To purchase a suitable heating unit for a private home, you need to soberly evaluate the characteristics of the proposed options and take into account all the features of the home that needs to be heated. To cope with this task, you will have to make precise mathematical calculations and carefully consider the timing of fuel delivery. The information you will receive from this article will help you understand how to choose a long-burning solid fuel boiler. Use the material provided to avoid common mistakes and make the right decision.
Types and principles of operation of long-burning solid fuel boilers
If you have to choose a long-burning solid fuel boiler, first of all, familiarize yourself with the classification of these units. Having a general idea about existing varieties, you will be able to navigate wide range and immediately eliminate unsuitable options. Solid fuel heating boilers differ in several ways, which will be described later in the article.
By fuel combustion method
Long-burning heating boilers using solid fuel are divided into two categories:
- Traditional. They implement the simplest fuel combustion scheme. According to the principle of operation, they resemble an ordinary stove with a special window for supplying fuel. The main element is a heat exchanger, which ensures temperature transfer directly to the coolant. Such boilers are characterized by unprecedented reliability and durability, but their efficiency leaves much to be desired.
- Pyrolysis (gas generator). This type is different increased level Efficiency Such units generate thermal energy by burning fuel in a special way. First, the unit dries the fuel. This is followed by degassing, during which about 85% of the substances are converted into combustible gas during combustion. The remaining 15% remains in the form of coal. In the internal cavity of the combustion chamber, the temperature rises to 600°, due to which the combustible gas oxidizes and ignites. This process leaves a burning layer of coal. Masses of low-temperature gases are saturated with carbon, providing a temperature increase of up to 1000°. Under such conditions, coal decomposes, releasing large amounts of thermal energy. The air flow supplied to the upper wall of the combustion chamber directs the flame vertically downward. Due to this, the combustion process becomes controlled. Continuous air supply ensures constant oxidation of flammable gases.
According to the material of manufacture
The range of household solid fuel boilers includes units made from various materials. Manufacturers use two types of metals:
- Cast iron. The boiler is made of cast iron and is a sectional structure, each section of which can be separated from the rest. The ability to disassemble makes the unit more convenient for transportation and installation. If there is a need for repair work, this feature greatly facilitates the task of the technician. During operation of a cast iron boiler, the internal walls of the combustion chamber are subject to chemical corrosion. Dry rust (a film consisting of iron oxide) appears on them. As a rule, it does not progress, so the efficiency of the unit remains at a consistently high level. You won't have to clean it often to remove carbon deposits. The only significant drawback is susceptibility to temperature changes. Heat shock can damage the chamber walls. Such cases should be avoided.
- Steel. A boiler made from this metal is a monoblock unit that is assembled in a factory. It cannot be disassembled for ease of transportation. Steel solid fuel boilers with long combustion are not afraid of thermal shock, so automatic electronic mode changers are more widely used in them. However, systematic temperature changes lead to the formation of fatigue zones on the walls of the combustion chamber, which over time leads to burnout of the metal. If this happens, the unit cannot be repaired.
By type of fuel used
Long-term combustion solid fuel heating boilers are divided into four categories according to the type of fuel burned:
- On wood. The most common variety. Its popularity is explained by its simplicity of design and unpretentiousness to fuel. A long-burning solid fuel boiler using wood can operate under almost any conditions, but it has one significant drawback - the lack of automation. As the fuel burns, the user has to add firewood to the firebox.
- On coal. Much more suitable for a large house than a wood-burning one. Coal is low cost and easy to transport.
- On pellets. The fuel used for this variety is wood pellets, which are compressed waste from the woodworking industry. They are called pellets. The relatively small combustion chamber of a pellet boiler burns briquettes, producing a large amount of heat.
- On sawdust. A separate type of solid fuel boilers in which sawdust, dry grass, leaves and other waste are burned. Such units provide high-quality heating of housing, and also solve the problem of recycling waste of plant origin.
Dual-circuit
Long-burning solid fuel double-circuit boilers are distinguished by the fact that they not only heat homes, but also heat water for domestic use. By installing such a unit, you will heat the house and at the same time solve the problem of providing warm water for the bathroom and kitchen. A long-burning solid fuel boiler with a water circuit is more expensive, but it eliminates the need to install a gas water heater or boiler.
Criteria for selecting long-burning solid fuel boilers
WITH general classification We have already familiarized ourselves with solid fuel boilers. It's time to consider the criteria by which owners of private houses determine the optimal options for units for installing heating systems. After reading the following sections, you will learn how to choose the right long-burning solid fuel boiler for your home.
Fuel type
First of all, you must decide what fuel will be used for heating. Based on what type of fuel is more convenient to buy and import. If you have harvested wood, it would be wise to purchase a wood-burning boiler. Owners of cottages where there are no trees can recommend heating with pellets. Coal boilers are suitable for those who have the opportunity to favorable conditions order quality fuel. Sawdust heating systems are typically used to heat wood processing facilities.
Power
To determine the required power heating system, you need to produce simple mathematical calculations. Calculate the total volume of the premises you are going to heat. The resulting figure will help you find a model with the appropriate parameters in a wide range of long-burning solid fuel boilers. Keep in mind: you should always provide a power reserve so that during severe winter frosts the house does not become cold.
