Bulbous are considered to be those that have, instead of a “standard” rhizome, a bulb that can easily reproduce in favorable conditions. In such a bulb you can always find a round formation in the shape of a bottom, around which the rudiments of the roots are located.
The main feature of bulbous indoor plants is the ability to bloom at any time of the year, including cold autumn and winter periods. This feature is due to the fact that the bulb contains a large amount of nutrients and minerals, which gives them the opportunity to function perfectly at any time of the year.
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Features of reproduction
Bulbous houseplants reproduce from their own bulbs or seeds. If the bulb is cut vertically, then in the middle you can see a small embryo, and around it are the rudiments of future leaves.
There are two types of bulbs - scaly, the most prominent representatives which are considered lilies, and filmy ones: tulips, daffodils or hyacinths.
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The bulbs consist of a large number of scales enclosed in a thin shell. Scales are colorless leaves that store nutrients accumulated during the growth period.
After the end of the flowering period, the old bulb dies, and in its place a new one appears with a pair of small bulbs - embryos. They bloom in the second or third year. This method breeding is natural, but the path to the final result is too long. Few people would like the prospect of waiting more than three years, so some gardeners prefer to use an artificial method - which is faster, more effective and does not require special skills.
The bulbs that remain after the greenery has withered are very depleted. They are carefully removed from the ground and subjected to careful processing. To begin, cut out the bottom and carefully remove the middle part of the onion. Sections at the bottom are treated with a fungicide.
Then the bulbs must be planted bottom up and sprinkled with dry sand. It is recommended to keep them at a temperature of about 22 °C. After two to three months, small bulbs appear at the cutting sites. When they grow up, they are carefully separated from the mother flower, dried a little and planted in a substrate.
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There is another method of reproduction: a relatively quick, but rather labor-intensive process. You can get new plants by breeding using scales. To do this, the leaves (scales) of slightly wilted bulbs are broken out directly from the soil.
Individual scales are treated with a fungicide for several minutes and planted in a ready-made, slightly heated mixture. The substrate is prepared from wet peat and sand in a 1:1 ratio. Sometimes vermiculite is used.
Ready plantings are placed in plastic bag, supply it with air and leave it in a dark and well-ventilated area. Within six to eight weeks you can expect new bulbs to appear. After they grow up, they are planted in small pots.
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Specifics of care and cultivation
Houseplants This species is a heat-loving species, so it is not recommended to place them outside in the cold season. open air. If the plant goes into hibernation, then after the leaves die off it must be left alone, reducing the watering process to a minimum. In the spring it will resume flowering again.
Bulbous indoor flowers They don’t like a lot of dampness, this can cause them to rot. It is best to water them by directing the stream closer to the walls of the pot or from the tray.
Flowers also develop and grow better in a cooler and brighter room, but not cold. Since excessive coolness is very dangerous for the bulbs.
For planting, it is recommended to choose a pot whose height is equal to its length. For bulbous plants excellent option thin porous pots made of lightly fired clay are considered. Under no circumstances should the walls of the pot be glazed.
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Damaged, rotten or stained bulbs should not be planted. Only healthy ones are suitable for breeding. If minor damage is nevertheless detected, the bulbs can be carefully cut off, planted and sprinkled with antifungal agents and charcoal, leaving until complete recovery.
The most common indoor bulbous plants are wallot, lilies, hyacinth, crinum and clivia.
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- The main feature of valotta is its unpretentiousness and exoticism (it grows only in South Africa). No flower required special effort easy to care for and thrives in bright rooms. One of the most suitable places for it is the windowsill.
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- Basic requirements for keeping a lily: space, good lighting and sufficient coolness.
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They are called bulbous because of their peculiar underground stem - the bulb, in which the plant stores nutrients and water for future growth and development. In addition, the bulb is used for propagation.
The bulbs are pear-shaped and formed by fleshy, juicy scales. By cutting the bulb lengthwise, you can see the rudiments of future leaves, which are located near the flower arrow.
The number of leaves of a bulbous plant is strictly determined by the number of these primordia, so you cannot thoughtlessly pick off the leaves of a flower.
Planting and care features for bulbous plants
For planting bulbous plants The choice of pot is very important.
It is best to choose a container made of lightly fired clay with thin porous walls that are not glazed on the inside; by the way, you can make it at home without special equipment.
The size of the container is selected based on the size of the onion. The pot is selected correctly when there is 1.5 cm left from its walls to the plant free space from each side. Bulbous plants do not like waterlogging, so there must be a hole for draining water.
The diameter of the pot should be equal to its height.
