Natalia Rogova, General Director of the Russian Greenhouses Association: greenhouse potential. Greenhouse construction: why Russian oligarchs got hooked on vegetables

With the introduction of Western sanctions, additional incentives appeared for agricultural production.

The government has set a goal of filling retail outlets with Russian products, and today farmers are offered solid support programs.

What is their essence and how can a farmer take advantage of government assistance?

Goals of these programs

These are the realities of the agricultural sector of the economy: without support, it is difficult for the farmer, and even large representatives, to achieve serious and stable results. Therefore, systemic financial injections are being carried out at the government level - subsidizing the industry in all areas.

This may include:

Legislative framework

The main regulator of the agro-industrial sector is the Federal Law “On the Development of Agriculture”.

The strategy for supporting the Russian agro-industrial complex is presented State program for agricultural development and regulation for 2013-2020. It is there that all government initiatives and plans for the upcoming seven-year period are collected. The document includes subprograms in all areas of agriculture.

Changes and additions to the legislative framework are made by government regulations and clarifications.

Priority areas of activity

For the effective development of the agricultural sector, subsidies are intended according to main directions:

Expectations from the implementation of the plan are larger:

• expand the commodity market;
• increase salaries in the industry;
• create new jobs and areas of activity;
• reclaim abandoned lands.

By 2020, the agricultural industry will be completely updated and ready for independent progressive development. But these are all just perspectives. Now the industry is going through hard times.

According to analysts, it will take 7 years to completely replace imported meat and dairy; to obtain consistently high crop yields, it will take at least 5 years. Modernization requires enormous efforts and costs, which must be supported by systemic assistance from the state.

Types, conditions and procedure for participation in programs

The subsidy support measures applied in the past year have carried over into the coming year. It should be noted that back in the fall of 2016, the government started talking about fundamental changes in state financing of agriculture.

But, as often happens at the dawn of reforms, the new is just being outlined, but the old continues to be used.

Let's talk about general types of existing subsidies:

• Grants for the development of peasant farms. They are provided on a competitive basis with a specific purpose for the acquisition of agricultural land, the development and installation of communication systems, and the construction of economic facilities. requires strict accountability by the recipient about the intended use of funds.
• Loan funds to reimburse interest costs. They are provided exclusively for the modernization of the economy.
• Subsidizing leasing for the purchase of agricultural equipment and machinery.
• Compensation of expenses for the construction of family farm facilities.
• One-time subsidy. It is provided for the development of a farm: the purchase or construction of housing, the purchase of cargo and passenger transport, and the installation of communications.

A farmer can apply for all types of assistance, but only if he meets the eligibility requirements. Applications are reviewed by competition commissions.

Terms of service:

1. Professional qualities of the applicant. Farmer must have at least 10 years of experience. Agricultural workers with higher education have an advantage.
2. The future farmer must maintain a personal subsidiary plot for at least 10 years.
3. Letters of recommendation from municipalities or membership in cooperatives are required.
4. A business plan is submitted for the object to receive subsidies.
5. If an application for a grant is submitted, the potential recipient is required to provide up to 30% of the grant amount with their own finances or means of production. The number of livestock, farm buildings and other property used in the activity will be counted.
6. Product sales schemes. Advantage goes to applicants who already have existing farms with established ways of selling what they produce. This is confirmed by contracts with retail outlets, purchasing lines, and other documents.

When providing subsidies, especially grants, the social significance of the project for the region is taken into account. For example, the farmer creating additional jobs, equipping access roads, etc.

Preparation of documents

In general cases this is:

Depending on the type of assistance, other documents may be needed.

Beginning Farmer Program

It’s always difficult to start, so in 2019 the state continues to support newly created farms.

Size and conditions of participation

Financing format– development grant or one-time subsidy for household improvements.

In the first case, the applicant claims 1.5 million rubles, in the second – up to 300 thousand.

The grant is being spent for the purchase of planting materials, fertilizers, feed, expansion of livestock and poultry, land plots and for other needs of agricultural activities. The subsidy helps a start-up entrepreneur create decent living conditions.

How to apply

To receive grant support, you need contact the Ministry of Agriculture of your region, collect documents and protect yours.

There is no need to be alarmed: there will be no public hearings. Protection is understood as an expert assessment of the applicant’s business and his business qualities based on the provided package.

The decision is made 15 days after submitting the application form.

"Family Livestock Farm"

This program aimed at development the social structure of the village, increasing the number of livestock, supporting family agricultural businesses.

A family farm is considered if all the workers involved are relatives (not necessarily close ones).

Subsidy form– grant funding.

Transfer amount and terms of provision

The program covers farmers engaged in breeding dairy and beef cattle.

Requirements to applicants:

• number of employees – at least three people;
• Before submitting an application, the farm must operate for a year;
• the family had not previously received the creation and development of peasant farms.

Competition participant questionnaire sent to the agricultural department subject of registration of the farm.

Maximum grant amount is equivalent to 60 percent of the farm's expenses reflected in the business plan and cost plan. The maximum in monetary terms is set for all regions of the country – 10 million rubles. The farm must confirm the presence of 40% of its own collateral from the grant amount. It is not prohibited to use credit.

