Scientific discoveries gave humanity a lot original ideas. In rainy weather or when bored, some of them will become in a great way have some fun. We offer you 10 cool experiments. They can be carried out at home even by children, but preferably under adult supervision. These experiments use basic ingredients that are always available in the kitchen. Simple but interesting tricks are based on the principles of chemistry, physics and biology. Well, let's get started!
Learning to separate egg yolk using an empty bottle
What you will need: a raw egg, two bowls (or plates), empty bottle from water.
Progress of the experiment. Squeeze the bottle to release some of the air. Then bring its neck close to the egg on the plate, almost close. Having unclenched plastic container, you will see how the yolk is sucked inside the bottle - together with the air, it rushes to occupy the empty volume.
Why is this happening? After compression, some of the air was “squeezed out,” which means that the pressure outside became greater. Thus, the air literally “pushes” the yolk into the bottle.
Experiment: Create Non-Newtonian Matter
What will you need? Water, cornstarch, deep mixing bowl, food coloring. Put it on old clothes to avoid getting dirty, cover the table with oilcloth.
Progress of the experiment. Pour a glass of water into a deep bowl, then add a glass of cornstarch into the same bowl and mix everything well. You can add food coloring if desired. Now slowly dip your hand into the mixture. As you can see, this is very easy to do. Do the same thing, but with force - as a result, the substance will “repel” your hand.
Why is this happening? Oobleck is a non-Newtonian substance. Sometimes (for example, when it is poured), it appears as a liquid. But! When you put pressure on the mixture, it behaves like solid, and upon impact it can even have a repulsive effect.
Soda and vinegar - instead of a pump!
What we need: regular vinegar, bottles with a narrow neck, balloons, baking soda.
Progress of the experiment. A mini-geyser is made using a similar principle, but we slightly modify the well-known experiment. Pour 50–100 grams of vinegar into bottles. Having made a roll of paper, we put one end of it in balloon ik that needs to be inflated. Inside the other end of a kind of tube we pour 2-3 tablespoons of soda. Now you need to carefully place the balls on the necks of the bottles. Be careful not to let the baking soda spill out of these rubber containers prematurely. The preparations are completed, you can start the fun part. Pour the contents of the balls into the bottle and enjoy watching.
Why is this happening? The molecules of soda and vinegar instantly combine and a powerful reaction occurs. As a result, carbon dioxide (CO 2) is produced, which inflates the balloon so much that it can even explode.
Coloring flowers using the capillary method
What we need: fresh white flowers (daisies and carnations are great, if you don’t have flowers you can even use celery), glass jar, food coloring, scissors. We also advise you to be patient, since you will see the full result of the experiment only after 24 hours. But after some time you can watch how an amazing transformation takes place.
Progress of the experiment. Pour water inside the jar and add dye of any color there. We dip flowers into this liquid and watch how the delicate white petals gradually turn a different color.
Why is this happening? Water evaporates from the flower's petals, so the stem absorbs the colored liquid from the jar. Gradually the colored liquid reaches its petals.
Determining the amount of sugar in soda
What will you need? Unopened cans of diet and sugary drinks, a large container of water (a bath will also work for this experiment).
Progress of the experiment. Immerse soda cans in water. Not all of them will sink to the bottom. Those that remain floating below the surface contain a lot of sugar. Fans of diets can safely drink “heavy” drinks.
What is the reason for this discrepancy? The density of regular and diet carbonated drinks is different, and its value is affected by the sugar content. As a result, some cans flounder in the water, while diet drinks safely go to the bottom.
Magic bag
What you will need: A bag with a special plastic zipper, a couple of sharpened pencils, a mug of water. We recommend doing the experiment over a sink or bathtub, as the temptation to pull out the pencils after the experiment will be great!
Progress of the experiment. Fill the bag with water and zip it up. Then we quickly pierce it through with several pencils, one at a time. As you can see, the holes did not even create a gap - the bag remained completely sealed.
Why is this happening? The tightly sealed bag is made from flexible polymers. When punctured, the plastic surface seals tightly around the pencil, so it does not leak.
Cleaning copper coins at home
What do we need? Tarnished coins, 1/4 cup white vinegar, one teaspoon salt, cup water, two bowls (non-metal), paper towels. We recommend wearing glasses to protect your eyes.
Progress of the experiment. Pour water, vinegar into a bowl and add salt. IN ready solution place the coins. After some time, we evaluate the degree of their purification.
How it works? The acetic acid reacts with the salt to help clear the copper oxide from the copper pennies. Rinse the coins with water after the experiment, otherwise they will turn greenish. After clearing ten copper coins, do another interesting experiment. Place a metal coin in the old solution. You will see the steel color change to yellowish. This happened because the metal attracted copper oxide molecules.
