The human home is a pure reflection of nature. Initially, the shape of the house appears from organic feeling. She has an inner necessity, like a bird's nest, bee hive or mollusk shell. Every feature of the forms of existence and customs, family and marriage life, in addition, the tribal routine - all this is reflected in the main rooms and plan of the house - in the upper room, vestibule, atrium, megaron, kemenate, courtyard, gyneceum.
16 geographical and historical-cultural provinces can be distinguished: Eastern European, Western Central European, Central Asian-Kazakhstan, Caucasian, Central Asian, Siberian, Southeast Asian, East Asian, Southwest Asian, South Asian, tropical African, North African, Latin American, North American, Oceanic, Australian . Moreover, each of them has its own characteristics. In this article we will look at national houses peoples of the world.
Eastern European province
It includes the following regions: northern and central, Volga-Kama, Baltic, southwestern. It is worth noting that in the north, utility and residential premises were built under common roof. Villages were more common in the south large sizes, while outbuildings were located separately. In places where there was not enough forest, wooden and stone walls coated with clay and then whitened. In such buildings, the stove has always been the center of the interior.
West Central European Province
It is divided into regions: Atlantic, Northern European, Mediterranean and Central European. Considering the homes of the peoples of the world, we can say that in this province rural settlements have different layouts(circular, cumulus, scattered, row) and consist of rectangular structures. Half-timbered ( frame houses) predominate in central Europe, timber frames - in the north, brick and stone - in the south. In some areas, utility and residential premises are located under a common roof, in others they are built separately.
Central Asian-Kazakhstan province
This province occupies the plains in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea, high mountain systems and deserts of the Pamirs and Tien Shan. It is divided into regions: Turkmenistan (southwestern), Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (southeastern), Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan (northern). Such traditional dwellings of the peoples of the world here are rectangular adobe buildings with flat roof in the south, in the mountains, there are frame houses; the semi-nomads and nomads have round yurts with a felt covering and a lattice frame. In the north, houses were influenced by immigrants from Russia.
Caucasian province
This province is located between the Caspian and Black Seas in the southern part of the East European Plain. It covers various landscapes mountain systems The Caucasus, mountain plains and foothills, is divided into 2 regions: Caucasian and North Caucasian. Such dwellings of the peoples of the world, pictures of which can be seen in this article, are very diverse - from stone fortresses and tower houses to turluch (wattle) half-dugouts and structures; in Azerbaijan - adobe one-story dwellings with a completely flat roof, an entrance and windows to the courtyard; in the eastern part of Georgia these are 2-story houses made of wood and stone with balconies, a gable or flat roof.
Siberian province
It is located in the northern part of Asia and occupies the expanses of taiga, dry steppes and tundra from Pacific Ocean to the Urals. The settlements are dominated by rectangular log houses in the northern part - dugouts, tents, yarangas - in the northeast, multi-cornered yurts - among cattle breeders in the south.
Central Asian province
The province occupies deserts located in the temperate zone (Taklamakan, Gobi). It is worth noting that the homes of the peoples of the world are very diverse. In this place they are represented by round yurts (among the Turks and Mongols), as well as woolen tents of the Tibetans. Among the Uighurs, some Tibetans, and also the Itzu, houses with walls made of cut stone or mud brick predominate.
East Asian province
This region occupies the Korean peninsula, the plains of China, and the Japanese islands. The houses here are frame-and-post with adobe filling, with a gable or flat roof, which other traditional dwellings of the peoples of the world cannot boast of. In the southern part of the province, pile buildings predominate, in the northern part - heated benches.
Southeast Asian province
These are the islands of the Philippines and Indonesia, as well as the Indochina Peninsula. Includes the following regions: East Indo-China, East Indonesia, West Indo-China, West Indonesia, Philippines. Dwellings different nations The world here is represented by pile buildings with high roofs and light walls.
South Asian province
It includes the Ganges and Indus valleys, the Himalayan mountains in the northern part, arid regions and low mountains in the western part, the Burma-Assam Mountains in the eastern part, and the island of Sri Lanka in the southern part. All kinds of dwellings of the peoples of the world, photos of which can be seen in this article, are of great interest to historians today. The settlements here are mostly street plan; Most often you can find brick or adobe 2- and 3-chamber houses, with a high or flat roof. There are also frame-and-post buildings. Several floors of stone - in the mountains, and nomads have interesting woolen tents.
