From rainforests to deserts, the Earth is covered and decorated a huge amount various colors. Flowering plants amaze with their beauty and variety of shapes and colors.- red, yellow, purple and others. Most of them have a pleasant aroma, healing and other beneficial properties.
According to the method of growth, these representatives of the flora are divided into field (wild) and garden (cultivated).
Wildflowers or meadow flowers are unpretentious and hardy. They can often be seen growing in the most “uncomfortable” conditions (asphalt cracks, stones, etc.)
Such plants tolerate heat and drought well. Due to their diversity and subtle beauty, they are the favorites of many gardeners.
garden flowers
Garden ones are very delicate and aristocratically beautiful. They need ongoing care(soil preparation, watering, fertilizer). For each type you must select suitable conditions (light-shadow, ground, etc.)
Number of varieties and types cultivated plants huge and growing every year.
Among the wide “range” of field and garden plants special place occupy bright yellow flowers . They charm with their tenderness and sunshine. What are the names of these flowers, read below.
The most beautiful and popular representatives of yellow flowers
The name of this ubiquitous plant comes from the verb “to blow.” After flowering, the inflorescence basket turns into a white, fluffy seed head, the seeds of which are spread by a slight gust of wind or blow.
Dandelion belongs to the perennial herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family.
Structure: has a dense rosette of basal leaves. Arrow-peduncles bear one large basket-inflorescence, consisting of a large number of reed flowers. At night and bad weather the baskets are closed. Dandelions contain large amounts of light milky sap, and their roots can reach up to 60 cm in length.
Bloom: depending on the region, in March-April or May-June.
Species: There are about 2000 varieties of this flower, but the most common is “dandelion officinalis”.
People widely use it in various industries:
Application in medicine:
- since time immemorial it has been widely used in medical purposes for the treatment and normalization of gastrointestinal tract activity.
Use in cooking:
- Dandelions are used to make borscht, salads, jams, and wine. A kind of coffee substitute is even prepared from roasted roots.
Dandelion is very useful! It contains iron, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, protein and many vitamins.
It is also an excellent honey plant.
Adonis (Adonis, Montenegrin)
Perennial meadow plant from the Buttercup family. Commonly nicknamed adonis due to its fiery yellow flowers. The habitats of Adonis are steppes and forest-steppes.
Structure: has long (up to 40 cm), rounded stems. At the top there are bright yellow flowers with 5-8 petals.
Bloom: falls in April-May.
Breeding is carried out by two methods: rhizome (planted in the ground in autumn or spring) and seeds (sown in May).
Application in medicine:
- used as a cardiological remedy for various heart diseases.
The name indicates its use in ancient medicine, as one of the methods of combating rabies. Translated from Lat. means Without and Dog Rabies.
Types: There are annual and perennial species. In total, there are about 200 varieties.
Structure: has small leaves and flowers, consisting of 4 petals and having a pleasant honey smell. The seeds consist of 25% fatty oil.
Propagated by seeds.
Alyssum grows quickly, so seedlings must be planted at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other.
Application in medicine:
- used to treat hernias, kidney stones and colds.
Application in cosmetology:
- remedy for freckles and blemishes on the face.
Another representative of the Buttercup family.
It has an unusual method of growth. Anemone grows not from a seed, but from a bud located at the end of the rhizome. The roots are located in top layer soil covered with fallen leaves.
Anemone germinates very early, as it begins to develop in winter.
Bloom: April-May.
The method of flower pollination, which is carried out through rainwater. The perianth is filled with water, and pollen grains are located on its surface.
Most anemones in fresh poisonous.
Application in medicine:
- in the treatment of osteochondrosis, salt deposits, hematomas and rheumatism.
Primrose (Primrose)
The name indicates early flowering of this plant. Some species bloom even when the snow has not melted. Most varieties are perennials, but there are also one- and two-year herbs.
The plant is decorated with pale yellow single flowers of regular shape.
About 400 species Primrose.
A widespread and beloved member of the Asteraceae family. This annual plant native to southern Mexico, whose name translated from Latin means “ sunny flower" The Russian name speaks of the peculiarity of an unripe flower, always turning its head towards the sun (heliocentrism).
Inflorescence– one or more large heads. They are framed by a wrapper consisting of several rows of petals.
Species: About 100 varieties of sunflower are known. The most common is “oil sunflower”.
Widely used in the food industry. Oil, chips, coffee substitute, and halva are made from it.
Marigold (Splash Pool, Water Snake)
Perennial herbs from the Buttercup family.
Grows in places with high humidity, in watery soil: swamps, river banks, damp meadows.
The love of this plant for moisture is also indicated by its name, which is translated from Old Russian as “puddle”, “swamp”. It has a branched stem that can reach up to 80 cm in height.
