrest him on suspicion of brutal beatings. The victim's children identified him. Jesse Pomeroy was sentenced to Westboro Reformatory School. At that time he was 12 years old. After 18 months, in February 1874, he was released and allowed to return home. A month later, a ten-year-old girl, Mary Curran, disappeared. Four weeks later, on April 22, near Dorchester, a suburb of Boston, the mutilated body of a four-year-old girl, Horatia Mullen, was found: there were 41 knife wounds on it, and the head was almost completely cut off from the body. Jesse Pomeroy immediately came under suspicion. A knife covered in blood stains was found in his room, and the dirt on his shoes was similar to the soil from the place where the child was found. Jesse Pomeroy confessed to killing the children. Soon after this, his mother had to move out of the house - probably because of the scandal. The new tenant decided to expand the basement. Workers digging through the dirt floor found the decomposed body of a little girl. Merry Curran's parents identified their daughter by her clothes. Jesse Pomeroy confessed to this murder as well. On December 10, Jesse Pomeroy was sentenced to death by hanging, but execution was delayed due to the young age of the criminal - he was 14 years old. The punishment was commuted - which can be called to some extent inhumane - to life imprisonment in solitary confinement. Jesse Pomeroy later made several attempts to escape from prison. One of them suggests that he developed suicidal tendencies.
A Korean man living in Japan is sentenced to death by hanging for the murder and rape of two women. The film begins with the execution of a death sentence, but it is not crowned with success: somehow the person sentenced to death survives. Witnesses and executors of the sentence (the Prosecutor, his secretary, representatives of the prison administration, prison employees, a priest and a doctor - in the future I will simply call them “executioners”) begin a long debate about how to determine the future fate of the surviving criminal. Everyone, of course, had different views on this matter. The situation was complicated by the fact that R, who woke up after hanging, completely lost his memory. As a result, the “executioners” came to the conclusion that it was necessary to first restore R’s memory and then hang him again
As you know, in Japan to this day the death penalty exists as the ultimate punishment for especially dangerous criminals. In this film, the director reflects on the topic of whether there is a line between legal execution, which is ordered by the people represented by the state, and illegal murder, which is committed by a criminal. Who should pay for this state-sanctioned murder? What about the possibility that the man who was just hanged did not actually kill anyone? In this case, should the state show the same remorse for the criminal act that a criminal must show before execution?
In addition to the controversial issue of the nature of the death penalty, the director touches on one very pressing problem of post-war Japanese society: the problem of discrimination against Zainichi Koreans (???) an ethnic group of Koreans who immigrated to Japan before 1945 and subsequently became its citizens. Ostensibly restoring R’s memory, the “executioners,” whose idea of Koreans is built on stupid stereotypes, defined R’s childhood as poor and unhappy, because, in their opinion, his family probably had no money, and his father and brothers drank heavily. And in general, R simply had no chance for a happy life, because he is Korean - a representative of a “lower race”. The hatred with which the Japanese treat migrants reminds us of the relationship between those who condemn and those who are condemned. The “executioners” decide that R was driven to murder by his carnal desires, but by reenacting the moments of the murder, the “executioners” themselves reveal their true nature and their own dark fantasies. It turned out that representatives of the law were more obsessed with the ideas of crime than any other criminal. An absurd situation is created when potential criminals are given the power to bring justice to other criminals who have already committed an illegal act.
The unexpected appearance of Sister R, who inspires her brother that he was an ardent nationalist, also makes sense to show a certain stereotype that Koreans, due to their own poverty and the anger that arises from this, have no choice but to take revenge on the Japanese (for example, rape and kill them women) and ruin their lives in every possible way.
By criticizing the socio-economic and socio-cultural barriers between people of different nationalities, the director condemns the stupid prejudices that arise in society.
Thus, the director created the greatest picture, which can be described as a vicious satire about a society that, without noticing it, creates a favorable atmosphere for crime to flourish, and in some situations itself becomes a murderer, without thinking about the criminality of its own actions.
GARROTTE.
A device that strangles a person to death. Used in Spain until 1978, when the death penalty was abolished. This type of execution was performed on a special chair with a metal hoop placed around the neck. Behind the criminal was the executioner, who activated a large screw located behind him. Although the device itself has not been legalized in any country, training in its use is still carried out in the French Foreign Legion.
There were several versions of the garrote, at first it was just a stick with a loop, then a more “terrible” instrument of death was invented. And the “humanity” was that a sharp bolt was mounted into this hoop, at the back, which stuck into the neck of the condemned person, crushing his spine, getting to the spinal cord. In relation to the criminal, this method was considered “more humane” because death came faster than with a regular noose. This type of death penalty is still common in India. Garrote was also used in America, long before the electric chair was invented. Andorra was the last country in the world to outlaw its use in 1990.
SCAPHISM.
The name of this torture comes from the Greek “scaphium”, which means “trough”. Scaphism was popular in ancient Persia. The victim was placed in a shallow trough and wrapped in chains, given milk and honey to induce severe diarrhea, then the victim’s body was coated with honey, thereby attracting various kinds of living creatures. Human excrement also attracted flies and other nasty insects, which literally began to devour the person and lay eggs in his body. The victim was fed this cocktail every day, in order to prolong the torture, attracting more insects that would feed and breed within his increasingly dead flesh. Death ultimately occurred, probably due to a combination of dehydration and septic shock, and was painful and prolonged.