Dwellings of different peoples of the world: North African province
It occupies the Mediterranean coast, the arid subtropical zone of the Sahara, and also oases from the Maghreb to Egypt. The following regions are distinguished: Maghreb, Egyptian, Sudanese. Settled farmers have large settlements with very disorderly buildings. In their center there is a mosque and a market square. Houses are square or rectangular, made of stone, adobe, with patio and a flat roof. The nomads live in black woolen tents. The division of the home remains into male and female halves.
Dwellings of the peoples of the world: southwest Asian province
This province occupies mountains with oases and arid highlands in deserts and river valleys. It is divided into Iranian-Afghan, Asia Minor, Arabian, Mesopotamian-Syrian historical and cultural regions. Rural settlements are mostly large, with a central market square, rectangular houses made of mud brick, stone or adobe with a courtyard and a flat roof. Interior decoration includes felts, carpets, mats.
North American province
It includes the taiga and arctic tundra, Alaska, prairies and temperate forests, as well as the subtropics on the Atlantic coast. The following regions are distinguished: Canadian, Arctic, North American. Before European colonization, only Indians and Eskimos lived in this place (the main types of houses differ slightly from each other, which depends on the areas where people lived. The settlers’ housing traditions are in many ways similar to European ones.
African tropical province
It includes the equatorial regions of Africa with dry and wet savannas, tropical forests. The regions are distinguished: West Central, West African, East African, Tropical, Madagascar Island, South African. Rural settlements are scattered or compact, consisting of small frame-and-post dwellings with a round or rectangular layout. They are surrounded by various outbuildings. Sometimes the walls are decorated with painted or relief patterns.
Latin American province
It occupies the entire Central and South America. The following areas are distinguished: Mesoamerican, Caribbean, Amazonian, Andean, Fuegian, Pampas. Local residents are characterized by rectangular, single-chamber dwellings made of reeds, wood and adobes, with a high 2- or 4-slope roof.
Ocean Province
It consists of 3 regions: Polynesia (Polynesians and Maoris), Micronesia and Melanesia (Melanesians and Papuans). Houses in New Guinea are piled, above ground, rectangular, while in Oceania they are frame-and-post with a high gable roof made of palm leaves.
Australian province
It also occupies Australia. The dwellings of the aborigines of these places are sheds, windbreaks, and huts.
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Dwelling, abode, abode, shelter, shelter, residence, place of residence, location, residence, apartment, stay, nest, hangout, shelter; tent, tent, yurt. Wed. ... .. Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed... Dictionary of synonyms
HOUSING, dwellings, cf. (book). Living space, living space. “Usually the Yakuts build their dwellings at a great distance from one another.” G. Chulkov. Caves and huts were the first dwellings of people. || trans. The location of something (poetic, obsolete... Dictionary Ushakova
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home- HOUSING, house, apartment, roof, shelter, shelter, corner, joke. apartments, unapproved nora, joke hut, book living space, book shelter, books hearth, obsolete murya, outdated, joke. dwelling, outdated, joke. monastery, obsolete, colloquial reduction fatera, colloquial... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
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English dwelling; German Behausung/Wohnraum. Structure to protect people from natural conditions and for organizing everyday life; essential element material culture, forms, types and varieties correspond to social. econ. living conditions of society... Encyclopedia of Sociology
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The Slavs took the construction of a new house very seriously, because they had to live in it for many years. The location for the future home and the trees for construction were selected in advance. The best wood pine or spruce was considered: the house made from it was strong, the logs gave off a pleasant pine smell, and people in such a house got sick less often. If there was no coniferous forest nearby, then oak or larch was cut down. Construction began late autumn. Men from all over the village felled the forest and built it right on the edge of the forest. log house without windows and doors, which remained standing until early spring. This was done so that the logs would “settle down” over the winter and get used to each other.
In early spring, the log house was dismantled and moved to the chosen location. The perimeter of the future house was marked directly on the ground using a rope. For the foundation, a hole 20-25 cm deep was dug around the perimeter of the house, filled with sand, and covered with stone blocks or tarred logs. Later they began to use brick foundation. Birch bark layers were laid on top in a dense layer; they did not allow water to pass through and protected the house from dampness. Sometimes a quadrangular log crown was used as a foundation, installed around the perimeter of the house, and then the log walls. According to old pagan customs, which even today Russian people coexist with the true Christian faith, a piece of wool (for warmth), coins (for wealth and prosperity), and incense (for holiness) were placed under each corner of the crown.