In medicine it is used in pickled form.
Translated from Greek it means “beautiful” and “day”. Most species bloom for only one day.
Has unusually beautiful, bright and large flowers, consisting of 6 petals. They are collected in inflorescences of 2-10 each. Up to 3 flowers can bloom at the same time. In general, one bush blooms for up to 25 days.
There are types of daylilies that bloom at night.
Perennial of the Asteraceae family. The plant is named after the St. Petersburg botanist Johann Georgi. This is a tall (up to 2.5 m in height) plant with bright large flowers..
Dahlias are unpretentious to soil. However, they need regular watering and complex fertilizer. Propagated by cuttings and dividing tubers.
Tulip
A well-known flower, widespread throughout most of the planet, is the embodiment of tenderness and sophistication. This is perennial bulbous plant of eastern origin.
There are about 1800 varieties of tulips, and this number is increasing every year.
Development from a seed to a fully flowering plant can take up to 7 years!
During the spring growing season, flowering occurs, the plant bears fruit and produces young bulbs. Faded bulbs die. This replacement occurs annually. The bulbs are dug up in August, dried and stored in a dry room.
Planting in the ground is done in the fall. From the 17th century To this day, the world center for tulip breeding is the Netherlands.
Today, gardening lovers have access to a chic assortment of yellow flowers. From low-growing annuals to two-meter perennials. Bright, “cheerful” yellow flowers will be an excellent decoration and highlight of the garden and lawn. The main thing is to choose required varieties and provide suitable growth conditions, then they will delight and surprise their owners and their guests.
Herbal treatment is the most ancient way to combat all kinds of diseases. Over the thousands of years of its existence, man has found and studied healing properties hundreds medicinal plants that can help this or that disease. Over the long history, many effective recipes, many of which have reached and are used in folk medicine and in our days.
This section of the site presents many types of medicinal herbs, including field species, with high-quality photographs, the name of each plant and detailed description their beneficial properties and methods of use.
Despite the enormous pace of development traditional medicine and all the new products that the pharmaceutical industry offers, the use of medicinal plants to treat all kinds of diseases still remains relevant and does not lose its popularity. They can be used both for the prevention and treatment of various chronic and acute diseases in any field of medicine.
Medicinal herbs used in folk medicine can be fresh or dried, used both externally and internally. Medicinal herbs are much safer for human health than pharmaceutical drugs. They have fewer contraindications and side effects on the body.
For treatment use:
- tinctures;
- decoctions;
- extracts;
- infusions;
- tea fees.
Despite its apparent simplicity and harmlessness, alternative treatment requires knowledge and caution. After all, for a positive result, medicinal raw materials must be collected correctly. And the tinctures, decoctions or extracts made from them are prepared only according to exact recipes. We should not forget about dosages. This is especially true for those medications that need to be taken orally.
It is advisable, before preparing herbal medicine, to study our website, which contains medicinal herbs photos with names, learn about the indications and contraindications of a particular medicinal plant, methods of their preparation. You must not forget to carefully examine the raw materials for the medicine itself. It should be free of mold, dirt and other defects.
It is a mistake to believe that useful medicinal plants are found only in the wild. Of course, they are mainly collected in forests and meadows. But it is just as possible to grow medicinal herbs on personal plots- it goes without saying, when creating conditions close to natural ones.
Below you can see photos and descriptions of medicinal plants, as well as find out what medicinal herbs are and how you can grow them in your garden.
Forest and meadow medicinal herbs
St. John's wort (HYPERICUM). St. John's wort family.
When talking about what medicinal herbs there are, St. John's wort is one of the first that comes to mind. It is a rhizomatous herb, but more often a subshrub and shrub. Another name for this medicinal herb is “Ivanovo grass”. It is due to the fact that St. John's wort begins to bloom on Midsummer's Day.
The leaves of this herbaceous medicinal plant are whole, hard, and in some species they overwinter; flowers solitary or in corymbose inflorescence, golden. Flower growers often use herbs or shrubs.
Types:
St. John's wort (H. ascyron)– forest medicinal herb of Siberia and Far East, up to 100 cm high, lanceolate leaves up to 10 cm long.
St. John's wort calyx (H. calycinum)- plant 25 cm high, from the Eastern Mediterranean, leaves are oval, large.
Gebler's St. John's wort (H. gebleri)- a medicinal plant of the wet meadows of the Far East, bright orange flowers, resistant.
St. John's wort (H. olympicum)- dry forests of Southern Europe, height 50 cm, in middle lane Russia is not resistant, the leaves are narrow-lanceolate, glaucous, height 25 cm.
St. John's wort (N. perforatum).