The distribution of federal subsidies is carried out by the regions, which receive tranches from the state budget. In addition, local authorities have the right to provide support to agricultural producers from the local budget.

Old help in a new way

In 2019, the government will allocate 300 billion rubles for the development of the agro-industrial sector.

The money will be distributed according to a different scheme.

If previously tranches were sent for specific programs, then in 2019 the subject the full amount is transferred for the development of agriculture. There are insurance preferences, subsidized loans, farm and peasant forms of farming, gardening and livestock breeding. In short, all areas of the agro-industrial complex represented in a particular subject.

The scheme was named "single regional subsidy".

Providing loans

On January 1, 2017, a program of preferential lending to business entities in the agro-industrial complex system was launched. Banks will issue loans for the modernization and development of farms at 5% per annum.

In this regard The recipient of interest subsidies changes: Now these are lending institutions. The state will reimburse 100% of the key rate to banks that issue loans to agricultural producers on preferential terms.

The new conditions are convenient, first of all, for farmers. Now there will be no need to divert significant amounts from circulation to pay interest, which the state then reimburses to the borrower through a subsidy.

Banks to participate in the program approves the Ministry of Agriculture. The criterion is the availability of our own credit products on attractive terms for farmers.

Requirements for borrowers quite loyal:

• the applicant has no current arrears on other loans;
• stability in economic development;
• income that allows you to make current payments.

The bank will definitely refuse to farmers who are in bankruptcy or reorganization.

Existing problems

The almost complete transfer of subsidy distribution to the regions is alarming. This will not bring anything good to agricultural entrepreneurship and production in general.

But the main problem of supporting Russian farmers is unstable financing. According to the Ministry of Finance, the volume of assistance will be reduced in 2017 by 1.4 times less than what was originally included in the Program passport for 2013-2020. Without proper financial support, the Government’s loud intentions to reform the agro-industrial complex will descend to the level of projectism.

State support for farmers of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is described in the following video:

At the end of 2018, it was announced that, starting from 2019, the state will not reimburse the costs of building new greenhouse complexes. But still, at a meeting of the commission for selecting investment projects, held in mid-December, subsidies in the direction of “greenhouse complexes” were approved in the amount of more than 7 billion rubles. How to survive for those projects that do not have enough money?
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, by September 2018, Russian farmers collected 692.8 thousand tons of greenhouse vegetables, which is 20.4% higher than the same period in 2017 (575.3 thousand tons).
In total, the harvest of protected soil vegetables collected by Russian farmers in 2017 exceeded 920 thousand tons. So the Ministry of Agriculture’s forecast for 2018-2019 – about 1.3 million tons – looks quite achievable. According to his estimates, by 2024 Russia can increase commercial production of greenhouse vegetables to 2 million tons.
Risk-margin production
Of course, if the growth rate of the area allocated for greenhouse crops - an average of 15% increase per year -1 - continues. First Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation Dzhambulat Khatuov, who spoke at the investment forum “Greenhouse Complexes of Russia”, announced rather optimistic figures: the total area of ​​greenhouses at the end of 2018 will exceed 2.5 thousand hectares, which is 10% more than in the past year.
Greenhouse production is called investment-attractive and profitable-marginal - the shortage of off-season vegetables and herbs affects it. Thus, according to Growth Technologies, to meet existing demand it is necessary to grow another 880-900 thousand tons of domestic greenhouse vegetables.
However, in 2018, changes occurred in the Unified Subsidy program - compensation for material costs (CAPEX) was reduced from 20 to 10%. In 2019, in the area of ​​“greenhouse complexes” the amount of subsidies will amount to more than 7 billion rubles, while the estimated cost of projects is 76.5 billion rubles. Earlier, Deputy Minister of Agriculture Elena Fastova said that in 2019, “kapexes” in this area will be canceled. What will await greenhouse growers in 2020 is unknown, but one thing is clear: in order for production to pay off and become profitable, risks must be minimized already at the project stage.
How to stay afloat
According to Interagro specialists, the payback period for greenhouse farms with state support is 7-8 years. In a situation where the owners of greenhouse complexes under construction and commissioned do not receive the subsidies they were counting on, the payback period for projects is projected to increase to 10-12 years. To shorten the payback period, farmers will have to increase the price of their products. Another way, Interagro experts say, is to increase yields. It is worth considering that maximum yield is not achieved in the first or second years - it all depends on agronomy.
With the established growing technology, 60 kg of tomatoes per year can be harvested per square meter - this is a European figure. In Russia they collect only 30, 40%. To achieve new yields, companies need to improve cultivation technologies, and for this they will have to spend money on a highly qualified specialist - a technologist. This, as well as the purchase of new high-tech equipment that will allow processing increased volumes, are expenses that must be taken into account when calculating the payback period of the project.
“It is clear that the purchase of new equipment and costs for agricultural technologies increase the payback period of the project,” says Ekaterina Babaeva, General Director of Interagro. But the sooner the agricultural producer does this, the faster he will recoup his expenses and begin to make a profit, which will allow him to introduce new capacities. The reality is that the winners will be those enterprises that will occupy a large market share in the foreseeable future.”
For those investors who are just planning to invest money in the greenhouse business, Interagro experts advise, first of all, to study the market. According to Alexey Stolnikov, project manager at Interagro, global greenhouse projects that will be launched in the next few years will be enough to produce and saturate the market with the main types of domestically produced vegetables.
“Now there is a need on the market to create small – from 0.5 hectares – greenhouses for growing greens. Small farms can cope with this by using relatively inexpensive film instead of polycarbonate and glass.”
In search of a new food product, investors could pay attention to crops that are practically not grown in Russia - peppers and eggplants. However, according to the expert, in the countries of the European Union, which includes, for example, Bulgaria, pepper is cheap and people willingly buy it. In Russia, a culture of consumption has not been formed - they simply don’t eat it in such quantities as in Europe, it’s too expensive.
So the most important issue for greenhouse growers was and remains the sales market.
“An investor must understand whether he is willing to wait 10 years before starting to earn money. During this time, other manufacturers will enter the market - competition will only intensify, recalls Ekaterina Babaeva. “In addition, if you are building a modern greenhouse complex and investing in automation, you must take into account that it involves packaging, which means that you must immediately plan to enter retail chains.” Ekaterina Babaeva recalled that many large greenhouse projects that have arisen and are emerging in Russia today are being built precisely because of the need for large retail chains. A striking example is Belaya Dacha JSC, which is building greenhouses for growing lettuce for the Russian segment of the international fast food chain McDonald's.
https://agroxxi.ru/

