(Ranunculus acris) - herbaceous plant, one of the species of the genus Buttercup of the Ranunculaceae family ( Ranunculaceae). Belongs to the Dicotyledonous Class. Buttercup has many popular names: stinging herb, gout herb, butter flower. This plant is distributed throughout the world, with the exception of the Far North. Most often it can be found in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Acrid buttercup - unpretentious plant, prefers damp and bright places for growth. Grows as a ruderal plant, weeding vegetable and fodder crops, perennial herbs.
Acrid buttercup description
Acrid buttercup is a poisonous perennial plant that has a short root from which erect stems are formed. The stems grow up to 100 cm in height, the stem is branched, empty inside, and covered with appressed hairs along its entire length. The flowers are bright yellow, solitary, located at the tops of the stems. Five sepals, a large number of stamens and pistils. Blooms from May. The fruits are presented in the form of a dark brown nut, obovate in shape. The first seedlings and shoots appear from the nuts early spring. Shoots appear from a depth of up to 2 cm; freshly ripened seeds have a low level of germination.
When fresh, buttercup is very poisonous and poses a great danger to grazing livestock. The plant loses all toxic properties after drying.
Acrid buttercup control measures
In the fight against caustic buttercup, periodic mowing in places of accumulation, that is, in meadows and pastures, will help. When the root collar is trimmed, the weeds no longer grow back, so timely and high-quality tillage is very effective in destroying the poisonous plant. Also, caustic buttercup in the early stages of development is sensitive to the herbicides 2,4-D and 2M-4X in normal doses.
Buttercup caustic application
Buttercup has healing properties. Thanks to protoanemonin, which is the active substance, buttercup has an irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes. Buttercup is rich in vitamin C, tannins, asparagine, and asponine. These beneficial substances are found not only in caustic buttercup, but also in all other types of this plant.
In traditional medicine, ranunculus is not used. This plant in small doses stimulates the central nervous system, increases hemoglobin and increases the number of red blood cells. Preparations based on ranunculus have an antimicrobial effect; all types of staphylococci and the intestinal tract are sensitive to it. The presence of carotene in the plant has a beneficial effect in the treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis. Acrid buttercup copes well with rashes, even purulent wounds are cured. Veterinarians use buttercup decoction to treat advanced purulent wounds in animals. Also, based on buttercup, special toxic substances have been developed to kill harmful insects.
As already mentioned at the beginning of the article, fresh buttercup is very poisonous. Medicines from buttercup must be used with extreme caution. If protoanemonin gets on the skin, a 1st or 2nd degree burn can form and causes severe irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes, and larynx. If the grass gets inside, it will lead to irritation of the intestines and stomach, which will cause diarrhea and colic. In case of poisoning, you need to do a gastric lavage and take activated carbon.
Be careful, before consuming and using caustic buttercup, you must consult a doctor. The plant is poisonous.
Buttercup photo
Buttercup Ranunculus acris 
Buttercup Ranunculus acris 
Ranunculus acris seeds Thank you
For your tender beauty buttercups have become an integral part of songs, poems and legends, and this despite the far from gentle name that the flower received for its poisonousness and blister effect. Only they decided not to call this plant “fierce”, using the affectionate form “buttercup”. The healing properties of this plant, its types, medicinal properties and applications will be discussed in this article.
Description of the buttercup plant (Ranunculus)
Buttercup is a perennial or annual plant, belonging to the Buttercup family.Buttercup in popular literature is called “ranunculus” (a transliteration of the Latin name “ranunculus” is used, which means “little frog” in Latin). The fact is that wild buttercups, like frogs, prefer wet and swampy “habitat”, which should be quite sunny and warm.
In Rus', this plant was given the name “buttercup” for its blister effect.
What does a buttercup look like?
Buttercup is a rhizomatous or root-tuberous plant with erect, ascending or prostrate stems, which often take root at the nodes.The buttercup stem reaches a height of 20 cm to 1 m.
The leaves of the plant can be whole, spade-shaped, palmate or pinnately divided, and they are arranged in an alternate order. The petals have a honey pit at the base (sometimes bare or covered with small scales). The lower stem leaves, as well as the basal leaves, reach 5–6 cm in length and about 5 cm in width.
Ranunculus flowers are single or collected in an inflorescence. The diameter of the flowers is 1 – 2 cm.
The fruit of the flower is a multi-nut, in which bare or hairy seeds are formed, which can be either flat or convex.
What color are buttercups?
The color range of buttercups is very diverse. This flower can be yellow, white, pink, red, lilac and blue.Where does it grow?
Buttercup grows almost throughout Europe, the Caucasus and Western Siberia, Asia, the Alps, and the Pyrenees, but most often this plant can be found in the wild in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.In Russia, buttercup is common in the European part of the country (with the exception of the Far North, as well as the south).
This beautiful flower prefers forest and floodplain meadows, sparse forests, banks of streams and rivers, edges of swamps.
Types of buttercup
About 600 species of buttercups are known, distributed throughout the world, while many varieties have medicinal properties, due to which they are used in folk medicine.IN medical purposes The following types of buttercup are used:
- caustic (or night blindness);
- poisonous;
- creeping;
- burning;
- multi-flowered;
- field;
- aquatic (or swamp).
Buttercup (night blindness)
Acrid buttercup (or Ranunculus acris) reaches a height of 30–100 cm. The stem of this type of buttercup is erect and covered with pressed hairs, while the stem begins to branch upward. The rhizome of the caustic buttercup is short, numerous roots extend from it, which are collected in a bunch.
Bright golden-yellow flowers of regular shape are located at the ends of the branches. The leaves of caustic buttercup can have different shapes.
The plant received its second name, “night blindness,” because the substance protoanemonin, which is part of the plant, irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, causing severe pain, lacrimation, and temporary blindness (they say that chickens that ate buttercup grass , blind).
Application in medicine
For medicinal purposes, the herb caustic buttercup is used, which contains a large number of biologically active substances, including protoanemonin, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides.
Effects of buttercup acrid preparations:
- Neutralization of germs and bacteria.
- Stimulation of the central nervous system.
- Increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood.
- Relieving inflammation.
- Strengthening the immune system.
- Stimulates metabolism.
- Stop bleeding.
