Rotary hinges for doors. Types of hinges, differing in the method of fastening. Accessories material

If you buy a one-piece door block, that is, a door along with a frame, then there is nothing to worry about; such sets usually already have door hinges. The situation is completely different when everything is taken separately; there is a moment of choice. Today we will look in detail at what types there are door hinges, how to choose them correctly, plus you will find out which ones better than loops For metal doors, and which ones are for wooden ones.

Types of door hinges are divided depending on the weight of the door leaf.

First of all, you need to remember that absolutely all door hinges are divided into left, right and universal. It’s quite easy to decide here. As for the left or right models, you need to imagine that you are facing your doors and opening them towards you, if the hinges are on the right, then they are right, if on the left, then they are left. Well, there are no problems with universal ones; they can be placed anywhere.

What are hinges made of?

All door hinges are made of metal, even on plastic doors are put metal awnings, just then they are covered with plastic covers. Another thing is what kind of metal this or that door hinge is made of.

Steel door hinges are deservedly considered luminaries. Previously, these were massive forged canopies; now they are also used, but only in ethnic designer styles or for utility rooms.

The bulk of the market is occupied by more modern steel sheds. IN in this case there are 2 options:

1. Stainless steel looks solid and is uniquely durable. Such canopies are not afraid of corrosion and do not require painting; they can be placed on both interior and metal doors. The only problem is that they are priced above average;

Stainless steel canopies do not require painting.

1. Ferrous metal canopies are also quite durable, but they do need some kind of coating. If you are interested in quality, then choose between powder coating and nickel plating. For budget option You can take bare metal and then paint it yourself, otherwise it will rust.

Powder coating reliably protects the metal from corrosion.

In the ranking expensive models brass is in the lead. This metal also does not rust and does not require painting. But brass is not as strong as steel. Brass canopies will withstand interior doors, but hinges for metal doors, if the design idea requires it, are made of steel and then decorated with brass, bronze or gold.

If you decide to take brass canopies, then it is better to give preference to models that have bearings, according to their operational characteristics they are an order of magnitude higher than usual.

The know-how of the modern market is alloys. There are really high-quality products with an admixture of titanium and other high-strength metals, but quite often behind the complex names lies cheap material, which lasts no more than a year.

So cheap and fairly well-known silumin, according to most experts under hinges on the door It’s not good at all, but unscrupulous manufacturers are churning out such canopies to this day, and cunning advertisers come up with another name for them and people buy them.

The whole problem is that high-quality and low-quality alloys cannot be visually distinguished, because the hinges are covered with something on top. There is only one piece of advice I can give here - look at the price, a good thing can't be cheap. Plus, most of these fake awnings are noticeably lighter than steel or brass ones.

How many awnings do you need?

There are many types of canopies now; a little later we will talk about common types, but the main characteristic for any canopy is, figuratively speaking, its load capacity. Beauty is important, but not the main thing, especially when choosing hinges for a steel door.

If we do not take into account the decorative and furniture sector, then the minimum for door canopy is 15 kg. It is believed that among the production models the most powerful hinges for entrance doors must withstand about 100 kg per unit. If the door leaf weighs more than 250 kg, then, as a rule, special hinges are made to order for such a metal door.

In general, the heavier the door, the more hinges are installed on it, but the maximum is 4 hinges per 1 leaf. They can be positioned in different ways, the main thing is that there is 200 - 250 mm from the top and bottom edges to the nearest canopy. As for the rest, as you like, the photo below shows 5 common installation options.

Door hinges - types of installation.

Of course, the dimensions of the canopies and the material from which the door hinges are made are important, but for interior doors there is a conditional division:

• 2 canopies are mounted on canvases weighing up to 40 kg;
• If the weight of the canvas is in the range from 40 to 60 kg, then 3 canopies are needed;
• Doors weighing more than 60 kg are mounted on 4 canopies.

Types of canopies

The abundance of such goods in stores makes one’s eyes wide open; there are hundreds, if not thousands, of models, but there are no more than a dozen main types of designs and we will further understand them.

External overhead models

Here we are dealing with the progenitor of all awnings; such door hinges have been made since man learned to forge metal. This is purely an invoice outdoor version. In the old days, these canopies were made powerful and long, this design made it possible to gain door leaf based on loops, respectively, the canopies were part of the canvas.