For landing use common substrate for flowering plants , not forgetting to provide drainage: place a layer of expanded clay or broken brick on the bottom of the pot.
In addition, to provide the plant with a good outflow of moisture and at the same time facilitate the flow of air to the roots, pots with plants can be slightly raised above the surface of the windowsill.
Bulbous flowers develop well in a bright but not hot room. Optimal temperature content during the growing season 20-25 degrees.
They prefer moderate watering, love melted or rainwater, but ordinary tap water, pre-settled for 24 hours, will also work. Water temperature is room temperature.
Bulbous plants respond well to fertilizing liquid fertilizers containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. They should be fed only during the flowering period. and growth, once every two weeks.
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Feature successful cultivation This type of plant is to provide them with a period of rest. The rested bulbs will begin to form leaves with renewed vigor, and the plants will bloom regularly and profusely.
For each type own wintering conditions, but, in general, it all comes down to stopping fertilizing, reducing watering and storing the bulbs in the substrate at a temperature of at least 10 degrees.
Bulbous plants propagate using daughter bulbs, separating them from the mother plant and planting them separately.
Types of domestic flowering bulbous plants and flowers
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A native of South Africa. The amaryllis bulb is round in diameter and averages 4-5 cm in diameter. It has narrow, long, up to 50 cm, dark green leaves.
On a long bare peduncle there is an umbrella of several (up to 12 pieces) large funnel-shaped fragrant flowers of red, white or pink.
When planting, it is necessary to take into account that the bulb should only be half immersed in the substrate, otherwise the plant will not bloom and may die.
The plant can be propagated by separating the so-called children - small daughter bulbs - during transplantation.
Often confused with amaryllis.
This flower comes from the arid regions of Central America, so it practically does not need spraying.
Externally very similar to amaryllis, the main difference is the hollow flower arrow, on which a maximum of 7 large bright flowers are formed.
nice– the plant also belongs to the amaryllis family. The bulb is small, about 12 cm in diameter.
Hymenocallis blooms from July to October. At the end of flowering, it needs to arrange a period of rest: keep the plant at a temperature of 10-12 degrees without watering or fertilizing.
Proper care experienced flower growers are seeking bloom twice a year.
or upstart– the plant is completely inconspicuous most of the year. But during the flowering period it amazes the imagination with flowers similar to large crocuses.
Plants with white and pink inflorescences are most often grown. It has a small bulb, only 3-4 cm in diameter, completely immersed in the substrate. The leaves are narrow and thin.
There is usually one flower on a peduncle, about 4 cm in size.
If you plant several plants in a pot at once, the zephyranthes will look more magnificent.
Krinum- a large perennial, with a large bulb up to 25 cm in diameter, half protruding from the ground.
The plant itself has light green leaves up to 1 m long. Like all bulbous plants, it loves bright diffused light and Fresh air, therefore in warm weather It is advisable to ensure that he stays on the balcony.
Blooms from August to September in large sizes, about 7 cm, pink flowers, collected in inflorescences of 6-12 pieces.
– unpretentious plant With long term life. At proper care can live up to 40 years.
The leaves are wide, dark green.
During the flowering period, an arrow with bright orange flowers emerges from the middle of the plant.
Eucharis- This plant is native to the Columbia Mountains. Translated from Greek language The name of this flower means “pleasant” and “full of grace.”
Eucharis has large curved leaves, oval in shape, sitting on long petioles. Period It blooms in February - March, blooms with white flowers, arranged in 8-10 pieces on the flower arrow.
The buds open one by one and last for 8-10 days each, so Eucharis blooms for quite a long time. When planting, it is advisable to deepen the bulb somewhat so that the neck is covered with soil.
Diseases and pests of bulbous plants
Most often, flower growers complain that their favorite plant does not bloom. The main reason for this is the lack of the necessary and properly organized rest period, during which the flower gains strength.
Bulbous plants are often affected various types rotten. The reason for this is always excess moisture and its entry onto the bulb.
In this case, they will help to save the plant emergency measures. The plant is removed from the ground, the bulb is cleaned of dead and damaged scales.
Then, the bulb is dried for 5-7 days and sprayed with a solution of foundationazole. Planting in the substrate is carried out in such a way that the entire bulb, except for the roots and bottom, remains on the surface.
Until complete recovery, the plant should be watered moderately.
Bulbous plants are often affected by whiteflies, amaryllis scale insects, and others.
Hello, I’m Anastasia and I’ve devoted half of my life to indoor plants. My apartment looks more like a greenhouse. I'm not a super pro, but I know a lot about my favorites. And today I will talk about the best bulbous plants for home gardening.