Flying ghosts
What do we need? An inflated balloon, ghosts cut out of tissue paper, and something to generate static electricity (your clothes or hair will work for this purpose!).
Progress of the experiment. We glue the paper figures at one end to the table using tape. Then we rub the balloon hard on clothes or hair, and bring it closer to the lying silhouettes. Oh no! The ghosts have woken up and are trying to take off!
How it works? Rubbing a rubber ball against fabric or hair creates a negative charge on the surface, which attracts paper ghosts to itself.
Dancing Raisins Experience
What we need: raisins, a bottle of mineral water, a transparent drinking glass
Progress of the experiment. This experience is extremely simple. Pour into a glass mineral water. Add a handful of raisins there and watch them “dance” in the glass container.
Why is this happening? Tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide (CO2) cling to the uneven surface of the raisins. As a result, they become lighter and rise to the surface, where the bubbles burst. Then the raisins become heavy and fall back down, where they are again overtaken by CO 2 bubbles.
Colored milk painting
What do we need? Two plastic dishes, milk, food coloring, cotton swabs, liquid soap. Since we will be dealing with dyes, it is advisable to cover your clothes with an apron.
Progress of the experiment. Pour a little milk into the bowl - just enough to cover the bottom. Then we drop colored dye onto its surface. Having dipped a cotton swab in liquid soap, we touch the epicenter of the color inclusions on the milky surface. Now we begin to draw surreal stains.
Why is this happening? Food coloring is not as dense as milk, so the drops will stick to the surface at first. But adding soap to the tip of a cotton swab breaks the surface tension of the milk by dissolving the fat molecules. The paint molecules move smoothly along the milky surface, pushing off the soap layer.
Do these interesting experiments at home, with children or in a friendly company. You yourself won’t notice how quickly the time flies while enjoying this useful entertainment, and the inquisitive minds of young know-it-alls will board new scientific peaks.
Home experiments for 4-year-old children require imagination and knowledge of the simple laws of chemistry and physics. “If these sciences were not taught very well at school, you will have to make up for lost time,” many parents will think. This is not so, experiments can be very simple, not requiring special knowledge, skills and reagents, but at the same time explaining the fundamental laws of nature.
Experiments for children at home will help to practical example explain the properties of substances and the laws of their interaction, will awaken interest in independent exploration of the world around us. Interesting physical experiments They will teach children to be observant, help them think logically, establishing patterns between ongoing events and their consequences. Perhaps the kids will not become great chemists, physicists or mathematicians, but they will forever retain warm memories of parental attention in their souls.
From this article you will learn
Unfamiliar paper
Kids like to make appliqués out of paper and draw pictures. Some 4-year-old children learn the art of origami with their parents. Everyone knows that paper is soft or thick, white or colored. What can an ordinary person do? White list paper, if you experiment with it?
An animated paper flower
Cut out a star from a sheet of paper. Its rays bend inward in the form of a flower. Fill a cup with water and lower the star onto the surface of the water. After some time, the paper flower, as if alive, will begin to open. The water will wet the cellulose fibers that make up the paper and spread them out.
Strong bridge
This paper experiment will be interesting for children 3 years old. Ask your kids how to place an apple in the middle of a thin sheet of paper between two glasses so that it doesn't fall. How can you make a paper bridge strong enough to support the weight of an apple? We fold a sheet of paper into an accordion shape and place it on the supports. Now it can support the weight of the apple. This can be explained by the fact that the shape of the structure has changed, which made the paper strong enough. The properties of materials that become stronger depending on their shape are the basis for the designs of many architectural creations, for example, the Eiffel Tower.
An animated snake
Scientific evidence of movement warm air upward can be brought with the help of simple experience. A snake is cut out of paper by cutting a circle in a spiral. You can revive a paper snake very simply. A small hole is made in her head and suspended by a thread above a heat source (battery, heater, burning candle). The snake will begin to rotate quickly. The reason for this phenomenon is the upward warm flow air that unwinds the paper snake. This is exactly how you can make paper birds or butterflies, beautiful and colorful, by hanging them under the ceiling in your apartment. They will rotate from the movement of air, as if flying.
Who is stronger
This fun experiment will help you determine which paper shape is stronger. For the experiment you will need three sheets of office paper, glue and several thin books. A column is glued from one sheet of paper cylindrical, from another – triangular shape, and from the third – rectangular. They place the “columns” vertically and test them for strength, carefully placing books on top. As a result of the experiment, it turns out that the triangular column is the weakest, and the cylindrical column is the strongest - it will withstand heaviest weight. It is not for nothing that columns in churches and buildings are made in a cylindrical shape; the load on them is distributed evenly over the entire area.