With the help of government subsidies, vegetable growers want to modernize 100 hectares of greenhouses over the course of several years.
In Tuymazy, Deputy Minister of Agriculture of Bashkiria Irik Surakov met with greenhouse growers at a round table. Vegetable growers waited for several months for a financial blessing from the government of the republic and received it.
“Reducing the area of ​​closed ground by 30 hectares (207 hectares in total) compared to 2017 should be justified,” the head of the administration of the Tuymazinsky district, Aidar Sufiyanov, opened the meeting. – At the same time, the yield increased by 7 percent, and the volume of vegetable production (39 thousand tons) remained at the same level. But these indicators can be increased! Because an in-line mechanism for the production of frame-metal greenhouses has been created in the region on the basis of the Panax-Agro peasant farm. The Kush-Bulyak farm went even further and introduced cost-effective cogeneration units that produce electricity from gas. Such technologies are the future.
“On the basis of our peasant farm, we opened AgroStroyKomplekt LLC in the village of Karat-tamak,” said vegetable grower Denis Latypov. – We manufactured and put into operation year-round greenhouses made of tunnel-type metal frames with double film coating at the Kush-Bulyak farm (2 hectares) and at the Panax-Agro farm (6 hectares). We have received all certificates and permits for the right to produce them. Documents were drawn up to subsidize costs.
According to Denis Latypov, until 2015, the farm received 12-15 kilograms of cucumbers and 10-12 kilograms of tomatoes per square meter. After the launch of the new greenhouse in 2016, the yield increased to 35-38 kilograms of cucumbers and 38-40 kilograms of tomatoes, respectively. The profitability of vegetable growing increased from 5 to 17 percent.
“To manufacture structures with an area of ​​1 hectare (4 arches of 25 acres each) requires 2.5 million rubles,” says the vegetable grower. - Construction period – 100 days, payback – 24 months. We are already negotiating the production of arches with vegetable growers from the Sharansky, Ishimbaysky and Birsky districts. We can install a turnkey greenhouse with computerization of all technological processes.
“The farms that manufactured the greenhouses at AgroStroyKomplekt LLC must provide our ministry with certificates of commissioning of the facilities,” said Irik Surakov. – After this, within 7 days they will receive reimbursement of the costs of arched metal structures in the amount of up to 40%.
According to Irik Surakov, this enterprise acts as the operator of a pilot project in the Tuymazinsky district, which last year produced 51% of greenhouse vegetables in the republic. As a result, Bashkortostan took second place in Russia after the Krasnodar Territory in vegetable production.
“In this regard, we have increased and maintained subsidies for mineral fertilizers for Tuymazin residents,” the official noted. - At their request, several new types of state support were introduced last year: subsidizing the purchase of refrigerators for storing vegetables; sets of equipment for power supply and watering of vegetables (subsidy - up to 7 million rubles); a set of equipment for heating and ventilation systems (up to 1.7 million rubles); equipment for washing, drying, packaging vegetables with a long list of products, including imported ones, permitted for purchase.
“According to the plan for the modernization of vegetable farms approved by the district administration, we plan to annually introduce 8 hectares of modern greenhouses,” said Minzagit Shangareev, chairman of AK(F)H “Tuymazinets”. – In a few years, 113 farms will, with the help of unprecedented government support, modernize greenhouses covering an area of ​​100 hectares.
https://mkset.ru/

Interviewed by Anastasia Kiryanova

In recent years, the development of protected soil has received the closest attention from the state and investors. And although today Russia provides itself with 89 percent of fresh vegetables, and only a third of the total needs of the population from greenhouses, these facts speak not only of the enormous potential of greenhouse complexes, but also of excellent opportunities for the further development of existing enterprises and the construction of new production facilities.