HANGING, Evisceration and Quartering. Half-hanging, drawing and quartering.
Execution of Hugh le Despenser the Younger (1326). Miniature from "Froissart" by Louis van Gruuthuze. 1470s.
Hanging, drawing and quartering (eng. hanged, drawn and quartered) is a type of capital punishment that arose in England during the reign of King Henry III (1216-1272) and his successor Edward I (1272-1307) and was officially established in 1351 as punishments for men found guilty of treason.
The condemned were tied to a wooden sled that resembled a piece of wicker fence, and dragged by horses to the place of execution, where they were successively hanged (without allowing them to suffocate to death), castrated, gutted, quartered and beheaded. The remains of those executed were displayed in the most famous public places of the kingdom and capital, including London Bridge. Women sentenced to death for treason were burned at the stake for reasons of “public decency.”
The severity of the sentence was dictated by the seriousness of the crime. High treason, which jeopardized the authority of the monarch, was considered an act deserving extreme punishment - and, although during the entire time it was practiced, several of those convicted had their sentence commuted and they were subjected to a less cruel and shameful execution, most of the traitors to the English crown (including many Catholic priests executed in the Elizabethan era, and a group of regicides involved in the death of King Charles I in 1649) were subject to the highest sanction of medieval English law.
Although the Act of Parliament defining treason remains part of current UK law, the reform of the British legal system that lasted most of the 19th century replaced execution by hanging, drawing and quartering by horse-drawn and hanging. to death, posthumous beheading and quartering, then declared obsolete and abolished in 1870.
The above-mentioned execution process can be observed in more detail in the film “Braveheart”. The participants of the Gunpowder Plot, led by Guy Fawkes, were also executed, who managed to escape from the arms of the executioner with a noose around his neck, jump from the scaffold and break his neck.
BREAKING BY TREES - Russian version of quartering.
They bent two trees and tied the executed person to the tops of their heads and released them “to freedom.” The trees unbent - tearing apart the executed man.
LIFTING ON PEAKS OR STAKES.
A spontaneous execution, usually carried out by a crowd of armed people. Usually practiced during all kinds of military riots and other revolutions and civil wars. The victim was surrounded on all sides, spears, pikes or bayonets were stuck into her carcass from all sides, and then synchronously, on command, they were lifted up until she stopped showing signs of life.
PICTURE PLANTING
Impalement is a type of death penalty in which the condemned person is impaled on a vertical, sharpened stake. In most cases, the victim was impaled on the ground, in a horizontal position, and then the stake was installed vertically. Sometimes the victim was impaled on an already placed stake.
Impalement was widely used in ancient Egypt and the Middle East. The first mentions date back to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. e. Execution became especially widespread in Assyria, where impalement was a common punishment for residents of rebellious cities, therefore, for instructive purposes, scenes of this execution were often depicted on bas-reliefs. This execution was used according to Assyrian law and as a punishment for women for abortion (considered as a variant of infanticide), as well as for a number of particularly serious crimes. On Assyrian reliefs there are 2 options: in one of them, the condemned person was pierced with a stake through the chest, in the other, the tip of the stake entered the body from below, through the anus. Execution was widely used in the Mediterranean and the Middle East at least from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. e. It was also known to the Romans, although it was not particularly widespread in Ancient Rome.
For much of medieval history, impalement was very common in the Middle East, where it was one of the main methods of painful capital punishment.
Impalement was quite common in Byzantium, for example Belisarius suppressed soldier mutinies by impaling the instigators.
The Romanian ruler Vlad the Impaler (Romanian: Vlad Tepes - Vlad Dracula, Vlad the Impaler, Vlad Kololyub, Vlad the Piercer) distinguished himself with particular cruelty. According to his instructions, the victims were impaled on a thick stake, the top of which was rounded and oiled. The stake was inserted into the vagina (the victim died almost within a few minutes from heavy uterine bleeding) or anus (death occurred from a rupture of the rectum and developed peritonitis, the person died within several days in terrible agony) to a depth of several tens of centimeters, then the stake was installed vertically . The victim, under the influence of the weight of his body, slowly slid down the stake, and death sometimes occurred only after a few days, since the rounded stake did not pierce the vital organs, but only went deeper into the body. In some cases, a horizontal crossbar was installed on the stake, which prevented the body from sliding too low and ensured that the stake did not reach the heart and other vital organs. In this case, death from loss of blood did not occur very soon. The usual version of execution was also very painful, and the victims writhed on the stake for several hours.
PASSING UNDER THE KEEL (Keelhauling).
Special naval version. It was used both as a means of punishment and as a means of execution. The offender was tied with a rope to both hands. After which he was thrown into the water in front of the ship, and with the help of the specified ropes, colleagues pulled the patient along the sides under the bottom, taking him out of the water from the stern. The keel and bottom of the ship were slightly more than completely covered with shells and other sea life, so the victim received numerous bruises, cuts and some water in the lungs. After one iteration, as a rule, they survived. Therefore, for execution this had to be repeated 2 or more times.
DROWNING.
The victim is sewn into a bag alone or with different animals and thrown into the water. It was widespread in the Roman Empire. According to Roman criminal law, execution was imposed for the murder of the father, but in reality this punishment was imposed for any murder by a younger person of an elder. A monkey, a dog, a rooster or a snake was placed in the bag with the parricide. It was also used in the Middle Ages. An interesting option is to add quicklime to the bag, so that the executed person will also be scalded before choking.