Amazing salt
Regular salt is found in every home today; no meal can be prepared without it. You can try making beautiful children's crafts from this affordable product. All you need is salt, water, wire and a little patience.
Salt has interesting properties. It can attract water to itself, dissolving in it, thereby increasing the density of the solution. But in a supersaturated solution, the salt again turns into crystals.
To conduct an experiment with salt, bend a beautiful symmetrical snowflake or other figure from a wire. In a jar with warm water dissolve the salt until it stops dissolving. Dip a bent wire into a jar and place it in the shade for several days. As a result, the wire will become overgrown with salt crystals, and will look like a beautiful ice snowflake that will not melt.
Water and ice
Water exists in three states of aggregation: steam, liquid and ice. The purpose of this experiment is to introduce children to the properties of water and ice and compare them.
Pour water into 4 ice trays and place them in the freezer. To make it more interesting, you can tint the water before freezing. different dyes. Poured into a cup cold water, and throw two ice cubes there. Simple ice boats or icebergs will float on the surface of the water. This experiment will prove that ice is lighter than water.
While the boats are floating, the remaining ice cubes are sprinkled with salt. They'll see what happens. Through a short time, before the indoor float in the cup has time to sink (if the water is quite cold), the cubes sprinkled with salt will begin to crumble. This is explained by the fact that the freezing point of salt water is lower than normal water.
Fire that doesn't burn
In ancient times, when Egypt was a powerful country, Moses fled from the wrath of Pharaoh and tended flocks in the desert. One day he saw a strange bush that was burning and did not burn. It was a special fire. Can objects that are engulfed in ordinary flame remain safe and sound? Yes, this is possible, this can be proven through experience.
For the experiment you will need a sheet of paper or banknote. A tablespoon of alcohol and two tablespoons of water. The paper is moistened with water so that the water is absorbed into it, alcohol is poured on top and set on fire. Fire appears. This is burning alcohol. When the fire goes out, the paper will remain intact. The experimental result can be explained very simply - the combustion temperature of alcohol, as a rule, is not enough to evaporate the moisture with which the paper is impregnated.
Natural indicators
If your child wants to feel like a real chemist, you can make special paper for him that will change color depending on the acidity of the environment.
Natural indicator prepared from juice red cabbage containing anthocyanin. This substance changes color depending on what liquid it comes into contact with. IN acidic solution paper impregnated with anthocyanin will be colored yellow, in a neutral solution it will turn green, and in an alkaline solution it will turn blue.
To prepare a natural indicator, take filter paper, a head of red cabbage, cheesecloth and scissors. Chop the cabbage thinly and squeeze the juice through cheesecloth, squeezing it with your hands. Soak a sheet of paper in juice and dry. Then cut the made indicator into strips. The child can dip a piece of paper into four different liquids: milk, juice, tea or soap solution, and watch how the color of the indicator changes.
Electrification by friction
In ancient times, people noticed the special ability of amber to attract light objects if rubbed woolen fabric. They did not yet have knowledge about electricity, so they explained this property by the spirit living in the stone. Exactly from Greek name amber - electron and the word electricity originated.
Such amazing properties not only amber has. You can conduct a simple experiment to see how a glass rod or plastic comb attracts small pieces of paper. To do this, rub the glass with silk and the plastic with wool. They will begin to attract small pieces of paper that will stick to them. Over time, this ability of items will disappear.
You can discuss with children that this phenomenon occurs due to electrification by friction. If fabric rubs quickly against an object, sparks may appear. Lightning in the sky and thunder are also a consequence of friction air flow and the occurrence of electrical discharges in the atmosphere.
Solutions of different densities - interesting details
Get a colorful rainbow in a glass of liquids different colors You can prepare the jelly and pour it layer by layer. But there is a simpler way, although not as tasty.
To carry out the experiment you will need sugar, vegetable oil, plain water and dyes. Concentrated sweet syrup is prepared from sugar, and clean water painted with dye. Sugar syrup is poured into a glass, then clean water is poured carefully along the wall of the glass so that the liquids do not mix, and vegetable oil is added at the end. The sugar syrup should be cold and the colored water should be warm. All liquids will remain in the glass like a small rainbow, without mixing with each other. The thickest sugar syrup will be at the bottom, the water will be at the top, and the lightest oil will be on top of the water.