- skin diseases;
- gout;
- neuralgia;
- skin tuberculosis;
- burns;
- boils;
- rheumatism;
- headaches;
- eczema;
- malaria;
- arthritis;
- fever;
- liver diseases;
- colds;
- ascites;
- lymph nodes;
- internal bleeding;
- warts;
- lipomas;
- scurvy;
- impetigo;
- hidradenitis;
- spleen compaction;
- menstrual irregularities;
- Staphylococcus aureus.
Poisonous buttercup
This type of buttercup, whose official name is Ranunculus sceleratu, is an annual or biennial plant with a straight, hollow and branched stem, the height of which can vary between 10 - 70 cm. The leaves of the poisonous buttercup are shiny and slightly fleshy.
The light yellow flowers of the plant are no different large sizes(so, their diameter is 7 - 10 mm).
Interesting fact! Poisonous buttercup seeds are protected by the seed coat from excessive moisture(in other words, from getting wet), while under the epidermis there are large air-bearing suberized cells, thanks to which the seed does not sink in water.
Application in medicine
Because of high degree The toxicity of the plant is mainly used externally. For example, plant juice diluted with water is used to treat skin areas affected by a disease such as scabies. In addition, inflamed eyes or festering wounds are washed with non-concentrated poisonous buttercup juice.
Crushed fresh leaves of the plant are applied to warts, which promotes their rapid removal.
Fresh crushed Ranunculus herb can be used as an adhesive plaster, to create artificial abscesses or blisters, and as an effective pain reliever and distraction agent.
A water infusion of the herb will also help with rheumatism, for which it is enough to steam your feet in it.
Internal decoctions and infusions of poisonous buttercup are taken for the following diseases:
- diseases of the female genital organs;
Creeping buttercup
Ranunculus repens (or creeping buttercup), like the two species described above, is widespread in Russia, and is very poisonous. This perennial type of buttercup, rarely exceeding 40 cm in height, has an ascending or creeping stem, which often takes root (the stem can be either bare or pubescent in places).
The plant is crowned with a golden-yellow, shiny flower that opens between May and August.
Creeping buttercup prefers moist, shaded, alluvial soils, so it can often be found on river and lake banks, forest swamps, along fields and roads.
Application in medicine
In therapeutic doses, creeping buttercup has analgesic, antimicrobial, wound-healing, and tonic properties.
For diseases such as rheumatism, scrofula and scabies, creeping buttercup grass is applied to the affected areas (tumors and abscesses). The stem of the plant is used to resolve or accelerate the maturation of abscesses.
For fungal infections skin The above-ground part of the plant is used as a wash or compress.
Fresh buttercup grass is used externally in the treatment of the following pathologies:
- myositis;
- rheumatic pains;
- scrofula.
Creeping buttercup flowers are used in the treatment of malaria, for which they are crushed (or mashed) 8 – 10 hours before an attack. fresh flowers The plants are applied to the wrists (on the area where the pulse can be felt), which will help soften or stop the attack.
Important! When using buttercup as an external remedy, long-term exposure to the skin should be avoided, since this plant has a strong irritating effect on the skin (in some cases, this action can provoke tissue necrosis and ulceration of the skin).
Banewort
Buttercup (or Ranunculus flammula) has a low, erect or ascending stem (about 20 - 50 cm). The basal leaves of the plant are long-petiolate, and they are noticeably wider than the upper ones. But the upper leaves of this type of buttercup are sessile.
Single light yellow flowers are quite small (no more than 12 mm in diameter). The fruit of the plant is an ovoid single-seeded leaflet.
Burning buttercup grows on damp soils, mainly near water bodies.
Application in medicine
For medicinal purposes, the herb of the plant containing gamma-lactones and coumarins is used.
So, the juice of the aerial part of the pungent buttercup is diluted with water (2-3 drops of juice for half a glass of water) and taken for scurvy.
An infusion of this type of buttercup herb is used in folk medicine for cancer. To prepare the infusion, one tablespoon of well-chopped fresh ranunculus herb is poured into a liter of boiling water and infused for one hour, after which the infusion is filtered and consumed one tablespoon no more than four times a day.
Buttercup multiflorum
Ranunculus polyanthemus (or multi-flowered buttercup) has a tall (up to 60 - 80 cm) erect and pubescent stem (leaf petioles also have pubescence). The leaves of Ranunculus multiflora have wedge-shaped or linear lobes. Bright yellow flowers, the diameter of which does not exceed 3 cm, open in the first half of June, while flowering ends in late July - early August.
This type of buttercup is found wild in meadows and forests.
Application in medicine
The stems, leaves and flowers of the plant containing protoanemonin, vitamin C, carotene and flavonoids are used for medicinal purposes.
Preparations based on buttercup multiflorum, which have tonic, analgesic, antimicrobial and wound healing effects, used for:
- pain syndrome of various etiologies (stomach, headaches, neuralgic pain);
- rheumatism;
- gout;
- abscesses;
- wounds;
- boils;
- malaria;
Buttercup
Field buttercup (official name Ranunculus arvensis) prefers moderately acidic, poorly aerated, marshy and carbonate, loamy soils. This type of buttercup has yellow or golden single apical flowers and deeply dissected leaves.
The erect and branched (almost naked) stem reaches a height of 60 cm.
Field buttercup is most often found in hayfields or pastures.
Preparations based on buttercup have a tonic and mild laxative effect. Thus, the skin of the roots of the plant and the seeds are used to relieve heat and tonify the body. The aerial part of the plant is used for radiculitis, pustular skin rashes and furunculosis.
Field buttercup tubers are used in the production of food additives.
Water buttercup (swamp)
Water buttercup (also called marsh buttercup, while the official name of this plant is Ranunculus aquatica) is a light green perennial plant with a thin and bare stem, as well as small white and yellow flowers that rise above the surface of the water. Marsh buttercup can grow at depths ranging from 20 cm to 2 m.
The length of the leaves is 3–4 cm, while the peduncle of the plant is not much longer than the leaves.
Water ranunculus flowers are 8 – 12 mm in diameter.
The easily falling petals of the plant are almost twice as long as the sepals. The fruits are grayish in color and slightly bristly at the top.
This plant, which has small white flowers and underwater leaves, dissected into thin thread-like lobes, is common in the shallow coastal zone of the countries of the East, in Siberia, Europe, America and Africa. Water buttercup grows in stagnant and, most importantly, slowly flowing bodies of water (in some cases, water buttercup can be found near the shores, in sedge forests, as well as on waterlogged and muddy soil).