The main positive brand of France is the revolutionaries of the 1780-1790s. approached the matter responsibly, significantly improving and diversifying the process. Three main "know-how" of the Great French Revolution that undoubtedly significantly advanced humanity in the direction of freedom, equality and fraternity:
1. The crowd is driven into the sea, where they drown cheaply and cheerfully.
2. Execution in wine tanks. Loaded - filled with water - drained - unloaded - loaded the next portion - and so on until the bourgeois issue was completely resolved.
3. In the provinces they didn’t think of such engineering - they simply drove them into barges and sank them. The experience with tanks has not caught on, but barges are used regularly around the world, right up to the present day.
A rare subspecies of the above is drowning in alcohol.
For example, under Ivan the Terrible, those who violated the state monopoly were forced to brew a whole barrel of beer, and to improve the taste, the violating brewer himself was drowned in it. Or they forced me to drink a bucket (or as much as I could) of vodka at a time. However, sometimes the condemned himself wanted to say goodbye to the world, in what he loved most. So George Plantagenet, the first Duke of Clarence, was drowned in a barrel of sweet wine - malvasia for treason.
POURING MOLTEN METAL OR BOILING OIL INTO THE THROAT.
It was used in Rus' during the era of Ivan the Terrible, medieval Europe and the Middle East, by some Indian tribes against the Spanish occupiers. Death occurred from burns to the esophagus and suffocation.
During the Thirty Years' War, captured Protestant Swedes were baptized into Catholicism by pouring molten lead.
As a punishment for counterfeiting, the metal from which the offender cast the coins was often poured in. By the way, the Roman commander Crassus, after his defeat from the Parthians, also learned all the delights of this execution, although with the difference that molten gold was poured down his throat: Crassus was one of the richest Roman citizens. Probably Spartak, in the next world, looked with pleasure at the unappetizing execution of his winner.
The Indians also poured gold down the throats of the Spaniards.
-Are you hungry for gold? We will quench your thirst.
Anyone interested in the video is welcome to watch Game of Thrones: the prince was given the promised crown on his head. In liquid form.
In general, this execution (with gold) is deeply symbolic: the executed person dies from what he most desires.
TO STARVE OR THIRST.
It was used by subtle connoisseurs of the process (sadists), or those trying to persuade a stubborn person to do something.
The Japanese version was last used in the Far East in the 1930s: the person being executed (tortured) with his hands tied is seated at a table, tied to a chair, and every day fresh food and drink are placed in front of him, which is taken away after a while. Many went crazy before they died of hunger or thirst.
With the Chinese, everything was exactly the opposite - the convict was fed, and very well. But they only gave him boiled meat. And nothing more. During the first week, the executed person cannot get enough of such humane conditions of detention. During the second week he begins to feel slightly worse. By the third week he already senses something is wrong and, if he is weak in spirit, falls into hysterics, and after the fourth it usually ends. Of course, there is an alternative - not to eat this very meat. Then you will die of hunger in about the same time.
Stoning is a type of death penalty familiar to the ancient Jews and Greeks.
After the corresponding decision of the authorized legal body (the king or the court), a crowd of citizens gathered and killed the culprit by throwing heavy stones at him.
In Jewish law, stoning was sentenced only for those 18 types of crimes for which the Bible directly prescribes such execution. However, in the Talmud, stoning was replaced by throwing the condemned person onto the stones. According to the Talmud, the condemned person should be thrown from such a height that death occurs instantly, but his body is not disfigured.
Stoning happened like this: the person sentenced by the court was given an extract of narcotic herbs as a painkiller, after which he was thrown from a cliff, and if he did not die from this, one large stone was thrown on top of him.
BURNING.
It was known as a method of capital punishment in Ancient Rome. For example, a Vestal virgin who broke her vow of virginity was buried alive with a supply of food and water for one day (which did not make much sense, since death usually occurs from suffocation within a few hours).
Many Christian martyrs were executed by burial alive. In 945, Princess Olga ordered the Drevlyan ambassadors to be buried alive along with their boat. In medieval Italy, unrepentant murderers were buried alive. In the Zaporozhye Sich, the murderer was buried alive in the same coffin with his victim.
A variant of execution is burying a person in the ground up to his neck, dooming him to a slow death from hunger and thirst. In Russia in the 17th - early 18th centuries, women who killed their husbands were buried alive in the ground up to their necks.
According to the Kharkov Holocaust Museum, a similar type of execution was used by the Nazis against the Jewish population of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
And the Old Believers in Rus' buried themselves in the name of God and for the salvation of the soul. To do this, they dug special dugouts with a hermetically sealed exit - mines; candles were placed in them and a sawn pole in the center. Death was either “easy” or “hard”. A hard death guaranteed good karma, but most people could not bear the torment and chose an easy one, for this it was enough to push a pole in the center of the mine and you would immediately be covered with earth. One such case was described in full documentary detail by V.V. Rozanov in the book “Dark Face. Metaphysics of Christianity" or Borya Chkhartishvili (Akunin) in the story "Before the End of the World".
EMBUTION - a type of death penalty in which a person was placed in a wall under construction or surrounded by blank walls on all sides, after which he died from starvation or dehydration. This distinguishes it from burial alive, where a person died of suffocation.
USING LIVING NATURE.
Since ancient times, man has been finding new ways to put our little brothers in the service of humanity, and execution is no exception. The application is both the largest and the smallest: Indians specially train elephants to crush to death, and Indians launch ants at enemies below their backs (or simply put a person in an anthill).
