DIY music instruments from scrap materials. DIY musical instruments: how and what to make from. DIY children's musical instruments. Goals and objectives of classes, methodological techniques relevant for different groups

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Children's musical instruments. with your own hands. Musical director Verchenko M.P. MKDOU kindergarten No. 2

Musical instruments for children they always remain wonderful, unusually attractive objects that they really want to play with. After all, an instrument for children is a symbol of music, and the one who plays it is almost a magician. In the process of playing instruments, each individual’s individual traits clearly manifest themselves: presence of will, emotionality, concentration, imagination. For many, this type of activity helps to reveal the spiritual world. Overcome shyness and stiffness.

So what is noise? Noise is random, non-periodic vibrations of a sounding body. Unlike musical sounds, noise does not have a precisely defined pitch. Noise sounds include crackling, rattling, creaking, rustling, etc., and noise orchestral instruments are devices for producing noise that create a certain rhythmic and timbre coloring.

Nowadays there is a huge selection of children's musical instruments (CHI) in stores, but not everyone is able to purchase these toys, and there is no need for this, because the child grows and develops so quickly. And the previous toys no longer satisfy the baby’s cognitive needs. And the need for their renewal is growing every day. There is a good way out. You can design toys yourself and update and modify them over time. A handmade tool will help you teach your child to work together. To design, you don’t need much – desire and a little imagination! So, I suggest you show a little imagination!

Musical mittens

We take old mittens and unnecessary buttons

We decorate the back of the mittens with bows

We admire the finished work

maracas It is always mysterious and desirable to explore the insides of instruments. To satisfy your child's curiosity. I propose to make it widespread in South America noise instrument maracas. A real maracas is an empty pumpkin with peas inside. We will make maracas from a small plastic bottle or Kinder Surprise case.

Pour buckwheat or rice or semolina into a case or plastic bottle (the volume of the instrument depends on the grain), close the lid...

And... the maracas are ready!!! You can put peas, bells, beads, coins, etc. in a larger bottle. You can experiment and pour a variety of “sounding” small objects into iron boxes for sweets and lollipops. Then the sound will be more sonorous. Or in wooden or cardboard boxes different sizes and volume. If the child is still very small, then the opening parts of the instrument must be securely sealed, for example, with tape.

drum To make a drum we will need: A mayonnaise jar; Semolina or sand; Used markers; Kinder surprise case; Filling for sticks (beads, small buttons, beads or any cereal).

Making the drum body and rattle sticks: Take a mayonnaise jar - this will be the drum body. Pour a 1 cm layer of semolina or sand inside the jar (to slightly muffle the sound of the drum). Close the lid tightly. Take two used markers. Open the Kinder Surprise case and make a hole in one part that is smaller than the thread of the felt-tip pen body. Place a marker in the hole. We fill the case with beads or cereals and close it. We decorate the drum with colored paper. The drum is ready to use!

psaltery We will need: Stationery rubber bands for the strings; Juice bag 1-1.5 l - for the resonator; Two sticks (pencils) - for the thresholds. Pull the elastic bands along the length of the bag. Place a stick under the elastic strings - they will rise. Place the second stick-nut under the “strings” parallel to the first or at an angle to it. The tuning of the instrument can be adjusted in two ways: by selecting rubber bands of different thicknesses (the thicker the rubber band, the lower the sound), or by changing the angle between the saddles. In this case, the length of the sounding part of the string will change, since the part of the rubber band that is stretched between the saddles sounds. Given the same thickness of strings, a shorter one will produce a higher sound. Play the harp either by plucking the strings one at a time or by running your finger along all the strings at once.

Ratchet

Making musical instruments with your own hands is a useful and exciting activity. There are no clear rules or laws here, so any idea can easily turn into reality: paint, tie, glue, pour, pour, sew, experiment... The main thing is to make music together, then it will bring both the baby and you a great creative mood!

A huge contribution to the development of children is made within the walls of the kindergarten. And an important component of it is music. In music classes, preschoolers learn to recognize sounds, sing and dance, and learn about new musical instruments. Returning to the group, they most often go about their own business: draw, play with dolls or cars, assemble pyramids or construction sets. But why don't you make your own musical instruments for kindergarten? Children will be able to play in a real instrumental ensemble, and at the same time develop their own skills.

A little theory about homemade musical instruments

The process of creating musical instruments with your own hands is quite painstaking and sometimes requires materials that are not quite usual for a kindergarten: plastic bottles, tin cans, rubber bands for money, buttons, and so on. Involve your parents - there are probably similar things in every home that are no longer needed. Explain that the children will develop creatively in the process of needlework and then they will brag about their inventions at the next matinee.

Here are the main points to consider:

• The sounds produced by homemade musical instruments most often have nothing in common with those produced by real ones. Your task is to show that it is possible to extract different sounds from available means. You will improvise. AND appearance It wouldn’t hurt to hand over real instruments either: decor, shape, accessories like a shoulder strap.
• Toys made from improvised materials often break. DIY musical instruments for kindergarten are no exception. Immediately tell the children about the fragility of the products, their special value for your group (after all, they will remain as a memory of each of the kindergarten students).
• All materials must be hypoallergenic and safe.
• Try to come up with tools that the child could make on his own, especially if we're talking about about the preparatory group. It is also better to define the concept initially: these will be the same products for each child, or preschoolers will make instruments in groups with their own hands - each group will have their own instrument.

Playing music and playing it, even in this form, will benefit children. Perhaps some of them will discover real talent or will awaken a desire to enter after kindergarten and then seriously pursue their passion.

DIY musical instruments for kindergarten

Here are several small master classes on creating interesting and unique musical instruments. You'll see, everything ingenious is very simple.