For the full development of almost any agricultural business, including greenhouses, it is important not only to use modern equipment and systems, apply the latest technologies and hybrids, but also to be aware of development trends in the industry in which you work, as well as exchange experiences with leading experts and listen to expert advice. Natalia Rogova, General Director of the Association “Greenhouses of Russia”, spoke in detail about the prospects for the development of the country's greenhouse industry, the changes taking place in it, the results of the plants' work in 2015, and also summed up the results of the exhibition "Protected Soil of Russia" - one of the main platforms for the exchange of experience among greenhouse specialists.

— What are the results and pace of implementation of the import substitution program in the greenhouse industry?

— The approved State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 and the adoption of the Government of the Russian Federation Resolution No. 624 “On approval of the Rules for the submission and distribution of subsidies from the federal budget to the budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation to reimburse part of the direct costs incurred for creation and modernization of agro-industrial complex facilities" gave impetus to the development of the protected soil industry. According to the State Program, by 2020 it is planned to build 1,537 hectares of new modern greenhouses, which will additionally produce about 800 thousand tons of environmentally friendly vegetable products. In general, 1.4 million tons of vegetables, or 80 percent of the total requirement, will be produced in protected soil from the entire area of ​​greenhouses, which, when the planned number of greenhouses is built, will be approximately 3,500 hectares.

It is too early to talk about the pace of implementation of the import substitution program for 2015. Newly built and modernized greenhouses were put into operation mainly in the second half of the year, therefore, vegetables from them will begin to appear on store shelves only at the beginning of next year. However, we can already say that there is an increase in vegetable production: last year, according to Rosstat, 724 thousand tons of domestic vegetables were produced on protected soil, which is 109 thousand tons more than in 2014. In recent years, much attention has been paid to vegetable growing and the greenhouse sector according to the State Agricultural Development Program for 2013-2020, and in 2016 more than three billion rubles were allocated for the development of protected soil.

— What support does the state provide to the greenhouse industry today?

— For the construction of modern greenhouses, the Government of the Russian Federation has provided certain assistance: reimbursement of 20 percent of the direct costs incurred for the construction and modernization of greenhouse complexes. However, this type of compensation provides for a number of mandatory additional conditions: the area of ​​the new enterprise must be at least three hectares, and during its construction it is necessary to use structures, technological equipment and materials of domestic production in the amount of at least 30 percent of the estimated cost, with the exception of equipment whose analogues are not produced in Russia. In 2015, 206 hectares of modern greenhouses were built and modernized, including in the Lipetsk, Belgorod and Moscow regions, Stavropol and Krasnodar territories, the Republic of Bashkortostan and other regions of our country. In December last year, for newly built and modernized greenhouses, the Selection Commission of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture accepted 25 investment projects, while five of them received compensation in the amount of 20 percent of the direct costs incurred in the amount of 945 million rubles already in 2015.

Thus, this year, several types of subsidies are available to agricultural producers engaged in the protected soil industry: reimbursement of 20 percent of direct costs incurred for the construction and modernization of greenhouse complexes; subsidizing interest rates for the construction of greenhouse plants, as well as short-term loans for gas, electricity and fuels and lubricants.

— What difficulties remain for producers of greenhouse products today?

— During the construction and modernization of greenhouse complexes and their further operation, a number of factors arise that hinder the development of the protected ground industry. Among the main problems are the high interest rates on loans provided for the construction of greenhouses - this is 16-20 percent. The development of protected soil is significantly influenced by the fairly long payback period of the greenhouse complex - subject to two types of government support, it is equal to 6-8 years, as well as the high share of energy resources, sometimes reaching 40 percent, in the cost of year-round production. No less important are the problems of low purchasing power of the population, as well as the lack of qualified specialists for newly built greenhouse complexes - chief specialists, agronomists, foremen and others.

— How is the situation in seed production? What developments are underway today to create domestic hybrids for protected soil?

— In modern greenhouse vegetable growing, the share of Russian varieties and hybrids of cucumber is more than 70 percent, and tomato — about 50 percent. These products are created by breeders of several domestic companies: the Gavrish company, SSF Manul LLC, Ilyinichna Selection and Seed Agrofirm LLC, Agrofirm Poisk SSC, SSF Parthenokarpik-D LLC.

Among all the cucumber varieties and hybrids being created, several of the most promising and popular among producers can be identified: F1 Relay, F1 Athlete, F1 Korambol, F1 Rais, F1 Courage, F1 Moscow Evenings, F1 Voyage, F1 Picnic, F1 Arena, F1 Danila, F1 Pragmatist , F1 Bastion, F1 Fast and Furious. Among the tomato hybrids in demand are: F1 Yakimyanka, F1 Taganka, F1 T-34, F1 Forsazh, F1 Galochka, F1 Vologda-grad, F1 Bolero, F1 Scarlet Caravel, F1 Coral Reef and others.