The stems and leaves of the plant containing saponins and protoanemonin are used for medicinal purposes.
To prepare a decoction of buttercup water, one tablespoon of the leaves of the plant should be poured with a glass of water. The product is boiled for three minutes, infused for an hour, filtered and taken 1 - 2 tbsp. three times a day. This decoction is used as a stimulant to the functions of the genital organs.
Important! Buttercup, which has an irritating effect on the digestive tract when taken orally, is recommended to be used as a topical drug and only under the supervision of a doctor.
Important! All of the listed plant species have an almost identical set of useful substances, and therefore can be used in medicine on an equal basis.
Collection and preparation of buttercups
The medicinal raw material of buttercup is aboveground part plant, which can be used both fresh and dried.The plant is harvested during the period of fruit formation, but the flowers must still be present on the stem.
When collecting raw materials, it is better not to tear off, but to carefully cut off the stem of the plant, while it is important that the root, which is practically not used in medicine, remains in the ground (and people will benefit from the plant, and after a certain time the buttercup will be able to delight again with its beauty and healing properties).
The collected flowers, stems and leaves are thoroughly washed, after which they are sent to the attic to dry (the raw materials can also be dried in outdoors, but always under a canopy, because when dried under the sun, all the beneficial substances of the buttercup will evaporate).
Important! Buttercup very much irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, larynx, as well as internal organs, as a result of which redness, burns and blisters form on the skin when it comes into contact with the above-ground part of the plant. Therefore, it is recommended to collect buttercup grass (especially caustic) in closed clothing and thick gloves.
When do buttercups bloom?
Buttercups bloom from mid-April until July (it all depends on the type of buttercup). The exception is the water ranunculus, which blooms from June to October.How to store?
Dried raw materials are stored in paper bags in a dark place for no more than a year. Fresh raw materials must be used immediately after collection.Composition and properties of buttercup
ProtoanemoninIt is a volatile poison with a pungent odor and burning taste.
In small doses, this substance stimulates the functions of the central nervous system, activates elements of the reticuloendothelial system, neutralizes microbes and increases the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood.
Coumarins
Action:
- preventing blood clotting;
- inhibition of tumor cell development;
- accelerating the wound healing process;
- toning the body and saturating it with vitamins P;
- prevention of blood clots.
Action:
- slow heart rate;
- normalization of cardiac activity;
- increased systole and prolonged diastole;
- decreased blood pressure;
- normalization of blood circulation.
Action:
- promoting the removal of phlegm;
- relieving fever;
- increased excretion of bile;
- lowering blood pressure.
This class of substances, forming a biological film, protects the tissues and cells of the body from adverse effects (we are talking about chemical, bacterial, and mechanical effects). Tannins also strengthen blood vessels and significantly constrict blood vessels.
Alkaloids
Action:
- helping to stop bleeding;
- pain relief;
- normalization of the central nervous system;
- strengthening blood vessels;
- preventing the growth of tumors;
- pressure reduction;
- decrease in body temperature.
Action:
- normalization of redox processes;
- inhibition of enzymes that destroy hyaluronic acid, which is responsible for the normal formation of cartilage tissue;
- strengthening the walls of blood vessels and increasing their elasticity;
- prevention of sclerotic lesions of capillaries;
- removal of free radicals.
Action: - normalization of central nervous system functions;
- stimulation of the endocrine glands;
- promoting the absorption of such an essential element as iron;
- normalization of the hematopoietic process;
- removal from the body of harmful compounds that provoke the development of malignant tumors.
Carotene
Action:
- reducing the risk of developing cancer;
- regulation of the protein synthesis process;
- strengthening bones and teeth and promoting their formation;
- normalization of metabolism;
- prevention of the process of premature aging.
Action:
- decreased vascular tone;
- increased hemoglobin content;
- increased removal of stones;
- binding and subsequent removal of radionuclides.
Action:
- rejuvenation of body tissues and cells;
- elimination of foci of inflammation;
- regulation and normalization of metabolism;
- neutralization of the effects of carcinogens.
Properties of buttercup
- Antimicrobial.
- Wound healing.
- Tonic.
- Painkiller.
- Laxative.
- Fungistatic (manifested by the fact that it helps to delay and also stop the growth of fungi).
- Antipyretic.
- Sweatshop.
- Oncoprotective.
- Bactericidal.
Treatment using buttercup
Ranunculus flowers
Preparations from ranunculus flowers stimulate the activity of the nervous system, increase the concentration of red blood cells, as well as hemoglobin. In addition, decoctions and infusions from this part of the plant have a pronounced antimicrobial effect; they resist staphylococcus and E. coli. Often, such preparations are used as an insecticide (a chemical preparation intended to kill harmful insects: for example, a decoction of the plant will help disinfect things from bedbugs).Pounded flowers of buttercup and creeping buttercup are used in folk medicine instead of mustard plasters and blister plaster. Flowers also help with aches in the lower extremities, for which it is enough to rub the sore joints with fresh crushed flowers.
The flowers of the plant are used as a remedy for malaria.
Root and tubers
Powder from the roots and tubers of buttercup is used to treat malignant ulcers and remove warts. From the root of the plant, folk healers have long prepared vaginal suppositories that promote pregnancy (self-medication for infertility can have negative consequences, so before using folk remedies based on buttercup, you should consult a doctor).Seeds
Quite little is known about the healing effects of buttercup seeds on the body: for example, there are references to the use of decoctions from the seeds of this plant for colds, which has a basis, since buttercups have antipyretic and tonic properties.Leaves (grass)
Traditional medicine widely uses fresh buttercup leaves as an effective blister and pain reliever, indicated in the treatment of ulcers, boils, rheumatism, scrofula, and myositis. Thus, buttercup grass is used as a blister plaster for old carbuncles that do not open for a long time. An infusion of fresh leaves is used in small quantities to treat headaches and stomach aches.Fresh leaves of the plant in crushed form are applied to the places where tumors and sprains appear.
Buttercup is rightfully considered the first assistant in removing warts and treating fungal diseases. A decoction from this part of the plant is indicated for washing skin areas affected by scabies mites.