Growing conditions. The genus is very diverse in terms of the ecological needs of species, it includes typical plants Central Russian meadows - h. perforated, and drought-resistant, heat-loving subshrubs of Southern Europe (W. cup-shaped, W. Olympic).
They are grown in sunny, wind-protected locations with well-drained alkaline soils. Drought resistant.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer) and cuttings. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Melissa (MELISSA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).
Melissa officinalis (M. officinalis)- perennial of Southern Europe, forms a dense bush 40-60 cm high from branched dense stems covered with ovate leaves, jagged along the edges. The entire plant is softly pubescent. The flowers are small, white, in whorls. And if the description of this medicinal plant is unremarkable, then the aroma deserves the highest praise. The plant exudes a very pleasant lemon scent, which is why it is sometimes called lemon balm. The variety "Aurea" has leaves with yellow spots.
Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded places with rich loose soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) or dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Mint (MENTHA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).
(M. piperita)- a perennial from the countries of Southern Europe with a branched, hairy stem 60-80 cm high. The leaves are ovate, dark green; the shoot ends in a spike-shaped inflorescence with whorls of purple flowers. It grows quickly due to above-ground stolons.
Growing conditions. Light and semi-shaded places with loose fertile soils.
Reproduction. Sections of rooted stolons. Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Lovage (LEVISTICUM).
Lovage officinalis(L. officinaie)- decorative deciduous perennial with thick rhizome. The leaves are shiny, slightly bluish, pinnately dissected, large in the basal rosette and on the stem. The stem is branched, up to 150 cm high, bearing a large umbrella of yellowish flowers. The whole plant has a specific pleasant aroma, therefore it is also used as a flavoring agent.
Growing conditions. Sunny to semi-shaded locations with clayey, rich, moist soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter), dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 3 pcs. per 1 m2.
Soapwort (SAPONARIA). Clove family.
Perennials with creeping rhizomes, growing mainly in the Mediterranean. The flowers are fragrant, collected in a shield.
Types:
Soapwort officinalis(S. officinalis)- height 100 cm.
Soapwort basilicofolia (S. ocymoides)- height 10 cm.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with well-drained, light, lime-rich soil. Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), summer cuttings.
Briefly about medicinal plants of forests and meadows
Below you can find a description of the medicinal herbs comfrey, yarrow, echinacea and valerian.
Comfrey (SYMPHYTUM). Borage family.
Perennials with thick rhizomes, 30-100 cm high, from the light forests of Europe and the Caucasus. The stems are winged, thick, straight. Leaves are petiolate, lanceolate. Plants are covered with stiff hairs. Flowers in drooping inflorescences - curl.
Types:
Caucasian comfrey (S. caucasicum)- 80-100 cm high, forms a thicket, blue flowers.
Comfrey officinalis (S. officinale)- 50-60 cm high, forms bushes.
Comfrey grandiflora (S. grandiflorum)- low (30-40 cm) compact bushes.
Growing conditions. Shady and semi-shady places with moist peaty soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Yarrow (ACHILLEA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).
The genus contains about 100 species, found in the meadows of the temperate zone. It attracts attention with its undemanding cultivation, ability to grow quickly and beautiful grey-green, usually feathery leaves. Small baskets are collected in a corymbose inflorescence (10-20 cm in diameter).
Yarrow(A. millefolium)- with a long branching rhizome, therefore it forms a thicket 70-80 cm high.
Yarrow ptarmika, sneezing herb (A. ptarmica), has a variety with white double flowers- pearl oyster, height - 60 cm.
U "Perry's White" and "The Pearl"- white balls of the baskets are collected in a loose brush.
Yarrow meadowsweet (A. filipendulina)- dense bush, 60-100 cm high, dark green, pinnate leaves; the flowers are bright yellow in dense large corymbs (diameter up to 9 cm).
Yarrow tomentosa (A. tomentosa)- 15-20 cm high, leaves finely dissected, grayish, pressed to the ground, shield of yellow flowers 6-8 cm in diameter.
Growing conditions. Sunny places with everyone garden soils, grow well on sand.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter or spring), by dividing the bush (in spring and autumn). Planting density -5-9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Echinacea (ECHINACEA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).
Perennial tall (up to 150 cm) herbs with a tap root and dense leafy stems, at the top in July-August with a large pinkish basket. The leaves are oval, pubescent, with sharp-toothed edges. Three species are native to the grasslands and prairies of southeastern North America.
Most often grown echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) with a dark pink basket.
Echinacea angustifolia(E. angustifolia) has a smaller and lighter basket.
And Echinacea pallidum (E. pallida)- reed flowers are narrow, pale pink. The last two species are more dry-loving.