Domestic hybrids can compete with imported hybrids, but currently there are no Russian hybrids of cucumber and tomato for growing under additional lighting, that is, in light culture. Therefore, only foreign ones are used for this technology. In order to create high-yielding and tasty hybrids, you need your own production base: modern greenhouses, equipment for seed preparation, warehouses, laboratories, and so on.

— How can you characterize the current situation in the field of wholesale distribution and logistics centers for vegetable products?

— Nowadays, greenhouse plants sell vegetables mainly in their own regions, but in the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg many products from the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Tatarstan, Belgorod, Voronezh, Kaluga, Lipetsk and other regions are sold. Today, in our country, logistics centers have been created on the basis of several greenhouse complexes: CJSC Agrokombinat Moskovsky in Moscow, the Vyborzhets agricultural firm in the Leningrad region, the Stolichnye Vegetables company, LLC Trading House Seim-Agro in the Kursk region and other regions.

— Now many experts note that a large number of entrepreneurs are trying to start a greenhouse business. However, many of them do not have a clear idea of ​​how best to conduct it. What advice would you give to novice investors?

— When existing greenhouse complexes build new modern greenhouses or carry out modernization, they do not have a number of important problems that affect the development of the enterprise. The issues of supplying the complex with gas, electricity, water have already been resolved, highly qualified personnel are available: agronomists, engineers, heating engineers, foremen and other greenhouse workers, distribution points have been identified, and much more. But when entrepreneurs and investors decide to build in a new location, they are faced with various problems: the correct choice of land, supplying the future enterprise with resources, and so on. In addition, the construction project is approved, the general contractor is determined, a business plan is developed, according to which, for example, the planned yield is 80-100 kg per square meter, profitability is at 35-40 percent, and the payback period is 5-6 years, and so on. . However, in reality, not everything always works out according to plan: 10-15 hectares of new greenhouses can be built in one or two years, issues with gas, electricity, water, heating can be resolved, but the plant will reach its design yield only in 2-3 years, since it is necessary test new equipment, test technologies, select the right hybrids of vegetable crops, train personnel. Today it is quite difficult to find highly qualified specialists. Some agricultural universities have just begun training agronomic personnel, who, after completing their studies, need to learn to work in greenhouses for another 2-3 years.

— The Association has been holding the exhibition “Protected Soil of Russia” for many years. Tell us, what are the features of the event?

— “Greenhouses of Russia”, with the support of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, annually holds this specialized exhibition. Its main objectives are to promote investment in the greenhouse sector of agricultural production, effectively promote modern greenhouse designs and energy-saving equipment of domestic and foreign production to the Russian market, as well as demonstrate advanced technologies for growing, sorting, packaging, storing and processing vegetable, mushroom and flower products. That is, the exhibition promotes the development of production and import substitution of protected soil vegetables, mushrooms and flowers, the introduction of innovative technologies, increasing the investment attractiveness and competitiveness of domestic products. The main feature of the exhibition is that it is a highly specialized event, in which professionals and industry experts, as well as foreign companies working in the field of protected soil, take part. At the stands, contracts are concluded for the construction of greenhouses, the supply of equipment, vegetable seeds, biological plant protection products, fertilizers and much more that is necessary for the full and efficient operation of greenhouse complexes.

— What are the results of the exhibition this year?

— The current economic situation did not affect the number of participants in the event; moreover, this figure increased in 2016. This year, the exhibition was attended by about 140 companies involved in the implementation of innovative technologies in the protected soil industry, the latest materials and designs, plant protection products and fertilizers, hybrids of vegetable crops from Russia, the Republic of Belarus, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Finland, China and other countries, as well as representatives of Russian greenhouse plants. During its work, the exhibition was visited by more than 1,500 people, among whom were representatives of ministries and departments of the Russian Federation, banking structures, managers and specialists of greenhouse plants, investors, entrepreneurs, students of agronomic universities, specialists from near and far abroad and others. The exhibition stands featured modern greenhouses and the latest technologies, equipment for drip irrigation and water treatment, seedling and salad complexes, devices for microclimate regulation, promising varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops, plant protection products, fertilizers, containers, packaging and much more, and also products of greenhouse plants. This year, within the framework of the exhibition, for the first time, a competition for the quality of vegetable products “All-Russian Brand” was held. Quality mark of the 21st century." The products of greenhouse plants submitted to the competition were examined by FBU-ROSTEST-Moscow.

Competitions were also held in various categories: high quality protected soil products (mushrooms, vegetables, flowers), the creation and introduction of new high-yielding hybrids of vegetable crops, the best innovative project for the construction of greenhouses in 2014-2015, new developments of engineering and technological systems, equipment and materials for greenhouse complexes. That is, there has been success both in the work of the exhibition itself and in the development of protected ground in general. As the First Deputy Minister of Agriculture of Russia noted, the potential of the industry is great. We must set ourselves the task of not only implementing the import substitution program, but also in the future to begin supplying Russian vegetable products to other countries.