When building a house, even the number of logs in the walls mattered; it varied depending on the customs accepted in the area. There were many ways to fasten logs at the corners, but the most common were two - the log house “in the bald” and “in the paw”. The first method left uneven projections in the corners of the house, which were called residue. We are familiar with such houses from childhood from illustrations to Russian folk tales. But the protruding parts of the logs in the huts had a special meaning - they protected the corners of the house from freezing frosty winter. But the log house “in the paw” made it possible to expand the space of the house. With this method, the logs were connected to each other at the very ends, it was much more difficult, so this method was used less often. In any case, the logs fit very tightly to each other, and for greater thermal insulation, the cracks were pierced with moss and caulked.
The sloping roof was lined with wood chips, straw, and aspen planks. No matter how strange it may be, the most durable was thatched roof, because it was filled with liquid clay, dried in the sun and became strong. A log decorated from the facade was laid along the roof skillfully carved, most often it was a horse or a rooster. It was a kind of amulet that protected the house from harm. Before you start finishing works, a small hole was left in the roof of the house for several days, it was believed that through it evil spirits must fly out of the house. The floor was covered with halves of logs from the door to the window. Between the foundation and the floor there was a space that served as a subfloor for storing food (basement); here the owner could set up a workshop, and in winter the cattle were kept in the basement. The room itself was called a cage; it could be entered through a low door with a high threshold; the windows in a Russian hut were small, usually there were three on the front side and one on the side.
A Russian hut usually had one room. The main place in it was occupied by the stove. The larger the stove, the more heat it provided; in addition, food was cooked in the stove, and old people and children slept on it. Many rituals and beliefs were associated with the stove. It was believed that a brownie lived behind the stove. It was impossible to wash dirty linen in public, and it was burned in the oven.
When matchmakers came to the house, the girl climbed onto the stove and from there watched the conversation between her parents and the guests. When they called her, she got off the stove, and this meant that she agreed to get married, and the wedding invariably ended with an empty pot being thrown into the stove: the number of shards that broke, the number of children the young people would have.
Next to the stove there was the so-called “woman’s corner”. Here women prepared food, did handicrafts, and stored dishes. It was separated from the room by a curtain and was called “kut” or “zakut”. The opposite corner was called “red”, holy, there was an icon and a lamp hanging here. In the same corner was located dining table with benches. Wide shelves were nailed along the walls under the ceiling; on them were festive dishes and boxes that served as decoration for the house, or to store things needed in the household. In the corner between the stove and the door, under the ceiling, there was a wide shelf - a shelf.
In the ancient Russian hut there was not so much furniture: the already mentioned table, benches along the walls, on which they not only sat, but also slept, a small open cabinet for dishes, several massive chests upholstered with iron strips for storing clothes and linen - that, perhaps, is the whole furnishings. The floors were covered with knitted or woven rugs, and outerwear served as blankets.
By old tradition The cat was allowed into the house first, and only then did they enter themselves. In addition, hot coals in a pot were taken from the old house as a symbol hearth and home, they brought a brownie in bast shoes or felt boots, icons and bread.
Simple peasants lived in log huts, and boyars and princes built larger houses for themselves and decorated them more richly - towers and chambers. A tower was a tall, bright living space built above a vestibule or simply on a high basement. A staircase with a high porch, decorated with carvings and resting on carved wooden posts, led to the mansion.
The room itself was often painted and also decorated with carvings, in large windows inserted forged grilles, and the high roof was even covered with real gilding. In the mansion there were upper rooms and little rooms, in which, according to folk tales, beautiful maidens lived and spent all their time doing needlework. But there were, of course, other rooms in the mansion, connected by passages and stairs.
Until the 16th century, houses in Ancient Rus' were wooden, they often burned, so that practically nothing remained from the buildings of those times. In the 16th century, stone buildings appeared, and then brick ones. They are built on the same principle as wooden houses, even stone carving repeats the motifs characteristic of wooden architecture, but for several centuries the common people preferred to live in log huts. It was more familiar, healthier, and cheaper.
Tatyana Zaseeva
Synopsis of direct educational activities"Dwellings of different nations"
Dwellings of different nations.
Abstract compiled by the teacher of GBOU secondary school No. 684 "Bereginya" Moskovsky district of St. Petersburg Zaseeva Tatyana Mikhailovna.