Wrought iron canopies remain in demand to this day.

Forged models have survived to this day, but they are used only as part of a design ensemble, for example, in wooden log cabins. On private farmsteads you can often find stamped versions of such hinges; their appearance is rather mediocre, which is why such canopies are only installed on wooden gates and sheds.

Metal stamped hinges are mainly used for utility rooms.

1. The central rod acts as a rotating axis; in order for it to hold, the rod is riveted on one or both sides;
2. Door frame;
3. Door leaf;
4. Self-tapping screws or nails;
5. Overlay beam for horizontal connection of door leaf boards.

In addition to the classic installation scheme, there are even more modern version, in which the plate (4) is not nailed on top of the box, but between the canvas and the box, but in this case a groove is cut out in the box for this plate.

Internal mortise canopies "father-mother"

This type of canopy is not much different from the previous version, the only difference is that both plates are attached at the junction between the end of the door and the hatch. True, in order to secure the hinges, you need to cut grooves for the plates at the end of the door leaf and, on the contrary, in the frame.

1. The central axis, the pin of which is fixed at the bottom of the canopy;
2. Door frame;
3. Door leaf;
4. Plate fixed to the box;
5. A plate fixed to the door leaf;
6. Self-tapping screws or nails;
7. Cashing bar;
8. Top plug.

Legend has it that this design was developed in Soviet times, but we don’t know how true this is. The beauty of these awnings is that the doors can be removed and put back in place in a few seconds. But this is also a minus; such hinges are not suitable for entrance doors.

Male-female door hinge with built-in bearing.

The definition of “father and mother” is already folklore; below we have a part that is called dad, an axis is permanently fixed in it. A plate with a hole, which is usually called mother, is placed on top of this axis.

Card mortise canopies

In essence, this is practically the same as the “father-mother” canopies, it’s just that here sectors with holes are mounted on both plates, and they are fastened with a separate pin.

1. Rotary pin;
2. Rotary pin plug;
3. Bearings, not all models have them;
4. Canopy plates.

Of the mortise options, this is perhaps the most popular. In hinges for interior doors, the plug is unscrewed and the pin is removed, as a result the door leaf can be dismantled quite quickly. The same canopies that are designed for installation on wooden entrance doors often come with a tightly sealed, non-removable pin, and in order to remove the panel you need to unscrew the canopies.

If you decide to buy any of mortise models, then take hinges with bearings, they will last 2 times longer, plus they will not creak.

Butterfly card loops

Relatively recently, the so-called “Butterfly” loops appeared on the market. These are purely overhead models; you don’t need to embed them anywhere; the canopies are simply screwed with self-tapping screws to the frame and the end of the door leaf. The idea is that one part of the loop is hidden inside the second part of the loop.

On the one hand, such canopies are convenient because only a screwdriver is enough to install them, but on the other hand, few people remember that the maximum load-bearing capacity for the largest butterfly is 20 kg. Plus, if you deviate a couple of millimeters from the common vertical axis during installation, the hinges will become loose within a month.

Although butterflies are an excellent solution for beginning craftsmen and young families, especially when the budget is strictly limited. As for the instructions for correct installation such loops, then let’s face it, there’s nothing particularly complicated there. All the nuances of choosing and installing butterflies are analyzed and shown in detail in photos and videos.

Many craftsmen are not inclined to highlight corner loops in separate direction, because they were invented exclusively for doors with a rebate. We will not argue with anyone, let’s just say that corner awnings are overhead ( private option butterflies) and mortise. As for installation technology, corner hinges are no different from their classic sisters.

Corner hinges are mounted using the same technology as their classic counterparts.

This is a separate highly specialized direction of awnings. The door leaf here can open in both directions. In the domestic sector, double-sided hinges are not in demand; they are reserved for public and administrative buildings.

It is better to take double-sided canopies made of brass or stainless steel.

This design cannot be called simple, it has 2 pins with a connecting plate; the diagram below shows the principle of operation of a double-sided canopy. We do not advise you to save money when buying a double-sided hinge, because the design works under serious load and cheap models fly apart very quickly.

To install such canopies, it is advisable to call a professional, because if you make a slight mistake, the doors will constantly deviate in one direction. When choosing, it is better to give preference to double-sided hinges equipped with return springs; they will automatically fix the doors in the neutral position.