Device weight
When choosing solid fuel boiler long-term combustion for heating a private house, the mass parameter is taken into account only if the owner intends to mount the purchased unit on the wall. According to state standards established by the Russian gas service, this installation method is allowed for heating boilers with a volume of less than 100 liters.
Loading chamber volume
This parameter characterizes the ratio of the volume of fuel supplied to the power of the heating unit. The more fuel that fits in the loading chamber, the less often you will have to replenish the supply of firewood/coal/pellets. For steel boilers, the ratio of these values is 1.6-2.6 l/kW. Cast iron heating units consume fuel in smaller quantities - 1.1-1.4 l/kW.
The total volume of the loading chamber will help you roughly estimate the capabilities. In any case, you will not be able to fill it 100%. Where higher value has a useful loading chamber volume. This value reflects the actual amount of fuel that you can load into the combustion chamber. To determine it, you need to know the principle of combustion of fuel in the selected boiler and the method of loading fuel (top or front).
Efficiency
One of the most important parameters for any long-term combustion solid fuel heating unit. The figure expressing the efficiency of the boiler characterizes that part of the generated thermal energy that is actually spent on heating the home. Choosing a unit with a high coefficient useful action, you can reduce your power requirements. Low efficiency means waste of heat, so you will have to add more fuel to maintain an acceptable temperature in your home.
Review of the best manufacturers
The modern market of heating systems for private homes is filled with offers from many brands, but not all of these units can boast of reliability and durability. You learned how to choose a long-burning domestic solid fuel boiler from the previous sections of the article. It's time to narrow your search to those manufacturers who truly deserve respect:
- Stropuva. The Stropuva trademark produces high-quality coal heating boilers with a high level of efficiency and a long burning life after each filling.
- Hearth. The Ochag company produces solid fuel boilers equipped with heat exchangers modern design. The units of this brand are characterized by durability and high performance.
- Wichlacz. A reliable Polish brand that produces excellent solid fuel boilers that operate on the principle of layer-by-layer combustion of fuel.
- Viadrus. A world-respected manufacturer of coal, wood and coal-wood solid fuel boilers.
- Don. Heating units of this brand are reliable and durable. With minimal fuel consumption, Don provides high level Efficiency
- Teplodar. In terms of reliability and performance, long-burning heating units of the Teplodar brand can be compared with the best creations of German manufacturers.
Where to buy and how much they cost
Purchasing a long-burning solid fuel boiler for heating a private home is a serious task. You need to approach it with maximum responsibility. Such a unit costs a lot of money, so the first thing you need to do is evaluate the reliability of the selling party. In the table below you will find contact details and some commercial offers of trusted Moscow suppliers of heating equipment.
| Organization name | Address, Website | Name of the proposed model | Price, rub |
|
| "TechnoDom" | Zavodskoye Highway, building No. 9A; Website: teh-dom | Double-circuit pyrolysis | ||
| Viardus Woodpell 7 | Automatic pellet | |||
| "Thermo-Mir" | st. Aircraft constructor Mil, house No. 19; Website: termo-mir | Don KS-T-16 | Wood-burning | |
| Don KS-GV-50N | Wood-burning | |||
| "GarantComfort" | Business Park Rumyantsevo, Kyiv highway, building No. 1, building A, office No. 905; Website: garantcomfort | Coal-wood | ||
| Coal-wood | ||||
| "TeploDar" | Website: teplodar | Teplodar Kupper OK15 | Universal solid fuel | |
| Teplodar Cooper OK20 | Universal solid fuel | |||
| Teplodar Cooper OK20 | Universal solid fuel |
Video
For those who are unable to purchase an expensive heating boiler, suitable option assembling such a unit at home. The video below will explain in detail how to do this. Listen to the advice of experts, and you can create your own alternative option long combustion solid fuel boiler.
Which solid fuel boiler should you prefer for heating a private home? We understand the features, pros and cons of modern long-burning heating units.
Frequent loading of the firebox is the main disadvantage of classic solid fuel heat sources. The fuel in them burns out quickly enough, and the heat generated does not last long. Modern long-burning boilers, which increase the combustion process of solid fuel material by tens of times, can solve the problem.
Long-burning heating boiler for a private home
Highly efficient heating units make the most of the thermal energy released by fuel during the combustion process, therefore they are ideal for heating private homes, as well as industrial premises.
The market for long-burning solid fuel boilers is quite extensive - the range includes models from the simplest to the most tailored to the user’s interests.
All units of this type operate efficiently even at minimum power, demonstrating a difference in the volume of accumulated heat compared to classic boilers by approximately 10 times
Wood heating boiler
A suitable heat source is selected taking into account the following factors:
- what type of fuel will be used (coal, firewood, peat briquettes, waste from wood processing and similar solid combustible substances);
- what type of boiler is needed (simple, combined or universal);
- how large an area will be heated;
- how often fuel will be loaded;
- what is the budget planned for the purchase of the boiler.
Operating principle
According to the principle of operation, installations are divided into two types:
- operating according to the classical scheme with the inclusion of a blower-fan;
- models with top loading and air supply.
Heating system for a private house using a boiler
In both of these options, the operation of the supercharger is controlled by a special electronic unit - it controls the water temperature, increasing or slowing down the fan performance. Units with a supercharger provide for a reduction in the inertia of processes, thereby increasing the duration of combustion of solid fuel.
In top-loading models, the supercharger is located in the upper part of the housing. Air is supplied from top to bottom, and fuel combustion occurs in a similar direction, resulting in a charged in full the installation can work very long time(from 8 to 48 hours).
In general, long-burning units have a lot of advantages, but there are also some disadvantages. Regardless of the principle of operation, they must be cleaned from time to time - if cleaning is neglected, the equipment may simply fail.
Diagram: long-burning boiler design
On full power boiler equipment does not heat up immediately, but after certain time. Another disadvantage is that it is impossible to quickly stop the operation of a long-burning boiler if necessary.
Differences in the type of solid fuel used: what to consider when choosing
Long-burning boilers differ from each other not only in their operating principle, but also in the type of fuel used. Each of the heating units operating on solid fuel has its own advantages and disadvantages, which should be taken into account when choosing.
Wood boiler
The most important thing when choosing this model is the volume of the firebox itself for storing firewood, which will fit into it with one load. The larger the firebox capacity, the longer the wood will burn.
Wood boiler for heating
Coal boiler
If coal is used as fuel, the first thing you should pay attention to when choosing a suitable model is the material of manufacture. It is better to give preference to structures made of cast iron or stainless steel.
The thickness of the furnace walls also plays an important role, since when coal burns the temperature will be very high. It is recommended to choose a model with the thickest walls, which will retain heat for a long time.
Coal boiler for heating
Pellet boiler
This type of boiler is capable of operating in autonomous mode for the longest period of time, which is why it is very popular among consumers. Its time battery life directly depends on the size of the bunker - the tank can hold from a minimum of 20 kg to several tons of granules. Therefore, it is rational to choose models with a spacious bunker in order to reduce the number of fuel fills.
- high efficiency;
- efficiency;
- automatic control (if electricity is available, the equipment independently adds fuel to the firebox using an auger);
- there is no need for frequent cleaning, since the fuel burns almost completely.
Pellet boiler
- quite high cost;
- energy dependence;
- fuel required high quality(whole low-ash pellets), otherwise the burner will clog very quickly.
Pyrolysis boiler
The pyrolysis boiler operates by distilling fuel under conditions elevated temperature with a limited supply of oxygen, promoting the decomposition of wood into the so-called pyrolysis gas. Pyrolysis-type boilers have two fireboxes, in one of which primary combustion of fuel is carried out, and in the second - gas afterburning.
Pyrolysis boiler
- requires increased quality of solid fuel;
- high cost.
Types of long-burning pyrolysis boilers
Combination boiler
In addition to the main one, these units can also use secondary types of fuel, as well as their combinations. Some of the models are equipped additional function- electric heating, which turns on after the existing fuel has burned out, when the boiler begins the cooling process.
Long-burning combination boiler
Conclusion
The basic indicators when choosing a long-burning heating boiler are the power of the equipment, as well as the combustion method. The most efficient in terms of efficiency are boilers whose operating principle is based on the pyrolysis process. Unlike conventional combustion, in pyrolysis boilers Not only fuel is burned, but also wood gases.
A long-burning boiler is a modern way of heating a living space
An additional advantage in favor of their choice is ease of maintenance, since virtually no soot is formed and the cleaning process is simplified. If you do not want to load the next portion of fuel into the boiler from time to time, then it is rational to purchase automated system, which completely eliminates manual labor.
What is a long-burning boiler: video
Long burning boiler: photo
They require regular maintenance and fuel loading - this is their main drawback. Cheap and simple models need to be filled with firewood every few hours. Therefore, for heating a residential building, long-burning boilers are more often used, which can operate on one batch of fuel for several days.
How is such a long service life of these models achieved? Significant dimensions usually tell the buyer that the problem is the larger volume of the loading chamber. This is partly true, but the basis of long-term work is not the amount of fuel, but the principle of its combustion is “top to bottom”.
When burning fuel, only the top layer burns, and combustion occurs with a dosed supply of air. In this case, no bright flame is formed; the fuel smolders for a long time and evenly, heating the lower layers. Therefore, long-burning boilers not so demanding on the moisture content of firewood and coal fractions.
The design of a long-burning boiler has its own characteristics. The loading chamber door is located high - in the upper third of the body. Almost everything is filled with fuel interior space, this explains the large download volume. At the top of the housing there is a smoke pipe, which is connected to the chimney.
At the bottom of the chamber there is an ash pan; it is necessary for cleaning the boiler. The ash pan does not play the role of the ash pan, as in conventional ovens, so its door is sealed. The air comes from the air chamber located at the top; it is also a recuperator: flue gases heat its walls, due to which the air enters the combustion zone already heated. The camera is equipped with a shutter at the top.
In order to supply air to the fuel combustion surface in a dosed manner, the boilers are equipped with an air distributor connected to air chamber through a telescopically extending pipe. As the fuel load burns out, the distributor lowers along with the upper burning layer, which ensures a long-term stable air supply.
The air distributor returns to its original position using a cable with a ring - it is simply pulled upward. By the position of the cable, you can determine the remaining fuel in the loading chamber.