Growing conditions. Sunny places with rich soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sown in spring), seedlings bloom in the 2nd year. The division of the bush is carried out in the spring. In one place without dividing, Echinacea can grow for up to 15 years. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Echinacea purpurea will decorate any flower garden, mixborder, and can also be grown as individual bushes on the lawn. Often used as a medicinal plant.
Valerian (VALERIANA). Valerian family.
Perennial rhizome herbs of meadows and light forests of the temperate zone of Eurasia. They grow both as individual bushes and thickets (species with underground stolons). The flowers are small, in a beautiful openwork inflorescence-tassel, the leaves are usually pinnate.
Types:
Mountain valerian(V. montana)- bush 40 cm high, pink flowers in bunches.
Valerian officinalis(V. officinalis)-height up to 100 cm, white flowers, pinnate leaves.
Valeriana Fori (V. fauriei)- forms thickets 40 cm high.
Valeriana lipolifolia(V. tiliifolia)- up to 150 cm high, leaves are large, simple, heart-shaped, flowers are white, in a corymbose inflorescence.
Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded areas with moderately moist rich soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring and before winter), by dividing the bush (in spring), they are often weeded. Planting density -5 pcs. per 1 m2.
If we talk about this medicinal plant briefly, we can define its medicinal properties as sedative. And in landscape design it is used to create a dense evergreen ground cover on tree trunk circles, spots on shady rockeries.
Description of the best medicinal herbs
(SALVIA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).
A large genus (almost 700 species), which includes plants of different life forms, growing all over the world. They all contain essential oils, grow in warm habitats. The leaves are ovate, the stems are branched, the final inflorescence is a raceme of medium-sized helmet-shaped flowers.
Types:
Sage sticky(S. glutinosa)- subshrub up to 100 cm high, from the forests of Southern Europe, pale yellow flowers.
Meadow sage(S. pratensis)- height 70-80 cm, blue flowers.
Sage rejected(S. patens)- height 70 cm, blue flowers.
Oak sage (S. nemorosa)- height 60 cm, purple flowers.
Salvia officinalis(S. officinalis)-height 50 cm.
Growing conditions. This is one of the best medicinal plants that prefers sunny areas (except for sticky sage) with fertile, well-drained soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (spring), dividing the bush (spring and late summer). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Toothwort (DENTARIA). The cabbage (cruciferous) family.
Perennial herbs 15-20 cm high with a long, clear rhizome and dark green leaves, large pink and crimson flowers. Typical early spring forest ephemeroids, ending the growing season already in June. They are attractive because they form a bright pink flowering carpet in spring. They bear fruit. They form self-seeding.
Types:
Toothwort tuberiferous(D. bulbifera)- a plant of the Caucasus with fawn-colored flowers.
Glandular teeth (D. glandulosa)- from the Carpathians, with large crimson flowers.
Toothwort five-leaved (D. quinquefolia)- from the forests of Europe, pink flowers.
Growing conditions. Shaded areas under a canopy of trees with forest soils, moderate moisture.
Reproduction. Seeds (sow freshly collected) and sections of rhizomes (after the end of flowering). Planting density - 25 pcs. per 1 m2.
Initial letter (BETONICA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).
About 15 species growing in temperate meadows. Short-rhizomatous herbs that form decorative dense bushes of ovate rosettes, crenate along the edges of leaves.
Types:
Capital letter grandiflora - grandiflora chistema (B. macrantha = B. grandiflora = Stachys macranthus) height 50-60 cm, beautiful leaves and dark pink large flowers.
Medicinal initial letter (B. officinalis)- taller plant (80-90 cm), smaller flowers.
Growing conditions. Sunny places with fertile soils and moderate moisture.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (spring and late summer) and seeds (sowing before winter). Seedlings bloom in the third year. Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Burnet (SANGUISORBA). Rosaceae family.
Short-rhizome perennials from wet meadows of the temperate zone of Eurasia.
Types:
Burnet (officinalis) (S. officinais)- 80-100 cm high, dark red flowers.
Gorgeous burnet (S. magnifica)- height 80-90 cm, large pinkish-crimson flowers.
Small burnet (S. minor)- height 40 cm, graceful inflorescences, red flowers, openwork plant.
Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded areas with fertile, moist soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in autumn), dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density – 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
Perennial medicinal herbs with photos and descriptions
Below are photos and descriptions of the medicinal herbs elecampane, zopnik and cuff:
Elecampane (INULA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).
Perennial herbaceous species(about 200), widely distributed in meadows and light forests in temperate zone Eurasia. The rhizomes are thick, powerful, and the root system is deep. The basal leaves are large, heart-shaped, oval, the stems are straight, slightly branched (except for elecampane), the flowers are large yellow “daisies”.
