Creation effective system heating large buildings significantly different from similar autonomous circuits cottages. The difference lies in the complexity of distribution and control of coolant parameters. Therefore, you should take a responsible approach to choosing a heating system for buildings: types, types, calculations, surveys. All these nuances are taken into account at the design stage of the structure.
Heating requirements for residential and administrative buildings
It should immediately be noted that the heating project for an administrative building must be carried out by the relevant bureau. Experts evaluate the parameters of the future building and according to the requirements regulatory documents choose optimal scheme heat supply.
Regardless of the selected types of building heating systems, they are subject to strict requirements. They are based on ensuring the safety of the heat supply, as well as the efficiency of the system:
- Sanitary and hygienic. These include uniform distribution temperatures in all rooms of the house. To do this, a heat calculation for heating the building is first performed;
- Construction. Job heating devices should not be deteriorated due to features structural elements buildings both inside and outside;
- Assembly. When choosing technological schemes installation, it is recommended to choose standardized units that can be quickly replaced with similar ones in case of failure;
- Operational. Maximum automation of heat supply operation. This is the primary task along with the thermotechnical calculation of the heating of the building.
In practice, proven design schemes are used, the choice of which depends on the type of heating. This is the determining factor for all subsequent stages of work on arranging heating for administrative or residential building.
When putting a new house into operation, residents have the right to demand copies of all technical documentation, including heating systems.
Types of building heating systems
How to choose the right type of heat supply for a building? First of all, the type of energy carrier is taken into account. Based on this, you can plan subsequent design stages.
There are certain types of building heating systems, differing both in operating principle and performance qualities. The most common is water heating, as it has unique qualities and can be relatively easily adapted to any type of building. After calculating the amount of heat for heating the building, you can choose following types heating supply:
- Autonomous water. Characterized by high inertia of air heating. However, along with this, it is the most popular type of building heating systems due to the wide variety of components and low maintenance costs;
- Central Water. In this case, water is the optimal type of coolant for its transportation over long distances - from the boiler room to consumers;
- Air. IN lately it is used as common system climate control in homes. It is one of the most expensive, which affects the inspection of the building’s heating system;
- Electrical. Despite low costs for the initial purchase of equipment, electric heating is the most expensive to maintain. If it is installed, heating calculations based on the volume of the building should be performed as accurately as possible in order to reduce planned costs.
What is recommended to choose as a home heating supply - electric, water or air heating? First of all, you need to calculate the thermal energy for heating the building and other types of design work. Based on the data obtained, the optimal heating scheme is selected.
For a private home best way heating supply - installation gas equipment in conjunction with a water heating system.
Types of heat supply calculations for buildings
At the first stage, it is necessary to calculate the thermal energy for heating the building. The essence of these calculations is to determine the heat losses of the house, select the power of the equipment and thermal regime heating operation.
To perform these calculations correctly, you should know the building parameters and take into account climatic features region. Before the advent of specialized software systems, all calculations of the amount of heat for heating a building were performed manually. In this case, there was a high probability of error. Now, using modern methods calculations, you can obtain the following characteristics for drawing up a heating project for an administrative building:
- Optimal heat supply load depending on external factors– outside temperature and the required degree of air heating in each room of the house;
- Correct selection of components for heating equipment, minimizing the cost of its acquisition;
- Possibility to upgrade the heating supply in the future. Reconstruction of the building's heating system is carried out only after coordination of the old and new schemes.
When making a heating project for an administrative or residential building, you need to be guided by a certain calculation algorithm.
The characteristics of the heat supply system must comply with current regulations. A list of them can be obtained from the state architectural organization.
Calculation of heat losses of buildings
The defining indicator heating system is the optimal amount of energy generated. It is also determined by heat losses in the building. Those. in fact, the work of the heat supply is designed to compensate for this phenomenon and maintain the temperature at a comfortable level.
To correctly calculate the heat needed to heat a building, you need to know the material used to make the outer walls. It is through them that most of the losses occur. The main characteristic is the thermal conductivity coefficient building materials– the amount of energy passing through 1 m² of wall.