At the end of 2018, it was announced that, starting from 2019, the state will not reimburse the costs of building new greenhouse complexes. But still, at a meeting of the commission for selecting investment projects, held in mid-December, subsidies in the direction of “greenhouse complexes” were approved in the amount of more than 7 billion rubles. How to survive for those projects that do not have enough money?
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, by September 2018, Russian farmers collected 692.8 thousand tons of greenhouse vegetables, which is 20.4% higher than the same period in 2017 (575.3 thousand tons).
In total, the harvest of protected soil vegetables collected by Russian farmers in 2017 exceeded 920 thousand tons. So the Ministry of Agriculture’s forecast for 2018-2019 – about 1.3 million tons – looks quite achievable. According to his estimates, by 2024 Russia can increase commercial production of greenhouse vegetables to 2 million tons.
Risk-margin production
Of course, if the growth rate of the area allocated for greenhouse crops - an average of 15% increase per year -1 - continues. First Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation Dzhambulat Khatuov, who spoke at the investment forum “Greenhouse Complexes of Russia”, announced rather optimistic figures: the total area of ​​greenhouses at the end of 2018 will exceed 2.5 thousand hectares, which is 10% more than in the past year.
Greenhouse production is called investment-attractive and profitable-marginal - the shortage of off-season vegetables and herbs affects it. Thus, according to Growth Technologies, to meet existing demand it is necessary to grow another 880-900 thousand tons of domestic greenhouse vegetables.
However, in 2018, changes occurred in the Unified Subsidy program - compensation for material costs (CAPEX) was reduced from 20 to 10%. In 2019, in the area of ​​“greenhouse complexes” the amount of subsidies will amount to more than 7 billion rubles, while the estimated cost of projects is 76.5 billion rubles. Earlier, Deputy Minister of Agriculture Elena Fastova said that in 2019, “kapexes” in this area will be canceled. What will await greenhouse growers in 2020 is unknown, but one thing is clear: in order for production to pay off and become profitable, risks must be minimized already at the project stage.
How to stay afloat
According to Interagro specialists, the payback period for greenhouse farms with state support is 7-8 years. In a situation where the owners of greenhouse complexes under construction and commissioned do not receive the subsidies they were counting on, the payback period for projects is projected to increase to 10-12 years. To shorten the payback period, farmers will have to increase the price of their products. Another way, Interagro experts say, is to increase yields. It is worth considering that maximum yield is not achieved in the first or second years - it all depends on agronomy.
With the established growing technology, 60 kg of tomatoes per year can be harvested per square meter - this is a European figure. In Russia they collect only 30, 40%. To achieve new yields, companies need to improve cultivation technologies, and for this they will have to spend money on a highly qualified specialist - a technologist. This, as well as the purchase of new high-tech equipment that will allow processing increased volumes, are expenses that must be taken into account when calculating the payback period of the project.
“It is clear that the purchase of new equipment and costs for agricultural technologies increase the payback period of the project,” says Ekaterina Babaeva, General Director of Interagro. But the sooner the agricultural producer does this, the faster he will recoup his expenses and begin to make a profit, which will allow him to introduce new capacities. The reality is that the winners will be those enterprises that will occupy a large market share in the foreseeable future.”
For those investors who are just planning to invest money in the greenhouse business, Interagro experts advise, first of all, to study the market. According to Alexey Stolnikov, project manager at Interagro, global greenhouse projects that will be launched in the next few years will be enough to produce and saturate the market with the main types of domestically produced vegetables.
“Now there is a need on the market to create small – from 0.5 hectares – greenhouses for growing greens. Small farms can cope with this by using relatively inexpensive film instead of polycarbonate and glass.”
In search of a new food product, investors could pay attention to crops that are practically not grown in Russia - peppers and eggplants. However, according to the expert, in the countries of the European Union, which includes, for example, Bulgaria, pepper is cheap and people willingly buy it. In Russia, a culture of consumption has not been formed - they simply don’t eat it in such quantities as in Europe, it’s too expensive.
So the most important issue for greenhouse growers was and remains the sales market.
“An investor must understand whether he is willing to wait 10 years before starting to earn money. During this time, other manufacturers will enter the market - competition will only intensify, recalls Ekaterina Babaeva. “In addition, if you are building a modern greenhouse complex and investing in automation, you must take into account that it involves packaging, which means that you must immediately plan to enter retail chains.” Ekaterina Babaeva recalled that many large greenhouse projects that have arisen and are emerging in Russia today are being built precisely because of the need for large retail chains. A striking example is Belaya Dacha JSC, which is building greenhouses for growing lettuce for the Russian segment of the international fast food chain McDonald's.
https://agroxxi.ru/