Types:
Elecampane magnificent(I. magnifica = I. orientalis)- up to 150 cm high, branched stem, basket -15 cm in diameter in sparse corymbs, spreading bush.
Elecampane tall (I. helenium)- stems are slightly branched, 150-200 cm high, elliptical leaves, baskets 6 cm in diameter, cylindrical bush.
Inula elecampane(I. ensifolia)- 30 cm high, narrow leaves, basket 4 cm, Compacta variety - 20 cm high.
Growing conditions. Sunny places with any garden soil and average moisture. Hardy perennials.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (in spring). Elecampane is a perennial medicinal herb that lives without transplantation or division for 8-10 years. Planting density of large plants - 3 pcs. per 1 m2; Elecampane sword-leaved - 12 pcs.
Zopnik (PHLOMIS). Lamiaceae family.
Perennial herbs (about 100 species) with a thick rhizome or tap root, rough leaves, flowers collected in false whorls forming a spike-shaped inflorescence.
Types:
Zopnik Roussell(P. russeliana)- 90 cm high, yellowish-pinkish flowers.
Zopnik tuberiferous (P. tuberosa)- 50-70 cm high, purple flowers.
Zopnik meadow (P. pratensis)- 50-70 cm high, pink flowers.
Cuff (ALCHEMILLA). Rosaceae family.
Pay attention to the photo of this medicinal herb - the cuff has a short rhizome and a rosette of round, often fluffy, bright green leaves forming a spherical bush. At the height of summer, loose openwork inflorescences of small yellow flowers rise above them. Flowering is abundant and long lasting.
Types:
Alpine cuff(A. aipina)- with trifoliate dense leaves and small inflorescences.
Red petiolate cuff (A. erythropoda)- with gray-green dense leaves, 30 cm high.
Soft cuff(A. moiiis)- the most beautiful, stable, undemanding cuff. Its leaves are round, fluffy, pale green with a wavy edge, up to 6 cm in diameter. Peduncles are numerous, up to 60-70 cm high.
Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded areas with loose, fertile neutral soils and moderate moisture. Does not tolerate stagnant moisture.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Easily tolerates division and transplantation. Planting density - 5 bushes per 1 m2.
One of the most colorful, consistently decorative and interesting in mixed flower beds plants. The cuff looks good in flower beds of the style " natural garden"and in mixborders together with cornflower, heuchera, cornflowers, coreopsis, etc. It is used to decorate bouquets, giving them lightness and delicacy.
Medicinal herbs and their cultivation
Thyme, thyme, Bogorodskaya herb (THYMUS). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).
A large genus (about 400 species) of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs with recumbent or erect woody stems and straight, upward-pointing peduncles. They grow on rocks in the southern regions of Eurasia. The leaves are small, oval, opposite, leathery, usually overwintering. Due to recumbent, rooting shoots, plants quickly grow, forming low, dense “mats” and “pillows” (10-30 cm high), emitting a pleasant aroma. In mid-summer, numerous inflorescence heads of small flowers appear.
Types:
Lemon-scented thyme (Th. citriodorus).
Common thyme (T. vulgaris)- height 5-15 cm, leaves are pubescent on the underside.
creeping thyme (T. serpyllum)- leaves are larger than those of other species.
Growing conditions. Sunny locations with light, well-drained soil, neutral or alkaline. Grows on sands.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer), by seeds (sowing before winter), by cuttings (in spring). Planting density - 25 pcs. per 1 m2.
Used as a carpet plant in mixed flower beds, rockeries and on paths among tiles. Looks good in containers.
Hellebore (VERATRUM). Melanthiaceae (lily) family.
Tall (100-150 cm) herbaceous perennials, growing in meadows and steppes of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Powerful short rhizome and deep roots. The stems are straight, thick, and bear tough, folded along the veins, elliptical, beautiful leaves. The flowers are small, open, in a large paniculate inflorescence. All species are similar in appearance.
Types:
White hellebore (V. album)- flowers are whitish-greenish.
California hellebore(V. californicum)- flowers are white with green veins.
Black hellebore (V. nigrum)- flowers are blackish-brown.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with rich soils are moisture-loving, but tolerate drought well.
Reproduction. By seeds (sown in spring), seedlings bloom in the 5th-6th year. By dividing the bush (in spring), the divisions grow slowly and often die. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
Chernogolovka (PRUNELLA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).
Perennials with creeping rhizomes, erect, low (25-40 cm) stems; leaves are entire, with an uneven edge; flowers in false whorls in a capitate inflorescence.
Types:
Chernogolovka grandiflora(P. grandiflora)- height 25 cm.
Webb's blackhead (P. x webbiana)- purple flowers.