You can put a rat in a pot, tie it to the victim’s stomach, pour burning coals on top and wait until it eats its way out to escape the heat.
In Siberia, they liked to leave a scoundrel naked in the taiga to be devoured by a midge, capable of drinking all a person’s blood in two days (however, the end will come much earlier, from simuliotoxicosis. Well, as an option - releasing snakes (or rats) into the insides or infecting some disgusting (germs are also living creatures).
In ancient Rome, criminals or Christians were poisoned by wild predators. In addition, for the execution of patricians they used (among others) an extremely interesting method: they were given a knife and thrown with rose petals. The convict had a choice: to kill himself or suffocate from the suffocating smell. The thing is that the flowers emit methanol with some volatile compounds, which in small quantities gives us pleasant aromas, and in large quantities leads to death through poisoning by fumes. By the way, fruits also have a similar effect.
DEFENESTRATION.
Also a type of death penalty, unauthorized, occurring spontaneously, without reading the verdict, but in the presence of a crowd. And, yes, the crowd was waiting for it. Literally - throwing out of a window (Latin fenestra). The victims were thrown out of window openings - onto the pavements, into ditches, into the crowd, or onto spears and pikes raised with their points up. The most famous example is the second Prague defenestration, during which, however, no one died.
This type of execution was first used in Ancient Rome. The subject was a certain young man who betrayed his teacher Cicero. The widow of Quintus (Cicero's brother), having received the right to deal with the Philologist, forced him to cut pieces of meat from his own body, fry and eat them!
However, the real masters in this matter were, of course, the Chinese. There the execution was called Lin-Chi or “death by a thousand cuts.” This is a protracted death by cutting out individual pieces of the body. This type of execution was mainly used in China until 1905. They were convicted of high treason and the murder of their parents. The convicted person was usually tied to some kind of pole, usually in a crowded place, in the squares. And then they slowly cut out pieces of the body. To prevent the prisoner from losing consciousness, he was given a dose of opium.
In his All-Time History of Torture, George Riley Scott quotes from the accounts of two Europeans who had the rare opportunity to witness such an execution: their names were Sir Henry Norman (who witnessed the execution in 1895) and T. T. May-Dows: “There is a basket there, covered with a piece of linen, in which there is a set of knives. Each of these knives is designed for a specific part of the body, as evidenced by the inscriptions engraved on the blade. The executioner takes one of the knives at random from the basket and, based on the inscription, cuts off the corresponding part of the body. However, at the end of the last century, this practice was, in all likelihood, supplanted by another, which left no room for chance and involved cutting off body parts in a certain sequence using a single knife. According to Sir Henry Norman, the condemned man is tied to the likeness of a cross, and the executioner slowly and methodically cuts off first the fleshy parts of the body, then cuts the joints, cuts off individual members of the limbs and ends the execution with one sharp blow to the heart.
Read more about the Chinese punitive system before the 1948 revolution here.
http://ttolk.ru/?p=16004
An analogue of Lin-Chi, skinning a living person has long been practiced in the Middle East. For example, the fourteenth-century Azerbaijani poet Nasimi was executed. Contemporaries are more familiar with Afghan developments in this area.
In the event that we are talking about the death penalty in this way, as a rule, after skinning, they try to save the skin for display for the purpose of intimidation. Most often, the skin was torn off from a person killed in another way - a criminal, an enemy, in some cases - a blasphemer who denied the afterlife (in medieval Europe). Ripping off part of the skin can be part of a magical ritual, as is the case with scalping.
Skin flaying is an ancient, but, nevertheless, still not widely used practice, considered one of the most terrible and painful types of execution. In the chronicles of the ancient Assyrians there are references to the flaying of captured enemies or rebellious rulers, whose entire skins were nailed to the walls of their cities as a warning to all who challenged their authority.
There are also references to the Assyrian practice of "indirectly" punishing a person by flaying his small child before his eyes. The Aztecs in Mexico flayed victims during ritual human sacrifices, but usually after the victim had died. Skinning was sometimes used as part of the public execution of traitors in medieval Europe. A similar method of execution was still used at the beginning of the 18th century in France.
In some chapels in France and England, large pieces of human skin were discovered nailed to the doors. In Chinese history, execution became more widespread than in European history: corrupt officials and rebels were executed this way, and, in addition to execution, there was a separate punishment - ripping off the skin from the face. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was especially “successful” in this execution, who massively used it to punish bribe-taking officials and rebels. In 1396, he ordered 5,000 women accused of treason to be executed in this manner.
The practice of skinning disappeared in Europe at the beginning of the 18th century, and was officially banned in China after the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the republic. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries, isolated cases of flaying occurred in different parts of the world, such as executions in the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in the 1930s.
"The Court of Cambyses", David Gerard, 1498.
Red tulip is another option. The executed person was intoxicated with opium, and then the skin was cut near the neck and torn off, pulling it down to the waist so that it dangled around the hips in long red petals. If the victim did not die immediately from blood loss (and they usually skinned them skillfully, without touching large vessels), then after a few hours, when the effect of the drug ended, they would experience a painful shock and be eaten by insects.
BURNING IN A LOOT.
A type of execution that arose in the Russian state in the 16th century, especially often applied to Old Believers in the 17th century, and used by them as a method of suicide in the 17th-18th centuries.