Color explosion
Another interesting experiment can be carried out using different densities of vegetable oil and water, creating a color explosion in a jar. For the experiment you will need a jar of water, a few tablespoons of vegetable oil, and food coloring. In a small container, mix several dry food colors with two tablespoons of vegetable oil. Dry grains of dyes do not dissolve in oil. Now the oil is poured into a jar of water. Heavy grains of dye will settle to the bottom, gradually freeing themselves from the oil, which will remain on the surface of the water, forming colored swirls, as if from an explosion.
Home volcano
Useful geographic knowledge may not be so boring for a four-year-old if you provide a visual demonstration of a volcano erupting on an island. To carry out the experiment you will need baking soda, vinegar, 50 ml of water and the same amount of detergent.
A small plastic cup or bottle is placed in the mouth of a volcano, molded from colored plasticine. But first, baking soda is poured into a glass, water tinted red and detergent are poured. When the improvised volcano is ready, a little vinegar is poured into its mouth. A rapid foaming process begins due to the fact that soda and vinegar react. “Lava” formed by red foam begins to pour out of the volcano’s mouth.
Experiments for 4-year-old children, as you have seen, do not require complex reagents. But they are no less fascinating, especially with interesting story about the reason for what is happening.
And learn with them peace and wonders of physical phenomena? Then we invite you to our “experimental laboratory”, in which we will tell you how to create simple, but very interesting experiments for children.
Experiments with eggs
Egg with salt
The egg will sink to the bottom if you place it in a glass with plain water, but what happens if you add it to water salt? The result is very interesting and can clearly show interesting facts about density.
You will need:
- Salt
- Tumbler.
Instructions:
1. Fill half the glass with water.
2. Add a lot of salt to the glass (about 6 tablespoons).
3. We interfere.
4. Carefully lower the egg into the water and watch what happens.
Explanation
Salt water has a higher density than regular tap water. It is the salt that brings the egg to the surface. And if you add to an existing one salt water fresh, the egg will gradually sink to the bottom.
Egg in a bottle
Did you know that a boiled whole egg can easily be placed in a bottle?
You will need:
- A bottle with a neck diameter smaller than the diameter of an egg
- Hard boiled egg
- Matches
- Some paper
- Vegetable oil.
Instructions:
1. Lubricate the neck of the bottle with vegetable oil.
2. Now set fire to the paper (you can just use a few matches) and immediately throw it into the bottle.
3. Place an egg on the neck.
When the fire goes out, the egg will be inside the bottle.
Explanation
The fire provokes heating of the air in the bottle, which comes out. After the fire goes out, the air in the bottle will begin to cool and compress. Therefore, a low pressure is created in the bottle, and the external pressure forces the egg into the bottle.
Ball experiment
This experiment shows how rubber and orange peel interact with each other.
You will need:
- Balloon
- Orange.
Instructions:
1. inflate balloon.
2. Peel the orange, but do not throw away the orange peel (zest).
3. Squeeze the orange zest over the ball until it pops.
Explanation.
Orange zest contains the substance limonene. It is capable of dissolving rubber, which is what happens to the ball.
Candle experiment
An interesting experiment showing ignition of a candle from a distance.
You will need:
- Regular candle
- Matches or lighter.
Instructions:
1. Light a candle.
2. After a few seconds, put it out.
3. Now bring the burning flame close to the smoke coming from the candle. The candle will start burning again.
Explanation
The smoke rising from an extinguished candle contains paraffin, which quickly ignites. The burning paraffin vapor reaches the wick, and the candle begins to burn again.
Soda with vinegar
A balloon that inflates itself is a very interesting sight.
You will need:
- Bottle
- Glass of vinegar
- 4 teaspoons soda
- Balloon.
Instructions:
1. Pour a glass of vinegar into the bottle.
2. Pour baking soda into the ball.
3. We put the ball on the neck of the bottle.
4. Slowly place the ball vertically while pouring the baking soda into the bottle with vinegar.
5. We watch the balloon inflate.
Explanation
If you add baking soda to vinegar, a process called soda slaking occurs. During this process, it is released carbon dioxide, which inflates our balloon.
Invisible ink
Play secret agent with your child and create your own invisible ink.
You will need:
- Half a lemon
- Spoon
- A bowl
- Cotton swab
- White paper
- Lamp.
Instructions:
1. Squeeze some lemon juice into a bowl and add the same amount of water.
2. Dip a cotton swab into the mixture and write something on white paper.
3. Wait until the juice dries and becomes completely invisible.
4. When you are ready to read the secret message or show it to someone else, heat the paper by holding it close to a light bulb or fire.