A gruel from the fresh herb of the plant, mixed with vinegar, helped to cure or reduce the manifestation of diseases such as leprosy, eczema, fox disease (we are talking about hair loss), for which it was enough to treat the affected areas of the skin with such a mixture.
Although buttercup is not used in traditional medicine, recent research suggests that this plant is effective against skin tuberculosis.
It should be remembered that buttercup is a poisonous plant, so all its parts should be taken with extreme caution and only after consultation with a doctor, who, if necessary, will determine the exact dosage.
Use of buttercup in medicine
Ranunculus is used in both traditional and folk medicine in eastern, northern and central European countries. Thus, infusions and decoctions of dried raw materials are used in the treatment of salt deposits and all kinds of inflammation on the skin.
The herb of the plant is used as an effective painkiller for neurological, headache, stomach and rheumatic pain.
Buttercup has found application in the treatment of colds, cancer and infectious diseases, including influenza, gout, ascites, cystitis, pancreatic cancer.
A decoction of flowers, taken in small quantities, will help cope with liver and stomach diseases, as well as hydrophobia.
Fresh buttercup herb is widely used in homeopathy to treat skin diseases, gout and neuralgia.
Infusion
An infusion of buttercup herb is taken as an internal or external remedy for skin diseases, colds, and the treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds.To prepare the infusion, 0.5 tbsp. dried herbs are placed in a thermos and brewed with 500 ml of boiling water. The product, infused for half an hour, is filtered, after which it is used to wash wounds. When taken internally, the dosage of this infusion is 1 tbsp. three times a day. You can rinse the inflamed mucous membrane of the throat with the same remedy several times a day.
Tincture
Buttercup extract has strong bactericidal, restorative and rejuvenating properties, due to which it is used for muscle pain, diseases of the throat and oral cavity. In addition, you can rinse your hair with buttercup tincture, which will strengthen the hair follicle and give your hair a healthy look.50 buttercup flowers are poured with 500 ml of alcohol, after which the product is mixed well and infused for three weeks. The filtered tincture is used externally as a rub. Internal use of the tincture is contraindicated!
Buttercup ointment
An ointment prepared from buttercup flowers and pork fat in a ratio of 1:4 is used as an external remedy for colds and viral diseases, and for inflammation of the lymph nodes. So, the chest and throat are rubbed with ointment (these areas of the body are wrapped in a woolen scarf and left overnight). This treatment is carried out daily until the disease is completely cured.Buttercup juice
Cotton wool moistened with buttercup juice is applied to the sore teeth. Also, weak buttercup juice is used for developing cataracts (it is enough to moisten the eyes with the juice several times a day).Important! Highly concentrated juice from buttercup leaves can cause burns to the skin and mucous membranes.
Ranunculus unifoliate: application - video
Buttercup is a poisonous plant
Buttercup is a very poisonous plant, which in ancient times was used to prepare all kinds of poisons. For this reason, buttercup preparations should be used only after medical consultation, adhering to the recommended dosage.Failure to comply with these rules can lead to severe poisoning, the main symptoms of which are:
- sharp pain in the gastrointestinal tract (up to the development of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis); pain in the eyes, abdominal pain and late severe diarrhea. It should be noted that damage to the digestive tract can be supplemented by nervous phenomena, namely convulsions, rapid rotational eye movements, partial or complete impairment of consciousness, as well as loss of the ability to stand. Often, the death of animals that have consumed buttercup grass occurs 30 to 50 minutes after the first symptoms of poisoning.
Recipes with buttercup
Remedy for heel spurs
The herb is brewed with boiling water and boiled for 10 minutes, after which the contents are poured into a basin in which the legs are steamed until the water cools completely.Infusion for skin tuberculosis
3 tbsp. herbs are poured with 400 ml of boiling water and infused for three hours. The warm infusion is used externally in the form of lotions or compresses.Tincture for umbilical hernia
Pour a handful of buttercup flowers into 500 ml of vodka and leave for at least three days. Take a tablespoon of tincture before meals. This infusion promotes the regeneration of skin cells and has a bactericidal effect.Tincture for gout and rheumatism
10 g of fresh buttercup flowers are poured into 100 ml of vodka and left to infuse for a month in a dark place. The strained tincture is used to rub sore spots.Decoction for liver diseases
1 tsp buttercup herb is poured with two glasses of boiling water, after which the product is left for 15 minutes water bath. The strained broth is drunk 1.5 tsp. three times a day.Vinegar tincture for pancreatic pain
The glass is half filled with chopped buttercup grass, which is poured with 2.5 glasses of 9 percent vinegar. The remedy is infused for one day. Take the tincture for severe pain, starting with one drop, which dissolves with water in a ratio of 1:10, with every subsequent half hour the dose is doubled until it is 32 drops. Before use, you should consult a specialist.
Buttercups are a large family of perennial or annual herbaceous plants. In total, the genus Ranunculus (lat. Ranunculus) has about 600 species growing in temperate climate Northern Hemisphere; There are just over 100 species in Russia. Some types of buttercups are bred for decorative purposes. Not all types of buttercups are safe for humans and animals. The name of the flower itself comes from the word “fierce”. The answer to the question: “Is buttercup poisonous or not?” - depends on what type of it is in front of you. The most common types of buttercups that have a toxic effect are: caustic, poisonous, burning (pimple), large, field. And these types of buttercup: creeping, clear or golden - are completely harmless.
Let us consider in detail the description of acrid buttercup and poisonous buttercup as the most characteristic representatives their family - how they act on humans, where they are used, symptoms of poisoning by them, first aid.
Description of buttercup
All buttercups are small herbaceous plants with small yellow, less often white, five-petaled flowers.
Acrid buttercup (night blindness, meadow dawn, goat, pearl). This type of buttercup is found more often than others. A perennial plant with a straight branched stem, the height of which is from 30 to 100 cm. The lower leaves are serrated-separate, five-lobed, with long petioles. The upper leaves are tripartite, almost sessile on the stem. Flowers on long stalks, up to 2 cm in diameter, golden yellow, consist of five petals.
The flowering period occurs in late spring and summer. The fruits are round achenes of a brownish color, slightly compressed from the sides. The rhizome of the plant is short, with numerous roots. Acrid buttercup reproduces by seeds, from which a rosette of leaves grows in the first year. Subsequently, in winter, the aboveground part of the plant dies off, and in the spring a new shoot grows from the rhizome.
The plant is found in the European part of our country and in Siberia. Where does buttercup grow? It is a weed that grows in meadows and pastures. It can also be found in clearings in forests.
Description of poisonous buttercup
People call it differently: scabby grass, fever grass, aishak, abscess, bishak, criminal buttercup. This type of buttercup grows in the European part of Russia, the Far East, Siberia, and the republics of Central Asia. Like most other species of this family, Latin name which - frog - indicates a frequent proximity to frogs, poisonous buttercup prefers moist, fertile soils.
It can be found in damp, wetlands, along the banks of ponds and ditches. Unlike the caustic buttercup, the poisonous buttercup is an annual or biennial plant with a height of 20 to 45 cm, the stem is hollow and branched. The leaves are fleshy, shiny, three to five-parted. The flowers are small (7–10 mm in diameter), light yellow, and when ripe they form a fruit - a cylindrical head. The time of year when poisonous buttercup blooms is in late spring and summer.
Where are buttercups used?
Raw materials from buttercup grass are not officially prepared in Russia. Nevertheless, caustic buttercup, although it is a poisonous plant, is used externally in folk medicine as a cauterizing and bactericidal agent for skin diseases such as purulent wounds, abrasions, warts, and fungal diseases. Lotions from fresh herbs and juice help with various inflammatory diseases - rheumatism, radiculitis, arthritis, gout and osteochondrosis.
Poisonous buttercup is used as a disinfectant for skin diseases. The diluted juice of a fresh plant can get rid of scabies mites, fungal and furunculous lesions.
When dried, the poisonous protoanemonin is destroyed and others come to the fore. chemical compounds contained in buttercup herb: cardiac glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, vitamin C, coumarins. Dried plants are used to prepare infusions and decoctions. With their help, various diseases are treated:
- women's diseases;
- enterocolitis;
- pneumonia;
- swelling and dropsy;
- bronchial asthma;
- pleurisy;
- weakness and dizziness.
All buttercups are given their poisonous properties by a substance from the group of lactones called protoanemonin. It is found in all parts of the plant. Species variations in the content of this toxin have been poorly studied. Poisoning by the most common types of buttercups, as well as by caustic buttercup when used incorrectly as a traditional medicine, is of practical importance.
Buttercup poisoning
Buttercup poisoning of people is possible only if they violate the ban on taking folk remedies based on this drug internally. Animals are poisoned by buttercups more often, but deaths, as a rule, do not occur. The toxin that causes poisoning is a volatile oily liquid with a sharp, unpleasant taste and odor. When the herb is dried, it decomposes and becomes harmless. Therefore, poisoning of livestock is possible only in some cases - feeding hungry animals, harvesting green grass in swampy places, if buttercups are mixed with other herbs and are difficult to separate when eaten. Animals usually experience a chronic form of intoxication.
The toxin protoanemonin is highly irritating. When ingested, it causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract. Inhalation of protoanemonin vapor leads to watery eyes, sore eyes, spasms in the throat, coughing and nasal discharge.
Signs of poisoning
Symptoms of poisoning by poisonous buttercup and other species of this plant will be the same, since they all contain the same active substance. If the plant juice gets on the skin, the following symptoms occur:
- redness;
- swelling;
- inflammation in the form of blisters (urticaria);
- sometimes boils.
When plant juice gets on the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose, as well as when toxin vapors are inhaled (for example, in a freshly picked bouquet of wildflowers), the following develops:
- cough;
- spasms of the larynx;
- runny nose.
Severe damage to the mucous membranes of the eyes causes pain and can lead to temporary loss of vision (hence popular name buttercup - night blindness).
If the toxin enters the digestive tract, the following symptoms will occur:
- stomach pain;
- nausea;
- vomit;
- salivation;
- diarrhea;
- change in heart rate.
hand trembling
When significant doses of toxin enter the human body, signs of damage to the central nervous system appear:
- muscle tremors;
- convulsions;
- disturbance of consciousness.
Buttercup poisoning in animals has been studied in more detail. Most often, cows and small cattle suffer from the consequences of eating poisonous grass, and less often, horses and rabbits. Signs of livestock poisoning by buttercups:
- refusal of food;
- lack of chewing gum;
- stomach ache;
- salivation;
- severe anxiety.
Then diarrhea develops, the amount of urine produced increases, blood appears in it, and urination is painful. Trembling, convulsions, and rotational movements of the eyeballs appear. The animal falls and develops severe weakness. Death occurs from a sharp decline in cardiac activity. It should be noted here that cases of fatal poisoning of animals by buttercups are described only in foreign literature.
First aid for poisoning
As soon as the first signs of poisoning with caustic or poisonous buttercups appear, first aid must be provided to the victim. It is necessary to remove the toxic substance from the body as quickly as possible. In case of contact with skin or mucous membranes, the affected area should be washed with plenty of water and lubricated with an anti-burn agent, for example, Panthenol, Oxazol.
If toxins are ingested, it is necessary to rinse the stomach with a weak pink solution of potassium permanganate or a 2% solution of baking soda, induce vomiting and seek medical help. If you experience severe pain in the mouth and stomach, you can hold small pieces of ice in your mouth and swallow them little by little.
Treatment
In case of poisoning by poisonous plants with buttercups, treatment consists of the following measures:
- gastric lavage with an aqueous suspension of activated carbon;
- the purpose of enveloping agents - mucous decoctions, egg whites, milk;
- giving adsorbents inside, for example, “Smecta”.
Depending on the condition of the victim, the administration of painkillers, drug restoration of heart rhythm, and intravenous infusions of antitoxic agents (glucose, sodium hyposulfite) may be necessary. In case of kidney damage, appropriate treatment is carried out.
Prevention measures
To prevent burns to the skin and mucous membranes, you need to be careful when collecting flowers and other herbal raw materials; if your skin is irritated, you should not rub your eyes with your hands.
To avoid poisoning when the toxin gets ingested, you must strictly follow the dosages of folk recipes, do not allow fresh buttercup herb to be used internally, and when preparing raw materials for decoctions and infusions, dry the herb well.
To prevent poisoning in livestock, they avoid harvesting green mass in biotopes where buttercup grows. If necessary, hay is made from such grass or areas infested with buttercups are treated with pesticides.
In conclusion, buttercups are a large family of annual and perennial plants, not all of which are poisonous. A distinctive feature of all buttercups is pinnate leaves, yellow or white. small flowers, proximity to ponds or other sources of water. You can become poisoned by buttercup if the plant juice gets into your eyes or onto the mucous membranes of your nose and mouth. This causes severe irritation, lacrimation, pain and even temporary loss of vision.
If folk recipes based on buttercups are used incorrectly, you can get poisoning, accompanied by abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. For treatment, you must consult a doctor, as serious burns, inflammation of the stomach and intestines, and damage to the heart and kidneys are possible.
There are more than 400 species of buttercup, which are distributed throughout the globe, but mainly in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. These are perennial or annual herbs predominantly with palmate, dissected or lobed leaves. Flowers solitary or in inflorescences. There are mostly 5 sepals, sometimes 3-7, usually 5 petals, yellow, sometimes white, rarely red. The leaves and stems of many species contain poisonous glycosides that cause irritation to the skin and mucous membranes. Water buttercups are often classified in the mulberry genus (water buttercup). Chestyak is often included in the buttercup genus.
The scientific name of the genus (Ranunculus) comes from the Latin word "rana", which means "frog", perhaps because buttercups grow in damp places, close to frogs.
Common in wet and damp meadows, in light deciduous forests, in clearings and forest edges, on the slopes of embankments, lawns and wastelands. caustic buttercup, or night blindness.
One of the most common - creeping buttercup, found almost everywhere, both in natural communities (forest, meadow, coastal water) and urban (front gardens, lawns, roadsides, wastelands), preferring well-moistened, nitrogen-rich soils.
Widespread and poisonous buttercup, one of the first to colonize waterlogged, disturbed and exposed substrates, it also grows along the banks of ponds and rivers, along the edges of drainage ditches, almost everywhere where long-lasting reservoirs of anthropogenic origin are formed (construction pits, vacant lots, places of water supply network leaks, etc. ). As closed vegetation forms, its abundance decreases. The leaves are noticeably fleshy and shiny. An aquatic form of this species with floating leaves is found in reservoirs. One of the most poisonous types of buttercups, hence its species name.
In dry meadows, in light deciduous and mixed forests, along forest clearings and edges, on the slopes of embankments and old fallow areas, the caustic ranunculus-like species is often found Ranunculus multiflora.
In broad-leaved forests, forming the spring aspect of their ground cover, it is common Buttercup Kashubian with single stems, at the base with 2-3 long-lasting dense membranous scales and characteristic basal leaves including 1-2: their plates are very large, up to 10-15 cm wide, dense, kidney-shaped-rounded in outline, entire, uniformly along the edge large-numbered. It is also found in mixed birch forests, in floodplain alder forests, in city parks and front gardens, in groups or in extensive thickets.
Kidney-shaped basal leaves have and goldilocks, but they are smaller and deeply three-dissected or divided into unequal lobes. It is distributed quite widely, its main habitats are well-moistened or damp meadows, forest glades and edges, light deciduous forests, where it sometimes grows in very large quantities. It is also found in front gardens, city parks and gardens, and on the slopes of embankments.
Buttercup (Ranunculus acris L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Receptacle glabrous. The flower is 15-20 mm in diameter, with five appressed sepals, five golden-yellow petals, numerous stamens and pistils.
Leaves: The lower leaves are pentagonal in outline, palmately divided into rhombic lobes, long-petiolate; the upper leaves are three-divided into linear toothed lobes, sessile.
Height: 20-70(100) cm.
Stem: With an erect, furrowed, appressed-hairy or almost bare below, branched, multi-flowered stem.
Fetus: Polynut; the fruits are smooth, with a short, almost straight nose 0.3-0.6 mm long.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Acrid buttercup is a plant of sparse deciduous forests, often also found on the edges, clearings, meadows, and along roadsides.
Prevalence: Mostly European look. Widely distributed in European Russia, Ciscaucasia and Western Siberia. In the central European part it is a common plant.
Addition: The plant is poisonous. In the northern Central Russian regions, in forest clearings and edges, in sparse forests, the Asian Close buttercup (Ranunculus propinquus C.A.Mey.), with a spout for fruits 0.8-1.2 mm long. In Central Russia there are several more closely related species with a bare receptacle, but with a protruding hairy or bare stem.
Creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flower 15-30 cm in diameter, with five protruding sepals, five golden-yellow petals, numerous stamens and pistils.
Leaves: Leaves are alternate, long-petiolate, trifoliate; leaves with petioles, whole or three-part, with serrated or whole lobes.
Height: from 10 to 50 cm.
Stem: The stem is thick, succulent, glabrous or pubescent.
Root: With creeping rooting shoots.
Fruit: Polynut; fruitlets with dots on the surface and an almost straight nose.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in May-July, the fruits ripen in June-August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Creeping buttercup is a plant of damp meadows, swamps, sparse forests, and dirt roads.
Prevalence: Widely distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, and Asia Minor. In Russia it is found throughout almost the entire European part, in the Ciscaucasia, Siberia and the Far East (Kamchatka). In the middle zone it is a common plant.
Addition: Polymorphic species; The leaves are especially varied in shape and size. Poisonous plant.
Poisonous buttercup (Ranunculus sceleratus L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: The flowers are small, light yellow, 7-8(10) mm in diameter. There are five sepals, bent downwards, larger than the petals. The receptacle is elongated, cylindrical when fruiting, ciliated-pilose.
Leaves: Leaves are shiny, slightly fleshy, deeply divided into three round or ovate, entire or crenate lobes.
Height: 10-70 cm.
Stem: The stem is hollow, straight, grooved.
Fruit: Fruits are slightly wrinkled, with a short nose.
Flowering and fruiting time:
Lifespan: One- or biennial plant.
Habitat: Poisonous buttercup grows in muddy places, ditches, banks of reservoirs, and in places where groundwater comes out.
Prevalence: Circumboreal species. In Russia, it is distributed throughout almost the entire territory, except for the Arctic and desert regions.
Addition: The plant is glabrous or with scattered pubescence of appressed hairs.
Ranunculus polyanthemos L.
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Peduncles are furrowed, pubescent with appressed hairs. Receptacle hairy. The flower is up to 20-30 mm in diameter, with five ovoid sepals, pubescent with erect hairs, with 5 (less often 6-7) large golden-yellow petals, numerous stamens and pistils.