Getting to know your surroundings:
Purpose of the lesson: cultivate a tolerant attitude towards people of other nationalities.
Tasks:
introduce children to the fact that people live on our planet different nationalities, and with the fact that these people live differently;
introduce children to certain types dwellings of different peoples;
introduce children to some facts of the history of their people;
introduce children to some materials from which they can build dwellings;
show the differences and similarities of people living in different territories;
cultivate a tolerant attitude towards people living in different conditions.
Lesson equipment:
illustrations apartment building, wooden hut, tent, igloo, wigwam;
illustrations of a city and country dweller, an Indian, a resident of the Far North and the desert;
illustrations of bricks, logs, snow blocks;
chopsticks, scarf;
5 tables with different tablecloths: one tablecloth with depicting streets and intersections, two green tablecloths, one white and one yellow.
Progress of the lesson:
1. Discuss with the children where they are live: they live in the city of St. Petersburg, there is a house in the city, there is an apartment in the house in which their family lives. Each apartment has rooms, bathroom, kitchen, bedroom, etc.
2. Show an illustration of an apartment building.
Is this house similar to the one you live in? How is it similar? How is it different?
What is in this house?
3. Show illustration wooden house. - Where have you seen such houses?
What are they called?
In the huts the people of our country lived when they did not yet know how to build big houses with many apartments. Nowadays such huts exist only in villages and dachas, but previously almost all people lived in them.
What's in the hut?
IN wooden houses There is always a stove and a chimney.
Why are they needed?
Previously, people did not know how to make batteries. Each hut was heated by a stove. People prepared a lot of firewood so that they could light the stove all winter.
How is a hut different from the house you live in now? (among other things, bring children to the fact that in village hut one family lives, and there are many in a city house). - Which house is more comfortable to live in now? Why?
4. On our big planet there is different countries. Some days you went on vacation to the sea.
What countries do you know?
IN different countries different people live, and these people live in absolutely different houses . In the south, in Africa, it is very hot, there is a lot of sand, which is called desert. It rains very rarely in the desert, only a few times a year, and there is no snow at all. And in the desert people live in a house called a tent. (Show illustration of tent).
What does the tent look like?
The tent is made from a large piece of fabric. It does not protect from cold or rain.
What can a tent protect people from?
It is very difficult to live in the desert. People have to constantly move from place to place to look for food and water. The tent is convenient because, since it is made of a piece of fabric, when folded it takes up very little space and is easy to transport. It is also convenient that it can be very quickly collect and"build" again.
5. (Show illustration of igloo).
What is this house made of?
Where are such houses built, in the south or in the north? Why?
This house is called an igloo. It is really being built by people who live in the north, where almost all year round there is snow. There are no windows in the igloo so as not to let out warm water, and there is always a fire inside to keep it warm. And, oddly enough, it’s really warm enough in a house made of snow.
6. In the country of America there are people called Indians.
What do you know about the Indians?
Indians live in wigwams. (Show illustration of wigwam).
What does a wigwam look like?
Is it warm or cold in the country where they live in such houses? Why?
7. Let's put the houses in their places.
Consider the tables. Where should the apartment building be located?
How did you guess?
Where are wooden houses built?
How did you guess?
Where are the tents placed? What does the yellow tablecloth on this table look like?
Where is the igloo built? What does a white tablecloth look like?
Where are wigwams built? What kind of tablecloth does this table have? Why?
8. We have houses, and people live in every house. Let's see what kind of people live in each of these houses.
Consider this woman. What house does she live in?
How did you guess? What is she wearing? What's in her hands?
People living in the village work a lot. They themselves grow the vegetables and fruits they eat and put their gardens in order.
Consider this man. What house does he live in?
How did you guess? What is he wearing?
What is the Indian wearing?
Now I will tell you why he is wearing feathers. The Indians fought a lot. Those Indians who performed feats were given the feather of the most noble and powerful bird - the eagle. We give medals for exploits (show illustration, and the Indians receive feathers.
This Indian accomplished many feats? How did you guess?
(Show illustration of residents of the Far North).
Where do these people live?
How did you guess? What are these people wearing?
What do they have in their hands?
In the North there is a lot of snow and people, but very little food. People in the North catch a lot of fish because sometimes it's the only thing they can eat.
(Show illustration of African resident).
Where does this person live?
How did you guess? What is he wearing?
If it's hot there, why did he cover his face and body almost completely?