The heat exchanger in long-burning models is a water jacket located on all side surfaces, making heat removal quite effective. Fittings are provided to supply coolant to the heating system and return it to the boiler. The water supply connection to the system is located in the upper part of the heat exchanger, the return connection is in the lower part, this ensures natural circulation.
Can be equipped automatic or thermomechanical regulation. In the first case, they are volatile and require connection to the electrical network. In the second, the combustion process is controlled using a bimetallic one. Such boilers do not require electricity and can operate uninterruptedly in any conditions.
Advantages of long-burning boilers
- operating time on one load - up to 7 days;
- simple and reliable design;
- low requirements for fuel quality;
- most models do not require a network connection;
- the price of boilers is comparable to the price of.
Flaws:
- significant dimensions;
- the need for regular cleaning - when smoldering, a large amount of soot is released.
Types of fuel for long-burning boilers
Long-burning boilers are not demanding on fuel quality. They are most effective on anthracite and brown coal, but can also work on firewood, briquettes and pellets.
An important nuance that you need to pay attention to when purchasing - maximum length firewood Ready-made chopped firewood usually has a length of 40-45 cm; if the model has a shorter loading chamber, then the firewood will have to be prepared yourself or cut to order.The moisture content of the wood is not as important for this type of boiler as for pyrolysis boilers, but when burning raw wood, the boiler efficiency will be significantly lower, and the amount of soot and soot will increase greatly. In addition, when high humidity smoke, water vapor can condense on the walls of the chimney and interact with soot, forming carbonic acid. Over time, the acid will destroy the walls of the chimney and it will require replacement.
Pellets and fuel briquettes in long-burning boilers can be used without preliminary preparation, the size of the granules does not matter, and the moisture content of this fuel is within 20%, which is quite acceptable for these models. Brown coal and anthracite of the middle fraction also do not require additional training, large pieces must be crushed before loading.
It is not recommended to use wet sawdust and construction waste- fuel chamber and chimney when using them!Review of long-burning boiler models
Boilers on the market various manufacturers, and their stated characteristics are similar, so making a choice is sometimes difficult. Below is an overview of the most popular models.
Boilers Liepsnele, Lithuania
Model range Long-burning boilers from this manufacturer include universal models with a power from 10 to 40 kW; they can operate on coal, wood, sawdust, shavings, fuel pellets and pressed briquettes.
The design of the boilers is of the classic shaft type with top combustion. Liepsnele boilers are energy independent and have high efficiency- it is at least 90% in any operating mode and with any fuel.
Video: installation and connection of Liepsnele heating equipment
Boilers SWaG, Ukraine
Mine universal long-burning models, equipped with an electronic control unit that allows you to precisely regulate combustion modes. Range of powers - from 10 to 50 kW. The boilers are equipped with a turbine that forces air into the combustion zone, which increases its efficiency during ignition and in the system heating mode. The boilers are equipped with a safety group, including a pressure relief valve and an air vent, as well as a thermometer.
Brief technical specifications:
In SWaG boilers, along with the main fuel, you can burn sawdust, straw, wood chips and other waste, mixing them with coal or firewood. Do not use dusty fine coal, which is prone to caking and coking - the operation of the boiler will be unstable and ineffective.Video: description of SwaG boilers
Boilers Stropuva, Bulgaria
Classic top-burning, shaft-type units for heating residential and industrial facilities. Equipped with a bimetallic traction regulator, which eliminates the need to connect to the electrical network. The range of universal boilers is represented by models from 8 to 40 kW.
Brief technical specifications:
Stropuva boilers are distinguished by increased safety and resistance to water hammer - in case of sudden overheating, the walls of the housing are not damaged, the deformation is directed inward.Video: Stropuva long-burning models
Boilers Nedelka, Russia
Domestic-made boilers capable of operating on one load of coal for 6-7 days. They have high efficiency - up to 92%, the boiler automation allows you to accurately regulate the temperature of the network water and the microclimate in the premises of the house.
The boiler has rectangular shape with a loading door in the upper plane. The type of combustion in the boiler is top; for more complete heat removal, smoke circulation is provided - channels through which heated flue gases pass.
The heat exchanger of the Nedelka boiler is multi-pass, which ensures maximum heat removal from the most heated surfaces. The firebox is equipped grate and two cleaning doors: through one, located in the fuel chamber, combustion products are removed from the firebox, through the second - from the ash pan.
At the top there is a microprocessor control unit that controls the boost fan. It regulates the air supply to the chamber, and therefore the combustion mode. When the power is turned off, the boiler goes out, but when it is turned on, it can flare up again without human intervention. The control is simple - just set the desired temperature in the rooms in which the sensors are installed.
The fuel quality requirements for Nedelka units are low: they can burn coal and firewood, pellets, wood chips, and construction waste. The greatest efficiency and duration of combustion is achieved when working on coal, the quality of which does not have any special requirements - effective pressurization can ignite any fraction of coal.
Three boiler models are recommended for private homes: KO-60 - for a house with an area of 100 to 300 square meters, KO-90 - from 200 to 400 square meters and KO-110 - from 250 to 600 square meters. Moreover, what larger area, those less time combustion of the boiler at one load, so it is better to choose a more powerful boiler.
Prices for Nedelka boilers, depending on the modification - from 110 to 220 thousand rubles.
Boiler "Week", video
The correct choice of the appropriate model of solid fuel equipment will allow you to forget about daily loading, cleaning and maintenance of heating equipment. Modern boilers are reliable, safe and do not require monitoring. It is enough to clean the unit from ash and ash every few days and load a new batch of fuel, after which the house will be warm and comfortable all week.
The long-burning industrial solid fuel boiler came to our homes not so long ago, although humanity has known about the principle of this kind, slow burning, since medieval times. And the technology of a “smoldering fire” enclosed in a stone vice will be demonstrated in practice by any professional forester or hunter. There are a great many modifications, and almost every seller offers a long-burning solid fuel boiler.
Choosing the optimal and reliable long-burning boiler for a private home can only be done after a thorough assessment of the characteristics of the presented devices. In addition, it will be necessary to coordinate them with the characteristics of the heated room.
A solid knowledge of the range and classification of devices will help you choose a long-burning solid fuel boiler. Let's take a look at their varieties together and see what makes up the price of such an interesting and attractive product.
The demand among the population to buy long-burning solid fuel boilers is based on the constant need to save money, as well as the time spent on adding fuel and regularly cleaning equipment.
Long-burning solid fuel boiler - varieties.
The honorary title of a long-burning solid fuel boiler is given to any device that maintains combustion throughout the day. If a boiler burns out for a day, it gets the long-burning status, if two boilers burn out, the status doesn’t change, if it burns out for a week, they all get the same name.
Thus, we can find a device with a different period of fuel smoldering support, while the very phrase “long-burning solid fuel boiler” is unlikely to reveal to us all the technical characteristics of the device.
Only two main types of equipment are distinguished in this segment - a long-burning wood boiler and a long-burning coal boiler. Both devices are capable of servicing both a system with a water circuit and a system with. In addition, a long-burning solid fuel boiler has a number of distinctive features, which we will focus on.
Long-burning solid fuel boiler - methods of fuel combustion
Traditional energy-dependent boilers.
IN traditional models, is usually implemented simplest scheme burning of fuel reserves. In design, they resemble an ordinary stove, with an uncharacteristic special window located in the upper part of the boiler and used to load firewood or coal.
The principle of its operation is based on the process of smoldering, which does not involve the burning of a bright flame. During smoldering, a special ventilation pump helps to release a sufficient amount of heat for heating, which turns on automatically and removes excess oxygen from the firebox.
Manufacturers have taught devices to track the percentage of oxygen content in combustion chamber, allowing required quantity only to maintain smoldering, preventing it from flaring up open flame. The smoldering state that a long-burning solid fuel boiler maintains provides obvious savings on expensive fuel, and also frees the owner from the routine, hourly addition of firewood or coal.
Engineers made sure that a traditional long-burning solid fuel boiler included a special afterburning section for residual fuel. The afterburner is a winding labyrinth that promotes maximum heat transfer.
A simple solution made it possible to ensure almost complete combustion and destruction of toxic products arising during operation of the boiler. Thus, the environmental safety and efficiency of the device as a whole increases. At the same time, the generated heat is used to heat the coolant, increasing the boiler efficiency to 85%.
The main element in heat exchange in a traditional boiler is the heat exchanger. The coolant flowing through it ensures further transfer of thermal energy directly to the heating radiators.
The traditional long-burning solid fuel boiler is famous for its ease of operation, high degree reliability and long service life. The disadvantage is the mediocre efficiency, which leaves much to be desired. A more significant problem may be energy dependence.
Electronic regulation of oxygen supply and fan operation are not possible without power supply. Thus, the operation of the heating system becomes vulnerable during emergency power failures. Of course, help will come in advance installed device uninterruptible power supply. But, firstly, you need to buy it, and secondly, its operation does not imply a long service life.
non-volatile long-burning boilers
The second combustion method is represented by numerous gas generators. This design is more often called pyrolysis boiler. It is characterized by an increased efficiency value reaching 90%. High intensity of thermal energy generation is achieved by a special method of fuel combustion.
First, the fuel material is dried. The further process is accompanied by degassing, as a result of which about 85% of the substances during combustion are converted into flammable pyrolysis gas. Video review describes in detail how a long-burning pyrolysis solid fuel boiler is operated.
The advantage of pyrrole boilers, is their complete energy independence, the device is perfect for installation in problem regions with difficulties in supplying electricity. The second plus is autonomy. No constant adjustment is required, and temperature regime maintained in the specified mode with an error of no more than ± 3°C.
The efficiency is five times better than a direct flame boiler. It will take 10 kg of fuel per day to heat an area of 100 m2. Almost complete combustion frees you from the frequent work of cleaning the boiler from ash. The burning time is about 12 -16 hours.
Long-burning solid fuel boiler - pros and cons
In the absence of a gas main, there are not many alternatives to build a heating system. It can be installed, provided that gas supplies are established in the region. You can use environmentally friendly, but expensive electricity by connecting. But what if similar options can't afford it? Or are gas and electricity resources limited or non-existent?
A long-burning solid fuel boiler will not require significant installation costs from the owner and will provide a reasonable replacement for the listed heating methods.
Advantages:
- Easy to use. Traditional work with wood, pellets or coal does not require special skills. Cleaning up ash takes no more than an hour a week.
- Durability. Service life exceeds 10 – summer period. A long-burning boiler is an unpretentious technique. A simple design, with careful use, can serve regularly for several decades.
- Eco-friendly. The afterburner ensures almost complete combustion of the fuel. Emissions harmful substances natural combustion product - processed as a result of photosynthesis.
- High efficiency. There are models on the market with a value of up to 90 – 95%. Minimum heat losses are ensured. Engineering solutions optimize the process of afterburning pyrolysis gases. The heat exchanger design is designed with maximum heat transfer to the coolant.
- Efficiency and economy. Modern equipment is not much inferior to gas analogues. The effectiveness of long-term burning reaches seven or more days.
- Reasonable fuel cost. Sometimes it’s the only possible one. Frees you from dependence on expensive gas equipment.
- Absent permitting documentation for boiler installation. There is no requirement to conclude service agreements with gas services.
- A long-burning solid fuel boiler allows you to ensure homeownership hot water, in the case of a second circuit. In addition, it will help to expand functionality.
Flaws:
- Permanent owner involvement. Despite the long combustion process from one load, sooner or later you have to return to replenishing the loading compartment with fuel.
- Regular cleaning. Probably the least popular maintenance process, it requires constant cleaning of ash. All that remains is to envy the pure gas equipment or electrical apparatus.
- Separate room. You will have to allocate a separate room with good ventilation and a chimney. A long-burning solid fuel boiler for a private home usually has significant dimensions; it may be necessary to prepare a special installation site with a reinforced foundation.
- Maintenance of fuel stocks. Replenishment and preservation of fuel residues will require additional financial investments. Compliance with safety measures and maintaining a certain humidity of the product also adds problems in resolving storage issues.
How to choose a long-burning solid fuel boiler
We suggest you determine the evaluation criteria that will make it easier to choose a long-burning boiler for a private home. Let's look at the main sections that you should pay attention to and get acquainted with optimal parameters suitable devices.
We hope our advice will help you choose the right long-burning solid fuel boiler to ensure comfortable living in the absence of gas.
Solid fuel.
From the very beginning, you need to decide on the type of fuel that is most accessible in your region. Take into account that it will be cheaper and more accessible to transport and store. Happening in the nearby area active workpiece forests?
Most likely, you should give preference to wood-burning equipment. Homeowners where wood raw materials are in short supply should be advised to take a closer look at heating with pellets.
A coal or anthracite boiler is recommended for those properties where mining is underway or coal transportation is properly organized. It is advantageous to organize heating systems using sawdust combustion at a wood processing facility.
Device power characteristics
It will help you choose the required power of a long-burning boiler contractor for installation work of the heating system. If you are creating comfort with your own hands, calculate the area of the heated room.
Traditionally, 10 kW of boiler power is assigned per 100 meters of area. Using simple mathematical calculations, determine the required value. The data obtained will help you find the optimal long-burning solid fuel boiler in the numerous assortment on the heating equipment market. As a rule, it is recommended to add 10% to the obtained value in order to provide a power reserve in case of severe frost.
Loading chamber
There is an indicator that depends on the ratio of the volume of the loading chamber and the power characteristics of the boiler. The value is considered sufficient if it falls within the coefficient range from 3.3 to 5 liters/kilowatt. The coefficient is important criterion which helps you choose a long-burning boiler for your home.
If the final figure is closer to the maximum index threshold, the more joy for the homeowner - he will not need to boot the device as often.
For example, consider the Viessmann Vitoligno 100-S 25 pyrolysis boiler. According to the technical data, the size of the loading chamber of the device has a volume of 110 liters. Power is 25 kW. We calculate the index: 110/25 = 4.4 l/kW. As you can see, the coefficient falls within acceptable limits and is considered very good.
Long-burning solid fuel boiler Stropuva
Since we are talking about companies that produce long-burning solid fuel boilers on the market, we cannot ignore the well-deserved leader - the Stropuva company. A Lithuanian boiler is capable of operating on one filling of coal for up to 120 hours, on pellets 72 hours, on wood 30 hours respectively.
Very good parameters for this type of long-burning boilers. Let’s also look at why Stropuva boilers have gained such great popularity:
- Long burning. Reaches 5 days.
- Multi-level security. The company claims that during overheating and overload, the boiler device contracts like a tin can under foot load and under no circumstances does it explode, but only shrinks inward.
- Economical. Optimal characteristics resource use. Wood waste can be used as fuel.
- Energy independence. The Stropuva boiler does not require electricity.
- Ecology comes first and meets high European standards.
- Attractive appearance.
- 5 year warranty.
It was not for nothing that Lithuanian engineers designed a long-burning boiler in the shape of a cylinder. Now, thanks to its compact size, installation of the Stropuva boiler does not require a large area and can fit into the limited space of a city apartment.
Pricing policy for long-burning boilers
The price is determined based on many indicators and values, the main ones fit into three fundamental factors:
- Brand, country of origin;
- Characteristics of thermal power;
- Multifunctional design and ability to process various types of fuel.
By the way, wood boilers long-burning stoves from Stropuva with a power of 20 kW are in the price range of 1400-1900 euros. At the same time, similar power, but at universal model will cost 2000-2400 euros.
The classic is represented on the market by the Buderus long-burning boiler from a German concern. Operation is allowed on wood, coal, anthracite and pellets. The cost of the Buderus boiler is determined by the thermal output and ranges from 1400-1900 euros.
Let's add another EU manufacturer from Germany - the company's long-burning solid fuel boiler (Junkers) shows excellent characteristics. Stands out from the range in better side boilerJunkers with a power of 32 kW with a price per device of 1600 euros.
The Viessmann company asks for the highest price for its long-burning pyrolysis boiler; for the Vitoligno model, the concern wants to receive from 2300 to 5900 euros for a boiler with a maximum, industrial capacity at 80 kW.
It's time to turn to domestic manufacturer. Available options start at 35 thousand rubles, so a Russian-made Cooper solid fuel boiler can be purchased for 40 thousand rubles.
There is also on the Internet huge amount tips on how to make a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands. If you have the material and skillful hands, you can create your own cauldron!
Conclusions
In conclusion, we would like to say that you should not give in to the impulsive desire to buy a long-burning solid fuel boiler, calculate all the options, compare operating savings calculations again. Try to clarify the necessary and sufficient power of the heat-generating equipment. Most likely, the issue price will be in the same range.
Perhaps, in total, let’s say with , they will be equally costly from a financial point of view in comparison with a long-burning boiler, but less troublesome to use. Well, if you decide that you can’t do without a long-burning boiler, don’t skimp and buy a device with automatic coal supply, it will greatly improve your life.
Intensive suburban housing construction, which recent years is gaining momentum, putting forward more and more new requirements for types of heating equipment. Organization autonomous heating, completely independent of centralized sources, presents owners with a choice. As an alternative to gas water heating, solid fuel boilers are increasingly being used today. Modern models such heating equipment have high technological characteristics and economical. The only nuance that makes consumers think before choosing a heating device model is the need to frequently load heating equipment with fuel.
The practicality of heating equipment during operation plays for us, if not the main, then definitely a leading role. Gas boilers and electric heating devices are almost completely autonomous heating devices, while solid fuel boilers require constant human presence. The real way out of this situation would be to install own home solid fuel boiler with top combustion function. Let's take a closer look at what this type of heating device is, what are the design features unit.
The main motives that make us pay attention to top combustion heating boilers
Service frequency is a general value that characterizes any household appliances. For heating heating devices, this parameter is one of the key ones. IN heating season the boiler is forced to work regularly, heating living spaces and providing the inhabitants of the house with hot water for domestic needs. Solid fuel boilers today they have high efficiency, are powerful and energy efficient. The fuel used to operate the units, firewood, coal, fuel briquettes and pellets are quite accessible. The choice depends only on the model of the solid fuel device and the cost of the fuel.
During the cold period, solid fuel units provide real benefits. This applies not only to effective and quality work autonomous system heating, but also significant savings on your own budget. With so many advantages, solid fuel boilers have one significant disadvantage. It's about about the need to personally participate in its maintenance.
Preparing the unit for operation and its operation are planned activities that need to be carried out, although regularly, but not as often as it seems. The main problem for of this equipment problem that you have to deal with is the regular loading of fuel. The frequency of fuel loading depends on the type of heating device and on climatic conditions outside the window. Regardless of whether you fire your boiler with coal or wood, you will have to add fuel to the firebox.
For reference: traditional solid fuel boiler, burning wood or coal, where there is no technical feasibility realize automatic feeding fuel into the combustion chamber, requires from 2 to 8 loads per day. The heating intensity, the quality of the fuel resource and the boiler power determine the number of loads.
Having assessed the volume of upcoming hassle with a solid fuel device, many residents of private houses prefer top-loading boilers. Such equipment will provide more personal freedom to the inhabitants of the house. Instead of playing the role of stoker and fireman, you will only have to enjoy the coziness and comfort.
The main feature of heating boilers with an upper combustion method
Considering the difficulties with servicing solid fuel heating devices, manufacturers decided not only to use new technologies in the design heating technology, but also return to traditional technologies. The main task that was solved in the process of modernizing boiler equipment was to increase the burning time of one load of fuel. Get this result succeeded due to the use of the top combustion principle in solid fuel boilers.
The technology of boiler operation due to top combustion is not something fundamentally new. Fuel loaded into the firebox burns from top to bottom. Those. on the contrary, not like in traditional type boilers. Combustion begins from the topmost layer, where it is supplied through a movable distributor required flow air. As the fuel mass burns, the air distributor moves down under its own weight, ensuring combustion of the next layer. The loaded fuel thus burns evenly layer by layer, releasing a large volume of combustible wood gas.
At this stage, the temperature in the furnace of the unit reaches 450 0 C.
At this stage, the principle of pyrolysis comes into play. The smallest combustion products, together with the emitted wood gas, completely burn, releasing a huge amount of thermal energy. As a result of the operation of the unit, there is practically no fuel residue left in the combustion chamber.