The technology for calculating thermal energy for heating a building consists of the following steps:
- Determination of material of manufacture and thermal conductivity coefficient.
- Knowing the thickness of the wall, you can calculate the heat transfer resistance. This is the reciprocal of thermal conductivity.
- Then several heating operating modes are selected. This is the difference between the temperature in the supply and return pipes.
- Dividing the resulting value by the heat transfer resistance we get heat losses per 1 m² of wall.
For this technique, you need to know that the wall consists not only of bricks or reinforced concrete blocks. When calculating the power of a heating boiler and the heat loss of a building, thermal insulation and other materials must be taken into account. The total transmission resistance coefficient of the wall should not be less than the normalized value.
Only after this can you begin to calculate the power of heating devices.
For all data obtained for calculating heating by building volume, it is recommended to add a correction factor of 1.1.
Calculation of the power of equipment for heating buildings
To calculate optimal power heating supply, you should begin to decide on its type. Most often, difficulties arise when calculating water heating. To correctly calculate the power of a heating boiler and heat losses in a house, not only its area, but also its volume is taken into account.
The simplest option is to accept the ratio that heating 1 m³ of space will require 41 W of energy. However, such a calculation of the amount of heat for heating a building will not be entirely correct. It does not take into account heat losses, as well as the climatic features of a particular region. Therefore, it is best to use the method described above.
To calculate the heat supply by volume of the building, it is important to know the rated power of the boiler. To do this you need to know the following formula:
Where W– boiler power, S– area of the house, TO– correction factor.
The latter is a reference value and depends on the region of residence. Data about it can be taken from the table.
This technology allows you to perform an accurate thermal calculation of the heating of a building. At the same time, the heat supply capacity is checked in relation to the heat losses in the building. In addition, the purpose of the premises is taken into account. For living rooms The temperature level should be between +18°C and +22°C. The minimum heating level for areas and utility rooms is +16°C.
The choice of heating operating mode is practically independent of these parameters. It will determine the future load on the system depending on weather conditions. For apartment buildings Calculation of thermal energy for heating is done taking into account all the nuances and in accordance with regulatory technology. In autonomous heat supply, such actions do not need to be performed. It is important that the total thermal energy compensates for all heat losses in the house.
To reduce costs for independent heating It is recommended to use a low-temperature mode when calculating the volume of a building. But then the total area of the radiators should be increased in order to increase thermal output.
Building heating system maintenance
After a correct thermotechnical calculation of the building’s heat supply, it is necessary to know the mandatory list of regulatory documents for its maintenance. You need to know this in order to timely monitor the operation of the system, as well as minimize the occurrence of emergency situations.
Drawing up an inspection report for the heating system of the building is carried out only by representatives of the responsible company. This takes into account the specifics of the heat supply, its type and current condition. During the inspection of the building’s heating system, the following document items must be completed:
- Location of the house, its exact address.
- Link to the heat supply agreement.
- Number and location of heat supply devices - radiators and batteries.
- Measuring the temperature in the premises.
- Load change factor depending on current weather conditions.
To initiate an inspection of the heating system of your home, you must submit an application to the management company. It must indicate the reason - poor performance of the heat supply, an emergency, or a discrepancy between the current system parameters and standards.
According to current standards, during an accident, representatives of the management company must eliminate its consequences within a maximum of 6 hours. Also after this, a document is drawn up about the damage caused to the apartment owners due to the accident. If the reason is unsatisfactory condition, the management company must restore the apartments at its own expense or pay compensation.
Often, during the reconstruction of a building's heating system, it is necessary to replace some of its elements with more modern ones. Costs are determined by the fact of whose balance sheet the heating system is based on. The restoration of pipelines and other components not located in the apartments should be handled by the management company.
If the owner of the premises wanted to change the old cast iron batteries for modern ones, the following actions should be taken:
- IN management company a statement is drawn up indicating the apartment plan and the characteristics of future heating devices.
- After 6 days, the management company is obliged to provide technical specifications.
- According to them, equipment is selected.