Explanation
Lemon juice is organic matter, which oxidizes and turns brown when heated. Diluted lemon juice in water makes it hard to see on paper, and no one will know there is lemon juice until it warms up.
Other substances which work on the same principle:
- Orange juice
- Milk
- Onion juice
- Vinegar
- Wine.
How to make lava
You will need:
- Sunflower oil
- Juice or food coloring
- Transparent vessel (can be a glass)
- Any effervescent tablets.
Instructions:
1. First, pour the juice into a glass so that it fills approximately 70% of the container’s volume.
2. Fill the rest of the glass with sunflower oil.
3. Now wait until the juice separates from the sunflower oil.
4. We throw a tablet into a glass and observe an effect similar to lava. When the tablet dissolves, you can throw another one.
Explanation
Oil separates from water because it has a lower density. Dissolving in the juice, the tablet releases carbon dioxide, which captures parts of the juice and lifts it to the top. The gas leaves the glass completely when it reaches the top, causing the juice particles to fall back down.
The tablet fizzes due to what it contains citric acid and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Both of these ingredients react with water to form sodium citrate and carbon dioxide gas.
Ice experiment
At first glance, you might think that the ice cube on top will eventually melt, which should cause the water to spill, but is this really so?
You will need:
- Cup
- Ice cubes.
Instructions:
1. Fill the glass with warm water to the very top.
2. Carefully lower the ice cubes.
3. Watch the water level carefully.
As the ice melts, the water level does not change at all.
Explanation
When water freezes to ice, it expands, increasing its volume (which is why even heating pipes). Water from melted ice takes up less space than the ice itself. Therefore, when the ice cube melts, the water level remains approximately the same.
How to make a parachute
find out about air resistance, making a small parachute.
You will need:
- Plastic bag or other lightweight material
- Scissors
- A small load (possibly some kind of figurine).
Instructions:
1. Cut a large square from a plastic bag.
2. Now we cut the edges so that we get an octagon (eight identical sides).
3. Now we tie 8 pieces of thread to each corner.
4. Don't forget to make a small hole in the middle of the parachute.
5. Tie the other ends of the threads to a small weight.
6. We use a chair or find a high point to launch the parachute and check how it flies. Remember that the parachute should fly as slowly as possible.
Explanation
When the parachute is released, the weight pulls it down, but with the help of the lines, the parachute takes up a large area that resists the air, causing the weight to slowly descend. How larger area surface of the parachute, the more this surface resists falling, and the slower the parachute will descend.
A small hole in the middle of the parachute allows air to flow through it slowly, rather than having the parachute tumble to one side.
How to make a tornado
Find out, how to make a tornado in a bottle with this fun science experiment for kids. The items used in the experiment are easy to find in everyday life. Made home mini tornado much safer than the tornadoes shown on television in the American steppes.
Entertaining chemical experiments will prepare children to study chemistry at school. Most of the experiments carried out at home are not dangerous, educational, and effective. Some experiments are provided with a written description, which will help explain to the child the essence of the processes taking place and awaken interest in chemical science.
When conducting chemical experiments must be observed at home following rules security:
Simple experiments for little ones
Chemical experiments for young children conducted in home environment, do not require any special substances.
Colored bubbles
For one such experiment you will need:
- fruit juice;
- sunflower oil;
- 2 effervescent tablets;
- decorative transparent container.
Stages of experience:
You can create bubbles with a stronger shell yourself by mixing water and dishwashing detergent in a 2:1 combination + a little granulated sugar. If you add glycerin instead of sugar, the bubbles will be very high. large sizes. Adding to soap solution food coloring will create colored glowing bubbles.
Night light
You can make a night light at home using simple substances. To do this you will need:
- tomato;
- syringe;
- sulfur heads from matches;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- bleach.
Sequencing:
- Place sulfur in a bowl, add bleach, and leave for a while.
- Draw the mixture into a syringe and prick the tomato from all sides.
- To start chemical reaction hydrogen peroxide must be introduced. This is also done with a syringe in the place where the petiole was located.
- Being in dark room, the tomato will emit soft light.
Carefully! You can no longer eat this tomato.
Sizzling balls
You can make your own sizzling balls for children's bathing.
During work, hands should be protected with gloves.
Sequencing:
Floating worms
For the next experiment you will need:
- 3 jelly worm candies without sugar sprinkles;
- soda;
- acetic acid;
- water;
- glass glasses.
Stages of work:
- The first glass is half filled with acetic acid.
- Pour warm water into the second glass and dilute 60 g of soda.
- Place candy in the solution and leave for 15 minutes.
- Remove the candies from the soda solution and place them in a glass with the essence.