Burning as a method of execution began to be used quite often in Rus' in the 16th century during the time of Ivan the Terrible. Unlike Western Europe, in Russia those sentenced to burning were executed not at the stake, but in log houses, which made it possible to avoid turning such executions into mass spectacles.
The burning house was a small structure made of logs filled with tow and resin. It was erected specifically for the moment of execution. After reading the verdict, the condemned man was pushed into the log house through the door. Often a log house was made without a door or roof - a structure like a plank fence; in this case, the convict was lowered into it from above. After this, the log house was set on fire. Sometimes a bound suicide bomber was thrown inside an already burning log house.
In the 17th century, Old Believers were often executed in log houses. In this way, Archpriest Avvakum and three of his companions were burned (April 1 (11), 1681, Pustozersk), the German mystic Quirin Kulman (1689, Moscow), and also, as stated in Old Believer sources[which?], an active opponent of the patriarch’s reforms Nikon Bishop Pavel Kolomensky (1656).
In the 18th century, a sect took shape, whose followers considered death through self-immolation a spiritual feat and necessity. Self-immolation in log houses was usually practiced in anticipation of repressive actions by the authorities. When soldiers appeared, the sectarians locked themselves in the house of worship and set it on fire, without entering into negotiations with government officials.
The last known burning in Russian history took place in the 1770s in Kamchatka: a Kamchadal sorceress was burned in a wooden frame on the orders of the captain of the Tengin fortress Shmalev.
HANGING BY THE RIB.
A form of capital punishment in which an iron hook was driven into the victim's side and suspended. Death occurred from thirst and loss of blood within a few days. The victim's hands were tied so that he could not free himself. Execution was common among the Zaporozhye Cossacks. According to legend, Dmitry Vishnevetsky, the founder of the Zaporozhye Sich, the legendary “Baida Veshnevetsky”, was executed in this way.
FRYING ON A FRYING PAN OR IRON GRATE.
The boyar Shchenyatev was fried in a frying pan, and the Aztec king Cuauhtemoc was fried on a grill.
When Cuauhtemoc was roasted on coals along with his secretary, trying to find out where he had hidden the gold, the secretary, unable to withstand the heat, began to beg him to surrender and ask the Spaniards for leniency. Cuauhtemoc mockingly replied that he enjoyed it as if he were lying in a bath.
The secretary didn't say another word.
SICILIAN BULL.
This capital punishment device was developed in ancient Greece for the execution of criminals. Perillos, a coppersmith, invented the bull in such a way that the inside of the bull was hollow. A door was built into this device on the side. The condemned were locked inside the bull, and a fire was set underneath, heating the metal until the man was roasted to death. The bull was designed so that the screams of the prisoner would be converted into the roar of an enraged bull.
FUSTUARY (from Latin fustuarium - beating with sticks; from fustis - stick) - one of the types of executions in the Roman army.
It was also known in the Republic, but came into regular use under the Principate; it was appointed for serious violation of guard duty, theft in the camp, perjury and escape, sometimes for desertion in battle. It was carried out by a tribune who touched the condemned person with a stick, after which the legionnaires beat him to death with stones and sticks. If a whole unit was punished with a fustuary, then all the guilty were rarely executed, as happened in 271 BC. e. with the legion in Rhegium during the war with Pyrrhus. However, taking into account factors such as the soldier’s age, length of service or rank, the fustuary could be cancelled.
WELDING IN LIQUID.
It was a common type of death penalty in different countries of the world. In ancient Egypt, this type of punishment was applied mainly to persons who disobeyed the pharaoh. At dawn, the pharaoh’s slaves (especially so that Ra could see the criminal) lit a huge fire, over which there was a cauldron of water (and not just water, but the dirtiest water, where waste was poured, etc.) Sometimes entire people were executed in this way. family.
This type of execution was widely used by Genghis Khan. In medieval Japan, boiling was used primarily on ninjas who failed to kill and were captured. In France, this penalty was applied to counterfeiters. Sometimes the attackers were boiled in boiling oil. There is evidence of how in 1410 a pickpocket was boiled alive in boiling oil in Paris.
A PIT WITH SNAKES is a type of death penalty in which the executed person is placed with poisonous snakes, which should have resulted in his quick or painful death. Also one of the methods of torture.
It arose a very long time ago. Executioners quickly found practical use for poisonous snakes, which caused painful death. When a person was thrown into a pit filled with snakes, the disturbed reptiles began to bite him.
Sometimes prisoners were tied up and slowly lowered into a hole on a rope; This method was often used as torture. Moreover, they tortured this way not only in the Middle Ages; during the Second World War, Japanese militarists tortured prisoners during battles in South Asia.
Often the interrogated person was brought to the snakes, his legs pressed against them. A popular torture used on women was when the interrogated woman was brought a snake to her bare chest. They also loved to bring poisonous reptiles to women’s faces. But in general, snakes that were dangerous and lethal to humans were rarely used during torture, since there was a risk of losing a prisoner who did not testify.
The plot of execution through a pit with snakes has long been known in German folklore. Thus, the Elder Edda tells how King Gunnar was thrown into a snake pit on the orders of the Hun leader Attila.
This type of execution continued to be used in subsequent centuries. One of the most famous cases is the death of the Danish king Ragnar Lothbrok. In 865, during a Danish Viking raid on the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, their king Ragnar was captured and, on the orders of King Aella, was thrown into a pit with poisonous snakes, dying a painful death.