At home, you can grow representatives of the following species:
- Amaryllidaceae;
- Liliaceae;
- Iris.
The bulb of these flowers is needed to accumulate nutrients. Many representatives of indoor lilies differ clearly expressed period peace. At this time, their leaves completely fall off to appear on next year again.
Other features include a thickened shoot that looks like an onion. The foliage has the appearance of a rosette. Most of the domestic bulbs bloom beautifully. Very few species are valued for their beautiful foliage. Almost all bulbs need diffused light.
Most popular types
As I already said, the most common domestic bulbs include iris, amaryllis and lilies. Xanthorrhoeae are also found. Sometimes there are succulents. But, about the most popular types in order.
Agapanthus
Belongs to the lily family, comes from southern regions Africa. Perennial, easy to care for. The peduncles are tall, the inflorescences are either white or blue. Agapanthus needs light that is non-directional and bright. Feels best on south-eastern windows. Needed for watering warm water, needs moist soil.
Amaryllis
Care is quite difficult. Height - up to 70 centimeters. Lives up to 4 years, but if cared for correctly, even longer. Lives in winter at temperatures up to 5-7 degrees above zero, in summer - a maximum of 23.
The soil needs to be very fertile, ideally loose. A flower pot needs a hole and drainage. IN warm time Watering is needed every 3-5 days. When dormant, there is no need to water.
Bovieya
Refers to succulents and lilies. Extremely easy to care for. Lives for at least ten years. The temperature is needed higher than room temperature; humidity is either low or medium. It grows quickly, but only in the warm season. For the winter it is better to put it in a cool and warm room.
Water three times a month; fertilizers for cacti are suitable for feeding. The peduncle is long, the flowers are small and white, but the leaves are very impressive.
Bulbina
One of the few species that is valued for its leaves. Family – Xanthorrhoeaceae. Slow growing, perennial. The air needs to be dry, the temperature in summer is up to 25 degrees above zero, in winter - about ten. You need bright light; it is better to choose a south-west or south window.
In winter we water a maximum of once every 10 days, in summer - regularly. Bulbina needs the same fertilizers as for cacti. Well diluted fertilizer for any house flowers is also suitable.
Vallotta
Height is about 60 cm, flowers are usually red. It feels best in loose and fertile soil; the top layer is replaced every year. You can add spruce bark to the soil. During dormancy (this is a couple of months), the valotta does not shed its leaves. We water it a couple of times a week in warm weather; in winter, you can water it extremely moderately – once or twice a month.
Veltheimia bracteata
Features interesting appearance. It needs good sanctification and bright light. It is important to strictly follow temperature regime: so, in September, when the leaves have already appeared, it needs from 15 to 18 degrees, in the summer about 24, in November about 11 degrees, in the winter - from 8 to 10. The soil needs to be acidic.
Hemanthus
Quite a stable and undemanding flower. Lives for many years. Height - up to 40 cm. Two types are popular:
- White-flowered;
- Katarina.
Hemanthus Katarina needs a temperature of 18 degrees above zero in winter, and about 24 in summer. White-flowered hemanthus feels normal even at temperatures of 10 degrees above zero. Hemanthus need a lot of light, but in summer they need shading.
Hymenocallis
They live a long time and are very easy to care for. Can reach 100 cm in height. In summer, hymenocallis needs a temperature of 24 degrees, in February-April from 16 to 18, during dormancy from 10 to 15. They feel best on southern or eastern windows; they need shading.
The light needs to be diffused but bright. It is necessary to water extremely abundantly; during dormancy we water rarely. They are distinguished by interesting inflorescences.
Hippeastrum
They live from 3-4 years or more. Does not bloom on northern windows, needs bright light with shading. In summer and after planting the bulbs, the temperature is needed at 23 degrees, in cold weather and after forcing - about 13. Water during activity once every 5 days, less often in autumn. More active watering needed after the arrow reaches 10 cm.
Drimiopsis
It grows slowly and lives for about ten years. It does not have very expressive colors, but beautiful leaves with spots. In winter you need a temperature of 14 degrees, in summer - 25. Light is needed diffused, but bright. Needs breathable soil.
You can enrich store-bought soil for bulbs with sand (perlite is also suitable). Drimmyopsis leaves need to be cut off and young ones should be wiped.
Zephyranthes
Known for its interesting inflorescences. Lives long. Summer needs high temperature– about 29 degrees. In winter the temperature can be around 11-12 degrees. It is better to grow zephyranthes on western, southeastern or eastern windows.
Will not bloom if it lacks light. During dormancy, zephyranthes loses its leaves. At this time, it should be watered rarely and kept cool.