The first stage of the greenhouse complex was completed in the Tambov region
In the Tambov region, on the basis of JSC Teplichnoe, the construction of new fifth-generation greenhouses was completed. The first stage of the investment project for year-round production of vegetables was implemented this year.
“With the commissioning of a modern greenhouse with year-round cultivation of vegetables on an area of ​​1.1 hectares, the enterprise plans to produce 950 tons of cucumbers annually. Investment project worth almost 380 million rubles. has been implemented since May 2018,” the Ministry of Agriculture said in a statement.
It is noted that about 90% of investments are borrowed funds received under preferential lending. In the new greenhouses, the yield will be twice as high as in anthracite-type greenhouses. Another stage of production is being implemented in the Michurinsky district on an area of ​​92 hectares.
Also in the region, construction of a wholesale distribution center for storage and primary processing of fruits and vegetables with a capacity of up to 75 thousand tons is underway.
The second stage of the Agromir greenhouse complex will be launched in Dagestan
The second stage of the Agromir greenhouse complex will be launched in Dagestan. The enterprise will introduce a drip irrigation system and advanced technologies for growing vegetable products. The total investment in the project amounted to 700 million rubles.
“Almost all processes here are automated: the optimal temperature for tomatoes is constantly maintained - 24 degrees, the air is regularly humidified. And the Pandaroza F1 tomato variety grown in the greenhouse complex is a laureate of the “100 Best Products of Russia” competition,” the department commented.
Currently, all work on the 5-hectare site has been completed, seedlings are being planted and the area is being landscaped.
A project to develop potato seed production is being implemented in the Kaliningrad region
Potato producers in the Kaliningrad region are implementing a project on the basis of the Kalina peasant farm to develop seed production of Russian potato varieties. A grant of more than 52 million rubles was allocated from the federal budget for these purposes.
“The project involves developing the production of high-quality potato seed material, increasing the yield of this crop, developing a system for protecting potatoes, including from late blight, in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region,” said the press service of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.
It is specified that researchers from the Baltic Federal University will work on the varieties. I. Kant and the Federal State Budgetary Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming named after. A.G. Lorha."
Construction of the Renova greenhouse complex in Kamchatka has been suspended
The Renova company has suspended the construction of a greenhouse complex within the Kamchatka TASED. According to the Governor of the Kamchatka Territory, Vladimir Ilyukhin, Renova encountered financial difficulties in implementing the project.
“The company’s agreements with the bank on the interest rate do not allow it to achieve profitability. That's one problem. And the second is confirmation of the required volume of gas for the operation of greenhouses,” explained Vladimir Ilyukhin.
Despite the fact that the required volume of gas was guaranteed by the regional authorities, there is still no optimal financial scheme. At the moment, the company does not have the necessary funds with which it could enter this project. We need help from credit institutions in the Far East.
The enterprise occupies an area of ​​15−20 hectares within the Kamchatka TASED.
A new investment project is being built in the Stavropol Territory
A new greenhouse complex for growing strawberries is being built in the Predgorny district of the Stavropol Territory. The press service of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation writes about this.
“According to the project, a new greenhouse complex for growing garden strawberries will be built with an area of ​​6 hectares. The planned production volume is 720 tons per year. Upon completion, 50 new high-tech jobs will be created,” said Deputy Minister of Agriculture Oleg Yurchenko.
The greenhouse complex project will be ensured by creating optimal technological conditions, selecting an assortment of planting material, monitoring all production cycles and using biological methods to protect plants from pests.
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The Ministry of Agriculture Commission recommended 39 investment projects to reimburse direct costs incurred during the construction or modernization of agricultural facilities. The estimated cost of the selected projects is 14.5 billion rubles, the amount of state support for them will be almost 2.6 billion rubles, follows from the protocol of the commission. Thus, taking into account the selection process, the total amount allocated from the federal budget in 2017 for reimbursement of capital costs will be 12.9 billion rubles.

The presented investment projects involve the construction and modernization of greenhouse and dairy complexes, vegetable and fruit storage facilities, as well as selection and genetic centers. Natalia Chernetsova, director of the department of economics and state support of the agro-industrial complex, included Chechnya, Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, Yakutia and Tatarstan among the leading regions in terms of the number of selected projects and the amount of funds for cost recovery.

As for the projects themselves, greenhouse projects became the leaders in terms of the amount of approved subsidies. The largest subsidies among the applications considered by the commission are expected to be allocated to the Thunder company (Magnit structure). As follows from the materials of the Ministry of Agriculture, the estimated cost of the company’s four facilities in the Krasnodar Territory is 2.4 billion rubles. excluding VAT, of which 482 million rubles. expected to be reimbursed from the state budget. In January of this year, the retailer began construction of a center for growing champignons with a capacity of 6.4 thousand tons and a compost workshop in Kuban, the regional agricultural department previously reported. At the same time, at the beginning of construction, the volume of investment in the project was estimated at 1.79 billion rubles.

In second place among 39 projects is the “Valley of the Sun” greenhouse complex, built by the “ Belaya Dacha"in the Stavropol Territory. The cost of the project excluding VAT, in accordance with the protocol of the commission, is 1.98 billion rubles, of which 308 million rubles. expected to be reimbursed from the state budget. The project includes two stages, the construction of the first of them has now been completed - 15 hectares of greenhouses have been erected for growing mini-salads. As the company’s CEO said in June, “ Belaya Dacha trading" Anton Semenov at the "Agricultural Forum of Russia: how to ensure sustainable growth of the industry", the company also reimbursed the interest rate on the loan for the greenhouse project, which became the first compensation from the state budget in the 99-year history of Belaya Dacha. “I honestly didn’t believe it. When I started the project, I assumed that it would be implemented without subsidies. But it turns out that this [state support system] works,” Semenov said.