Chernogolovka vulgare (P. vulgaris)- flowers are reddish.
Growing conditions. Sunny and slightly shaded areas with garden, moderately moist soils.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2. Capable of forming a thicket and growing weeds.
Euphorbia (EUPHORBIA). Euphorbiaceae family.
Large genus - about 2000 species, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions globe, but there are species in the temperate zone. Their height, leaf shape and type of root system are different, but they stand out for their original flowers.
Look at the photo of this medicinal plant: small flowers are collected in an inflorescence surrounded by a common spathe in the form of a glass (which appears to be a flower), and the “cups” are collected in complex umbrella-shaped inflorescences with wrappers. In general, all this gives the impression of a “flying”, openwork yellowish inflorescence.
In sunny dry places - cypress spurge (E. cyparissias)- a low-growing (15-20 cm) plant of the steppes with narrow bluish leaves, densely located on lodging stems.
In sunny places with rich soils - Euphorbia multicolor(E. poiychroma), forming a tall bush (50-60 cm) of densely leafy woody shoots.
In the shadows - long-horned spurge (E. macroceras) with a high stem (up to 100 cm) and scaly spurge (E. squamosa) 20-30 cm high with a spherical through bush.
Growing conditions. Euphorbias can grow in the most various conditions depending on the ecological characteristics of the species, but always on well-drained soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) or dividing the bush (in spring and late summer).
They self-sow easily and are capable of weeding. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
Eryngium (ERYNGIUM). Celery (umbelliferous) family.
About 230 species are known, growing on almost all continents. But they are grown more often in culture perennial herbs with leathery, whole or dissected leaves, spiny along the edges. The flowers are small, blue, located in the axil of the bracts and collected in a capitate inflorescence surrounded by hard, spiny involucre leaves. Magnificent for their originality and exoticism. They bear fruit abundantly.
Types:
Alpine eryngium(E. alpinum) - 70 cm high, interesting wrapper of bluish, curved upward leaves.
Amethyst eryngium (E. amethystinum)- amethyst blue wrapper.
Burg's eryngium (E. bourgatii)- 30-40 cm high, leathery leaves with a white pattern.
Eryngium flatifolia (E. planum)- a plant of the steppes of Europe and Asia, the stems are bluish, the capitate inflorescences are small, bluish.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose, poor, sandy or rocky soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (before winter) or by dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
Wormwood (ARTEMISIA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).
Large genus (more than 250 species). Of the numerous species, subshrubs and perennials with fragrant silvery leaves, pubescent or tomentose, are mainly cultivated. The flowers are inexpressive and colorless, so it is better to cut off the peduncles.
Types. In central Russia the most decorative and stable are:
Wormwood Pursha (A. purchiana)- forms a cover of straight stems with silvery elongated whole leaves, responds well to constant pruning, can be planted in borders.
Steller's Wormwood (A. steiieriana) - low plant with spatulate leaves, forming a dense spot, sometimes the leaves overwinter.
Wormwood Louis(A. iudoviciana)- with narrow, lanceolate leaves.
Wormwood Schmidt (A. schmidtiana), the “Nana” form is especially interesting, 15-20 cm high with rounded, heavily indented leaves.
Growing conditions. Wormwoods are undemanding plants that grow well in sunny places with any soil, especially good on drained sandy alkaline substrates.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer), by seeds (sowing in spring). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Description of the best medicinal plants and their photos
In this chapter you can read the description of such medicinal herbs and plants as rhubarb, cat's foot, cyanosis, toadflax and mullein.
Rhubarb (RHEUM). Buckwheat family.
A powerful perennial with a multi-headed rhizome, from which large, round, five to seven-lobed light green leaves emerge on long, fleshy, ribbed reddish petioles.
At the end of spring, a powerful peduncle (up to 150 cm in height) rises above the rosette of leaves, bearing a large panicle of small whitish-fawn flowers. Grows in the meadows of Eurasia.
Types. In culture they often use:
Rhubarb palmate (Rh. palmatum) And r. Tangut (Rh. tanguticum) with more deeply dissected leaves.
Black Sea rhubarb (Rh. rhaponticum)-dense shiny leaves.
Growing conditions. Well-lit and semi-shaded areas with deep, fertile garden soils and normal moisture.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter) and dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density is single.
cat's paw, antennary (ANTENNARIA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).
Low (5-10 cm) dioecious plants from pine forests Europe and North America. The leaves are densely pubescent, white-tomentose, overwintering, collected in a rosette. They grow due to creeping shoots. Flower baskets are small, round, in a capitate inflorescence.
Types. Cat's paw dioecious (A. dioica) has the forms:
"Tomentosa"- more densely pubescent; "Rubra"- with red pink flowers; "Minima"- height 5 cm.