Leaves: Leaves with a rounded-heart-shaped blade, almost to the base, 3-5 divided into deeply dissected segments, the lobes of which are linear-lanceolate; the upper and middle stem leaves are sessile, 3-5 divided into deeply divided linear-lanceolate, deeply incised and toothed segments; middle segment three-dissected leaves on a petiole.
Height: from 30 to 80 cm.
Stem: Stems are erect, furrowed, pubescent with erect white or reddish hairs almost to the middle.
Root: Shortened rhizome with a bunch of cord-like roots.
Fetus: Polynut; fruitlets up to 3-3.5 mm long, smooth, with a short, almost straight nose.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in May-July, the fruits ripen in June-August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Common Ranunculus multiflora meadow plant, also growing in clearings, among bushes and in the steppes.
Prevalence: Predominantly a European-Siberian species, also found in Central Asia. In Russia, it is distributed in many areas of the European part (including throughout the entire territory of Central Russia), in Western Siberia and in the south of Eastern Siberia.
Addition: IN certain areas Central Russia in the meadows can be found a few more similar types, but having a sessile middle segment of three-dissected leaves.
Buttercup (Ranunculus bulbosus L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Peduncles covered with appressed hairs. Flowers up to 25 mm in diameter, yellow, five-petaled. Sepals are bent downward, hairy below. Receptacle oblong, glabrous.
Leaves: Basal leaves with long petioles and a rounded-pentagonal plate, deeply tripartite, the segments of which are 2-3 incised into jagged, pointed lobes, hairy below; the upper stem leaves are sessile, tripartite into oblong-wedge-shaped, upwardly expanding, tri-incised and often toothed segments.
Stem: The stem is tuberously thickened at the base, erect, pubescent with erect sinuous hairs, with one or several flowers.
Root: With a very short rhizome and a bunch of cord-like thickened roots.
Fruit: Fruits are compressed, flat, obovate, with a greenish ribbed border along the edge, with a short straight or slightly bent nose.
Flowering and fruiting time:
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Tuberous buttercup grows in dry meadows, along the edges of fields, and less often in pine forests and among bushes.
Prevalence: A European-Asian Minor species, common in Russia in the European part and Ciscaucasia. In Central Russia it was found in the Moscow, Smolensk and Bryansk regions.
Buttercup (Ranunculus flammula L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flowers are yellow, 10-15 mm in diameter. Sepals 3-4 mm long, protruding, hairy. The petals are five, yellow, 5-6 mm long.
Leaves: Lower leaves with long petioles and an oblong-ovate or linear-lanceolate blade 3-7 cm long, entire or slightly toothed, acute; the upper leaves are narrow, linear-lanceolate, almost sessile.
Height: 15-50 cm.
Stem: With ascending stems rooting in the lower part, bare or with sparse appressed hairs, branched in the upper part.
Fruit: Fruits are bare, slightly laterally compressed, with a short nose.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in June-July, the fruits ripen in July-August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Burning buttercup grows in wet meadows, along the banks of reservoirs, ditches, and ditches.
Prevalence: European look. In Russia, it is distributed in the forest zone of the European part, occasionally found in the south of Western Siberia (Altai). A common plant in all regions of Central Russia.
Addition: Glabrous or slightly pubescent plant. Poisonous plant.
Spread buttercup (Ranunculus reptans L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Peduncles glabrous or slightly pubescent with appressed hairs. The flowers are small, 6-9 mm in diameter, yellow. There are five sepals, they are ovoid, obtuse, up to 2 mm long. The petals are five, elliptical, 3.5-5 mm long, sharply turning into a narrow nail at the base, with an open nectar pit at the base.
Leaves: Leaves are narrow-linear, less often linear-lanceolate, gradually turning into a petiole.
Stem: With thread-like branched stems spread on the soil, rooting at the nodes.
Fruit: A few fruits are collected in a head about 2-3 mm in diameter; fruitlets are obovate, laterally compressed, glabrous, up to 1.5-2 mm long, with a short beak, bent only at the end.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in May-July, the fruits ripen in June-August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Prostrate buttercup grows along the banks of reservoirs, often in shallow areas.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, Asia and North America. In Russia it grows in the northern half of the European part, Siberia and the south of the Far East. In Central Russia it is found in black earth strip.
Gmelin's Buttercup (Ranunculus gmelinii DC.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flowers are few, up to 10 mm in diameter. There are five sepals, they are reflexed and membranous. The petals are five, yellow, slightly longer than the sepals.
Leaves: Lower leaves with long petioles, upper leaves almost sessile. In aquatic forms, usually all leaves are immersed in water, deeply divided, with 5-8 thread-like lobes; Often, in addition to underwater leaves, there are also floating ones with a rounded, twice tripartite plate with wider lobes. In swamp forms, the leaf blade is 10-15 mm wide, kidney-shaped, deeply tripartite, the middle lobe of which is in turn tripartite, and the lateral lobes are five-partite.
Height: 5-20 cm.
Stem: With a thin, bare or pubescent stem.
Fruit: Polynut; fruits with a hook-shaped nose.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in July, the fruits ripen in August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Buttercup Gmelina is a wetland plant that grows along the damp banks of rivers and lakes, the edges of swamps, and in shallow waters.
Prevalence: A predominantly Asian species, distributed in Russia in the Asian regions and in the northern half of the European part. In Central Russia it is a rare species, found in the non-chernozem zone, mainly in the eastern regions.
Golden buttercup (Ranunculus auricomus L. s.l.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: The flower is 12-25 mm in diameter, with five slightly hairy sepals 6-8 mm long and five bright yellow petals 7-10 mm long. Stamens and pistils are numerous.
Leaves: Leaves of two types: basal (usually 3-6 of them) up to 4 cm long and up to 6 cm wide, rounded-reniform, serrate-toothed along the edge, heart-shaped at the base, 3-5(6)-dissected into oblong-broadly wedge-shaped, the upwardly expanding segments, in turn sharply toothed, incised, bare or on top along the veins with short appressed hairs, with a long petiole, and the stem ones are much smaller, dissected into wedge-shaped segments.
Height: 20-40(60) cm.
Stem: With an erect, thick, branched stem at the top.
Fetus: Polynut; fruitlets are hairy or velvety, with a hooked nose.