Screw-in models

Also quite young looking hinges. This design is closer to external overhead models. Holes are drilled in the frame and in the door leaf and a guide support pin is first inserted into them, after which the fixing pin is screwed in.

Initially, such designs were made for quick installation doors and a quarter, but some craftsmen adapt them to ordinary doors, although this is not entirely true. Depending on the weight of the door leaf, there may be several pins, but it is not advisable to install heavy doors on such canopies; they, like butterflies, are designed for doors up to 40 kg.

Hidden awnings

In this case hidden designs can safely be called the elite of all canopies. There are such hinges for metal doors and for wooden ones, they are universal. The canopy is completely hidden in the frame and door leaf, so it is impossible to remove such a door from its hinges.

1. Main rotary pin;
2. Bearing guides that are hidden inside the canopy;
3. Fixed stationary pins.

Hidden hinges are made of especially durable steel grades or strong alloys. There are no budget models here; on average, the price per unit starts from 1,500 rubles. Of course, there are cheap options at a price of 300 - 500 rubles, but our advice to you is that it is better to buy a normal mortise hinge for this money than a bad hidden one.

Now in production hidden hinges for metal doors, the advantage is that they have an adjustment mechanism (even in Chinese models), which is convenient when the door leaf is heavy. How this entire system is regulated is described and shown in detail.

Hidden adjustable awnings work well for metal doors.

Installing such canopies with your own hands is possible, but you will have to stock up on a good hand cutter, and in metal doors you will also welding machine, otherwise nothing will work out.

Conclusion

To summarize, we can note that if your budget is limited and you don’t have a lot of tools, then take butterflies or screw-in hinges. Mortise door hinges are better suited for wooden panels. It is advisable to install hidden canopy models on iron and expensive wooden doors. The video in this article shows the nuances of selection and installation. If the information was useful, then there are social network buttons below, perhaps your like will help one of your friends decide.

Door hinges you need to carefully select and install as efficiently as possible. How long the future door will last depends on this. Some important nuances installation are presented below.

It is worth noting that purchasing loops at interior doors is only needed if the canvas is made independently or when purchasing a kit without fittings. The matter is not simple and requires a competent approach.

There are different types of hinges for interior doors, but, as a rule, they are selected according to:

• Material;
• Installation method;
• Constructions;
• Features of the mechanism;
• Mounting location.

Due to the fact that there are hinges on both entrance doors and interior doors, which differ from each other, you need to choose different fasteners. For example, for a door entrance group use hinges, the purpose of which is for heavy structures. In addition, they have a unique mechanism through which it is completely impossible to remove the door from its hinges even with a strong desire and mechanical impact. More than simple designs, which are easy to install and, moreover, they are not able to withstand large metal sheets.

Structural types of door hinges

If you plan to install the hinges yourself, then it is better to purchase them in quantities of 2 more pieces. In this way, you can compensate for a damaged hinge so as not to slow down the work of installing the door. This moment refers to those types of hinges that are sold without holes for screwing, and you need to make them yourself.

There are types of loops that differ in design features:

• Mortise.
• Screw-in.
• Invoices.
• Hidden.
• Angular.
• Remote.
• Articulated.
• Forged.
• Like back and forth
• Double-sided view.

Experts in general do not recommend buying door leaves without components and advise turning to specialists for installation. The essence of the problem is that when the door and hinges are included, there are already required holes for installation and all that remains is to screw it on and nothing more.

Otherwise, especially if you do not have the skills to install doors, consequences such as door skewing are possible.

To do right choice hinges for the door, you should follow a few rules. You need to buy components only in specialized stores to be sure of their quality and compliance with GOST requirements. Models are selected only in relation to the door leaf, that is, according to the weight that they can withstand.

What material are hinges for interior doors made of?

Door hinges are selected not only according to the parameters described above, but also according to the material from which they are made. Which ones are the most durable and wear-resistant? A brass hinge is made from alloys of aluminum, zinc or steel. They have a thin brass coating that has excellent rust resistance.

These hinges are considered the most popular, as they have a long service life and can also withstand heavy weight door leaf without deforming or breaking.

Steel hinges are also durable and are considered stronger than brass. It is worth noting that they are often chosen specifically for entrance structures, since for interior paintings such high strength and wear resistance are not required. It is worth noting that for interior doors it is worth choosing those designs that are decorated with precious metals.