This event is often mentioned in folklore in both Scandinavia and Britain. The plot of Ragnar's death in the snake pit is one of the central events of two Icelandic legends: “The Saga of Ragnar Leatherpants (and his sons)” and “The Strands of the Sons of Ragnar.”
WICKER MAN
A human-shaped cage made of willow twigs, which, according to Julius Caesar's Notes on the Gallic War and Strabo's Geography, the Druids used for human sacrifices, burning it along with the people locked there, convicted of crimes or destined for sacrifice to the gods.
At the end of the 20th century, the ritual of burning the “wicker man” was revived in Celtic neo-paganism (in particular, the teachings of Wicca), but without the accompanying sacrifice.
EXECUTION BY ELEPHANTS.
For thousands of years, it was a common method of killing prisoners sentenced to death in the countries of South and Southeast Asia and especially in India. Asian elephants were used to crush, dismember, or torture prisoners in public executions.
Trained animals were versatile, capable of killing victims outright or torturing them slowly over long periods of time. In service to rulers, elephants were used to show the ruler's absolute power and his ability to control wild animals.
The sight of prisoners of war being executed by elephants usually aroused horror, but at the same time also the interest of European travelers and was described in many contemporary magazines and stories about the life of Asia. The practice was eventually suppressed by the European empires that colonized the region where execution was common in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although execution by elephants was primarily an Asian practice, the practice was sometimes used by ancient Western powers, particularly Rome and Carthage, primarily to deal with rebellious soldiers.
IRON MAIDEN.
An instrument of capital punishment or torture, which was a cabinet made of iron in the form of a woman dressed in the costume of a 16th-century townswoman. It is assumed that having placed the convict there, the cabinet was closed, and the sharp long nails with which the inner surface of the chest and arms of the “iron maiden” were seated were pierced into his body; then, after the death of the victim, the movable bottom of the cabinet was lowered, the body of the executed person was thrown into the water and carried away by the current.
The “Iron Maiden” dates back to the Middle Ages, but in fact the weapon was not invented until the end of the 18th century.
There is no reliable information about the use of the iron maiden for torture and execution. There is an opinion that it was fabricated during the Enlightenment.
Additional torment was caused by the cramped conditions - death did not occur for hours, so the victim could suffer from claustrophobia.
For the comfort of the executioners, the thick walls of the device muffled the screams of those being executed. The doors closed slowly. Subsequently, one of them could be opened so that the executioners could check the condition of the subject. The spikes pierced the arms, legs, stomach, eyes, shoulders and buttocks. Moreover, apparently, the nails inside the “iron maiden” were located in such a way that the victim did not die immediately, but after quite a long time, during which the judges had the opportunity to continue the interrogation.
DEVIL'S WIND (English Devil wind, also a variant of the English Blowing from guns - literally "Blowing from guns") is known in Russia as the "English execution" - the name of a type of death penalty that consisted of tying a condemned person to the muzzle of a cannon and then shooting from it. through the victim's body with a blank charge.
This type of execution was developed by the British during the Sepoy Mutiny (1857-1858) and was actively used by them to kill rebels.
Vasily Vereshchagin, who studied the use of this execution before painting his painting “The Suppression of the Indian Uprising by the British” (1884), wrote the following in his memoirs: “Modern civilization was scandalized mainly by the fact that the Turkish massacre was carried out close, in Europe, and then the means of execution the atrocities were too reminiscent of Tamerlane’s times: they chopped, cut the throats, like sheep.
The case with the British is different: firstly, they did the work of justice, the work of retribution for the trampled rights of the victors, far away, in India; secondly, they did the job on a grand scale: they tied hundreds of sepoys and non-sepoys who rebelled against their rule to the muzzles of cannons and, without a shell, with only gunpowder, they shot them - this is already a great success against cutting their throats or ripping open their stomachs.<...>I repeat, everything is done methodically, in a good way: the guns, however many there are, are lined up in a row, one more or less criminal Indian citizen, of different ages, professions and castes, is slowly brought to each barrel and tied by the elbows, and then team, all guns fire at once.
They are not afraid of death as such, and execution does not frighten them; but what they are avoiding, what they are afraid of, is the need to appear before the highest judge in an incomplete, tormented state, without a head, without arms, with a lack of limbs, and this is not only probable, but even inevitable when shot from cannons.
A remarkable detail: while the body is shattered into pieces, all the heads, detached from the body, spiral upward. Naturally, they are then buried together, without strictly distinguishing which of the yellow gentlemen belongs to this or that part of the body. This circumstance, I repeat, greatly frightens the natives, and it was the main motive for introducing execution by shooting from cannons in especially important cases, such as, for example, during uprisings.
It is difficult for a European to understand the horror of an Indian of a high caste when he only needs to touch a fellow low caste: he must, in order not to close off the possibility of salvation, wash himself and make sacrifices after that endlessly. It’s also terrible that under modern conditions, for example, on the railways you have to sit elbow to elbow with everyone - and here it can happen, no more, no less, that the head of a Brahmin with three cords will lie in eternal rest near the spine of a pariah - brrr ! This thought alone makes the soul of the most determined Hindu tremble!
I say this very seriously, in full confidence that no one who has been in those countries or who has impartially familiarized themselves with their descriptions will contradict me.”
(Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 in the memoirs of V.V. Vereshchagin.)
Anyone who still wants to enjoy this topic can read the book “Torture Stories of All Time” by George Riley Scott.