Can also be grown in open ground, but then we dig up the marshmallow bulbs in the fall. The zephyranthes plant is very poisonous.
Clivia
The plant is low and compact. Grows with medium intensity, perennial. In summer you need a temperature of 21 degrees, in winter - up to 10, after the appearance flower bud– at 13. Needs partial shade or bright but diffused light. In general, it is not very picky about light, but it is better to shade it in the summer.
Water for irrigation should only be warm; water the clivia once every 7 days. In cold weather, we rarely water.
Krinum
There are several types:
- Mura (up to a meter high);
- Abyssinian;
- Ceylonese;
- Campanulate;
- Reddish;
- Powell and many others.
In summer it feels normal at a temperature of 20 degrees. It tolerates artificial lighting, but the light needs intense and diffused light. Water for irrigation needs warm. Does not recognize drafts.
Lachenalia
Positive yellow bells. Not easy to care for. Height – up to 30 cm. When flowering, a temperature of 8 to 16 degrees is required. It is better to grow on eastern and western windows; the light needs to be diffused and bright. The soil pH should be between 5.5 and 7.5. Even during growth, you need to water it moderately: once every 7 days and with a glass of water. During dormancy, Lachenalia does not need moisture.
Ledeburia
Is different interesting leaves and small sizes. It is necessary to shade so that the spots on the leaves do not become too bright. You need soil that is breathable but retains moisture well. We water once a week in the summer, once every couple of weeks in the winter. Leaves need to be wiped, old leaves need to be cut off.
Liriope
Low and fragile Chinese plant. In winter it feels normal at temperatures from 4 degrees to 10, in summer – from 18 to 20. It needs to be replanted in the spring, old flowers need to be removed. Does not recognize drafts. We fertilize twice a month using liquid bulb fertilizer. It should have enough phosphorus and potassium.
Nerine
Tall peduncles and small flowers. Humidity needs to be high. We spray it constantly or keep it on a tray with wet pebbles. In summer you need a temperature of 20 degrees, in autumn - half as much.
You can prolong the flowering of nerine in the fall if you increase the temperature to 15 degrees. Light is needed most in the morning. The soil should have a minimum of nitrogen and be loose.
Sperkelia
Lives from 4 years. Need high humidity air (about 50%), so spray regularly. Keep it on a tray with wet pebbles.
You need a lot of light, otherwise Sperkelia will not bloom. The flower is quite poisonous. The soil should be breathable and loose, with an acidity of 5.5 to 6.5.
We water sperkelia a couple of times a week during warm periods and do not water during dormant periods. However, if the plant overwinters in warm room, the bulbs need to be moistened sometimes. Closer to March or February, you need to transplant its bulbs into a substrate and keep it dry until you see the top of the bud.
Freesia
The flower is yellow and fragrant, grows all season, lives for many years, and is quite easy to care for. It needs coolness in the summer, but from October to March the temperature should be about 5 degrees above zero. Humidity is about 50%, so we follow the rules for nerine and sperkelia.
In the morning it needs direct rays of the sun, in summer the light needs diffused and bright light. You can light it artificially in the morning. The soil must be breathable and have good drainage. The water should be soft; when flowering, water it twice or thrice a week. You can't over-hydrate it, so use a moderate amount of water.
Eucomis
It blooms with rather large yellow flowers and looks exotic. Eucomis need high or medium humidity; you can place it on a tray with constantly wetted expanded clay. We need south windows and bright light, however, in the summer we are not lazy and shade it.
In the summer we water actively with warm water, in the spring not so intensely, and in the fall we stop altogether. The pot must be large.
Eucharis
An elegant flower, long-lived, easy to care for. We provide medium humidity; you still need the same tray with wet expanded clay. When flower stalks form, the temperature should be about 18 degrees.
In summer - from 20 to 25. Eucharis is not too picky about soils, but it will be happy to be loose and fertile. You can grow eucharis on your own personal plot or in the hall. But don't forget to dig it up by fall.
It is always best to replant the bulbs immediately after digging them up. If this is really not possible, you can store them for short periods. The trick is to not let them rot.
- After digging up the bulbs, remove as much soil as possible.
- Trim off any sparse roots and trim off any peeling layers from the bulb itself.
- Discard diseased or rotting bulbs.
- Place the bulbs on a tray or other flat surface and let them dry for a day or two.
- Then place the bulbs in a container with sawdust or in paper bags with peat moss.
- Some gardeners use clean bags that they use to store oranges.
- The trick is to allow dry air to circulate to prevent the bulbs from getting damp and rotting.