- Installation is carried out at the expense of the apartment owner. But representatives of the Criminal Code must be present.
For autonomous heat supply In a private home, you don’t need to do any of this. Responsibilities for arranging and maintaining heating at the proper level rest entirely with the owner of the house. Exceptions are technical projects electrical and gas heating premises. For them, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the management company, as well as select and install equipment in accordance with the conditions terms of reference.
The video describes the features of radiator heating:
Our company is ready to develop - and, if necessary, implement - a heating system project for a home, office, store, warehouse and any other premises.
Below you see the "Heating" section from a real working documentation, developed by our specialists for a ten-story office building in the city of Tula. While working on this building heating project, we developed complete set all necessary documentation, including working. We also selected everything necessary equipment exactly matching both the needs of the heating project and the customer himself. By contacting us you can also order a home heating project, or non-residential premises. Here we have given examples of what will be included in a water heating project for a house.
Example of a heating project for an office building
Click on the pictures to enlarge:
Introductory part of the heating system project multi-storey building includes links to all important documents, descriptions of equipment and materials used. The project also indicates the method of installing the heating system and provides data on thermal engineering calculations.
Of course, the cost of such a heating project is proportional to its complexity. Creating a heating project for ten floors, 13 risers, designing all standard switching solutions - all this requires a lot of labor.
But for each project we will develop an individual solution that is suitable for it. And in in this case“Individual” does not mean “very expensive” at all! Heating is one of those engineering systems, where the use of standard solutions is not always economically feasible. Indeed, to calculate the power of the heating system, it is necessary to take into account huge amount variables. And in order to correctly fit heating systems into the design of a future home, you need to take into account the features of its design. That is why it is better to order a heating project specifically for your conditions, for your facility, and for your microclimate needs.
The price of a heating project includes a level of detail in which for each standard and non-standard unit and device, both piping diagrams and all the fittings used, the brand and size of pipes, the method of their fastening and installation are shown.
Floor plans for a building heating project
Separate drawings present three-dimensional diagrams for a house heating system project:
Download the heating project in one file: PDF; 1Mb
Heating project cost
The price of a heating project depends on many parameters: the type and size of the room, the need for automation or heat recovery, and much more. Developing a heating project can involve quite large number additional or non-standard sections. If you are interested exact cost ventilation project - call us or fill out the form below.
Order a heating project
To order a heating project for your premises and not waste extra time, effort and money, try to prepare answers to the following questions in advance:
- area, configuration and purpose of the room;
- location of the object (floor, number of floors, location on the cardinal points);
- design and composition of walls, roofs and/or interfloor ceilings;
- glazing area and window design;
- the number of people in the premises of the construction site and the operating hours;
- available sources thermal energy.
The answers to these questions will help us more accurately and, most importantly, quickly calculate the cost of your project. And for you - it will help you order a heating project much faster, saving your and our time.
Modern buildings imply the arrangement of modern building heating systems, with modern heating appliances and wiring.
Administrative and commercial buildings of the last century were characterized by low number of storeys and a traditional heating system. These buildings are located near residential buildings and are supplied with heat using a transit heating main directly from the house or directly from the central heating substation.
The pipelines were also laid according to a traditional riser pattern with dead-end or associated route routing, similar to the routing and heating project for an apartment in an old multi-storey building. From elevator unit pipelines are laid in the basement and rise up in risers, through all floors. The return line collects all the cooled water top floor, and if there is an attic - in the attic.
As heating devices in building heating system steel convectors were used as the cheapest or bulkiest cast iron radiators. As a rule, aesthetically unattractive appliances are covered with a decorative box in which a ventilation grille is installed to circulate heated air in the room.
Modern ones look completely different, even if they are not high-rise, only a few floors high, shopping centers, hotels and office centers.
Each new building has its own flavor: some are strict and laconic, others are new-fangled architectural masterpieces. Each such building tries to surprise not only with architectural ideas on the outside, but also with something unusual and original from the inside.
Some people use fireplace rooms lined with natural stone, someone original aquariums in color glass mosaic, someone has huge stained glass windows. Therefore, in such buildings, halls, foyers and meeting rooms are designed completely differently. heating systems.
