It is not possible to install main gas everywhere, but electricity is available everywhere (almost). How and using what device can be made electric heating private home, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each method - more on all this below.
Heating with electricity can be done in several ways. First of all, you should decide on the type of system you want to implement. Will it be traditional water heating, air heating or underfloor heating. All three systems can be used as a single heating method, or combined - any two or even all three. To decide, you need to imagine the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Water heating with electric boiler
Let's start with the advantages. The most stable system, which, due to inertia, continues to maintain the temperature for some time after the boiler has stopped working. During operation, it minimally dries the air and operates almost silently. High maintainability. If you do not hide heating pipes in the walls, they are always available for repair and replacement.
The disadvantages are as follows. A complex system of pipes and radiators requires a lot of time and money at the installation stage. Due to inertia, it is impossible to quickly change the temperature - it will not be possible to quickly heat the room. When the system is stopped in winter, it may collapse - if the water freezes in the pipes, they will burst. For serious repairs, a complete shutdown and draining of the coolant is required.
Air heating using electric heaters
Heating of this type is quickly installed. All you need to do is buy heaters, hang them up and plug them into the network. The air begins to heat up immediately after switching on. When the system freezes, it remains operational - there is nothing to freeze. The heating elements are not connected to each other. The failure of one does not in any way affect the performance of the others. It can be easily repaired.
Hang the heaters - that's all you need
The disadvantages of air heating are: The first is that when the heaters are turned off, the temperature drops quickly. To provide permanent job A backup power supply system is required. The second is that due to direct contact with the heating elements, the air dries out; measures/devices are needed to humidify the air. Third, many air heaters have built-in fans, which improve efficiency, but they are noisy.
Warm floor with electric elements
Electric underfloor heating is the youngest heating system. Of all those described above, it gives the most comfortable conditions— the highest temperature is obtained at the level of the feet, and in the area of the head it is average. Also, this system is inert - it takes a significant period of time for the floor mass to heat up/cool down. For this reason, after turning off, the temperature remains for some time. The complexity of installation depends on the type of electric heated floor. There are systems that require screeds (electric heating cables and mats), there are those that are mounted on a flat, rigid base without wet work (film heated floors) and can be used to heat laminate, linoleum, etc.
Electric heating of a private house using heated floors also has disadvantages. The first is average or low maintainability. There is no direct access to the heating system. I have to disassemble/break the floor. Secondly, the time and effort required to install electric underfloor heating cannot be called low. Systems that require a screed take about a month to install (while the screed is “ripening” you cannot use it); a heated floor for “dry” installation can be assembled in a day, but the cost of the heating elements is quite high.
What type of electric heating is the best?
As you can see, it’s impossible to say which type of electric heating is the best in a house. There is no ideal. It is necessary to proceed from the operating conditions:
The above is based on the majority's choice. This does not mean that you cannot be in the house with permanent residence make air electric heating of a private house. They can, and they do. You just need to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages.
Electric boilers for water heating
One of the key positions when installing water heating at home is the boiler. There are three types of electric boilers:
They all heat water using electricity, but use different processes and technologies. Each type has advantages and disadvantages, which we will discuss in more detail.
Electric boilers heating elements
The working element in these heating boilers is a tubular electric heater, abbreviated as heating element. It is made of a material that produces heat when electric current passes through it. This element is enclosed in an electrically insulating tube, the space between the heating element and the tube is filled with sand - for more efficient heat transfer from the heating coil to the body. The water in the boiler flows around the heating element, heating up from its walls.
As is clear from the description, electric boiler This type is not very efficient - there are too many losses during heat transfer. But boilers with heating elements are popular due to the fact that they have a relatively low cost and the heating elements are easily replaced. Another disadvantage of this type of boilers is their large dimensions - you need a container for heating water,
In order for electric heating of a private house based on a boiler with heating elements to be economical, it must have the following functions:
Such models are expensive, but heating bills come lower, since at any given time as many heaters are working as needed to maintain the desired temperature. This is how savings are achieved.
There is one more point: the system must be closed. The fact is that when water is heated, a limescale deposit forms on the surface of the heating elements, which significantly reduces the efficiency of water heating. In a closed-type system, a certain amount of water circulates and there is simply nowhere to “achieve” the raid. If the system is planned open type, it will have to use water with a minimum amount of salts. Ideally, distilled.
Induction electric boilers
It has long been noted that an object entering a magnetic field heats up. The operation of induction heating boilers is based on this phenomenon. It is essentially a large induction coil through which current is passed. Water flows through the induction field, heats up, and enters the system.
Advantages of an induction boiler:
The disadvantages of these boilers are more high price(compared to heating element boilers of similar power). The second disadvantage is that you need to monitor the coolant level in the system. There is no way to control it automatically, so constant checks are required. If it is not enough, the coil will overheat. If this state of affairs continues for some time, the housing may even melt. This is one of the important points.
Otherwise, the reliability of this boiler is high - there is nothing to burn out, since the conductor through which the current flows heats up slightly. After all, heat formation occurs in a liquid.
Electrode heating boilers
These electric heating boilers use the phenomenon of electrolysis. When ions move towards an electrode with a corresponding charge, heat is released. An alternating voltage Hz is supplied to the electrodes in this heating boiler. So the polarity of the electrodes changes 50 times per second. As a result, the movement of ions accompanied by the release of heat does not stop and the heat spreads throughout the heating system.
Advantages of electrode boilers:
- The coolant is heated “from the inside”, at the same time the entire volume of liquid inside the boiler is heated. So the energy efficiency of such equipment is high, less time is needed to reach the set temperature. This leads to reduced heating costs. This is what the manufacturers say, and this is confirmed by the owners of these boilers.
- Small sizes.
- Lack of coolant is not a problem. The equipment simply won't work. Add water to the system and everything will work.