- The surface of the candy will immediately become covered with bubbles; they will continuously rise to the surface and fall to the bottom of the glass. This happens because the soda first fills the pores of the candy, then, reacting with vinegar, it releases carbon dioxide, which raises the candy to the top.
- When they come into contact with air, the bubbles burst, the candy sinks to the bottom and again becomes covered with bubbles and rises.
Experiments for older children
Chemical experiments for children at home can be more complex and interesting.
Volcano
So, any schoolchild can simulate a volcanic eruption at home:
Colored foam
To experience creating colored foam you will need:
Sequencing:
- The glasses are placed on a tray, half filled with soda, and dyes are added.
- Mix vinegar with detergent and pour into glasses.
- Colored foam will come out of each glass. You can pour the vinegar mixture into glasses several times until all the soda is released.
Malachite egg
Coloring experiment chicken egg in malachite color long lasting but interesting:
- To do this, remove the contents from the egg: make 2 holes and blow it out.
- For weight, a little plasticine is placed into an empty egg.
- Dissolve a spoon in 0.5 liters of water copper sulfate(This can be purchased at a hardware store).
- Dip the egg into the solution; the shell should be completely immersed in the solution.
- After a few days, gas bubbles will appear.
- After a week, the shell will acquire a light blue-green color.
- After a month, the color of the shell will become rich malachite.
Fireworks
Making fireworks with your own hands:
- Magnesium shavings are very finely ground.
- Sulfur match heads are separated from the wood. You will need 2-3 boxes of matches. Crushed magnesium is mixed with sulfur powder.
- Take a metal tube and seal one of the holes tightly with plaster.
- Pour a mixture of magnesium and sulfur into the tube. The mixture should not occupy more than half of the tube.
- The tube is wrapped several times with foil. A wick is inserted into the free hole.
- Such fireworks can only be exploded in deserted places.
Coloring water blue
For coloring colorless liquids Blue colour needed:
- alcohol solution of iodine;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- vitamin C tablet;
- starch;
- glass glasses.
Performing the experiment step by step:
- A vitamin C tablet is ground into powder and dissolved in 55 ml of warm water.
- Pour 5 ml of the resulting solution into a glass, add 5 ml of iodine and 55 ml of heated water. The iodine should become discolored.
- Separately mix 18 ml of hydrogen peroxide, 5 g of starch, 55 ml of water.
- The iodine solution is poured back and forth into the starch solution several times.
- The colorless liquid will turn dark blue. Iodine loses color when it reacts with vitamin C. Starch turns blue when mixed with iodine.
Simple experiments on the properties of metals
Chemical experiments for children at home can be carried out with metals.
For simple experiments will need:
- fire;
- pieces of various metals;
- foil;
- copper sulfate;
- ammonia;
- acid.
To experiment with copper wire, a small piece of metal is twisted into a spiral and heated strongly over a fire. Then immediately lower it into a container with ammonia. The reaction will occur instantly: the metal will begin to hiss, and the black coating formed when exposed to fire will disappear. Copper wire will shine again. It is better to do the experiment several times, then the color of the ammonia will turn blue.
For next experience you will need solid iodine, crushed aluminum, warm water. Iodine is mixed with aluminum in equal parts. Water is added to the mixture. The powder begins to burn, releasing purple smoke.
Another experiment will involve:
- chrome-plated paper clip;
- galvanized steel nail;
- pure steel screw;
- acetic acid;
- 3 test tubes.
Stages of experience:
- Metal objects are placed in test tubes, filled with acid, and left for observation. In the first days, hydrogen evolution is observed.
- On the 4th day, the acid in test tubes with coated metal objects begins to turn red. In a test tube with a steel screw, the acid becomes Orange color, a precipitate appears.
- After 2 weeks in a test tube with a paper clip, the acid turns red, but only in upper layers. Where the paperclip is located, the acid is colorless. After removing the paperclip, you can see that it appearance not changed.
- The acid in a test tube with a nail is colored with a smooth transition from red to pale yellow. The nail hasn't changed.
- In the 3rd test tube, layered coloration of the liquid and sediment are also observed. The screw turned black, the upper microlayers of the metal collapsed.
Conclusion: unprotected iron is susceptible to corrosion.
For the next experiment, you need to prepare a blue solution of copper sulfate (dissolve several crystals in water, stir). Place non-rusty nails in a test tube and fill with solution. After some time, the solution will turn green and the nails will turn copper-colored. This happened because iron displaced copper from the liquid, and the displaced copper settled on metal objects.
To conduct the “Hydrogen Glove” experiment you will need:
Sequencing:
- The saline solution and copper sulfate solution are simultaneously poured into the flask. When mixed, a sea-green liquid is obtained.