9. What can you build houses from?
(Show illustration of brick).
What is this?
What kind of house is built from brick? What is it called? (brick).
(Show illustration of logs).
What is this? What kind of house is built from logs? What is it called (log, wooden).
(Show illustration of snow blocks).
What is this? What kind of house is being built from this material? Why from him?
(Show sticks).
What kind of house is built from such sticks?
(Show cloth scarf).
What kind of house is built from fabric?
What does the fabric protect against?
What is used to strengthen the tent?
10. We looked at a lot of houses today.
What are the names of the houses we saw today?
There are a lot of people living on our planet. They all live according to in different ways and even in different houses. For some people life is easier, for others it is much more difficult. And we need to help each other so that everyone can live well.
Arts and crafts creation:
Purpose of the lesson: teach children to cut paper with scissors in a straight line.
Tasks:
introduce children to scissors and safety rules when working with them;
teach children to hold scissors correctly and cut paper with them in a straight line;
develop children's spatial thinking;
teach accuracy when working with glue;
consolidate knowledge of names and materials dwellings of various peoples of the world;
cultivate a tolerant attitude towards people of different nationalities.
Lesson equipment:
illustrations of an apartment building, a wooden hut, a tent, a wigwam, an igloo;
sample of finished work;
paper details for applique at home for each child;
scissors and glue for each child.
Progress of the lesson:
1. We learned that on our planet there are completely different people who build various houses for themselves.
What are these houses called? (Show illustrations).
What are they made of?
Whose houses are these?
What do you know about the inhabitants of the south, the north, and the Indians?
2. Look at this picture (show sample application) .
What kind of house do you think we will make today?
How did you guess?
Who lives in this house?
What are these houses made of?
What will we make this house from?
What details does this house have?
What parts of the house are not visible here?
3. Today we will need scissors.
What do scissors have?
Scissors are a dangerous object.
Why are scissors dangerous?
The scissors are very sharp, so do not touch the blades with your fingers. Scissors are taken only by the rings. You should not swing scissors, as you may injure yourself or your neighbor. Scissors should be on the table when you are not using them. directly for work.
The scissors are taken by inserting the fingers into the rings. Inserted into one ring thumb, in the other - the index and middle. The thumb ring should be on top. The sheet of paper that needs to be cut is held suspended with the left hand, and care must be taken that the fingers of the left hand do not fall under the stroke of the scissors. The scissors are opened as much as possible with your fingers right hand and when opened, they are placed on the line, observing the direction specified by the line. When the line and the blades of the scissors coincide, you need to check that the fingers of your left hand do not get on the line. When everything is prepared, the fingers of your right hand should close the scissors. If the line is not cut all the way, you need to spread the scissors again, move them all the way along the line and bring them together again.
4. When all the parts are ready, assemble the house on a piece of paper.
What parts should your house have? Start gluing the parts.
Which side of the paper should you apply glue to?
Where does the part go to be coated?
What should I apply with glue?
How should parts be glued?
5. When your house is ready, you need to wash your hands with soap after applying glue. Then you can add sun, grass, or anything else you want to make the residents of your home more comfortable.
Show off your houses. Tell us who lives in your house. Which house do you like best?
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
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Proverbs and sayings about home. My home is my fortress. Each hut has its own toys. Away is good, but home is better. It is not the owner's house that is painted, but the owner's house. Even the frog sings in his swamp. There is nothing like leather. And the mole in his corner is vigilant.
3 slide
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Houses of different peoples Since ancient times, the houses of different peoples of the Earth have been different. The special features of the traditional dwellings of different peoples depend on the characteristics of nature, on the uniqueness of economic life, on differences in religious beliefs. However, there are also great similarities. This helps us better understand each other and mutually respect the customs and traditions of different peoples of Russia and the world, be hospitable and present the culture of our people to other people with dignity.
4 slide
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Izba Izba - traditional dwelling Russians. This is a wooden residential building in a wooded area of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus. In Rus', a thousand years ago, the hut was made of pine or spruce logs. Aspen planks - ploughshares or straw - were placed on the roof. The log house (from the word “felling”) consisted of rows of logs laid on top of each other. The hut was built without using nails.
5 slide
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Hata Hata, (among Ukrainians), is a living space with a stove or an entire building with a canopy and utility room. It can be made of timber, wattle, or adobe. The outside and inside of the hut is usually coated with clay and whitewashed.
6 slide
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Saklya In the mountains there are not enough trees to build houses, so houses there are built from stone or clay. Such housing is called SAKLYA. Saklya, the home of the Caucasian peoples. Often it is built directly on the rocks. To protect such a house from the wind, for construction they choose the side of the mountain slope where the winds are quieter. Its roof is flat, so sakli were often located adjacent to one another. It turned out that the roof of the building below was often the floor or courtyard of the house that stands above. Sakli are usually made of stone adobe or adobe brick, with a flat roof.
7 slide
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Chum Chum – nomadic, portable hut of Siberian foreigners; poles composed of sugar loaf and covered, in summer, with birch bark, in winter - with whole and sewn deer skins, with a smoke outlet at the top. The Russians also have a summer hut, cold but habitable, with a fire in the middle.
8 slide
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Yurta Yurta, a portable dwelling among the Mongolian nomadic peoples in Central and Central Asia, Southern Siberia. It consists of wooden lattice walls with a dome of poles and a felt covering. In the center of the yurt there is a fireplace; the place at the entrance was intended for guests; utensils were stored on the women's side, and harnesses on the men's side.
Slide 9
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Kibitka Kibitka is a covered cart, covered wagon. Russian name portable home nomadic peoples Central and Central Asia.
10 slide
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Cell Cell (from Latin cella - room), living quarters in a monastery. According to monastic regulations, most Russian monasteries allowed each monk or nun to build his own cell.
11 slide
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Wigwam Wigwam is the home of the forest Indians of North America. Entered into literature as the name of an Indian dome-shaped dwelling. When building a wigwam, the Indians stick flexible tree trunks into the ground in a circle or oval, bending their ends into a vault. The frame of the wigwam is covered with branches, bark, and mats.
12 slide
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Igloo A dwelling made of snow or ice blocks is built by the Eskimos in the north, where, in addition to snow, other building material No. Called housing-IGLU. The interior is usually covered with skins, and sometimes the walls are also covered with skins. Light enters the igloo directly through the snow walls, although sometimes windows are made of seal guts or ice. Snow house absorbs from the inside excess moisture, so the hut is quite dry. Eskimos can build an igloo for two or three people in half an hour.
Slide 13
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Konak Konak is a two- or three-story house found in Turkey, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania. This is an expressive building under a wide heavy tiled roof, creating a deep shadow. Often such “mansions” resemble the letter “g” in plan. The protruding volume of the upper room makes the building asymmetrical. The buildings are oriented to the east (a tribute to Islam). Each bedroom has a spacious covered balcony and a steam bath. Life here is completely isolated from the street, and large number premises satisfies all the needs of the owners, therefore outbuildings are not needed.
Slide 14
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Tree dwellings Tree dwellings in Indonesia are built like watchtowers - six or seven meters above the ground. The structure is erected on a pre-prepared platform made of poles tied to branches. A structure balancing on branches cannot be overloaded, but it must withstand a large gable roof, the crowning building. Such a house has two floors: the lower one, made of sago bark, on which there is a fireplace for cooking, and the upper one, a flooring made of palm boards, on which they sleep. In order to ensure the safety of residents, such houses are built on trees growing near a reservoir. They get to the hut along long stairs connected from poles.
15 slide
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Pallasso Spain: made of stone, 4-5 meters high, round or oval in cross-section, with a diameter of 10 to 20 meters, with a conical thatched roof on wooden frame, one front door, there were no windows at all or there was only a small window opening.
16 slide
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Hut South India. The traditional home of the Tods (an ethnic group in South India), a barrel-shaped hut made of bamboo and reeds, without windows, with one small entrance.
Slide 17
Slide description:
Underground dwellings The dwellings of troglodytes in the Sahara Desert are deep earthen pits in which interior spaces and yard. There are about seven hundred caves on the hillsides and in the desert around them, some of which are still inhabited by troglodytes (Berbers). The craters reach ten meters in diameter and height. Around courtyard(hausha) there are rooms up to twenty meters in length. Troglodyte dwellings often have several floors, with tied ropes serving as stairs between them. The beds are small alcoves in the walls. If a Berber housewife needs a shelf, she simply digs it out of the wall. However, near some pits you can see TV antennas, while others have been turned into restaurants or mini-hotels. Underground dwellings provide good protection from the heat - these chalk caves are cool. This is how they solve the housing problem in the Sahara.
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