Drum

Any metal or plastic can that is hollow inside can become a drum. You are unlikely to find such children in kindergarten. But you can ask your parents to bring old plastic jars for mayonnaise, jam or shish kebab. For a variety of sounds, you can take cans of different sizes and wall thicknesses.

Absolutely any will also work as sticks. It is important that the tree (if you choose it) cannot injure children’s hands, that is, it should be coated with a special varnish. For example, chopsticks intended for eating Japanese dishes can play this role.

Wooden xylophone

DIY musical instruments for kindergarten are made from a variety of materials! If you have extra plinth, you can even make a tool out of it. It is enough to cut it into equal sections 10-15 cm long and screw it loosely to the base daughter with screws. The base must be treated so that children do not get splinters. The plinth pieces are placed in the same position one below the other.

To extract sound from this handmade musical instrument, a child uses any wooden stick top down. The more solid the stick, the louder and richer the sound will be produced.

Gusli

The basis can be shoe box, in the lid of which a circle is carefully cut out slightly offset from the center. Rubber bands for money are wrapped around it or screwed so that all the “strings” pass over the hole. To prevent the rubber bands from lying on the surface and making sound, they need to be supported with something.

A pencil can serve as a support. However, if you want to raise the “strings” higher, then it is better to make a triangular structure with your own hands, because, as you know, it is the most reliable. Now you can play.

Cugicle

This wind instrument is made from ordinary straws, which are usually offered to children for drinks. It is better not to take those tubes that are attached to juices, since they are small and have a spring for bending at the very end. suitable place. And so, take several tubes of the same diameter (they can be replaced with anything: “cases” for pens, balloon sticks, etc.).

Then, from one of the edges, the second tube is sawed off from below by 1-1.5 cm. The third tube is sawed off to double the distance. Each subsequent one is sawn off in the same way so that a kind of uniform ladder is obtained. Then it is taken wide tape, and tubes are placed on it exactly along the edge, one next to the other. Then you need to tape it on the back side.

If your musical instrument is large, then it is better to first cover 2-3 tubes separately with small tape, and only then all together. The lower holes of the musical instrument with your own hands for kindergarten need to be closed. This can be done with plasticine, cut pieces of eraser, or even chewing gum.

Analogue of a triangle

To recreate the subtle sound of a metal stick touching another metal object suspended in the air, you can take the idea from this musical instrument. To make it, you will need 2 metal tubes, one of which will be suspended from any improvised handle by strong threads. The other child will hit and make a pleasant sound.

Maracas

To make your own maracas for kindergarten, any hollow oblong container that can be filled with granules, cereals or larger objects can be suitable. The easiest option is to take a simple pencil, pierce it through a plastic egg from Kinder Surprise and secure it. Peas or rice are placed inside, depending on the desired sound output.

Another option is 0.5 ml plastic bottles. You can put unnecessary buttons or the same cereal inside. Of course, to make the musical instrument look realistic, the bottles should be painted, preferably with acrylic paint to be sure. You can do something different with filled plastic eggs: take small plastic spoons and place them on both sides so that the tips of the base touch. In principle, spoons can be placed on glue, but for beauty, they can be covered with colored tape around the perimeter.

The musical instruments that children make for kindergarten with their own hands will allow them to learn to improvise with sounds and understand the world through play. After all, even in a store, children are more attracted to those toys that can make some sounds, words, or light up. Remember that almost everything that surrounds us can become a musical instrument.

For example, let's take a regular empty cardboard box. It is enough to knock on it with your hands or sticks - and it is already a drum. Anything that can be filled with something and moved from side to side is a potential maracas. DIY musical instruments for kindergarten are a potential source of individual sounds for staging fairy tales. A loud knock - a clap of thunder or the roar of a wild animal. The paper rustles - it’s the wind blowing or autumn leaves falling. Music is all around us.

How to make musical instruments at home with your own hands?

The beauty of homemade musical instruments is that they cost pennies, and the process of making them will appeal not only to adults, but also to children. Just imagine how much delight a child will have when he independently makes maracas, a Chinese drum, castanets or a pipe! Certainly, homemade tools They don’t produce a perfect sound, but that’s not the main point. Such an experience cannot be compared with anything. Classes on making homemade musical instruments are very useful in that the child learns to distinguish between their types, understands the operating principle of each of them, and knows what parts they consist of. And most importantly, joint work brings people together, and this is useful for both parents and their children. So what musical instruments can you make with your own hands? Let's look at the most interesting and simple options.

Maracas

This is, perhaps, one of the tools that the baby gets acquainted with while still in diapers. Maracas are a noise instrument. Rattles and other noise toys for babies are the prototype of maracas. Making them at home is as easy as shelling pears, and there are countless options. So, maracas can be made from:

• plastic bottles;
• pumpkins;
• coffee cans;
• Kinder Surprise eggs;
• cardboard cylinders from parchment or paper towels etc.

The scheme for making maracas is quite simple: you need to pour a small amount of filler in the form of beads, peas, buttons, beads, small pebbles, sand or shot into the prepared container. All holes in the container must be securely closed (if it is a cardboard cylinder, cover it on both sides with thick cardboard) so that the filler does not spill out and the tool makes a loud noise. The maracas themselves can be decorated by drawing a bright ornament on them acrylic paints or by adding cute stickers. Handles can be attached to round containers for convenient use of the tool. For example, if you used Kinder eggs for your maracas, place them between two plastic spoons and secure them with twine.

Tambourine

To make this tool you will need a wooden embroidery hoop, 10 metal lemonade caps, 5 metal rods 2-2.5 cm long, electrical tape and 5 plates of thick cardboard, wood or metal 2-5 mm thick and measuring 1.5x1.5 cm. Between the hoops we place the plates at the same distance and fix them with electrical tape - they will hold the circles of the hoop. We connect the lids two at a time with the flat part and pierce them in the center with metal rods. As a result, we should have 5 elements, which must be securely attached using electrical tape between the plates at the same distance. Once the last element is attached, the tool can be used for its intended purpose.