"Rosea"- with pink flowers; Antennaria sun-loving(A. aprica)- height 10-15 cm.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with poor, slightly acidic, dry sandy soils. On ordinary garden soils it will quickly grow and lose its decorative properties.
Reproduction. By dividing a bush or a section of a creeping shoot (in spring or late summer). Plant densely - 36 pcs. per 1 m2.
On poor sandy soils it creates a low, slowly growing, but consistently decorative silvery ground cover.
Cyanosis (POLEMONIUM). Family of cyanaceae.
Cluster-rooted perennials, grow in light forests of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Bushes from 25 to 50 cm tall, decorative leaves, wintering; the flowers are numerous, collected in a raceme-like inflorescence, blue.
Types:
Creeping cyanosis(P. reptans)- height 30 cm.
blue cyanosis (P. caeruleum)- height 60 cm.
Growing conditions. Sunlit or semi-shaded areas with normal garden soils. A very undemanding plant.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter), dividing the bush (in spring, late summer). Self-seeding possible. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Toadflax (LINARIA). Norichnikov family.
Perennials from the Mediterranean with narrow leaves and two-lipped flowers with a spur in a racemose inflorescence. The plants are graceful, low (40-50 cm).
Types:
Dalmatian toadflax (L. daimatica)- yellow flowers.
Common toadflax (L. vuigaris)- yellow flowers.
Macedonian toadflax (L. macedonica)- pubescent plant, yellow flowers.
Purple toadflax (L. purpurea)- red flowers.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose sandy dry soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (in spring). Planting density - 20 pcs. per 1 m2.
Mullein (VERBASCUM). Norichnikov family.
Plants of open, dry places in Europe and the Mediterranean. Biennials and perennials from 50 to 150 cm in height, basal leaves are large, on petioles; The stem is straight, with sessile, entire, pubescent leaves. The flowers are wheel-shaped, small, in a branched large inflorescence. Magnificent plant, providing the architecture of the flower garden.
Types:
Hybrid mullein (V. x hybridum)- often grown as a two-year-old.
Olympic mullein (V. olympicum)- height 180-200 cm, leaves are very pubescent, flowers are yellow.
Purple mullein (V. phoeniceum)- height 100 cm, purple flowers in a sparse cluster.
Black mullein(V. nigrum)- height 120 cm, yellow flowers with a red center.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose sandy soils. Drought resistant.
Reproduction. Seeds (in spring), seedlings bloom in the second year.
The variety of plants in the forest zone allows you to choose for your garden those flowers or herbs that will ideally suit the conditions of your site. As a rule, forest herbs and flowering plants are unpretentious, because in nature they are content with the shade of tall trees and are forced to survive, despite the bushes surrounding them on all sides. Check out the photos of forest flowers and their names below to choose the most suitable ones for your garden.
Perennial plants for a forest plot
Adiantum (ADIANTUM). Adintaceae family.
Basil filamentous(T. filamentosum) - low, 15-25 cm high, with a long rhizome, forms a thicket of soft green leaves, in an openwork inflorescence, grows in the shade.
Delaway's Basil (T. delavayi)– 100 cm high, magnificent large pink or red inflorescence.
Growing conditions. Sunny or semi-shaded places with loose, moist soils (except for V. small, which prefers dry soils).
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring or before winter), dividing the bush (in spring or late summer). Capable of weeding. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Black cohosh, black cohosh (CIMICIFUGA). Ranunculaceae family.
Tall grasses (up to 200 cm), blooming from late summer through autumn. About 20 species are known growing in the forests of the Far East and North America. The rhizome is dense, short, forms a powerful root system. The leaves are large, trifoliate, rising high on a long petiole, tall peduncles, bearing clusters of numerous small white flowers. A slow-growing perennial that holds its place for up to 30-40 years.
Types and varieties:
Black cohosh branched (C. ramosa)- height 200 cm, variety “Atropurpurea”.
Black cohosh (C. dahurica)- height 200 cm, with branched racemose inflorescence, blooms in September-October.
Black cohosh (C. racemosa = C. cordifoia)- height 180 cm, blooms earlier than other species (in July), pale-white flowers in a racemose inflorescence.
Black cohosh simple(C. simpiex)- height 140 cm, blooms in September, flowers in a simple spike-shaped inflorescence.
Growing conditions. Shaded and semi-shaded areas with rich, well-drained, moderately moist soils.
Reproduction. Freshly collected seeds, sowing before winter. Seedlings bloom in the 3rd-5th year, but it is more reliable to propagate in the spring by dividing the bush. The divisions easily take root and live without transplantation for up to 30 years. Planting density - 3 pcs. per 1 m2.