May 20th, 2012
Today, the death penalty on our planet has been abolished in an area equal to South America... So
that if you think that the electric chair is a relic of the past, you are sadly mistaken. Is it true,
the guillotine is no longer used - since 1939...
It's terrible, but everything you read about in the most terrible books is in democratic North America
still exists happily... And this country still has something to boast about in terms of weapons
executions, and in different states they have very different modifications!.. And it all started with the courts
Lynching - that is, mass hangings...
Sometimes the perpetrators were also burned to be sure...
Blacks were hanged, at least in the South, everywhere (lynching had a huge number of victims in the 20th century, in 1901
130 people were lynched last year...
Indians were often executed by punitive forces who took revenge for the slaughter of the white population. In the Wild West at the same time
sheriffs acted and executed at their own discretion (sometimes with their own hands). The death penalty was used in the USA
also for political reasons against socialists, communists, anarchists.
By the end of the 19th century, they were no longer hanged somehow, but professionally. A “professional” gallows, so to speak, was approved,
on which people of any height could be hanged... She is in front of you...
The prisoner's hands were necessarily tied...
And a special bag was put on the head so that those watching the execution would not be shocked by the facial expression
hanged man...
At the end of the 19th century, the electric chair was invented in the USA, first used in 1890... It was a breakthrough...
It very soon came into general use and replaced hanging in many states. And also with the advent of the chair
came up with so-called “open executions”, where the city administration was invited (in special cases
state) and relatives of the victim of the criminal...
Gradually the chair was improved and improved...
They began to put a special mask on the condemned person’s head...
Separate contacts are attached to the hands...
But these improvements made little difference to the prisoner’s suffering...
Although death comes quickly for the average person, there are cases in the history of executions where the condemned
I had to “kill” 20-30 minutes...
The Americans introduced the gas chamber even earlier than in Germany, namely in 1924...
Potassium cyanide vapor is used for execution, and if the convict breathes deeply, death occurs almost
immediately...
Then a truly hellish invention appeared - the Chair of Death. The method is still performed in Utah and Idaho.
as an alternative to lethal injection. To carry out the execution, the prisoner is tied to a chair with leather straps.
across the waist and head. The stool is surrounded by sandbags that absorb blood. The black hood is worn on
the head of the condemned man. The doctor locates the heart and attaches a round target. At a distance of 20
feet there are five shooters. Each of them aims a rifle through a slit in the canvas and fires. Prisoner
dies as a result of blood loss caused by rupture of the heart or large blood vessel, or rupture
lungs. If the arrows miss the heart, either by accident or on purpose, the condemned man dies a slow death...
Soon the last type of American execution appeared, now the most common, and in many states the only one:
lethal injection... In front of you is a special couch (gurney) for those sentenced...
The composition of the lethal injection was developed by physician Stanley Deutsch. It consists of three chemical components. First
the substance - sodium pentothal - plunges the condemned into deep sleep. Pavulon - paralyzes the muscles. Finally,
Potassium chloride stops the heart muscle. After examination at the University of Texas, this
the method was approved. It soon became widespread. Opponents of the death penalty gave him
the name of the "Texas cocktail". Today, of the 38 states that, after 1976, reintroduced
the death penalty, only Nebraska does not resort to injections, preferring the electric chair.
Poisons are stored this way...
A prisoner is killed by poison injected into a vein in his right leg...
But the most terrible state of affairs with executions is still in Asia and the Middle East... Means still exist here
executions used since ancient times: stoning, beheading with a sword and hanging. The frame is in front of you
city execution - a man is simply lynched by a crowd...
But these quite decent people throw these stones at him...
And they are simply trying to dissuade the guilty person...
A corpse being dragged to be shown to the “boss”...
Hanging...
And just lynching...
And in China, execution is still widely used. Brothel keepers are shot in this country,
dishonest officials, dissidents, etc., etc....
Moreover, especially mass executions occur before the New Year...
Among other things, such sentences are passed publicly, in front of a large crowd of people...
The execution is carried out by conscript soldiers...
And the bodies are buried in specially designated places - they are not given to relatives...
Russia... On May 16, 1996, Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued a decree “On the gradual reduction
application of the death penalty in connection with Russia’s entry into the Council of Europe.” Since August 1996, in accordance with this
By decree, death sentences are not carried out. Death row inmates are serving life sentences...
Here is a very rare photograph of prisoners of the Orenburg prison "Black Dolphin"...
There are three more similar prisons in Russia. They don't come out. Nobody ever. So human rights activists joke bitterly, “If only they
the inhabitants were able to vote on the use of the death penalty, the majority of them would vote in favor.
Look how discreet it looks, this most famous prison in Russia... Those who are inside this
red brick building dating back to Catherine's time, when there was already lifelong hard labor here, never
we didn’t see the sculptures of those same dolphins from the fountains that gave this terrible establishment such
poetic title...
Today in Russia there are over three and a half thousand people sentenced to life
conclusion. And "Black Dolphin" is today the largest specialized prison for death row...
Due to irreversible damage to the cerebral cortex. Cardiac activity continues for some time after breathing has stopped. Since the second half of the 19th century, in many countries, the death penalty has used a type of hanging, in which the body of the convicted person is not simply deprived of support and hangs on a rope, but falls from a great height (several meters) through a hatch. In this case, death occurs not from asphyxia in a few minutes, but from rupture of the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord almost instantly. With such a hanging, it is necessary to calculate the length of the rope depending on the weight of the condemned person so that the head does not separate from the body (in the UK there was an “official table of falls” (Eng. Official Table of Drops) for rope length calculations). The separation of the head from the body took place, in particular, during the execution of Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti.
Story
Murder by hanging was first used by the ancient Celts, making human sacrifices to the air god Esus. Cervantes (17th century) mentions execution by hanging.
In Russia, hanging was practiced during the imperial period (for example, the execution of the Decembrists, “Stolypin ties”, etc.) and by warring parties during the civil war.
Later hanging was practiced in a short period of wartime and the first post-war years in relation to war criminals and persons collaborating with the Nazis (in particular, generals Vlasov, Krasnov, Shkuro, Colonel Girey-Sultan Klych, Ataman Semyonov, defendants in the Krasnodar trial, etc. were executed by hanging .) - see Decree “On punitive measures for Nazi villains...”. At the Nuremberg trials, 12 senior leaders of the Third Reich were sentenced to death by hanging.
In the occupied territories, execution by hanging was practiced by the German authorities against partisans and underground fighters. In Japan, the Soviet intelligence officer Richard Sorge was hanged.
In some countries of central Europe (Germany, Austria, Switzerland and some others) in the Middle Ages and Modern times, the place for hanging was called Galgenberg (Galgenhügel, Galgenbühl).
Sometimes the expression “Stolypin tie” is used as a synonym for the death penalty by hanging (a statement by F.I. Rodichev, deputy of the 2nd State Duma from the Constitutional Democratic Party. The reason for it was a report presented to the Duma by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire, Pyotr Stolypin).
Currently, hanging is used as the only or one of several types of death penalty provided for by law in a number of countries, including Japan, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, both Koreas, and the USA.
Hanging in forensics
According to the method of application, loops with single, double and multiple turns are distinguished; in turn, multi-turn loops can have parallel, touching and intersecting turns. Often, materials that are at hand are used for suffocation, for example, parts of a toilet, or objects to which the deceased, due to his profession, had access: bandages, electrical wire, waist belts, scarves, stockings. The direction of tension can be determined by the direction of the fibers of the rope - in particular, if the tension occurred in the direction opposite to the gravity of the body, this leads to the conclusion that a murder took place. It is also necessary to pay attention to the node - it can indicate a person’s professional skills and sometimes serves as a determining factor in the investigation.
The main sign of hanging is a strangulation groove, which is an imprint of a noose on the neck and often repeats the structure of the material from which the noose was made. When hanging, as a rule, the strangulation groove is not closed, since the ends of the loop rise towards the knot when tensioned. Based on their appearance, the grooves are distinguished: pale, when the material of the loop was soft and the impact of the loop on the neck was short-lived; and brown ones, when the noose was tight and the person was in the noose for a long time.
Rescue of the Hanged
It is quite difficult to save a hanged man. This can only be done if the cervical vertebrae do not have serious damage, and if no more than 3-4 minutes have passed since the hanging (it is extremely rare to find cases of saving a hanged person half an hour after hanging).
First you need to quickly remove the hanged man from the noose. As a rule, it is extremely difficult, and sometimes almost impossible, to break a loop with bare hands, so the loop is usually cut. In everyday life (when attempting suicide), they take a sharp knife, slightly lift the hanged man by the collar or hair and quickly cut the noose, pointing the blade of the knife away from the hanged man’s head. The hanged person is then raised so that when he falls, he does not hit his head on the floor.
Having taken the hanged man out of the noose and laid him on the floor, determine the presence of a pulse and breathing. If not too much time has passed since the hanging, then the hanged person will most likely retain breathing and cardiac activity. In this case, they simply press him to the floor and wait for the cramps to pass (this should happen on their own in a few minutes).
If a lot of time has passed since the hanging, and the victim has no breathing or heartbeat, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but do not tilt the head of the hanged person, for fear of damaging the cervical vertebrae.
It is imperative that every person who has survived a hanging must be taken to a hospital, since with hanging there is always a high risk of adverse complications.
Notes
See also
Links
- Text of standard instructions for organizing hanging, developed by the Department of Corrections of the US State of Delaware (English)
| Death penalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present tense | ||
| Historical views | ||
| Other | The question of the death penalty Executioner | |
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Synonyms:See what “Hanging” is in other dictionaries:
Execution, self-hanging, tie, gallows, noose Dictionary of Russian synonyms. hanging gallows; loop (unfolded); tie (obsolete ironic) Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011… Dictionary of synonyms
HANGING, hangings, many. no, cf. (book). Action under Ch. hang (see hang in 2 meanings. Death penalty by hanging. Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
1) one of the qualified methods of death penalty. In Russia it was first legally provided for in the Council Code of 1649. It was considered a disgraceful punishment. P. was also used as a means of mass intimidation, since the bodies of the hanged... ... Legal dictionary
See hang 1. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
HANGING- HANGING, compression of the neck with a noose tightened by the weight of the body. This type of violent death, excluding the death penalty through P., in the vast majority of cases occurs as suicide and very rarely as an accident; sometimes P... ... Great Medical Encyclopedia
Hanging- (English death by handing) in forensic medicine, a type of mechanical asphyxia that occurs from compression of the neck with a noose tightened under the influence of the weight of one’s own body or part of it. The material and design features of the loop affect... ... Encyclopedia of Law