Pan flute (pan flute)

This musical instrument is very easy to make. For it you will need adhesive tape, 7 cocktail straws and 2 pieces of thick cardboard 3 cm wide, and the length will depend on the width of the tubes folded together.

Each of the tubes needs to be cut a little so that they produce a sound of different tones. The difference between them can be 1-1.5 cm. Let the longest tube be 15.5 cm, then the shortest - 5.5-6 cm. When the tubes are cut, lay them out on a strip of tape so that on one side they the ends remained at the same level. We fix this position of the tubes with tape, wrapping the row in 2 layers. Next, we attach cardboard to this tape to make the panflute look more presentable. The ends of the instrument must be sealed with plasticine so that it can make sounds while playing.

Chinese drum

For this musical instrument you will need tin(approximately 5 cm in height) without lid and bottom. Instead, you can put them on the jar plastic lids, tightly adjacent to its walls. Next, you need to take a ribbon or strong rope about 20 cm long. The walls of the jar need to be pierced between the lids at the same distance so that the imaginary line of diameter runs clearly through the center of the jar. Through the resulting two opposite holes you need to stretch the rope, leaving the ends of the same length on both sides, tying knots at the walls of the jar and stepping back a couple of centimeters from the edge of the rope. Thread a wooden bead onto the edges of the rope and secure them with a strong knot. The tool is ready.

Wind chime bells

If you have an old Chinese pendant called a "wind chime" lying around somewhere, it's time to give it a try. new life. To do this, disassemble it into its component parts - for the bells we only need tubes. Attach these tubes to a piece of stick with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm, using a strong rope. Place the tubes at equal distances in order from the longest tube to the shortest. Now this instrument can be used as orchestral bells.

Drums of different heights and diameters

To make drums you will need several tin cans, for example, tea or biscuits. Instead of a lid, use strong paper, secured with rubber bands, foil or leather. It is better to play music on such an instrument with pencils, at one end of which there is an eraser. Keep in mind that the sound of the instrument depends on the size of the homemade drum. Therefore, with a little work together with your child, you can create an entire drum set.

Bells on a cardboard tube or beater

For this tool you will need:

• cardboard tube (for example, from foil or parchment);
• 12 bells (you can buy them at a craft store or tear them off from old toys);
• thick needle;
• dense threads.

In the paper roll, you need to pierce holes at one end according to the number of bells. It is important that these holes are at the same distance from each other, located in two rows along the entire diameter of the tube. We carefully but securely attach the bells to the tube using thread. As a result, the tool should look like this:

Castanets

This musical instrument is an excellent assistant in learning rhythm. Making castanets with your own hands is very simple: take two metal lids, for example, from tin can with tea. Attach a piece of fabric to the back of each lid so that the child can put the castanets on his fingers. The result of the work might look like this:

Harmonica

Take two combs of the same size and wax paper. Place the combs together so that the teeth remain in the same direction. The combs need to be wrapped with paper around the edges, securing the structure with twine. You need to play the accordion by blowing between the teeth of the structure.

Flute of Rain

For this tool you will need a long cardboard tube (for example, from food foil, but it is a bit short, it is better to look in hardware store a similar tube about 70 cm long). Inside this tube you need to insert a spiral made of foil. The spiral must match the length of the tube - this is important. Having tightly sealed one end of the tube, you need to pour a handful of beads, cereal or sand inside the structure. Next, you need to securely seal the second end of the tube. That's it, the rain flute is ready. Now, when you turn it over, you can hear the filler slowly descending through the tube, making the sound of rain.

With a little imagination, you can make guitars, whistles, bells, shakers, water xylophones, tambourines, cymbals and other musical instruments at home with your children. Such items will be especially loved by children, because they are made with their own hands. But the main benefit is that the child becomes several steps closer to the world of music.

DIY musical noise instruments.

Author: Markova Ruslana Pavlovna. Musical director of the Children's Preschool Educational Institution "Skazka" in the village of Trostyanka, Balashovsky district, Saratov region.
Description: This master class will be useful for teachers preschool education and parents. Designed for older children preschool age.
Target: training master class participants in the use of noise musical instruments in working with preschool children.
Tasks:
Introduce master class participants to the methods of making noise musical instruments;
Introduce methods and techniques for using noise musical instruments in everyday life;
Level Up professional competence most teachers, as well as parents, their motivation for systematic use in practice.

Materials:
plastic bottles (I took a bottle of children's champagne and a small bottle of mineral water), cardboard medicine box, colored paper, corrugated paper, scissors, pencil, compass, A4 paper, felt-tip pens, buckwheat, peas, salt, glue PVA strong hold, silicone gun glue.

Today we will make three musical noise instruments at once - a large “herringbone rattle” maracas from a plastic bottle of children’s champagne, a small “musical daisy” maracas from a small plastic bottle, and a bright rainbow “rustle” from a medicine box.
Let's start making the first musical instrument.
1. We cut fairly long strips (the length or number depends on the size of the plastic bottles) with a width of seven centimeters of one color and nine centimeters of another color. We make moth-shaped cuts on one side.

2.Glue the strips to each other at the bottom of the base.

3. While our strips are drying, we cut another strip about five centimeters wide for the neck. On one side, make moth-shaped cuts about twenty centimeters long.

4. Having smeared the strips at the base with glue, first glue the neck in a spiral motion, then, starting from the bottom of the bottle, the main part. I ended up with several strips, which made it easier to glue.

And so, while our product is drying, we begin to make the second musical instrument - the “musical daisy”.
5. Cut a long green strip, 4-5 centimeters wide. corrugated paper. Let me explain why corrugated paper - it is much softer than regular paper and fits better on the topography of the bottle. Apply glue to the strip and cover the bottle.

We send our bottle to dry, and begin making the “hornet”.
6. Cut multi-colored strips of 3-5 centimeters from colored paper and two squares, for the back of the box, the squares should be slightly larger, with small cuts on the corners for folding.

on one side we glue the back side tightly, without the possibility of opening it, on the other we glue it so that our “hornet” opens in order to pour the cereal there.

7. Now we paste over the strips, cutting off the excess along the edges.

Our bottles have already dried up, and we are returning to the “musical daisy”
8. On A4 paper, using a compass, draw a circle with a diameter of 13-14 centimeters.

9. Divide the circle first into four equal parts, then into eight.

10. Draw round petals.

11. Outline the neck of the bottle, making the middle of a chamomile.

12.Cut out the daisy. We don’t cut out the middle, but make cuts along the lines.

13. We tint our blanks either with felt-tip pens or paints.

14. We put the whisks on the bottle, and you can pour the cereal into our tools.

15.The last stage in the manufacture of musical instruments.
We take a piece of yellow lining material, place a bottle cap on the piece, drip heated gun glue inside the cap and glue the edges of the material inside the cap.

Screw on the lids and our musical noise instruments are READY!

And now you just need to play: the children stand in a circle, take for example the instrument that Vanya made, sing a simple song “play, play, and pass it on to someone else,” we pass the instrument to each other until all the children have played.
"Tsikki-tasy, tsyki-tasy! –
MARACAS have come to life. –
You won't find it now
No one is more mobile than us!
We are not silent for a minute -
We're all banging our heads!
We will play tango for you
About the country where mangoes ripen!
Dance, amigo maracas!
Tsikki-tasy, tsyki-tasy!"

Children's music playing opens up a child's magical world musical sounds, helps to immerse yourself in the melodic beauty of the sound of instruments, awaken creative initiative. It is important to develop in a child everything valuable that nature has so generously endowed him with, creating a favorable environment for the formation musical culture, based on the innate abilities of the child, revealing and improving the inclinations and inclinations inherent in him.

Goals of conducting classes on musical instruments in kindergarten, specific tasks and techniques

Aesthetic pleasure obtained from playing different games different instruments, accompanying creative and active games help expand the range of musical impressions, personal development children, stimulate creative activity, develop thinking, attention, memory and strong-willed qualities. That is why it is so important to carry out work on music education systematically and purposefully, carefully studying teaching methods and techniques.

Any instrument is easy to play: you just need to touch the right key at the right moment, and the instrument will sound itself.

J. S. Bach

Goals and objectives of classes, methodological techniques relevant for different groups

Goals: development of musical and creative abilities, nurturing a love of music and artistic taste.

• develop rhythmic hearing;
• introduce the classification and sound of musical instruments;
• teach playing the simplest percussion, noise, and plucked string instruments.

General teaching techniques:

• verbal:
  • educational conversation;
  • practical explanations;
  • leading and problematic questions;
  • riddles;
  • poems;
• visual:
  • demonstration and examination of instruments;
  • discussion of thematic illustrations;
  • showing ways and techniques of the game;
• practical:
  • children’s reproduction of techniques for playing various musical instruments;
  • improving acquired skills;
  • production of musical instruments and playing aids from scrap and scrap materials;
• gaming:
  • didactic games;
  • outdoor musical games.

Video: game “Happy Tambourine”

Music lessons involve competent alternation of frontal, group, and individual formats of teacher work with children. This approach allows children to become more deeply acquainted with the expressive capabilities of each instrument, stimulates interest in music-making, creative improvisation, and awakens inspiration for writing.

Methodological techniques for working with different age groups

Every age period has its own characteristics and requires its own pedagogical approach. The methodological recommendations also differ.

Age: 2–3 years (first junior group)

Gaming techniques: children become familiar with musical instruments while playing out a surprise situation. For example, a bear brought a bag with some amazing objects (pipes, rattles, drums, cubes), the kids examine the instruments and try to make sounds. Then under musical accompaniment They perform rhythmic movements of varying strengths with a rattle, allowing them to achieve either quiet or loud sounds. The lesson turns into a little research, learning new things, and gives you your discoveries. This creates an atmosphere of relaxed, joyful surprise and pleasure from communicating with music. At the next lesson, communication with the forest friend continues, the clumsy bear offers to dance with him to the sound of a tambourine. Kids will be happy to imitate their favorite hero, moving slowly from foot to foot, waddling and trying to follow the rhythmic pattern of dance movements. Through play activities, children also learn:

• distinguish the sounds of different musical instruments;
• identify sounds by height;
• develop a sense of rhythm.

Age: 4 years

Children of the fourth year of life are additionally familiar with the musical hammer and metallophone, and happily take part in rhythm games with tools. For example, children are asked to convey the accelerating or decelerating sound of the wheels of a moving train or the clatter of hooves of a running horse. In game didactic tasks, children of this age can without much difficulty:

• reproduce a fast and slow sound rhythm on one instrument (a nimble bunny jumps quickly, a large clumsy elephant walks slowly and heavily);
• distinguish between high and low sounds of a bell;
• convey the elementary rhythmic pattern of the melody;
• recognize a musical instrument known to them by its “voice”.

Children of middle preschool age master the art of playing the metallophone

Age: 5 years

Children of this age master the art of playing the metallophone. This tool helps develop ear for music, sense of rhythm, as well as musical memory. The teacher pays great attention to demonstration and simultaneous explanation correct position body, hand movements. The initial acquaintance with the technique of playing the glockenspiel occurs during a lesson, and training and consolidation of skills continues during individual communication with children - for example, when a child is asked to depict a rhythmic pattern of his own name with simultaneous voice accompaniment. To accurately depict the rhythm, the teacher suggests first clapping and then reproducing the rhythmic pattern on a tambourine or musical hammers. Great value They acquire the reproduction of a melodic line, adherence to tempo, and coherence of movements.

Playing plucked string instruments also develops fine motor skills.

Age: 6 years

Children get acquainted with new and quite complex plucked string instruments (harp, zither, gusli) and keyboard instruments (accordion, button accordion). Mastering the skill of playing the zither is carried out in an individual form. Didactic games of a musical orientation, awakening children's fantasy and imagination and developing sensory abilities, acquire the greatest importance. In the second half of the year, children begin to master musical literacy. The study of the musical staff and the names of notes takes place through game situations that evoke a lively emotional response and cognitive interest; poems, songs, and fairy tales are actively used.

Stages of getting to know musical instruments

Game techniques:

1. Junior preschool age:
   • rattle: hitting the palm of the hand or a hard horizontal surface (table, floor) with an instrument; shaking;
   • tambourine: the instrument is fixed in one hand, a blow is struck with the palm or fist of the other hand; shaking;
   • bells: the instrument is held in a vertical position, struck with a stick, pushed with a finger or shaken freely;
   • drum: synchronous, alternating rhythmic beats with sticks or roll;
   • wooden spoons: “palm” technique, hitting the “heel” with the “heel”;
   • metallophone: confidently driving a hammer in the air, hitting one plate with a rebound.
2. Middle preschool age:
   • tambourine: new technique - hitting with fingertips;
   • metallophone: practicing the glissando technique (slow sliding from sound to sound);
   • spoons: a new technique - “pancakes” (alternate blows on the “heel” of the left spoon, then on the “heel” of the right spoon).
3. Senior preschool age:
   • glockenspiel:
     • freely unfolding the hand, perform the “blow-rebound” technique;
     • achieve the correct movement of the hammer up and down;
     • learn to convey a sound rhythmic pattern by tapping;
   • xylophone, rumba: “Bourdon” technique (continuous sound);
   • familiarization with the techniques of playing percussion and noise instruments:
     • beaters,
     • maracas,
     • castanets,
     • bells

Video: concert number (middle and senior preschool age)

Organizing a lesson on learning musical instruments

Lesson structure:

1. Introductory, motivational part:
   • musical greeting,
   • watching a presentation video,
   • educational conversation,
   • discussion of the topic.
2. Main part:
   • creative tasks and exercises,
   • playing children's musical instruments,
   • musical and didactic games.
3. Final part:
   • final conversation between the teacher and the children,
   • thanks for active work and interest shown in the activity.

Will help to awaken interest in music playing professional approach and the personal imagination of the teacher, who, to activate the creative potential of his students, can use in his work:

• poems;
• riddles;
• games;
• costume performances;
• demonstration of illustrations;
• listening to a fragment of a piece of music;
• watching multimedia presentations, videos or animated films.

The teacher’s thoughtful approach to organizing classes, comprehensive preliminary preparation will create an informal, lively environment, increase the interest and emotional return of children.

Table: ideas for the introductory part of the lesson

Lesson topic	Contents of the introductory part
“Journey with Emelya to a musical fairyland”	Emelya appears to the sounds of a Russian folk dance melody. Emelya: Hello, guys, I really love traveling around the world on my stove, I invite you to join me and go on a long journey! Educator: Emelya, we gladly accept your invitation, but first guess our riddle (reads the riddle about the spoon). Emelya: This is a spoon, wow, how did I not guess it myself? That’s right, before a long magical journey it wouldn’t hurt to have a thorough meal, and I love to eat! Educator: Emelya, this is not just a spoon, but a folk musical instrument. Emelya: How is that? For teapots and jugs? Educator: No, of course, the performer hits the spoon on the spoon, like this. Emelya: This is all very interesting, but what does this have to do with our plans? Educator: Guys, let's show our guest a hint. (Children perform a folk melody on spoons) Emelya: I understand, a journey awaits us to the amazing country of Russian folk instruments!
"City of Music Masters"	The teacher invites the children to go on a magical journey, the kids look at the map fairy kingdom, they find on it an image of a musical key, which symbolizes the city of musical instrument makers. Swing magic wand transports children to fairy-tale reality. Imagination helps to imagine a city in which there are many beautiful houses, but the city square is empty, the city is deserted, as if enchanted. You need to solve riddles, complete exercises and guess which instruments (spoons, tambourine, rattle, etc.) the residents are masters of. Then perform a melody, dance, sing, then the city will come to life, filled with cheerful laughter, the sound of musical instruments, songs and dances.
“We’ll invite the violin to visit”	A violin teacher from a children's music school is invited to attend a lesson. A piece performed by a professional musician will introduce you to an amazingly beautiful instrument. The music teacher’s story is accompanied by a demonstration of a real instrument: “Look at the flexible body of the violin, the thin, graceful waist. The part of the instrument that ends in a curl is called the neck; strings are stretched across it, and sound is produced from contact with the strings. The beautiful lingering sound of a violin depends on the bow. Touch the bow and you will see that the reed is stretched with real, fine horsehair. Now pluck the string with your fingers and hear a dull, short sound. Only the bow helps the violin truly sing in a drawn-out and gentle voice. Try to move the bow along the string, hear, the violin seems to speak.”
"Land of Musical Instruments"	The teacher tells the children that a swallow flew into the open window and brought a letter. Text of the letter: “Dear guys, I know that you really love listening to music, singing and dancing. The Queen of our Country of Musical Instruments invites you to visit. Flute Girl." The children decide to accept the invitation and are about to set off, but then Pinocchio runs into the room, sings a song and is very out of tune. The teacher invites the children to take Pinocchio with them so that he learns to sing and gets acquainted with musical instruments. Children move to the music, tapping the rhythm using rattles.

Video: introduction to musical instruments (GCD - directed educational activity, middle group, author I. V. Tyarina)

Topics for developmental conversation:

• “Is it possible to live without music?”
• "Keyboard City"
• "Visiting the wind instruments"
• “Secrets and mysteries of Russian folk instruments”

Stories about different instruments for the introductory part of a music lesson

You can also use information and communication technologies (ICT), supplementing the text with records of the relevant tool and pictures:

1. From the first moments of life, a person is surrounded by sounds. In the natural world, music is everywhere. Listen - and you will hear the melody of birds singing, rustling autumn leaves underfoot, rolling noise sea ​​wave, the quiet breath of the spring breeze, the chirping of cicadas on a hot summer day. Music surrounds us everywhere, we just need to learn to hear it. People invented many different instruments, invented a special musical writing, and learned to write melodies using notes. Today we will touch amazing world musical instruments.

   Music is everywhere in the natural world

2. Percussion instruments are a loud, boisterous group of instruments. Its most famous, powerful and important participant is the drum. Guys, why do you think the drum has round shape, and not triangular? (Only a circle allows you to achieve the necessary tension force on the skin). With the help of sticks you can get sounds of different strengths - from the rustle of light steps to a menacing rumble. Drumming is the most difficult performing technique and requires real virtuoso skill from the musician.

   Percussion instruments are the loudest, noisiest team of instruments

3. The family of wind instruments (brass) - leads the parade processions, being a welcome participant in special events: the jubilant voices of brilliant beauties (trumpet, flute, saxophone) perform melodies in honor of the winners of sports competitions, greeting the most dear and important guests. Perhaps the name is due to the fact that the magical sounds that delight listeners will be produced only by those musicians who put their soul into playing.

   The family of wind instruments (brass) leads the parade processions, a welcome participant in special events

4. The community of string instruments (violin, guitar, cello) has always been very loved by even the most demanding and strict public due to its gentle and soft sound. In their shape, these instruments are very reminiscent human body, sounds are produced with a bow or the pads of the fingertips. String instruments occupy the most important places in the symphony orchestra - in front of the conductor and the audience.

   In their shape, these instruments are very reminiscent of the human body; sounds are produced with a bow or the pads of the fingertips.

Video: “How keyboard and wind musical instruments sound” (cartoon)

Musical and didactic games for younger groups

Options for play exercises and tasks for children aged two to four years:

• playing to the soundtrack of any popular children's song, tapping “to the beat”;
• sound accompaniment to poems;
• sound pictures on the proposed topic (for example, depict a natural phenomenon - rain, wind noise, snowfall);
• fairy-tale story in sound (onomatopoeia for fairy-tale characters).

"The Story of Baby Squirrels"

In the fall, baby squirrels ran along forest paths, diligently collecting mushrooms and nuts for the winter (drum your fingers). But then fluffy white snowflakes began to quietly fall to the ground (metallophone), gradually they wrapped the chilled earth in a beautiful snow-white blanket, on which traces of nimble squirrels became noticeable (triangle). In their cozy and warm tree houses, the baby squirrels gnawed nuts (spoons). The warmth of their houses was kept by a rug of dry leaves (with the rustling of noise instruments). And it was cold outside, an icy wind was blowing (flute).

"In the clearing"

Forest animals have come running to a sunny clearing to bask - a variety of music sounds, conveying images of animals: a slowly waddling bear, a quickly jumping bunny, a cautiously sneaking fox. Kids need to guess who is who and show them in motion and sound.

Kids need to depict the image of an animal in movement and sound.

"Droplets and Rays"

Children listen carefully to music depicting the sound of rain. Kids need to clap the rain and convey the smooth movements of gentle rays of sunshine on a musical instrument. Children independently choose the appropriate instrument and come up with dance moves.

"Musical Flowers"

A game to recognize the character of a melody.

The pictures are on the table. Children listen to the soundtrack, take turns determining the nature of the music, choosing the appropriate flower and showing it.

Each child has one flower; if a melody sounds that matches the mood of his flower’s face, then the child picks up his card.

The middle of the flower depicts options for emotional states

The middle of the flower depicts variants of the emotional state:

• gentle, affectionate, calm, pacifying;
• sad, melancholy, melancholy;
• perky, joyful, mischievous.

Games for middle and high school age

In middle and older preschool age, children can already cope with more complex tasks.

"Rhythmic Ornaments"

The game develops the idea of ​​high and low, long and short, smooth and sharp sounds. Didactic material: pictures from graphic representation rhythmic pattern.

The game develops the idea of ​​high and low, long and short, smooth and sharp sounds.

Children are invited to clap, play instruments, and show with the help of their voice or plastic movements the musical pattern depicted on the card.

"Rhythmic fence"

The game reinforces the concept of a strong beat and develops a sense of rhythm. The teacher claps melodies of different genres (polka, waltz, march) with an emphasis on the downbeat, showing the corresponding card.

The game reinforces the concept of a strong beat and develops a sense of rhythm.

"Pick a picture"

An exercise to reinforce the concept of musical tempo. Children listen to a piece of music, determine the tempo (fast, slow, very fast, very slow) and choose a picture of an animal whose character and temperament corresponds to the musical tempo.

Exercise to reinforce the concept of musical tempo

"Guess the musical instrument"

Musical fragments performed by a musical instrument are heard, children recognize it by sound and point to the corresponding card.

Children recognize an instrument by its sound and point to the corresponding card.

"Magic Screen"

The game expands your musical horizons, develops memory and attention. Children must recognize the song, remember the name, and choose a picture depicting an episode from a popular cartoon. Based on the picture, the child identifies the cartoon, remembers and sings the song.

Based on the picture, the child identifies the cartoon, remembers and sings the song.

"Loto for little musicians"

The game trains your pitch hearing abilities. It uses two groups of cards:

The child chooses an instrument and performs a melody ascending, descending, or on one sound: up from first to fifth, down from fifth to first, on one ruler.

"The Fourth Wheel"

The game reinforces knowledge about percussion, strings, wind and keyboard instruments. The child is offered a sheet with images of 4 musical instruments, where three belong to the same type, and the fourth does not. The child covers a picture that falls out of the logical series with a card.

The violin does not belong to the group of keyboards

"Musician Cube"

To play, you will need a large cube; it can be made from a shipping box or from an element of a modular construction set; images of children's musical instruments are glued to the edge of the cube. The cube should be light and attractive. The players throw it around in a circle to the accompaniment of music, the music stops, and the children stop playing. The child, who has a cube in his hands, names the instrument drawn on the top edge, approaches the table, takes the corresponding musical instrument and plays a melody, repeating the rhythmic pattern after the teacher.

The child names the instrument drawn on the top edge, approaches the table, takes the corresponding musical instrument and plays a melody

"Ladder"

Items for play: a five-step ladder made from elements of a building set, toys, children's musical instruments. The first player plays a melody, the second player determines the direction of the sound movement and moves the toy to the upper step, the lower one, or leaves it on the same step.

The player determines the direction of the sound movement of the melody and moves the toy along the steps

Video: playing musical instruments (senior group)

Table: riddles about musical instruments

Mystery	Answer
Here are the keys, like on a piano, But for them to play, So that the song is not bad, The furs need to be stretched.	Accordion
Three strings, plays loudly That instrument is the “cocked hat”. Find out quickly What is this?	Balalaika
It's easy to go hiking with me, It's fun with me on the way, And I'm a screamer, and I'm a brawler, I am loud, round...	Drum
He has a pleated shirt He loves to dance in a squat position, He dances and sings - If you get your hands on it. Forty buttons on it With pearlescent fire. A merry fellow, not a brawler Our vociferous...	Accordion
The string rings, she sings, And the song is heard by everyone. Six strings play anything And that instrument is always fashionable. He will never get old. We call that instrument...	Guitar
Carved in the forest Smoothly hewn Sings and pours out. What's it called?	Dudochka
musical instrument, He is a brass He has a single cane, So handsome. And more graceful than him, Apparently not in music. Does everyone understand what I mean? This…	Clarinet
They eat soup at lunch, By evening they will “talk” Wooden girls Musical sisters. Play a little too On beautiful bright...	Spoons
He looks like a rattle Only this is not a toy!	Maraca
Loved music very much Two sisters, Natasha and Nina, And that's why we bought it They are very...	Piano
The smooth movements of the bow make the strings tremble, The tune murmurs from afar, sings about the lunar wind. How clear the sounds are overflowing, there is joy and a smile in them. A dreamy tune sounds and is played...	Violin
They are made of copper. You need to wave your hands in time, Strike loudly, then rest. Their party is not a trifle, not a trifle, In music there are also...	Plates
Performed at the concert Our dear Tatiana, Like a star she played A whole hour for...	Piano

Video: musical and didactic game “Guess the musical instrument”

Project development algorithm

A creative project for getting to know musical instruments is a combined and expanded version of the implementation of cognitive and creative activities, combining several multidirectional artistic, aesthetic and practical activities (musical development, fiction, drawing, appliqué, making children's musical instruments, concert performances, etc. ), having a common theme.

Types of projects:

• short-term - from one lesson to one week;
• long-term - from a month to a year.

Project development algorithm:

• preparatory work;
• main part;
• final stage.

Directions and forms of implementation:

• intellectual and cognitive development:
  • educational conversations with parents and students;
  • quizzes and musical-didactic games;
  • homework;
  • demonstration material and visual aids (presentation games, information stands, moving folders, a music museum or corner, albums, an exhibition of children's drawings, etc.);
  • festive musical and theatrical events;
  • excursions, visits to museum exhibitions and concerts;
• educational games (musical and didactic, artistic, role-playing).
• practical activities in the manufacture of musical instruments;
• verbal techniques aimed at activating attention and developing memory (poems, tongue twisters, riddles, folklore materials, fairy tales);
• costumed musical entertainment, concert, music lounge (with the participation of a music worker).

Table: musical project “Russian Miracle Instruments”

Name	Russian miracle instruments
Characteristic	Long-term project in the preparatory group
Goals	Create conditions for expanding and enriching children's knowledge about the history of the origin of Russian folk instruments, fostering love and respect for Russian folk culture.
Tasks	To develop in children the experience of their own research activities, including the ability to plan and implement them, applying and acquiring new knowledge. To develop children's interest in Russian folk culture. To introduce children to the musical and expressive features of Russian folk instruments. To form motivation for musical activity through playing, singing, movement and performing folk instruments. Develop children's creative and musical abilities. To encourage children and parents to engage in joint cognitive and creative activities. To create a favorable developmental environment for children to develop an interest in playing in a folklore ensemble.
Participants	Children of the preparatory group, musical director, choreographer, educators, parents.
Content	Project implementation stages: Preparatory stage: Collection and study of material about the history of the origin of musical instruments. Writing a program for a folk ensemble “How many musicians - so many talents.” Organization of the subject-spatial environment (musical instruments, costume elements, artistic toys, attributes, musical and didactic games). Selection of musical material (songs, dances, musical works for listening and playing music). Selection fiction(fairy tales, riddles, poems, proverbs). Main stage: Research for the implementation of the project: “What can a spoon, harp, pipe and accordion tell us about?”, “Why can musical instruments knock, strum, whistle?”, “People play and amuse themselves.” Organization of a developmental, cognitive, subject environment (joint work of children and parents, children and teachers): joint search for information; conducting excursions; viewing illustrations; reading literature; learning ditties, songs, games, dances. conducting conversations; musical and didactic games; case studies; conducting direct educational activities and entertainment; classes in a circle; listening to audio recordings and watching videos; creation of a folklore ensemble. Products of activity: card files of Russian folk instruments, noise instruments, little books with fairy tales about musical instruments. Carrying out entertainment with parents, the “Journey of the Russian Spoon” holiday, participation in the regional competition “Little Country”. Final stage: Diagnosis of children's knowledge gained during the project. Product Introduction project activities(decoration of an exhibition of crafts, noise instruments). Preparation of the final presentation of the project. Round table with project participants. Analysis of the work done, reflection.