For example, with spraying under:

• Copper;
• Gold;
• Chromium;
• Bronze.

You should not choose cheap analogues, as they will not last very long and, moreover, can damage the door leaf during installation. Regarding the choice of right and left type hinges, it is better to give preference universal models, since they are more wear-resistant.

It is best to choose brass hinges, as they are resistant to corrosion, which means you won’t have to think about replacing components for a long time and, moreover, they can be used in the bathroom.

Door canopies and their features

The classification of what types of door hinges there are is presented above, but what properties and features do they have? In order to choose canopies for the door, it is worth deciding what they will be, decorative or basic.

Nuances:

1. If the door weighs up to 40 kg, then more than 2 hinges will not be required.
2. For heavier structures, weighing up to 60 kg, you should choose 3 hinges.
3. If the weight exceeds 60 kg, then 4 loops are installed.

Those hinges that are called overhead hinges are universal and they do not cut in, but are simply applied to the inner end parts of the door and screwed using self-tapping screws or self-tapping screws. There is minimal clearance between the door and the frame. As a rule, such hinged hinges are made in the form of an all-metal element made of steel or brass, in which a steel rod is installed. The design includes 4 bearings, and the presence of galvanic coating makes them scratch-resistant and adds shine.

These large and beautiful hinges add aesthetics to the door structure.

Mortise-type or card hinges require a number of important steps before installation. Namely, in the place where the end of the door is located, a recess is made, as well as on the door frame parallel to the hole in the door. It is into these 2 recesses that the loop will be screwed. These types of fastenings are old and were used in the last century. They are mainly used for heavy doors.

Screw-in awnings are installed by drilling a hole in the cavity of the door frame and door. The canopy consists of a detachable cylinder part in the amount of 2 pieces. One is installed on the door, the second on the door frame.

You can determine which awnings are best suited on your own, but a specialist will help you make the right choice. If you do not have the skills to work with such elements, then you should not make homemade loops, the manufacture of which requires maximum care.

How to choose hinges for doors

How to choose good opening hinges for doors? It is worth paying attention to a number of points that are very important when purchasing accessories. How much does a door weigh? important point, since the type of fittings depends on this. To be more precise, any collection has its own schedule of loops, according to which the choice is made.

In order to select components based on weight, you need to pay attention not to the components themselves, but to their manufacturers.

The choice of loop also depends on which side the loop will be hung on. In particular, they come in left and right types. There are also universal look hinges that can be installed on both sides of the opening.

The loops may differ in their location:

1. Light door leaves are equipped with 2 hinges at the top and bottom ends.
2. If the door is of medium weight, then a third hinge is required, at an equal distance from each other.
3. The heavy design requires the installation of 2 hinges on the top and bottom.
4. If the door is too high, then you need to install 4 hinges at an equal distance from each other.

It is important to decide where the door will be located. As a rule, home canvases are of the double-hinged type, and 4 loops are placed on each input structures. The price of the product as a whole does not affect the quality of the loop, since basically everything depends on the manufacturer and on the size and purpose of the product.

We install doors that open in both directions

As noted above, there are axial, hidden, and overlapping hinges, and there is another type of hinge - double-sided for hinged doors that open back and forth.

Such doors have a number of advantages over other types:

1. Automatic closing doors provide excellent heat retention. It would seem that this might be required indoors, however, if there is a heater in the room or if we're talking about about office buildings, That this type hinges are the most suitable.
2. Swing doors are ergonomic and very comfortable.
3. Maximum convenience, because no effort is required to open or close the doors.
4. If desired, you can install stops and bearings so that the doors do not swing open too much and do not come into contact, for example, with furniture or nearby walls.
5. Due to the fact that the hinges on such doors are used much more times, then they should be more durable and wear-resistant. It is advisable to choose those that have a galvanic coating.
6. Like any other hinges, you should choose double-sided hinges with decorative coating in gold, chrome, gold or nickel.

What types of door hinges are there (video)

Based on the data described above, we can conclude that the selection of loops is not so difficult. You just need to decide on the parameters of the door and hinge. As a rule, installation of awnings on interior doors is carried out using a screwdriver or a simple screwdriver and does not require special equipment.

The durability of the hinges depends on the reliability of the hinges. swing doors. But the correct choice and installation of hinges are no less important - an error will lead to sagging and distortion of the door leaf. What types of this fittings exist depending on the material of the door and frame, you will learn from our review.