Jeffersonia (JEFFERSONIA). Barberry family.
There are only two species in this genus, growing on opposite ends of the globe - one in the forests of eastern North America, the other in the forests of the Far East. These are low (25-35 cm) short-rhizomatous herbs that form rounded bushes from delicate basal rounded leaves and bloom in early spring. The flowers are solitary, 2-3 cm in diameter.
Types and varieties:
Jeffersonia bifolia (J. diphylla) from America has a leaf cut out at the top and white flowers; Jeffersonia dubia (J. dubia) from the Far East has rounded leaves and soft lilac flowers.
Growing conditions. In the shade, under the canopy of trees that cover the ground in autumn with fallen leaves; on loose forest soil, well drained.
Reproduction. Seed propagation is difficult, since the seeds germinate only in the 3rd year. Propagated by dividing the bush at the end of summer. Without dividing or replanting, they can grow for 20-25 years.
Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.
Cardiocrinum. Lily family.
The genus Cardiocrinum includes 3 species of large bulbous herbs growing on forest edges and in sparse forests of East Asia. Peduncle 150-300 cm high with numerous flowers similar to lilies. These are the most tall plants Liliaceae family. They have shiny large heart-shaped leaves on petioles and numerous (up to 30 pieces per stem) white tubular fragrant flowers up to 15 cm long.
Types and varieties. Grows well in the temperate zone:
Cardiocrinum cordatum (C. cordatum), especially its shape "Glenna" (C. cordatum f. Glehnii), living in the light forests of Sakhalin, they have large flowers in a multi-flowered inflorescence.
Cardiocrinum gigantea (C. giganteum)- a plant of the Himalayas, needs strong shelter, often damaged by frost.
Growing conditions. Lightly shaded areas with moist, loose, rich soils under a canopy of broad-leaved trees (oak, linden, maple, apple).
Reproduction. Freshly collected seeds are sown before winter, they germinate in the spring, and seedlings bloom in the 7-10th year.
Lungwort (PULMONARIA). Borage family.
Perennial forest rhizomatous herbs (about 14 species) 20-40 cm high, with oval pubescent leaves in a basal rosette and tubular flowers of red-violet tones (change color after pollination) in a dense inflorescence-curl. They bloom in early spring. These forest herbs got their name because their flowers are rich in nectar; lungwort is one of the first spring honey plants.
Types and varieties:
Lungwort angustifolia(P. angustifolia)-, grows in pine forests on sandy soils in Europe.
Varieties of lungwort "Azurea" And "Smokey Blue"
Lungwort Filyarsky (P. filarszkyana)and red (P. rubra)- from the forests of the Carpathians, variety “Redstart”.
The softest lungwort (P. mollissima)- up to 40 cm high, dark blue flowers, from the forests of the Caucasus and Central Asia.
Dark lungwort (P. obscura)- lilac-pink flowers, from the forests of Central Europe.
Sugar lungwort (P. saccharata)- from the forests of Southern Europe, green leaves with large bluish spots, purple flowers, variety “Mrs. Moon."
Growing conditions. Shaded areas under the canopy of trees with loose forest soils, moderately moist. M. angustifolia grows well on sand, and M. sugar grows well on rocky sandy soils in good light.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (at the end of summer). Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Cohosh (CAULOPHYLLUM). Barberry family.
Large (up to 120 cm high) herbs with a thickened short rhizome, straight stem (up to 100 cm high) and several beautiful, slightly bluish trifoliate leaves. The flowers are small, pale yellow, collected in a sparse panicle.
Pay attention to the photos of these forest herbs– they are especially beautiful in the fall, when berry-shaped, bluish fruits ripen on them.
Types and varieties. This genus contains only two species:
Powerful cohosh (C. robustum) - taiga plant south of the Ussuri region and cohosh (C. thaLictroides) - a plant of broad-leaved forests of eastern North America. They are very similar in appearance and in their environmental needs.
Growing conditions. Heavily shaded areas under a canopy of broadleaf trees. The soils are loose, forest, moderately moist. They overwinter well under litter.
Reproduction. Seed propagation is difficult, seeds germinate only in the 2-3rd year, and seedlings bloom in the 4th-5th year. Without transplantation or division, they can grow in one place for up to 30 years.
Reproduction is possible by dividing the bush at the end of summer. Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
Disporum (DISPORUM). Uvulariaceae (lily) family.
Forest perennial herbs (about 15 species), growing in the forests of East Asia and North America, with a horizontal creeping rhizome and stems branching at the apex into two branches, covered with ovate leaves and ending in an umbellate inflorescence of narrow bell-shaped white-greenish flowers. Decorative fruits.
Types and varieties:
