Viburnum viburnum is an ornamental tree and shrub. Useful properties and contraindications of red viburnum

There are about 200 species of viburnum. All of them are very decorative, but not all are winter-hardy. Viburnums are usually shrubs or small trees 3-5 m high. Most varieties are shade-tolerant. Viburnums are spectacular in flowering, fruiting, and also in their variegated autumn attire. How beautiful the viburnum bush looks, look at the photo below:

Viburnum common ( V. opulus) Since ancient times it has been known in Rus' as a healing plant. We treat viburnum with respect; varieties have been bred whose fruits do not have a bitter taste:

"Taiga Rubies"

"Rowanushka"

"Shukshinskaya" etc.

But we are primarily interested in the decorative qualities of viburnum. The Roseum variety with spherical inflorescences of sterile flowers has been widely known for a long time. There are other varieties, for example Variegatum with variegated leaves and Nanum - miniature, no higher than 1 m, form.

Kalina Gordovina ( V. lantana) - a shrub of impressive size with an original appearance. It is drought resistant and shade-tolerant plant with pubescent leaves and a chic crown, decorative all season long. It blooms earlier than the common viburnum and is not as impressive. As the fruits ripen, they change shade from green (through scarlet) to black. All these colors can be observed at the same time. Garden forms with golden and yellow-variegated leaves are bred. Common viburnum is in demand when decorating an estate in the Russian style. The pride is suitable for a lover of garden curiosities. Viburnum - cultivation and care: planted singly and in groups; it is better not to plant anything in close proximity, since the lower branches of the bush can take root and inhibit other plantings.

Description of the viburnum bush

In the wild, the plant is found in any forest or clearing. Viburnum is cultivated as an ornamental shrub and at home, planted near rural houses, in the territories of dachas and even city parks. The plant belongs to the Honeysuckle family; out of 200 known forms, about 60 are actively cultivated. Average duration The life of a tree is 40-60 years (subject to proper care). The distinctive features of the plant are offered in a general description of viburnum - a shrub or slender tree:

• Plants are very diverse in their appearance, parameters of flowers and fruits.
• The arrangement of sheets is usually opposite, individual species– whorled. Stipules are entire.
• The bush blooms with snow-white, occasionally pale pink shields. There are two types of inflorescences - sterile (with a massive perianth) and fruitful (inconspicuous, narrow-tubular).
• The fruits are often bright scarlet, but not always. There are varieties whose berries have orange, black sides or even a bluish coating. The vast majority of varieties have edible fruits.

Every person in Rus' knew how to grow viburnum, because there are many things associated with the plant. folk beliefs, traditions, rituals. Viburnum has long been called the “wedding tree.” The girls presented their chosen ones with festive towels, expertly embroidered in red clusters. Bouquets of fruits, tied with a scarlet ribbon, were placed on the dishes with which the newlyweds treated their dear guests. In the central regions of the country, “kalinniki” have been baked for a long time: pureed berries were placed inside cabbage leaves, after which they were brought to condition in the oven. The finished pie looked like a black cake with a characteristic aroma. Viburnum has always been used in garden design, as well as in the household - comfortable wallets were made from its flexible branches, shoe nails and other necessary little things were made from lignified branches. Fleshy berries They lose their astringency and bitterness after freezing, as well as during drying and thermal processing, when delicious fruit drinks, jams, and marmalade are prepared from them. Everyone knows how to care for viburnum traditional healers, since the fruits of this plant have incredibly beneficial effects on the body:

1. strengthen the immune system;
2. reduce fever;
3. normalize blood pressure;
4. work as a diuretic;
5. harmonize the emotional state;
6. cleanse the blood;
7. eliminate constipation.

Viburnum vulgare is very effective against anemia, hypertension, and neurological disorders. It removes toxic substances and waste from the body. The fruits are safely stored all winter if they are frozen or ground with sugar.

Growing viburnum: planting, care and pruning in spring

Viburnum is propagated in several classical ways, which will be discussed below. At autumn sowing Freshly harvested seeds will sprout within a year. The first couple of years, seedlings grow very slowly, but from the 3rd year this process accelerates noticeably. How to plant viburnum correctly by sowing seeds, read on:

1. The grains are removed from the pulp and washed with running water. Dried seed is suitable for 2 years.
2. Stratified seeds are stored in room climate for 2 months. At this time the roots begin to peck.
3. Containers with seedlings are transported to the basement, where they are kept for 1 month.
4. Then they are picked into special containers, only the roots are buried, and sent to the greenhouse.

From February to March, the development of seedlings continues, they are freed from scales and turn into deciduous seedlings. They can be transferred to a suitable area, where young viburnum will always be located (planting and care in the future are carried out according to the general rules). Vegetative propagation provides an opportunity to save unique characteristics varieties. For many decorative forms, vegetation is the only way of reproduction. To form daughter layers, the shoots are rooted without separating them from the mature bush. Annual healthy growths are bent to fluffy, nutritious, moist soil until the buds open. Fixed with strong metal staples.

When the young shoots developed from the buds reach a height of 10-12 cm, they are spudded. How to properly prune viburnum, or rather its cuttings: in the fall, after the cuttings have taken root well, they are cut off from the mature bush using pruning shears.

It is advisable to propagate decorative varieties by cuttings. Green cuttings taken from a 2-3 year old tree take root well. The material is harvested from June to July, cutting the stems into 10 cm pieces. They must have internodes (at least 2 pieces). The upper cut is made at a right angle, the lower one - obliquely. The cuttings are planted in a greenhouse or portable container under oilcloth. A soil mixture of equal parts of sand and peat is used. How to prepare viburnum cuttings, plant and care for them, look at the photo:

Before planting viburnum, you need to decide on a place where the plant will live comfortably. Most varieties of viburnum exist without problems in conditions of moderate shade. Garden forms It is recommended to plant in open areas of the garden plot, otherwise the bushes will not demonstrate maximum beauty and fertility.

Viburnum Buryat

Grows on fertile soils. This is a shade-tolerant hygrophyte with a highly branched crown. The shrub reaches a height of up to 3 m. Sometimes it looks like a small tree with a spreading crown, a grayish trunk and bare, yellow-gray branches. The leaves are pointed at the apex. The berries are glossy, with black skin and sweet pulp.

Viburnum fork

It is found on Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, where it grows in the mountains and birch undergrowth. Forms dense thickets. This is an ornamental shrub with very attractive, massive leaves, showy white flowers and deep red berries.

After reading the description of the viburnum variety, look at the photo showing this plant.

Kalina Gordovina

Photophilous mesophyte. One of the most popular and beautiful views. Fruits with black, edible berries. It is distinguished by a marbled pattern on wrinkled foliage of a greenish-yellow hue.

Kalina David

Dwarf 1-meter shrub with symmetrical shoots. The crown is neat and grows slowly. This specimen is native to Western China. The variety is valued for its size of 15 x 8 cm, with deep veins. The inflorescences are white and pink, arranged in umbrellas up to 8 cm in diameter. Flowering begins in June. Blue fruits usually ripen by October.

Viburnum serrated

Comes from North America, where it grows near swamps. This is a massive shrub with a dense crown and gray bark. It has sinewy leaves of a round shape, jagged along the edges. The flowers are white, miniature, collected in panicles with a diameter of 6 cm. Flowering occurs in June-July. The fruits are dark blue, medium-sized, numerous, slightly bitter in taste.

Viburnum canadian

Its homeland is Eastern Canada, where it peacefully coexists with deciduous, as well as coniferous trees. This is a tall shrub or slender tree up to 6 m tall, with an oval crown. It is distinguished by broadly oval, shiny leaves pointed at the tops. The milky white flowers are arranged in corymbose racemes. The fruits are bluish-black. Rational care and cultivation, as well as pruning of viburnum are the key to its delicate beauty.

Viburnum (Viburnum) is a shrub from the genus Viburnum, to which about two hundred species belong. They are deciduous bushes and occasionally small trees. In nature, viburnum is red, but some ornamental varieties have yellow and even black berries. It is the beneficial properties of the berries that have contributed to the growing popularity of viburnum as an excellent folk medicine. The fruits of the bush contain iron, ascorbic and valeric acids, and pectin, which is why they are successfully used in the treatment of hypertension, nervous diseases, and also to fight colds.

Viburnum also has decorative properties. The compact tall bush is decorated with white inflorescences in the spring, and in the fall the leaves are colored various colors yellowish and reddish shades, making the bush a wonderful decoration for any garden plot.

Homeland: subtropical and temperate zones of the Eurasian, African and North American continents.

Bloom: last numbers May – early June, 10-20 days.

Growth: moderate.

Light: shade-tolerant, but prefers bright places.

Temperature: frost is destructive for ornamental varieties, but mostly the bushes are frost-resistant.

Watering: moderate, sufficient.

Air humidity: not particularly important.

Fertilizing: before the beginning of the growing season and in the fall before the leaves fall, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used for this.

Pruning: old branches are removed from the bottom of the bush 20 cm above ground level.

Dormant period: winter months.

Transplantation: in spring or autumn.

Reproduction: using cuttings, layering and seeds.

Viburnum flowers

Red viburnum or common viburnum is often found in the wild; it takes root quite easily in garden plots. Most of its varieties are shade-tolerant, but grow better in free places. The bush, as a rule, chooses areas with good moisture. The leaves are opposite and have an entire, palmate-lobed or lobed shape. The flowers are white or pinkish in color, collected in inflorescences; they can be sterile with a large perianth or fertile with a modest flower. The berries are an edible drupe of red, yellow, blue or black flowers. Viburnum is propagated by cuttings, layering or seeds. The bush lives up to 60 years.

Description

The shrub is extremely attractive. Most species bloom in late spring - early summer with large snow-white, pale yellow or pink inflorescences. Lush flowering is quite long, in a couple of species it lasts up to 20 days. Some varieties attract with huge flowers, others - unusual color and aroma.

The foliage of the shrub also attracts attention; red or common viburnum, as well as Sargent and three-lobed ones, have foliage similar in shape to the leaves of the Norway maple. And some species have oval or elliptical leaves, as in the photo. In summer, the foliage has a green color of varying degrees of saturation. With the arrival of autumn, their color changes to warm shades from lemon to carmine, which gives the bush a resemblance to a blazing fire. Such a background sometimes does not allow one to see ripe fruits, which in the majority of species are colored from August, remaining on the bush even in the winter months. Their color can be different, common or red viburnum has fleshy orange or deep red fruits, some decorative varieties have blue or black fruits, and pride and fork viburnum boast clusters of berries in two shades at once - ripe black and unripe red, which looks most impressive and unusual.

Viburnum fruits

Berries can be used for food, but only after they are ripe, and in moderation. Overeating may cause problems with the gastrointestinal tract. The largest taste qualities Viburnum red, three-lobed and Sargent possess, their fruits lose their bitter taste with the first frost and are quite suitable for drying, making jam, jelly or vitamins. The berries not only have high taste properties, but also, due to the presence of useful substances, become a medicine; they are used in folk medicine for a diuretic, diaphoretic, laxative and restorative effect. Some types of chokeberry viburnums are also edible, for example, plum-leaved, bureinskaya, canadian or gourdovina; their fruits have sweet and mealy pulp.

The bush has become the prototype of various decorative forms, which are sometimes completely different from the appearance of their wild counterparts. Some species are distinguished by a beautiful rounded crown; special dwarf species have also been bred, which, due to their small size, look very unusual and beautiful. These cute green “balls” will perfectly decorate the lawn, but they do not have flowers or fruits, as you can see in the photo.

For warmer climates, evergreen varieties have been bred, which can even be trimmed and used as a hedge, but in temperate climates they rarely survive winter; with careful care and shelter, the bush continues to grow, but pruning and flowering are out of the question.

Let's look at the main types of viburnum:

• Viburnum red

Red or common viburnum (Viburnum opulus) is a beautiful deciduous shrub that came to us from Europe and northern Africa. It features snow-white lacy inflorescences, delicious burgundy fruits and colorful yellowish-red foliage in the fall, as in the photo. This large shrub can reach a height of 3 meters and prefers moist and marshy areas, That's why ideal place There will be an area near a pond for planting a bush. Thanks to its beautiful inflorescences and tasty medicinal berries, summer residents have long loved viburnum, planting shrubs on their plots. An important factor is the simplicity and ease of caring for the shrub.

Types of viburnum

• Viburnum bureinskaya

Viburnum burejaeticum (Viburnum burejaeticum) is characteristic of North Korea, northern China and the Primorsky region of Russia. Thanks to its spreading and highly branched crown, up to 3 m high, it is very different from red viburnum, sometimes looking like a small tree, as in the photo. The flowers are small and unsightly, but when ripe the bush is strewn with dark, blue-black berries that have a sweet, mealy taste.

• Viburnum fork

Viburnum fork (Viburnum furcatum) - found in the Republic of Korea and Japan, preferring mountain slopes covered with mixed or coniferous forests. The species forms a dense undergrowth, and in fires it turns into real thickets. It has great decorative value: large leaves, large snow-white flowers and red berries. The foliage has an unusual brown-red hue in the spring, which turns to purple with the addition of veins in the fall. Thanks to this, the shrub is often used to decorate garden plots, as in the photo.