- Make a lump of foil and place it in the hole of the flask. Immediately, hydrogen begins to rapidly evolve.
- Put a rubber glove on the neck, it will instantly fill with gas.
- When the glove comes into contact with fire, it ruptures and the gas ignites. The liquid in the vessel gradually acquires a dirty gray tint.
The most spectacular chemical experiments for children
Chemical experiments for children at home are very diverse, and some are very impressive.
Colored foam
To make a large number of colored foam you need:
Bleached green
For the experiment on bleaching greenery you will need:
- brilliant green solution;
- glasses;
- bleach;
- ammonia;
- vinegar;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- pills activated carbon.
Sequencing:
- Water is poured into 6 glasses, a drop of greenery is added to each.
- The 1st glass is set aside for comparison, bleach is added to 2, ammonia to 3, peroxide to 4.
- Ammonia instantly discolors the liquid.
- Small bubbles appeared in the glass with bleach, and the solution became colorless.
- Hydrogen peroxide will discolor the liquid gradually, over about 15 minutes.
- Adding vinegar to the solution will make the liquid brighter.
- After 30 min. the liquid becomes lighter.
- Activated carbon brightens the solution.
Pharaoh snake
Conducting an experiment called “Pharaoh’s Snake” will require:
Stages of experience:
- The sand is soaked in alcohol and formed into a cone.
- A recess is made at the top.
- Mix soda with sugar and pour into the well.
- The soaked sand is set on fire.
- The mixture will turn into black balls, soda and sugar will begin to decompose.
- After burning the alcohol, a snake will appear, consisting of the products of burning sugar.
Pharaoh's snake made from sugar and soda:
Fire without a spark
To create a fire without a spark, you need potassium permanganate, glycerin and paper.
Sequencing:
- Place approximately 1.5 g of potassium permanganate powder in the center of a sheet of paper, cover with the free edge of the sheet.
- Apply 3 drops of glycerin to the paper in the place where the powder is located.
- After 30 seconds, potassium permanganate will begin to hiss, smoke and produce black foam. The exothermic reaction will heat the paper and it will catch fire.
Fireworks
To make small fireworks at home, you need to choose a small fireproof dish with a long handle.
Sequencing:
- On a paper sheet you need to pour a crushed tablet of activated carbon, the same amount of potassium permanganate and the same amount of iron filings.
- Fold a piece of paper in half to combine the powders (powders should not be mixed with spoons or spatulas; they may ignite).
- Carefully pour into a fireproof container and heat over the burner. After a few seconds. the heated mixture will begin to emit sparks.
Chemistry sets for children
Chemical experiments for children at home will help you carry out special sets of substances and tools.
Experiment kit “Vulcan”
Designed for children over 14 years old, it allows you to independently reproduce the eruption of a small volcano.
Equipment:
To conduct the experiment, you first need to make the volcano itself; sand or gypsum is suitable as a material. When the mountain has frozen, a special powder is poured into the depression and set on fire. The substance begins to burn spectacularly, throwing out sparks, and ash appears.
The advantages of such an experiment include a visual representation of flammable substances. Disadvantages: availability harmful substances, can only be used once.
Price: 440 rub.
Chemistry set
The kit provides for growing crystals at home.
The set includes:
- ammonium crystal;
- dye;
- polypropylene container;
- gloves;
- colored glass base;
- stirring tool;
- instructions.
Stages of work:
- Pour crystalline powder into a container and mix with 150 ml of boiling water.
- Stir until completely dissolved.
- The base of the crystal is immersed in the liquid.
- Cover with a lid for 60 minutes.
- Add a substance to form a crystal into the cooled water and close the lid.
- After a day, remove the lid.
- Wait until the top of the crystal appears above the water.
- The water is drained, the crystal is removed and dried.
The experiment is very interesting for children and is practically safe, but it will take at least 4 days to complete.
Cost of the set: 350 rub.
Set for chemical experiments “Traffic light”
Set includes:
- sodium hydroxide;
- glucose;
- indigo carmine;
- 2 measuring cups;
- gloves.
Sequence of experience:
- Glucose (4 tablets) is dissolved in 1 glass using a small amount of boiling water. Add 10 mg sodium hydroxide solution.
- A little indigo carmine is dissolved in the 2nd glass.
- A solution of glucose and alkali is poured into the resulting blue liquid.
- When mixing the solutions, the liquid will turn green (oxygen in the air oxidizes indigo carmine).
- Gradually the solution will turn red, then yellow. If the vessel with the yellow solution is shaken, the liquid will turn green again, then red and yellow.