- Low cost.
- Easy installation.
These are all the real advantages of electrode heating boilers. The main advantage is that this equipment can be left to work unattended.
Disadvantages of this heating equipment:
The described disadvantages can rather be attributed to the features of operation. In general, electric heating of a private house with an electrode boiler suits many people. All that is necessary is to properly prepare the water (add salt) or fill in a special coolant.
A few words about the cost of electric boilers
If you look at the prices for electric heating boilers, heating element boilers actually have a higher price tag, while electrode or induction boilers have a much lower price tag. But don't delude yourself. In reality the difference will not be so striking.
Under the casing of the heating element boiler, in addition to the tank for heating water and heating elements Also hidden are a circulation pump, a temperature sensor, a control device and an expansion tank. That is, you don’t need to buy anything additional.
The price tag for an electrode and induction boiler is only the boiler itself, sometimes complete with a control unit, and even then not always. Sometimes controls need to be purchased separately. All other parts of the system that water electric heating of a private house requires - an expansion tank, a circulation pump, sensors - all these devices will have to be purchased separately. That's for sure. Perhaps the amount spent as a result will be less than the cost of a heating element boiler, but the difference will clearly not be as big as it seems at first glance. And this must be remembered.
Heating a home using electric heaters
Electric heating of a private house can be done using electric heaters. It can be done based on:
What is most attractive about the idea of electric air heating for a private home is the lack of need to build a complex and expensive system. All you need is sockets and sufficient dedicated power to power the home. The heating itself can be organized using a variety of devices.
Air convectors
According to the installation method they are:
An air convector of any type has a similar structure: there is a heating element (heating element) with fins - for better heat transfer. The required temperature is set on the thermostat, which turns the heater on/off as needed. For better circulation there are holes in the housing. The lower ones are for the entry of cold air, the upper ones are for the exit of heated air. In this case, circulation occurs naturally, but the air moves slowly in this case, also slowly spreading heat. For a more active temperature increase, some models have built-in fans that speed up the process.
Three types - wall, ceiling, floor - require virtually no installation. For wall ones you need two hooks screwed into the wall, for ceiling ones they are fastened with dowels or self-tapping screws to the ceiling, for floor ones - with the same fasteners, but to the floor. But with the other two types - baseboard and in-floor - the situation is different.
As the name implies, baseboards are installed instead of skirting boards and have a corresponding appearance. The difference from heating with conventional convectors is that the air exits near the wall, gradually heating it. Once heated, it begins to work like a large radiator, maintaining the temperature in the room for some time after the convector is turned off. The disadvantage is that until the wall(s) heat up, the air heats up very slowly. So, electric heating of a private house using baseboard convectors is suitable for permanent residence.
Skirting convectors - inconspicuous way electric heating
Convectors built into the floor have a different difference. They work like regular convectors, but are built into the floor. They have a depth of at least 10 cm (these are the “smallest”), so their installation is possible only at the repair stage. Moreover, the floor usually has to be raised. But this is the most inconspicuous heating method. It is indispensable if you need to heat a French window or continuous glazing.
Oil heaters
Electric heating of a private house using oil heaters don't do it that often. They are more used as a remedy in case of abnormal cold weather. Although they do their job well, fewer convectors dry the air. The heating element is the same heating element, it is inserted into a container filled with oil. Due to its energy intensity, it stores a small amount of heat and only then begins to radiate it. The walls of these heaters emit heat that is more pleasant for humans. It is more like heat from heated earth or a furnace.
The disadvantage of oil heaters is that it takes a significant amount of time for the oil to heat up. That is, due to their inertia, they can only be used on a long-term basis - in houses with permanent residence. At dachas - only for the duration of long visits, since they are not able to quickly heat the room.
Oil heaters are often produced on wheels - this is a mobile “emergency” option. There are wall-mounted models. Here they can be used for heating in the house.
Ceramic heating panels
In ceramic heating panels, the heating element is located close to the glass-ceramic front panel. This panel heats up to 80-90°C, after which it begins to emit heat in the infrared range. This is exactly the heat that the sun emits.
Like any heating element, this one “works” in two directions and heats the opposite side. To reduce heating losses on the back side, a screen is installed between the back panel and the heating element, reflecting part of the heat towards the ceramics. This increases heating efficiency.
When calculating conventional heaters (except infrared), take 1 kW of electric heater power per 10 square meters area. But if it is decided to use ceramic heating panels for electric heating of a private house, it is recommended to calculate 0.5 kW for the same area. And a video review of the operation of such a panel confirms the validity of this approach. But, in order to prevent the heater from working at its limit in cold weather, it is better to consider 0.6 kW per square. And that’s provided that you have “standard” ceilings.
Infrared emitters
Another way to organize electric heating for a private home is to use infrared heaters. Their main difference is that it is not the air that is heated, but the objects that fall within the range of infrared waves. They are already heating up the air. That is, this method of heating is identical to how the sun “works” - first the earth is heated, and from it the air.
One of the options for heating a private house with electricity is to use infrared heaters
This method turns out to be the most effective. In any case, a person in a room heated by such devices says that he feels warm at lower temperatures. The difference is 3-4°C. That is, this heating method allows you to waste less electricity. And one more positive point - heated objects (and these are walls and ceilings too) accumulate heat, and then maintain the temperature after the heaters are turned off.
The disadvantage of this heating method is the influence of a nearby powerful source of infrared radiation. Some doctors suggest the presence of negative aspects. But, so far, there are no proven facts.
A kilowatt-hour of heat produced by an electric boiler costs the cost of a kilowatt-hour of electricity (at the beginning of 2017, about 5 rubles), which makes this heat source the most expensive. Today I want to talk about how to make electric heating in your home as cheap as possible.
Why electricity
The cheapest source of heat is main gas. For the owner gas boiler A kilowatt-hour of heat costs only 50-70 kopecks. The only problem is that in many villages and suburbs of our great and vast land there is simply no gas.
Following gas in terms of cheapness of energy are:
- Firewood with a result of 0.9-1.1 rubles/kWh;
- Pellets(granulated sawdust) - 1.4-1.5 rubles/kWh;
- Coal- 1.6 rubles/kWh.
And how can electric heating, which costs 3-5 times more, compete with them?
Comrades, the list of key properties of a heating system does not end with efficiency. Autonomy is also important for her - the ability to maintain constant and comfortable temperature in the house without the participation of the owner. And according to this parameter, solid fuel loses to electricity to smithereens:
- Classic solid fuel boilers need fuel loading and kindling every 3-6 hours;
- Pyrolysis boilers lengthen the interval between kindlings to 10-12 hours;
- Pellet boilers with automated fuel supply from the bunker they operate autonomously for up to a week;
- All types of electric home heating are able to work without care and maintenance for an indefinitely long time.
Checkmate. Heating that does not allow you to leave the house for several days without resetting and draining the heating circuit (otherwise it will be defrosted) is extremely inconvenient.
A pellet boiler will be able to keep the house warm during your absence for several days. But constant supplies of pellets are not available everywhere, and the variation in prices for them often calls into question the efficiency of this type of fuel. Let's say, in Moscow a ton of pellets costs 7,000 rubles, and in Sevastopol - from 15,000.
So, our task is to find ways to reduce the overhead costs of heating with electricity.
Scheme 1: boiler with heat accumulator
Device
A small circuit with forced water circulation connects an electric boiler with a heat accumulator - a tank with external thermal insulation with a volume of up to 3000 liters.
A large circuit encircles the house, connecting the tank to the heating devices. Coolant recirculation must be organized in it, ensuring constant temperature batteries regardless of the temperature of the water in the tank.
To implement this scheme, a two-rate electricity tariff and a two-tariff meter are needed.
Operating principle
The boiler only works at night, during the night tariff (it is 3-4 times lower than the day tariff). The heat it generates is spent on heating water in the heat accumulator tank. During the day, when a kilowatt-hour costs more, the boiler is idle, and the accumulated heat is gradually used to heat the house.
Reference: heating 3000 liters of water by 40 degrees, you will store 175 kW h of heat. This is enough to heat a house with an area of 100-120 square meters for 16 hours (the entire duration of the daily tariff).
Winning: according to the current tariff schedule for our capital at the beginning of 2017, at a single-rate tariff, a kilowatt-hour of electricity costs 5.38 rubles. With two-rate pricing at night (from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m.), the price drops to 1.64 rubles. The difference is 3.3 times.
Cons:
- Large dimensions of the buffer tank. Not every boiler room can accommodate a tank with a volume of several cubic meters;
- Variation of regional tariffs. In Sevastopol, where I live, with electricity consumption over 600 kWh per day, the difference between single-rate and night tariffs will be only 5.4 versus 3.78 rubles.
Preved, marketing specialist
Since we have already touched on electric boilers, I should dispel one very common misconception associated with them.
Some types of boilers (specifically, electrode and induction) are positioned by manufacturers and sellers as economical. This positioning is a lie of the first order.
Any direct heating device has an efficiency of 100%. This statement follows from the law of conservation of energy: an electric boiler simply does not produce any other energy except thermal energy. It does not move in space against the gravity vector, and all losses due to radiation and even to the circulation of water in the circuit are ultimately converted into the same thermal energy.
The inscription “Eco-Energy” on the packaging of the electrode boiler should indicate its efficiency. As Bulgakov’s hero said, “I congratulate you, citizen, having lied.”
Scheme 2: heated floors
Device
A warm floor is a heating system in which radiators replace the entire floor surface. Its heating can be realized in several ways:
- Coolant pipes, laid in a screed or on heat distribution plates under fine coating;
- Heating cable. It fits not only into the screed, but also into a layer of tile adhesive under the tile;
- Film heaters. A heating element of this type is a sheet of dense dielectric polymer with a pair of copper current-carrying cores and high-voltage current-carrying paths connecting them to each other. electrical resistance. The film heated floor is laid under a finished floor covering with a sufficiently high thermal conductivity - linoleum, laminate or parquet board.
Water heating with heated floors and an electric boiler is, let’s say politely, a strange solution. It turns out to be unreasonably complex, and the mediation of the coolant further reduces the efficiency (coefficient useful action) heating system. Instead of a boiler, it is customary to use cable and film heating systems.
The film laid under the final coating has much less inertia compared to the cable laid under the tiles, and even more so in the screed. The film heater warms up the coating to a comfortable +25 °C in 5-10 minutes, the cable under the tile - in 30, the cable in the screed - in 3-5 hours.
Laying the heating film with your own hands is not particularly difficult:
| Image | Installation stage of film heated floor |
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Laying the substrate. Penofol (foamed foil insulation) is spread on the floor with the foil facing up. |
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Connecting the film to the thermostat and power supply. The terminals are crimped onto the current-carrying conductors and onto the wire, then insulated with bitumen overlays. A thermal sensor is placed under the film. |
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Laying the finishing coating. Laminate, linoleum or parquet is laid on top of the film heater. |
A couple of subtleties:
should not be more than 3.6 kW. If the room has a large area, install several separate power circuits with independent thermostats;Operating principle
Convection heating (good old wall radiators) warms up, first of all, the space under the ceiling: convection currents carry warm air, which has a lower density, upward. To get at least +20 °C at floor level, the air above your head needs to be heated to +26 - +30 degrees.
When heating with a warm floor, the picture is different: the air above the floor is heated the most, and as it rises to the ceiling, its temperature decreases.
What does this heat distribution provide?
- Subjective comfort. Feet warm are nice, believe me;
- No drafts at floor level. You can calmly let your baby explore the nursery or living room: colds will bypass him;
- Decrease in average temperature indoors. This parameter is directly related to savings: heat loss from a heated room is always directly proportional to the temperature delta with the street.
Winning: at 0 °C outside, reducing the average temperature in the room from 25 (30 on the ceiling and 20 on the floor) to 20 (22 on the floor and 18 on the ceiling) degrees will save 20%. As the street temperature increases, the efficiency of the solution will increase, and as it decreases, it will decrease.
Cons: even if you install electric heating in a private house with your own hands, it will cost about 800 rubles per square meter (when using an inexpensive film heater with a mechanical thermostat). If the installation is carried out by hired workers, the costs will increase by another one and a half to two times.
Scheme 3: infrared heating
Device
Any heating device gives off heat to surrounding objects in two ways:
- Due to convection(that is, direct contact with air and the transfer of thermal energy by its flows);
- Due to thermal radiation. Any person who has at least once sat in front of a winter bonfire: The air is cold, but your hands and face feel warm.
By changing the temperature and surface area of the device, one of the heat transfer methods can be achieved. A source of thermal energy with a small area and relatively high temperature will heat the room mainly with infrared rays, and moderately warm battery with developed finning of sections - convection.
Infrared electric heating of a private home can be organized using several types of devices:
| Image | A type of infrared heater |
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With quartz tube. It contains a heating coil that heats up to 600-800 °C when power is applied. |
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With ceramic or glass heating panel. Its temperature is much lower - 80-90 degrees. |
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With metal panel(aluminum or steel). For decorative screen The low-temperature heating coil is hidden in a ceramic insulator. |
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Film. The already familiar heating film for underfloor heating or a thin polymer sheet with a carbon fiber fused into it can be used as a heat source. |
How to organize infrared heating at home with your own hands? Here are some simple rules for installing IR heaters:
Optimal placement: on the ceiling, so that the heat radiation is directed downwards.
Connection: to a regular outlet or 220 volt wiring through the blocks.
Restrictions:
should not be more than 3.5 kW;Operating principle
When IR radiation sources are located under the ceiling and heat the floor, the temperature distribution in the room becomes the same as when using a heated floor: warm below, cool above.
But that's not all. Thermal radiation warms not only the floor and furniture: the skin and clothes of the people in the room also feel warm. As a result, the comfortable temperature zone decreases from 22-24 to 14-16 degrees.
The cost of installing a heating system is an order of magnitude lower than in the case of a heated floor: a device with a power of 1 kW and costing 1,500 rubles is capable of heating an area of 15-20 m2. For comparison, an inexpensive film heater of the same area with a simple mechanical thermostat will cost at least 12-15 thousand.
Winning: at an outside temperature of 0 ° C, reducing the average temperature in the room from 25 to 15 degrees will provide energy savings of 40%.
Cons: the entire living area of the house must fall within the radiation zone of IR heaters. Outside this zone it will simply be cold.
Scheme 4: heat pumps
Device
A heat pump is, as the name suggests, a device for pumping thermal energy. Most clear example heat pump - regular refrigerator: it takes thermal energy from the refrigerator compartment and gives it to the air of the room in which it stands.
How does this device work?
Here full cycle operation of the device for heating.
- The compressor compresses freon gas. As the pressure increases, it turns into a liquid state of aggregation and heats up by several tens of degrees;
- Hot refrigerant passes through the internal heat exchanger pump, where it transfers excess heat to the coolant or air in the room;
- After passing the expansion valve(simply put - a section of a highway with a sharply increasing cross-section), cooled liquid freon turns into gas and... instantly cools by several tens of degrees;
- The refrigerant passes through an external heat exchanger and heats up, taking heat from the external environment - cold compared to the air in the heated room, but warm compared to it;
- Next - compression with a compressor and a repeat cycle.
The benefit of such a cycle is that:
- External environment(heat donor) can be much colder than the air in the house;
- Electricity is consumed only by the compressor, and its electrical power can be several times lower than the effective thermal power of the pump (that is, the amount of heat that it pumps into the house per unit time).
The best heat pumps allow you to get up to 7 kWh of heat for every kilowatt-hour of electricity spent.
You will have to entrust the installation of the pump willy-nilly to representatives of the dealer or manufacturer: otherwise you will lose the warranty on the equipment.
The water heating system working with this device has only one feature: it must be low temperature (no higher than 55 degrees, preferably 40-45). In this case, you will get maximum efficiency of the heat pump: the temperature delta between its heat exchangers will be minimal.
With heat pumps with an internal water circuit, water heated floors or conventional radiators with an increased number of sections are used.
Operating principle
The donor medium can be:
- Priming below the freezing level. At a depth of several meters, its temperature is constant and remains at 10-14 degrees Celsius;
- Water in an ice-free body of water or groundwater pumped from a well with sufficient flow rate. The water that has given off heat is discharged into a drainage well;
Heat pump operating according to the “water-to-water” scheme: an external heat exchanger is placed in a non-freezing reservoir.
- Street air.
The minimum ambient temperature is limited by the characteristics of existing refrigerants. Air heat pumps are capable of operating at air temperatures not lower than -25 °C. As the outside temperature drops, the efficiency of the pump (heat output per kilowatt of power) decreases.
Winning: a kilowatt of heat costs 2.5-7 times less than a kilowatt of electricity, depending on the characteristics of the device and the temperatures of the heated room or coolant and the external environment.
Cons: high cost of equipment and installation. I can give specific figures: when installing an air source heat pump in a house next door to me with a heated area of 300 m2, all equipment (including heated floors and fan coil units) and its turnkey installation cost 850 thousand rubles.
In the case of geothermal pumps, the installation of ground heat exchangers makes a significant contribution to the project budget. Vertical collectors are immersed in wells 50-100 meters deep (drilling linear meter wells cost 2000-3000 rubles depending on the type of soil). A horizontal collector requires digging a pit with an area three times larger than the heated area.
Scheme 5: air conditioners
Device
An air conditioner is considered an electrical device for cooling air (the term “air conditioning” did not arise out of nowhere). However, any air conditioner is a special case of a heat pump operating according to the air-to-air circuit, and when operating for heating, it turns out to be more profitable than any direct heating device.
Naked facts:
- C.O.P.(Coefficient of Performance, the ratio of thermal power to consumed) of modern inverter air conditioners varies from 3.6 to 5;
- Lower operating temperature limit when operating for heating - -25 degrees allows the device to heat the house within warm regions countries all winter. IN middle lane In Russia, the air conditioner can be used in the off-season as an auxiliary heat source.
You can install the device either with your own hands or with the help of numerous companies offering installation and maintenance of climate control equipment.
Operating principle
It differs from heat pumps that heat the coolant in that it transfers heat directly to the air in the room. If you need to heat several rooms, no problem: install several inverters or a multi-split system (one external unit with several internal ones).
A couple of little tricks:
- When working on heat direct the air flow from the indoor unit down. If the blinds are installed in horizontal position, the air conditioner will heat the air under the ceiling;
- Fan indoor unit should work at high speeds. In this case, the flow of warm air reaches the floor and heats it. First of all, the recommendation concerns houses with concrete floors: The high thermal conductivity of concrete will cause the entire floor in the room to warm up.
Winning: energy savings reach 3-5 times compared to classic heating with an electric boiler.
Minus: limited range of outdoor temperatures.
My experience
The main source of heat in my house is inverter air conditioners. Perhaps my experience will be useful to the dear reader. So, numbers and facts:
Heated area: 154 square meters on two floors.
Climate zone: city of Sevastopol, Crimea peninsula. The average temperature in January is +3 °C.
Number of air conditioners: 5 pieces.
Total thermal power : 14 kilowatts.
Minimum outdoor temperature: manufacturers stated -15-25 °C. In practice, all air conditioners continued to heat properly during the peak of last year's frosts, when the temperature dropped to -21 degrees.
Energy consumption: from 800 to 1500 kWh per month depending on the outside temperature. At current rates, the cost is roughly the same as what my neighbors pay for firewood and coal. But at twice larger area home and incomparable convenience of using heating.
Conclusion
As you can see, electric heating can be quite economical and successfully compete in cheapness with solid fuel, or even with main gas. The video in this article will help you learn more about ways to heat your home with electricity. Please feel free to add and comment on it. Good luck, comrades!
For any residential building, no matter how large it is apartment building or a private household of one or two floors, an important issue is the organization of the most effective system heating. There are quite a few existing options to solve this problem, but not every one of them can be used in a particular case. For example, it is sometimes impossible to connect a house to gas. Also, the owners are not always able to stock up the right amount energy carrier for liquid and solid fuel boilers. In such cases, the most optimal and economical option There will be electric heating of the house.
Choosing the best option
The times when private houses were heated only with the help of wood stove. Currently existing materials and technologies allow owners to choose any of a variety of ways to create and maintain a comfortable temperature in a residential building. However, almost unanimously, experts say that the most acceptable option in this case is electric heating of the house, which in the future, without a doubt, will become the highest priority. After all, it is known that natural resource reserves are not at all limitless. Sooner or later, the time will come when you will have to completely abandon them and switch to electricity. After all, it is the cleanest energy carrier.
Judging by the reviews, electric home heating has an impressive list of undeniable advantages. Moreover, it is often simply the only in an accessible way heating the building.
Already at the stage of developing an electric heating system project, it becomes obvious that this method of creating a comfortable temperature in the house during the cold season is the most economical and cheapest. And this despite the fact that the speed of installation of electrical equipment is much higher than that of laying and installing heating circuits of other types. In some cases, the cost-effectiveness of the decision made is a decisive factor for the owners. Electric heating of the house will be the most profitable option, even despite the constant rise in prices for this type of energy. After all, currently existing the latest technologies the use of high efficiency is proposed.
Advantages of heating from a socket
Electric heating of the house has undoubted advantages. They are:
- Simplicity and ease of installation. To carry out the installation yourself, you do not need special knowledge or expensive tools. The equipment required for installation is small in size. Its installation is carried out quickly and at low cost. All devices designed to operate such a system are easily transportable and can be moved from one room to another. The owners will not need to allocate a separate room for the boiler room. Such a system does not need a chimney.
- Security. Using electrical equipment for heating a private home will avoid the formation carbon monoxide. In this case, combustion products will be completely absent. There will be no emissions of harmful emissions in such a system even if it breaks down and is further disassembled.
- Low initial costs. When installing such a system, there is no need to invite special services or obtain permits.
- Reliability and noiselessness. Judging by the reviews of experts, electric heating will not require regular service. In addition, all installations installed in the house will operate silently due to the absence of circulation pump and a fan.
- Ease of operation. Such a system does not have elements that can quickly fail. During its operation, you do not need to constantly monitor the fuel level and sensors.
- High level of efficiency. The electric heating system installed in the house can heat the building within a short time even on the coldest days. And special equipment that allows you to adjust the temperature in each room will significantly reduce material costs during the cold period.
Disadvantages of heating from an outlet
The main disadvantage of an electric heating system is considered to be impressive. In some regions, prices for this energy carrier are quite high, which makes this option unprofitable.
Such systems have another drawback. It is energy dependence. If for one reason or another there is no electricity, then heating the house becomes simply impossible.
The third disadvantage is the unstable voltage that is observed in the network, especially in rural areas. You can solve this problem by purchasing your own generator. However, this will significantly increase financial costs.
Anyone who decides to heat a house with electricity will need to take into account the power and condition of the electrical wiring. Big private house in this case it will require equipment three-phase network. It will be necessary to find out exactly the power that enters the building and the part of it that can be allocated for heating.
System type
How can you heat a house using electricity? The type of such a system can be air, water or steam. Also, heating the house is sometimes done when using heated floors.
The main characteristics of each of these systems will be discussed below. However, whichever one is chosen, it is worth remembering that its maximum efficiency can only be achieved if the house is well insulated. Owners should also pay attention to this issue.
Steam heating
Such a system is very effective, but at the same time, judging by the reviews of experts, it is very dangerous. After all, heating radiators, as well as the pipes going to them, heat up to almost one hundred degrees. This system is similar to a water system, but is more economical at the construction stage. It requires fewer radiators and also allows the use of pipes that are narrower in cross-section.
However, due to the high danger, the steam system is prohibited in apartment buildings And public buildings. As for private housing, it can be used for it. The heat source in such a system will be an electric steam boiler.
Air heating
This type of heating of residential premises is possible using various devices operating from an outlet. This heating scheme is good because the devices immediately begin to increase the air temperature in the room. There is no need for installation work. That is, the owners just need to buy the device, install it and plug it into the outlet.
To date construction market offers large number heating devices, which operate from a 220 V network. At the same time, there are devices that operate directly. There are also those available that use a circulating coolant - water, oil or antifreeze. How to choose the best for electric heating at home from all the variety? You will need to familiarize yourself with each type of such devices in more detail.
Oil radiators
When choosing the best electric heating for a private home, you should pay attention to these devices. After all, they have been known to consumers for a long time and have not yet lost their popularity.
Oil units are mobile devices (often on wheels), which operate directly from a 220 V outlet. Their efficiency is 100% due to the direct conversion of electrical energy into heat, bypassing any transmission devices. However, it is worth keeping in mind that using an oil radiator will create a comfortable temperature in only one room with a small area. This method is clearly not suitable for heating the entire house.
Electric convector
When using such a device, economical electric heating of the house can be carried out. The use of an electric convector is a fairly effective and popular way to create and maintain a comfortable temperature not only in a small room, but also in a large private house. At the same time, the device will allow you to maintain the air humidity balance at the proper level without burning oxygen.
Anyone who is asking the question “Which electric heating is best for a private home?” should consider using a convector. After all, such a device has excellent technical characteristics and a wide power range.
The basis of the convector is the heating element. This is an element with the help of which electrical energy is converted into thermal energy. The operating principle of the device is based on air convection. The cold flow passes through the slots located in the device’s body from below, and then, after heating, already heated, it exits through the upper slots.
An electric convector is a unit enclosed in a metal casing with an aesthetic appearance. This allows you to easily place the device in any interior. At the same time, some owners purchase floor convectors, but wall-mounted devices are more popular.
Air conditioner
Such a device, if it is in heating mode, can also be classified as a device for maintaining a comfortable temperature, operating from an outlet. Experts believe that such an electrical problem is that the costs incurred when operating an air conditioner are quite consistent with the heat it generates. At the same time, costs can always be reduced by adjusting the device.
However, air conditioners also have a number of disadvantages. The most important of them is their complexity maintenance. Besides, similar unit has a high initial cost. Significant investment financial costs It also requires repair in case of breakdown.
Infrared heating
Equipment of this type can be safely classified as innovative. At the same time, its installation in a residential building to maintain a comfortable temperature in it continues to confidently gain popularity. The infrared (film) system is worth paying attention to for those owners who do not yet know which electric heating is best for a private home. After all, such a system is economical in operation, although it has a high cost of equipment and installation.
The principle of operation of such heating is to transfer the heat it generates to nearby objects, the surface of which then heats the air. Infrared devices a small amount of energy is required. In addition, they are capable of performing not only zonal, but also spot heating, which eliminates irrational temperature distribution. Even after the equipment is turned off, objects heated by it retain and continue to give off heat for a long time. It is quite simple to install and dismantle such a system, which allows you to do such work yourself.
Warm floor
This heating system can be used both as a main and as an additional one. What is the principle of its operation? The heat from heating elements in the form of a single or double-core cable, built into the floor covering, begins to rise evenly, reaching the ceiling.
A significant advantage of this method is its long service life, about 80 years. In addition, heated floors are environmentally friendly and easy to maintain.
Among the disadvantages of such a system is its instability to mechanical damage. In addition, if repairs are necessary, it will not be possible to make it without dismantling it. flooring. And this will lead to additional material costs.
Application of electric boilers
Most often, in order to create a comfortable temperature in all rooms of a residential building, equipment is used in which the coolant liquid is heated. Such units are double-circuit electric boilers. They have a relatively low cost and can easily be installed by yourself. Moreover, their use allows not only to heat living spaces. With the help of electric double-circuit boilers for heating a private house, the owners also provide themselves with hot water.
Based on the heating method, such equipment is divided into three types. These are heating element, electrode, and induction electric boilers for home heating. The best of them can be selected based on the existing conditions and preferences of the owners. Let us consider each type of such equipment in more detail.
Heating elements new boilers
Such electrical equipment can be classified as traditional. IN similar devices The liquid is heated using a conventional heating element. This element, heating up, then transfers the heat it generates to water, which delivers it through a pipe system to the room radiators. This heating system is economical. It is quite easy to install. At the same time, its design includes a thermostat that maintains the set temperature. The power consumption of such equipment is regulated by turning off the selected number of heating elements. However, scale easily accumulates on the heating elements of such boilers, causing the unit to fail. How to avoid such a problem? Experts recommend using various descaling agents in such cases.
Electrode boilers
Such equipment, judging by the reviews of experts, is unique in its safety. After all, instead of heating elements, electrodes are installed in it, completely impervious to coolant leakage. If there is no water in the device, then it simply stops working. The operating principle of such equipment is based on the effect of the electrode on free ions. As a result, the water heats up. In electrode electric double-circuit boiler for heating a house is never formed limescale. But at the same time, experts warn that over time, the electrodes in it are destroyed and must be replaced. In addition, only water can act as a coolant in such a boiler. Usage antifreeze liquid prohibited.
Induction boilers
Included of this equipment includes a radiator and a pipeline through which the coolant circulates. The best electric boilers for home heating induction type may be recognized due to the absence of a heating element. The emitter located in the device produces an electromagnetic field that interacts with the metal. In this case, vortex flows are created that transfer their energy to the coolant.
The power consumption of induction for heating a house is 220V. Its advantages include ease of installation and further maintenance. In addition, such a unit does not have wearable elements, and scale formation in it is possible only in minimal quantities. Experts recommend the use of such boilers for heating large rooms using a coolant in the form of water, oil or antifreeze.
A significant disadvantage of such equipment is its impressive size and high cost. In addition, damage to the integrity of the circuit leads to such a boiler failure due to a dangerous increase in temperature.
Ecology of consumption. Manor: Is it possible? cheap heating electricity at home? When using autonomous systems, the problem of monetary costs is especially relevant. When building a house, the issue of financial feasibility of using electrical systems heating in comparison with other types of heating devices. Let's look into this issue.
Is it possible to heat a house cheaply with electricity? When using autonomous systems, the problem of monetary costs is especially relevant. When building a house, the issue of financial feasibility of using electric heating systems in comparison with other types of heating devices is hotly debated. Let's look into this issue.
Expensive heating with direct heating systems
Heating systems using electrical energy are divided into two main groups according to the principle of operation - direct and indirect heating. The first include devices that, using heating elements, directly raise the air temperature in the premises.
Direct heating systems include:
- convectors;
- warm floor;
- oil radiators;
- infrared panels.
In most cases, electric heaters with direct operation consume a large amount of energy, which does not allow them to be classified as economical heating devices. The only exception is infrared panels, however, their installation and operation are associated with a number of stringent requirements, including safety issues, which significantly limit the possibility of using these devices.
The advantage of direct type heaters, in addition to their low price, is the absence of the need to install a boiler, heating system pipelines and radiators.
The advantages of heaters include the possibility of flexible temperature control in different rooms, and autonomous connection of such systems to the power grid. However, given the high cost of operation, the advantages of these devices are offset when it comes to the need for constant heating of the home.
Advantages and cost of boiler heating
Indirect heating systems increase the temperature of the coolant (in most cases, water plays its role). The air is heated by the components of the battery radiators. To put it simply, the system is an electric boiler through which coolant is passed, which then flows through pipelines into the heating radiators. By the way, you can replace any other boiler with an electric one - gas, coal, or running on liquid fuel.
Installing an indirect heating system is the cheapest option for heating a home using electricity. The most economical, but the most expensive at present, are induction boilers, in which heating occurs using electromagnetic waves.
In addition to such systems, there are other options - boilers with electrodes or a tubular electric heater (TEH). Heating devices equipped with heating elements consume more electrical energy than all the mentioned types of boilers. At the same time, boilers with heating elements are much cheaper.
The advantages of boilers, in addition to low cost of operation, include such qualities as small dimensions and simple installation, provided there is an existing heating piping system in the house. In addition, the boilers are environmentally safe and operate absolutely silently.
Let's consider the consumption indicator of heating boilers. So, for one residential building with an area of about one hundred square meters in heating season the level of heat consumption is 10 kWh, the production of which accounts for 10.3 kWh of electrical energy (the efficiency of boilers is approaching one hundred percent). If the boiler operates continuously, then the daily electricity consumption will be about 247 kilowatts, which is equivalent to 7410 kilowatts per month.
In fact, the boiler’s operating mode is not continuous - after the coolant heats up to a certain temperature, the device turns off and energy consumption stops. On average, for every hour of boiler operation there is an hour of downtime. Consequently, energy costs per month will be half as much as calculated - that is, 3700 kilowatts.
The average electricity tariff in Russia now fluctuates around 4.5 rubles per 1 kWh. Thus, the monthly costs for boiler heating houses with an area of 100 square meters will cost 16.5 thousand rubles, but they can be much larger or smaller, depending on the specific region.
How to make heating your home with electricity cheaper
To achieve savings when using electric home heating systems, there are different ways, however, they all boil down to one thing - reducing the amount of heat generated. First of all, this result can be achieved by eliminating heat losses in the house.
It is necessary to eliminate gaps, cracks, and thermally insulate the room using insulation. Metal-plastic windows and doors and laying heat-insulating material on the walls of balconies and loggias are guaranteed to help reduce heat losses.
An important factor in saving thermal energy is right choice heating format. For example, if a house or apartment is well insulated and the number of rooms is small, then the use of boilers will be justified, since the energy costs for heating the coolant in this case will be small. If we are talking about a house with a large number premises, including non-residential ones, then their heating can be carried out partially “idle”.
In the case of a large number of premises, it would be more appropriate to use combined scheme heating. For example, an infrared heater installed in a bathroom can quickly heat the room, so it can be turned off when the room is not actively used.
As for the kitchen, it would be logical to use a combined scheme that provides two heat sources - an infrared panel and a convector. When the owners are not at home, the convector can operate at minimum power. If it is necessary to quickly heat the room, the infrared panel turns on and the air temperature quickly rises.
The flexibility of electric heating systems allows you to create different heating “profiles” using automation of changes temperature regime. In the absence of the owners of the house, the temperature is reduced to acceptable minimums - this allows you to minimize “idle” energy costs.
An hour before the owners return to the apartment, the controller automatically starts heating the rooms and, thus, creates a comfortable temperature for the residents. When setting up the “smart” heating mode, both the power and the location of specific heating points are taken into account.
Obviously, the cheapest heating scheme is to connect to centralized system. However, you need to consider all possible options autonomous heating both in terms of efficiency and ease of use, and the cost of purchasing, installing and operating equipment. published
If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to the experts and readers of our project.
Year-round comfortable living conditions cannot be ensured if you do not take care of home heating. Home owners are experimenting with various systems, selecting equipment from optimal parameters, study what goes into heating country house, options and prices. IN lately Electric heating is gaining popularity, the most economical, without a boiler.
The general availability of such a system is due to the widespread use of electrical networks and the popularity of differentiated payment for electricity. An installed special electricity meter will allow you to competently manage the available resource.
Variety of electrical systems
The most economical electric heating for a private home is selected based on the options for its operation, as well as the cost of materials and consumables.
Warm electric floors - price from 800 rub./sq.m.
You can install such an economical heating system for a private home yourself. This approach will significantly reduce the cost of the result. Heaters in this situation are materials such as electric mats, heating cables, as well as infrared heat emitters. Some of them can be laid even without pouring concrete screed on top of the heater. If installation is carried out at the stage of building a house, then this approach will significantly reduce the cost of installing heaters. By applying the settings, optimal output parameters are set, which will increase the efficiency of the system and extend the service life of the economical electric heating of a private home.
When installing electric heated floors (cable, mats or infrared), special attention must be paid to thermal insulation to prevent heat loss.
For heating mats and infrared heaters, foil heat-reflecting insulation is used, for cable heaters - with a metallized backing. It is prohibited to use foil coverings in the cable system, as this will lead to a short circuit.
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Heating boilers - price from 27,000 rubles.
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Don't write them off completely. They can operate using electric heating systems. With their help, you can use hot water supply, since many of the models operate on the dual-circuit principle. Economical heating of a private house can be achieved with them due to a high degree of reliability, increased productivity and efficiency. In addition, manufacturers care about their efficiency. This indicator in some premium brands it is already at an acceptable level. Calculations for power requirements are preliminarily performed. This way you can determine the required amount that will need to be spent on the boiler. In addition, the total cost of the piping includes pipes, pump, etc.
Heat pumps - from €1000
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When determining by price which electric heating is the most economical without a boiler, you should pay attention to the use of heat pumps. They consume a small amount of electricity, and use air, water or soil for heat exchange (the option depends on the model of the device). Savings compared to gas appliances up to 50%. Due to the operation of such a pump, it is possible to convert 1 kW of electrical energy into 3-4 kW of thermal energy.
VIDEO: Heat pump in the house
The process occurs due to heat exchange with the selected medium. There is a special refrigerant inside the pump, which extracts heat to a set temperature of -15/-20 0 C. When the air in the room warms up to 25 0 C, such pumps can automatically switch to air conditioning mode.
Today it is the most progressive and economical source of heating a home, in which natural energy converted to heat. At the same time, this is also the most expensive installation method. If you count the cost of installation and piping and the power of the equipment, such an installation can pay for itself only in 5-7 years. Taking into account that. that people live in houses, as a rule, much longer, this method has a right to exist.
Electric convectors and radiators - from 2500 rubles.
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These devices are positioned as economical heating for private homes. Their design is based on the principle of natural circulation. warm currents air. A special heater is mounted inside them, which ensures operation of the device at a low output temperature. Its operation is regulated using a reliable electronic thermostat.
Used in most cases as an auxiliary or temporary device that is not able to compensate for the lack of heat in spacious houses
Infrared heating systems - from 2000 rubles.
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Systems that use infrared heating in their design continue to win their fans. Electricity is also used to operate them. The advantage of such systems is fast heating and relatively low energy consumption. The principle of operation is identical to the sun's rays, when not the air is heated, but everything solids, located in the radiation path. This creates comfortable conditions in the room, and the air does not dry out. Such heaters operate without a boiler and can remain in working condition for a long time. The maximum temperature value is fixed at the closest distance from the IR heater. The further you move from it, the cooler it becomes.
The disadvantage of some models is the relatively high power of the devices.
Auxiliary procedures
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Before you save on heating, you need to take additional measures to increase the temperature in the room. These include various methods of insulating a building. It is never too late to carry out work, therefore it is possible to protect the house from the effects of negative external factors both at the construction stage and after its operation for a period of time. long period. According to statistics, a house that is not properly insulated loses up to 70% of thermal energy. Just think about it, 70% of the heat goes outside, but you pay for it, and mostly a considerable amount.
Thermal insulation work is carried out in the following areas:
- foundation;
- walls inside and outside;
- roof and attic area;
- floors and ceilings;
- door and window openings.
Reliable thermal insulation will significantly reduce the consumption of electricity used for heating, and also ensure the durability of the structure. At the same time, it will be possible to increase the sound insulation of the premises. It is advisable to use proven material from well-known brands, which guarantee performance characteristics for several decades.
The use of automation in process management, in addition to freeing the homeowner from constant presence near heating systems, will allow rational management of resources during the day. The devices will be able to set the selected algorithm according to which it is planned to turn on/off the heating or maintain it at a given value.
Quality devices must record the temperature parameter with high degree accuracy.
Particularly relevant is the function that ensures maintaining a low temperature value, for example, at a level of +17 0 C. This allows you not to overheat the room, not to dry out the air and not to overuse electricity. This mode is set during workdays when no one is in the house.
In heating options for a country house, where price is not decisive, a special device is used - a programmer. Such a sensor with automatic system cares about economical consumption. It maintains the set temperature value, switching between operating modes in a timely manner. In addition to hardware control, it supports manual mode for dialing and resetting parameters.
VIDEO: Another one original way heating a house without gas and electricity