The central rooms of such buildings, without exception, are emphasized with beautiful heating devices.
Foyer with stained glass windows can be decorated with convectors built into the floor with beautiful decorative grilles, conference room or reception area with stylish tubular radiators "Arbonia" or domestic analogues "Kimry", and sports halls with warm banquet benches, the basis of which are heating elements, and the top is designed in the form of a wooden seat.
For new buildings, new collector systems are used accordingly. heating systems, and completely different, previously unused materials, such as plastic pipes and manifold cabinets.
A heating project for an administrative building, which contains all the drawings, plans and axonometric (installation) diagrams, will help you correctly install the collector wiring. The diagrams indicate the routing of pipes and their diameters, materials to prevent damage to pipelines.
Regardless of whether the system in the task is traditional or modern, a competent approach and experienced installers are required. The operation of buildings and filling the heating system is the same for everyone. We conclude contracts for all types of work and provide guarantees, which is important for the customer.
Obviously, in conditions Russian climate Having a heating system in the office is simply necessary. The office heating system creates and maintains an optimal temperature for people inside office premises for heating season. Thanks to the heating system, comfortable working conditions are created for office employees during the cold season. There are various types heating systems in office and administrative buildings and premises. The choice of a specific type of heating system depends on many conditions, the wishes of the customer and the characteristics of the object in question, therefore the final decision on the choice of the type of heating system should be made by professional engineers, contact the specialists of the Thermodynamics company, accurate and truthful information, we will advise and answer all questions , we will develop and implement a heating system project, promptly carry out installation and commissioning, we will provide service support. Let's look at the types of heating systems for offices and office buildings.
The most common heating system is water heating
In most cases, in Russia, a water heating system (water heating) is used for heating office and administrative buildings and premises. In this system, the coolant is water, and its heating occurs either in an individual boiler room or in local heat exchangers. Typically, the heat source in an individual boiler room is a gas boiler; diesel boilers are also used as an alternative. The choice of material for the pipeline system is also important (steel and polypropylene pipes, pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene), as well as the choice of the type of heating devices - they use wall-mounted and floor-mounted heating radiators, convectors. All these nuances must be taken into account during the design process; an experienced design engineer will take into account all the Client’s wishes, the amount of pressure and pressure in the heating system, and the number of floors of the building. Recently, for heating offices and premises in administrative buildings, a heating system based on water has begun to be used. heated floors, which creates the maximum comfortable conditions for office employees. However, it is economically feasible to install a heating system based on water-based heated floors in buildings under construction, since its organization in existing offices will require significant capital investments. Most modern office centers install chiller-fan coil ventilation and air conditioning systems, which winter time They can also be used for heating office premises.
An alternative to water heating is electric heating.
It is used exclusively if it is impossible to install a water heating system; the heat source in this heating system is an electric boiler that converts electrical energy from the network to the thermal one. In this case, replacing with water heated floors are electric, the heating element in them is a special electrical cable, mounted into the floor screed. Also used as heating devices electric convectors and oil heaters. Significant disadvantage electrical system heating is a relatively high consumption of expensive electricity; it is one of the most expensive types of heating.
Energy saving and savings
The main directions for increasing the efficiency of heating systems in office and administrative buildings are a set of works aimed at insulating the outer contour of office buildings, insulating walls and ceilings. All exits from the building must be equipped with vestibules and air-thermal curtains - this will prevent the penetration of cold air into the heated premises when employees enter or exit. Automatic thermostats must be installed on heating radiators - they will prevent heating of the air in the heated room above the required and sufficient temperature. Individual boiler rooms and heating points ITP should be equipped with systems that will automatically regulate the heating temperature of the coolant depending on the outside air temperature, and completely eliminate unnecessary heating of the coolant and associated unnecessary financial costs. Don’t forget about high-quality thermal insulation of heating mains, pipes and heating system components.
Only experienced specialists from Thermodynamics company can take into account all these nuances; we will offer optimal options solutions for each specific case.