In third place in terms of the amount of subsidizing part of the capital costs is also the greenhouse complex being built by the YugAgroholding company in Chechnya with an estimated cost of 1.96 billion rubles. The estimated amount of the subsidy will be 285 million rubles. As the press service of the government of the republic reported, the greenhouse complex is located on an area of ​​17 hectares and is designed for year-round cultivation of vegetables and green crops using automated systems and 100% supplementary lighting. The volume of production will be more than 7.2 thousand tons of vegetables. The YugAgroholding greenhouse complex was registered in August 2015, as follows from kartoteka.ru data. The main activity is the cultivation of vegetables, melons, root and tuber crops, mushrooms and truffles. 99.99% of the company is owned by the company’s executive director, president of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Chechnya Nursolta Adaev, 0.01% - “ RSHB Finance" (structure of Rosselkhozbank).

In total, 11 projects worth 8.7 billion rubles were selected in the area of ​​“greenhouse complexes”, the estimated amount of state support for them will be 1.5 billion rubles. In particular, a subsidy to reimburse part of capital costs in the amount of 236 million rubles. it is planned to allocate 119 million rubles to the Maryinsky greenhouse complex in the Stavropol Territory. — Agricultural enterprise “Greenhouses of Belogorye” in the Belgorod region, 82.8 million rubles. - state farm "Teplichny" on Sakhalin.

In the “dairy complexes” area, 15 projects were selected for a total amount of 2.2 billion rubles, the total amount of subsidies is 463 million rubles. The largest amount of state support in this area will be received by the project of EcoCorm LLC (part of the Molvest company) for the construction of a dairy farm in the Voronezh region. Its cost exceeds 815 million rubles, of which 150 million rubles. expected to be reimbursed from the state budget. According to the administration of the Voronezh region, at the beginning of June, the governor of the region, Alexey Gordeev, inspected a new dairy complex, the first stage of which is designed for 1.2 thousand cows. As Elena Efimova, deputy director for livestock production at EcoCorm, said in June, the milking herd will be formed from Holstein cows; 510 heifers have already been imported from the Netherlands. In the future, the livestock of the dairy complex is planned to be expanded to 3.5 thousand animals. Also among the large supported dairy projects is the construction of a livestock complex for 600 cattle places in Chechnya, implemented by the Agromir Naursky SEC (investments in the project - 520 million rubles, subsidy - 81 million rubles), projects of the Rayana companies in Chechnya (170 million rubles and 27 million rubles) and “Rial-Agro” in Kabardino-Balkaria (125 million rubles and 37 million rubles).

Among potato and vegetable storage projects, the commission supported nine projects totaling 1.8 billion rubles, subsidies for their implementation will amount to 213 million rubles. The leader in this direction was the Nizhny Novgorod Potato System, which, according to data from open sources, built a vegetable storage facility for 24 thousand tons of carrots. Based on the protocol of the commission, the cost of construction will be 610 million rubles, of which 55 million rubles. will be compensated from the budget. Also, four projects in Chechnya will receive subsidies for the construction of potato and vegetable storage facilities, including the Asbusiness agricultural firm for 332 million rubles. (subsidy - 30 million rubles), agricultural firm "Sadovod" for 237 million rubles. (47 million rubles), as well as the Leader-A company for 175 million rubles. (RUB 12 million).

Subsidies to reimburse part of the capital costs in the fruit storage area were approved for three projects in Kabardino-Balkaria, Voronezh and Ryazan regions for a total amount of 107 million rubles, the estimated cost of these projects is estimated at 583 million rubles. Also, one project can receive a subsidy for the construction of breeding and genetic centers - VSGC LLC, which built a pig breeding complex in the Velikoluksky district of the Pskov region for 1.2 billion rubles.

Acceptance of investment projects for the creation and modernization of agricultural facilities for selection to commissions Ministry of Agriculture held from July 20 to July 24. The department’s working group received 95 projects totaling 26.7 billion rubles, and 41 projects totaling 14.8 billion rubles were accepted for consideration by the commission, reports Ministry of Agriculture. The previous meeting of the commission for selecting applications for reimbursement of capital costs took place in January 2017, when 114 projects were selected. Thus, the ministry reports, taking into account the newly selected projects, the total amount of support for reimbursement of part of the direct costs incurred for the construction and modernization of agricultural facilities in 2017 will amount to 12.9 billion rubles. from the federal budget.

Starting from 2015, the state reimburses from 20% to 35% of the costs of construction or modernization of dairy and greenhouse complexes, vegetable and potato storage facilities, fruit storage facilities, wholesale distribution, seed selection and selection and genetic centers. The amount of compensation for greenhouse complexes, storage facilities and ORC is 20% of the estimated cost (for the Far Eastern regions - 25%), for dairy farms and SHC - 30% of the estimated cost of the facility (for regions that are part of the Far Eastern Federal District - 35%).