The experiment is spectacular, interesting and safe. The disadvantages include insufficient detailed instructions.
Set price: 350 rub.
Advantages and disadvantages of home experiments
| Experience name | Advantages | Flaws |
| Pharaoh snake | Availability of materials, entertainment | Not safe |
| Growing Crystals | Complete security, visibility | The experiment is quite long |
| Volcano | Clearly demonstrates the interaction of substances | Long preparations for the experiment |
| Experiment on the interaction of metals with various liquids | Effectiveness, safety | Requires a lot of time to carry out |
| Home fireworks | Entertainment and availability of substances used | Not safe |
Most chemical home experiments with correct implementation do not harm the child’s health, but it is better to carry them out under adult supervision. All the necessary substances can be found in any kitchen.
Experiments will reveal to children the secrets of the interaction of substances and arouse interest in understanding the world.
Article format: Svetlana Ovsyanikova
Video on the topic: chemical experiments for children
Home miracle laboratory: chemical experiments for children:
Olga Guzhova
Experiments for children preparatory group in kindergarten
IN preparatory group conducting experiments should become the norm; they should be considered not as entertainment, but as a way of learning children with the outside world and most effective way development of thought processes. Experiments allow you to combine all types of activities and all aspects of education, develop observation and inquisitiveness of the mind, develop the desire to understand the world, all cognitive abilities, the ability to invent, use standard solutions in difficult situations, create a creative personality.
Some important tips:
1. Conduct experiments better in the morning when the child is full of strength and energy;
2. It is important for us not only to teach, but also interest the child, make him want to gain knowledge and create new ones himself experiments.
3. Explain to your child that you cannot taste unknown substances, no matter how beautiful and appetizing they look;
4. Don't just show it to your child. interesting experience, but also explain in a language accessible to him why this is happening;
5. Do not ignore your child’s questions - look for answers to them in books, reference books, Internet;
6. Where there is no danger, give the child more independence;
7. Invite your child to show his favorites experiments for friends;
8. And most importantly: Rejoice at your child’s successes, praise him and encourage his desire to learn. Only positive emotions can instill a love for new knowledge.
Experience No. 1. "Vanishing Chalk"
For spectacular experience it will be useful to us small piece chalk. Dip chalk into a glass of vinegar and see what happens. The chalk in the glass will begin to hiss, bubble, decrease in size and soon disappear completely.
Chalk is limestone; when it comes into contact with acetic acid, it turns into other substances, one of which is carbon dioxide, which is rapidly released in the form of bubbles.
Experience No. 2. "Erupting Volcano"
Necessary equipment:
Volcano:
Make a cone from plasticine (you can take plasticine that has already been used once)
Soda, 2 tbsp. spoons
Lava:
1. Vinegar 1/3 cup
2. Red paint, drop
3. A drop of liquid detergent to make the volcano foam better;
Experience No. 3. "Lava - lamp"
Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, several food colors, a large transparent glass.
Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour into the water vegetable oil. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.
Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make experience more visual and spectacular.
Experience No. 4. "Rain Clouds"
Children will love this simple activity that teaches them how to it's raining (schematically, of course): Water first accumulates in the clouds and then spills onto the ground. This " experience"can be carried out both in a science lesson and in kindergarten in senior group and at home with children of all ages - it captivates everyone, and the children ask to repeat it again and again. So, stock up on shaving foam.
Fill the jar with water about 2/3 full. Squeeze the foam directly on top of the water until it looks like a cumulus cloud. Now pipette onto the foam (or better yet, entrust this to a child) colored water. And now all that remains is to watch how the colored water passes through the cloud and continues its journey to the bottom of the jar.
Experience No. 5. "Red Head Chemistry"
Place finely chopped cabbage in a glass and pour boiling water over it for 5 minutes. Strain the cabbage infusion through a cloth.
Pour cold water into the other three glasses. Add a little vinegar to one glass, a little soda to the other. Add the cabbage solution to a glass with vinegar - the water will turn red, add it to a glass of soda - the water will turn blue. Add the solution to a glass with clean water– the water will remain dark blue.
Experience No. 6. "Blow up the balloon"
Pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.
2. In a separate glass, mix lemon juice with vinegar and pour into a bottle.
3. Quickly place the balloon on the neck of the bottle, securing it with electrical tape. The ball will inflate. Baking soda and lemon juice mixed with vinegar reacts to release carbon dioxide, which inflates the balloon.
Experience No. 7. "Colored milk"
Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.
Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of different food colors. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.
Explanation: Detergent reacts with fat molecules in milk and sets them in motion. That's why for experience Skim milk is not suitable.