Wooden doors

One of the most “old” versions of the door hinge still exists. This is a forged front loop that fully meets the definition of handmade. It is used in wood construction, and in decoratively she happens to be one of central elements front door design.

IN Soviet time the most common type was the mortise detachable hinge.

This model is still being installed. The lower part is attached to the box, and the upper part is attached to the canvas. With the door fully open, if the platbands do not interfere, the leaf can be removed without dismantling the hinges. This makes it possible to lubricate the hinge pin or put a washer on it if the door sag slightly and begins to catch on the floor (as a result of shrinkage of the house or shrinkage of the frame).

The mortise universal hinge is of the one-piece type. It consists of five hinges separated by four wide washers.

Part of the hinge (wing) with two outer and one central hinge is attached to the box. A wing with two hinges is cut into the end of the door leaf. Such a loop can withstand greater loads than a detachable one (with same sizes finger), but to remove the canvas, all hinges must be removed.

For interior doors there are models with decorative pattern on hinges and wings.

The one-piece type includes overhead “butterfly” hinges, in which one wing fits into the other.

And although the loop received its original name due to the figured shape of the inner wing, there are models with a rectangular inner part.

In addition to straight mortise hinges, there are corner models. In this species, both wings (or one of them) are made in the form of an angle. They are used in a box with a rebate; this type can be either one-piece or detachable.

The most difficult to install are hidden hinges.

Unlike conventional mortise hinges, another recess must be cut in the box and the end of the leaf to hide the hinge mechanism, which has three rotary axes. But this inconvenience is compensated by special decorative properties doors (when closed the hinge is not visible at all) and “wider” possibilities for opening it (up to 180°).

Screw-in hinges have a special installation method: the frame part is screwed into the front surface of the frame, and the return part is screwed into the end of the door leaf rebate. Therefore, such hinges are not suitable for ordinary doors. By design they are:

• with one pin and cover plate;
• with two pins;
• with three and four pins.

Moreover, in the latter case, such a loop has a special screw that allows you to adjust the position of the cam and the height of the blade relative to the box.

They are also called “spring”, since inside each axial cartridge there are springs that return the leaf to the plane of the door frame. Such doors open in both directions, so this mechanism is used for rooms with high traffic (hence the name “bar”).

Metal doors

For metal entrance doors, three types of hinges are most common.

1. Welded (drip). This is a kind of mortise hinge, each part of which is welded to the box and the canvas. The only drawback is open view. And although such a hinge has anti-removal pins, its resistance to burglary is lower than that of a hidden-mounted hinge.

2. Corner. Classic hinge for a rebated door. The hidden mounting part of the wings provides higher anti-burglary properties of the hinge.

3. Hidden. A special type of hinge whose mechanism is completely hidden in the box. It has absolute burglary resistance, but a long lever and increased bearing loads reduce durability.

Door hinges and crossbars are an integral part of any door unit. Through hinges, the door leaf is connected to door frame, and the crossbar, in turn, makes it difficult to open the doors freely, that is, due to its forward movement, the door leaf is locked.

Types of door hinges

A door hinge is a simple mechanism that secures a door to its frame. Door hinges are classified as follows:

• Classic or card door hinges are two plates movably connected to each other by a steel rod, the first of which is attached to the door leaf, and the second to the door frame.
• Double-sided hinges - open both inwards and outwards and, as a rule, are installed in in public places, because such hinges for interior doors, as a rule, are not needed.
• A butterfly hinge or an overhead hinge without a mortise - this design allows you to avoid cutting openings for hinges either in the door or in the frame.
• Screw-in hinges - designed for doors with a rebate; to install them, drill two holes for the hinge rods (one smooth, the other screw-shaped). The main rod then closes decorative finishing(hidden loops).

Types of crossbars

A door bolt is a special metal object with a body shape in the form of a rotating rod or resembling a hook. Depending on the design of the lock, there may be several bolts in it. They differ:

• According to their shape (bars, cylinders), width, length and materials from which they were made.
• According to the mechanism that sets the crossbar in motion - using a key (for entrance doors) or door handle(for interior doors).

Thus, before deciding what door hardware, hinges and crossbars you will buy, you must first decide on their purpose. For the rest, Leroy Merlin store consultants will help, they are highly professional and can answer any customer question.

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