Flowering and fruiting time:
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Golden buttercup grows in meadows, sparse forests, clearings, and among bushes.
Prevalence: A predominantly European species, found in Russia in the European part, Ciscaucasia and Western Siberia. In Central Russia it is distributed throughout the entire territory, found more often in the non-chernozem zone.
Addition: For the territory of Central Russia in similar environmental conditions, the following are indicated: about 10 more similar species, differing in the shape of the stem leaf segments, the dissection of the basal leaves and the degree of development of the petals.
Kashubian buttercup (Ranunculus cassubicus L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flower 20-30 mm in diameter, with five yellowish-brown sepals, five bright yellow petals, numerous stamens and pistils. Receptacle pubescent.
Leaves: Leaves of two types: basal leaves (usually there are only 1-2 of them) large, up to 15 cm wide and 9 cm long, entire, rounded-reniform, serrated-toothed along the edge, with a long petiole; stem ones are much smaller, dissected into wedge-shaped segments.
Height: 30-60 cm.
Stem: With an erect thick stem, branched at the top.
Fetus: Polynut; fruitlets are hairy, with a hooked nose.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in spring - from April to early June, the fruits ripen in June-July.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Plant of broad-leaved and spruce-deciduous forests.
Prevalence: A predominantly European species, widespread in European Russia and Altai. In the middle zone of the European part - this is not rare plant, found in all areas.
Addition: Polymorphic species; more than a dozen “small” species have been identified, found in Central Russia under similar growing conditions. In addition, in the Central Russian regions there is a group of species close to the Kashubian buttercup: European Buttercup (Ranunculus falax (Wimm. et Grab.) Schur s.l.), Siberian Ranunculus monophyllus Ovcz. s.l. etc.
Illyrian buttercup (Ranunculus illyricus L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Flowers 20-35 mm in diameter. The sepals are white-tomentose on the outside, bent downward. The petals are pale yellow, 12-17 mm long.
Leaves: Leaves are three-dissected into linear or lanceolate, entire or incised-separate lanceolate segments, the lobes of which are short; the lowermost basal leaves with a whole lanceolate or narrow ovoid plate, petiolate; the upper stem leaves are sessile, dissected into entire linear-lanceolate segments.
Height: from 15 to 45 cm.
Stem: Stem erect, simple or branched, few flowers.
Root: Sometimes with underground shoots ending in a tuft of tuberous roots.
Fruit: Fruitlets are crowded into a dense oblong head, bare or with sparse hairs, laterally compressed, pointlike, narrowed into a short straight head, with a slightly bent nose at the end.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in April-May, the fruits ripen in May-June.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Illyrian buttercup grows on dry slopes, in the steppes, and in clearings.
Prevalence: Euro-Asian species. In Russia, it is distributed in the European part and Ciscaucasia. In Central Russia it is found mainly in the chernozem zone, to the north - as an alien plant.
Addition: The plant is covered with grayish or whitish felt. In the southeastern regions of Central Russia, on chalk and limestone outcrops there is a close Buttercup (Ranunculus oxyspermus Willd.), densely pubescent with protruding hairs.
Buttercup (Ranunculus pedatus Waldst. et Kit.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: Peduncles with clear grooves, bearing one or more flowers. Flowers are 15-25 mm in diameter. Sepals are protruding, ovate, glabrous or slightly hairy, yellowish-greenish, 4-6 mm long. Petals in a group of five, 8-12 mm long. Receptacle oblong, glabrous.
Leaves: Basal leaves with long petioles and palmate-3-5-separated blades; segments of the plate are linear-oblong or linear, entire; the upper stem leaves are small, tripartite or entire.
Height: 10-30(50) cm.
Stem: Stem simple or branched, almost glabrous or with scattered appressed hairs.
Root: With thickened, tuberous roots.
Fruit: Fruitlets 2.5-3 mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous, with a narrow border along the edge, with a short straight nose, curved at the top; The fruits are tightly collected and have an oval head.
Flowering and fruiting time: Blooms in April-May, bears fruit in May-June.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Stop-shaped buttercup grows on steppe slopes, among bushes.
Prevalence: A predominantly European species, also found in Central Asia. In Russia, it is distributed in the European part, Ciscaucasia and Western Siberia. In Central Russia - a rare plant discovered in Nizhny Novgorod, Lipetsk, Tambov, Kursk and Voronezh regions.
Longleaf Buttercup (Ranunculus lingua L.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: The flowers are large, up to 50 mm in diameter, bright yellow. Receptacle oval, glabrous.
Leaves: Leaves up to 30 cm long and up to 5 cm wide, narrowly lanceolate, gradually narrowed upward, pointed, entire-marginal, with a stem-enclosing sheath at the base.
Height: from 50 to 150 cm.
Stem: Stem with long internodes, straight, thick, hollow.
Root: With rhizomatous underground shoots and root lobes extending from the nodes.
Fruit: Fruits are bare, 2.5-3.2 mm long, laterally compressed, with a narrow membranous border along the dorsal edge, with a spout up to 1 mm long, hooked at the top.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in June-July, the fruits ripen in July-August.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: Longleaf buttercup grows along the banks of reservoirs, lowland and transitional swamps; often in water.
Prevalence: Widely distributed in Europe and Asia. In Russia it is found in the European part, Ciscaucasia, and Siberia. Known in all regions of Central Russia.
Buttercup (Ranunculus polyphyllus Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd.)
Description of appearance:
Flowers: The flowers are small, 5 mm in diameter, yellow, on peduncles that elongate with fruits up to 12 cm. There are three sepals and petals.
Leaves: Leaves whorled; underwater are represented by thread-like petioles 80-150 mm long; floating - with a solid or three-lobed plate, 5-25 mm long, 2-10 times shorter than the petiole.
Stem: With a branched stem up to 100 cm long.
Fruit: Fruits are obovate, smooth, 1-1.4 mm long, with a short straight nose, with a narrow membranous border along the edge.
Flowering and fruiting time: It blooms in May-July, the fruits ripen in June-August.
Lifespan: Annual plant.
Habitat: Buttercup multileaf grows in swamps, ditches and ponds.
Prevalence: European-Siberian species. In Central Russia, it is occasionally found in Kaluga, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Tula, Tambov, Penza, Kursk, Voronezh regions and in Mordovia.
Addition: Amphibian plant.
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