For reference: Pyrolysis is an exothermic reaction that results in decomposition under the influence of high temperature. organic compounds, followed by the release of a flammable gaseous substance. The main heating of a solid fuel boiler during the combustion process is carried out by burning wood gas.
Wood (pyrolysis) gas enters the second chamber through a metal disk, where it ignites due to the forced hot air. The combustion temperature in the second furnace reaches enormous values at this moment, 500-800 0 C. Everything is simple and clear. The main thing is the design of the heating apparatus.
The combustion rate of the fuel depends on the combustion process. In classic-type heating equipment, wood is burned quickly enough, producing the maximum possible heat within a short period of time. In other words, during short period the unit reaches the peak of its power, after which, without subsequent addition of fuel, the boiler begins to lose load. Constantly loading a new portion of firewood is not always convenient or physically possible. Solid fuel boilers with top loading work completely differently. One load with such a device can be enough for 12, 24 or more hours of operation. The intensity of combustion depends on the load on the heating system.
Everything is simple and clear. The main thing is the design of the heating apparatus.
Top loading boiler design
Top-loading heating equipment has a design similar to a candle. A solid fuel boiler of this type has a vertically standing body in the shape of a cylinder. The vertical arrangement is determined by the principle of operation of the unit; moreover, the housing in this device is two-layer, playing the role of a heat exchanger. Boiler water circulates between the outer and inner walls from top to bottom, receiving heat as a result of the combustion of pyrolysis gas.
The operating principle also determines the location of the loading chamber. Above it there is an air heating chamber, through which the air distributor moves up and down. At the bottom of the apparatus there is an ash pit, a place where the minimum amount of combustion residues enters.
On at the moment Manufacturers produce long-burning solid fuel devices in two versions:
- units that consume firewood and fuel briquettes;
- devices running on coal, wood and fuel briquettes.
In most cases, manufacturers declare the duration of the boiler operation from one load directly into technical documentation to the heating boiler. As a rule, these periods vary from 24 to 48 hours when working with wood and briquettes, to 3-5 days when loading the boiler with coal.
For reference: The burning time of a fuel material is largely influenced by the quality of the fuel. Firewood made from hard wood (birch, oak, beech, ash) burns for a long time, releasing a large amount of heat. Wood coniferous species burns more intensely, therefore the operating life of a boiler using pine wood will be significantly shorter.
In addition to firewood, briquettes and coal for work heating device This type can use recycled wood products. When choosing the type of fuel resource, it is necessary to take into account its availability. A single load will require up to 30-50 kg of finished fuel. The boiler power determines the stack height. IN different models this parameter varies between 600-1500mm. As for power, the spread of parameters is even greater. Today, boilers for autonomous heating are produced with a capacity of 8,10,20 and 40 kW.
Top loading heater control system
The issue regarding the principle of operation of the boiler and the loading method has been sorted out. Everything here is clear and accessible. Let's look at what the control system for such equipment looks like next. In long-burning boilers, the main control principle is based on regulating the air flow entering the combustion chamber. Models that are conventional units have air mass adjustment mechanical device. A conventional chain-driven damper is activated by the operation of a thermostat. However, this method has one critical technical drawback.
The thermostat is set to a specific temperature. When the coolant is heated to a certain temperature, the damper takes a certain position, reducing the intensity of combustion. It is not possible to achieve a sharp decrease in temperature due to the high inertia of the operating unit. By inertia, the coolant will continue to heat up for some time, working for the heating system.
A similar operating principle is associated with increasing the boiler water heating temperature. Until the boiler reaches rated power, the coolant temperature will rise very slowly.
The situation is different with units that are equipped with a fan. The electric device pumps air as needed, increasing the combustion intensity. Due to the air blower, it is possible to reduce the inertia of long-burning heating equipment. Switching the supercharger on and off is controlled automatically, which is equipped with sensors that record the slightest changes coolant temperature.
If technologically necessary, the fan can be stopped, leaving smoldering fuel on a meager oxygen supply. Air will enter the firebox naturally. Such a scheme allows you to reduce the temperature of the coolant during breakthrough, a phenomenon that is caused by inertial processes in the operation of the heating unit.
Note: It will take from 0.5 to 1 hour for the heating boiler to return to normal operation. If you want to turn off the heating, the expansion tank connected to a single heating circuit is switched on. With the help of a tank, excess heat coming from the cooling boiler is compensated. The time for a long-burning solid fuel boiler to completely cool down can be 2-5 hours.
Conclusion. Advantages and disadvantages of this equipment
Having become familiar with the design of top-combustion solid fuel units and the principle of operation, we can safely talk about the advantages of such heating equipment. If we go into detail, the main advantages are as follows:
- long intervals between successive downloads;
- high efficiency (80%);
- convenient and simple way to control;
- minimum electronics for the automation system;
- conventional models are non-volatile devices;
- high level of technological safety;
- long service life (10-15 years).
The main disadvantage of this technique is inertia. Unlike gas boilers and solid fuel equipment, which operate on a different principle, solid fuel boilers are less flexible in operational and technological terms. Much in the operation of top combustion boilers depends on the quality of the fuel. Firewood used in the firebox must have appropriate moisture content. Sometimes problems arise in the operation of boilers related to the completeness of loading.