Table: musical project “Russian folk instruments”, author E. A. Glushko

Name	Russian folk musical instruments, author E. A. Glushko
Characteristic	Short-term project in the senior group
Goals	Introducing preschool children to Russian folk culture, its historical origins, which contribute to their musical and general cultural development.
Tasks	Introduce children to the history of Russian folk musical instruments. Introduce the sound of Russian folk instruments. To form the aesthetic taste of children. Find information about Russian folk musical instruments in literary sources and children's animation. Develop musical and game improvisations, rhythmic sense, hand motor skills, dynamic hearing. Strengthen sound production skills with the help of musical instruments (spoons, rattles, harps, bells). Encourage children to contact their parents with a request to attend performances of the Cossack choir and folk instrument orchestra. To cultivate interest and love for Russian folk music. Create conditions for a child to become acquainted with musical Russian folk works at home. Parents should encourage children to listen to and perform familiar folk works on children's musical instruments, and participate in musical activities with their children.
Participants	Children of the older group, musical director, choreographer, educators, parents.
Content	Project implementation stages: Preparatory stage: Creation of a technical base for getting acquainted with Russian folk musical instruments (creating a presentation, recording the sound of these instruments). Conversations “What Russian folk musical instruments do we know”, “Where can I find the necessary information?” Listening to the works of an orchestra of folk instruments. Formulating problematic issues. Proposing hypotheses. Practical part: Collecting information from various sources (encyclopedias, dictionaries, stories from adults, independent judgments, the Internet). Screening of the presentation “Russian folk musical instruments”. Conversations (Russian folk musical instruments in fairy tales, riddles about Russian folk musical instruments). Playing musical instruments. Conducting musical and didactic games to develop rhythmic sense and timbre hearing. Doing exercises for development fine motor skills hands Playing children's musical instruments in an orchestra. Final stage: Generalization and systematization of acquired knowledge. Recording the results of acquired knowledge (photos, listening to an orchestra of folk instruments). Preparing and conducting a presentation.

Video: Music Day in kindergarten

DIY children's musical instruments

These crafts are easy and simple to make with your children.

Maracas “Herringbone” and “Flower”, “Noisemaker” from a box

Materials and tools:

• a large bottle of children's champagne,
• a smaller juice bottle,
• box,
• sets of colored and corrugated paper,
• standard size sheet of paper
• markers,
• simple pencil,
• scissors,
• PVA glue,
• cereals, peas, salt.

For noise musical instruments you need containers, filler and paper for covering.

Step by step instructions:

1. Prepare a long strip of colored corrugated paper four to five centimeters wide, apply glue and decorate the body of the juice bottle.
   

   Prepare a long strip of colored corrugated paper four to five centimeters wide, apply glue and decorate the body of the juice bottle

2. Cut ribbons of two colors with a width of 8 and 10 cm from corrugated paper, the length depends on the diameter of the bottles. Cut strips on one side of the tape.

   Cut strips of corrugated paper in two colors 8 and 10 cm wide

3. Apply a bead of glue along the edge of the wide strip and glue a narrow strip of a different color to it.

   Apply a strip of glue along the edge of the wide strip and glue a narrow strip of a different color to it

4. Prepare another strip for the neck about six centimeters wide and make cuts in the same way.

   Prepare another strip for the neck about six centimeters wide and make cuts in the same way

5. Cover the body of a large bottle, starting from the base, and cover the neck in a spiral motion.

   Cover the main part of the bottle body, starting from the base, and cover the neck in a spiral motion.

6. On A4 paper, draw a circle of thirteen to fourteen centimeters (using a compass or tracing a ready-made template).

   On A-4 paper, draw a circle of thirteen to fourteen centimeters (using a compass or tracing a ready-made template)

7. Divide the circle into eight parts, rounding the edges of the inner triangles into the shape of petals.

   Divide the circle into eight parts, rounding the edges of the inner triangles in the shape of petals

8. Cut out the flower, draw a round center the size of the neck and make cuts along the lines.

   Cut out the flower, draw a round center according to the size of the neck and make cuts along the lines

9. Draw two blanks with colored pencils or felt-tip pens (optional).
   

   Draw two blanks with felt-tip pens or colored pencils

10. Place the blanks on the neck of the bottle and pour the noise material into the bottles.

    Place the blanks on the neck of the bottle, pour the cereal into the bottles

11. Prepare bright colored strips three to five centimeters wide and two squares, cover the box; We do not seal one of the back sides; we leave the opportunity to pour the cereal into the box. Pour the filler into the box.

    Prepare bright colored strips three to five centimeters wide and two squares, cover the box

12. Screw on the lids and seal the box: the musical toys are ready!

    Musical toys are ready

Instructions:

1. Cover mayonnaise jars with colored paper blanks.
2. Thread bright ribbons into the side holes.

Cover the mayonnaise jars with blanks of colored paper, thread bright ribbons into the side holes, the tool is ready