- For the same reason, it is best not to overcrowd the bulbs and prevent them from touching each other, as this can cause rot to spread.
Keep the bulbs in a cool, dry place to ensure their longevity. Keep stored bulbs in a cool, dry place, such as an unheated shed, where the temperature does not drop below freezing.
- Bulbs, blooming in spring It is best to sow in autumn; blooming in summer- in the spring.
- You will hear some gardeners spray their bulbs with a fungicide before storing them. This is always a good idea, but not essential.
Plant the bulbs at a depth equivalent to the height of three bulbs to ensure good growth. The goal is to plant the bulbs at a depth of about three times the height of the bulb. Bulbs should also be planted at a distance that is at least twice the width of the bulb.
- This means that a 5 cm bulb should be planted at a depth of 15 cm and no less than 10 cm from its neighbor.
- Good idea, add a handful of compost to the bottom of the bulb hole to set it in place.
- Place the onion in the hole with the pointed end facing up and backfill the hole.
- Water well and do not trample the soil with your feet, as this can cause damage.
- Bulbs grow well under grass, but remember not to mow the area above the bulbs until the foliage has dried out, usually in late summer.
Take extra care for bulbs planted in containers. The bulbs will withstand transplanting into a container. It is a good idea to add some sand to the compost at a ratio of 1 part sand to 3 parts compost to encourage proper bulb growth.
- Bulbs in containers should be planted three times the height of the bulb, but they will tolerate more crowding than bulbs planted in soil - a spacing of 2.54cm is fine.
- Try not to let the bulbs touch. Feed the bulbs in containers regularly during the growing season (spring-summer).
Water bulbs planted in containers to keep them hydrated. Bulbs in containers need to be watered throughout the growing season - this usually means spring and summer. Once the foliage begins to die back, reduce watering as this will help the plant go dormant.
- Do not allow the container to dry out completely, even when the bulbs are dormant during the winter.
Bulbous flowers mean those types of plants whose bulb is an independent bud. It is inside the bulb that leaves and other plant organs are laid, which will then develop. There you can also see a small bottom with the embryos of the root system located in it - the roots will begin to grow immediately after you plant your flower in the ground.
For such flowers, the bulb is a storehouse of nutrients and water, which allows them to be independent of the season. So, with proper care, your greenhouse can bloom in both summer and winter. All flowers are divided into two groups:
- having a dormant period that can endure this time without planting in the ground (tulips);
- species that shed their green part into certain time years (gemanthus).
The most famous bulbous house flowers: crocus, juno, gladiolus, lilies, anemone, tulips.
Bulbous indoor flowers: care and proper planting
Almost all plants of this type prefer light and coolness, negatively perceiving waterlogging of the soil. If you decide to carry out the work yourself, it is advisable that it be carried out in autumn time. Pay close attention to the bulb itself: it should not be damaged, wrinkled or loose, which may indicate the presence of a disease.
Despite its healthy appearance, the material should be disinfected, for which it is better to use a 1% manganese solution - put the onion in a container for half an hour and fill it with the solution. It is important to choose the right pot for planting: its height should not be greater than its width. If you choose too large capacity, as many inexperienced gardeners do, this can lead to the plant either developing poorly or even dying.
Important: it is best to purchase porous clay pots with thin walls, but you should not buy glazed containers.
We lay out a drainage layer (small stones or gravel) at the bottom, only then can we fill the soil with a layer whose height should not exceed 7 cm. Mix the soil using additives for bulbous plants. Next we plant the planting material and cover it halfway with soil. We place the container with the future green pet in a cool place, watering it a little with water. Only after the first shoots appear can the flower be moved to a bright place near the window.
How to make your plant healthy?
Like all types of flowering plants, bulbous plants prefer fertilizing using nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. After the bud fades and the leaves begin to die, it is necessary to reduce watering, and planting material leave in container. The plant should remain in this state until March - until it begins to produce stems again.
You need to water the flowers very carefully, since they cannot tolerate waterlogging - because of this they can get a fungus or catch infectious diseases. This is especially true for varieties such as Dutch hyacinth. Naturally, if you want to receive beautiful flowers next year, you must follow several important rules:
- Bulbs should not be stored in a damp place where they may rot;
- do not store the bulbs with fruit in the refrigerator, as some fruits emit ethylene, a substance harmful to plants;
- It is best to store bulbs in sand or peat moss;
- make sure that there is no draft that can blow through and freeze the planting material;
- If you have pets, make sure that during storage they do not chew off future flowers.
Only with proper care and maintenance will bulbous indoor flowers delight you with their brightness, beautiful buds and aroma of freshness.