• Kalina David

Viburnum David (Viburnum davidii) - naturally distributed in Western China. This shrub is classified as dwarf and evergreen, which is confirmed by the photo. It reaches a height of no more than 1 m, but in diameter it can grow up to two. Compact crown with large, leathery, elliptical, deep-veined, dark green evergreen leaves. The bush blooms with pinkish inflorescences up to 7-8 cm in diameter, the berries have an unusual blue color and ripen by mid-autumn.

• Kalina Buldenezh

Viburnum Buldenezh (Viburnum Boule de Neige) is a bush with unusual, large bright white inflorescences 14-15 cm long. When flowering, a 2-3 meter shrub seems strewn with snowballs; on an adult tree there can be up to four hundred inflorescences at the same time, under the weight of whose branches sag and droop, as in the photo. Viburnum Buldenezh does not produce fruit due to its sterility, however, its popularity is enormous due to its high decorative value, which is why summer residents love it so much. The shrub propagates by layering and cuttings; the species does not require excessive care; it is advisable to choose an open, damp, not too sunny place. To form a beautiful crown, the bush should be pruned annually.

Viburnum care

• Viburnum canadian

Viburnum lentago (Viburnum lentago) is a shrub native to eastern Canada that grows in natural conditions along rivers and in marshy lands, filling the second layer of coniferous and deciduous forests. It has a height of about 5-6 meters, and is more like a tree. The ovoid crown is formed by wide leaves with jagged edges, reaching a length of more than 10 cm; the color of the foliage in the summer months is bright green; with the arrival of autumn, the leaves turn a rich red hue. Lush inflorescences 12 cm long contain fertile flowers, which in the fall turn into edible bluish-black fruits, an example can be seen in the photo.

• Kalina Nanum

Viburnum nanum (Viburnum nanum) – dwarf decorative look, is distinguished by its small height of up to 1 meter and small carved leaves of a reddish hue, as in the photo. The shrub has no color and attracts with its beautiful foliage and compact size, which is very convenient to use for decorating lawns. Viburnum of this species is unpretentious to care, but in severe frosts it can freeze.

• Viburnum vulgare Xanthocarpum

Common viburnum Xanthocarpum (Viburnum opulus Xanthocarpum) is a rather rare species of viburnum, distinguished by its fruits yellow and large serrated leaves, as in the photo. The shrub reaches a height of 1.5 meters, and the crown can grow up to 2.5 meters in diameter.

Red viburnum (viburnum viburnum) belongs to the honeysuckle family. In nature it grows in temperate and subtropical zones. Viburnum grows in Europe, Asia, Africa, in Russian Federation, there are about 150 species of viburnum.

Viburnum is a perennial bush or small tree reaching 4 meters. The leaves are suprous, less often whorled, with stipules, entire. The flowers are white, pink, creamy-white, which are collected in brushes. The fruits are red or blue-black. Most perennial species begin to bloom in late May, early June. The root of the plant is fibrous.

• Viburnum common or red

  A sprawling, vertically growing bush or tree up to 4–5 meters in height, forms thickets. The bush has gray-brown, red bark with cracks. Its leaves are large, three or five-layered, wide, ovate. Its flowers are white and massive. The fruits are shiny, red, round, edible. The seeds have a flat, heart-shaped shape. Viburnum viburnum has a massive root system, which is located on the surface. Common viburnum does not tolerate drought, heat, and is not afraid of flooding.

• Viburnum black (pride)

  Dense, massive bush up to 5 meters, with a spreading crown. Black viburnum is covered with small white fibers. Its bush has leaves that are ovoid-oval, wrinkled, and wide. The bush blooms with creamy-white flowers, the fruits are edible, shiny, at first red and then turn black. Viburnum grows in Asia Minor, North America, the North Caucasus, and Southern Europe.

• Viburnum canadian

  Bush or tree up to 6 meters with an ovoid crown. Its leaves are smooth, pointed, wide, oval in shape. Its flowers are creamy-white and small in size. The fruits are first green, then turn blue - black, edible. Viburnum grows in the USA and Canada.

• Viburnum Buryat (Burinskaya)

  A highly branching bush up to 3 meters with an openwork, spreading crown. The leaves are ovate, with sharp teeth along the edge. The top is dark green, the bottom is lighter. The flowers are white-yellow, the fruits are black, edible. Viburnum grows in China, Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories, North Korea.

• Kalina Sergenta

  Multi-branched bush up to 4 meters. Its leaves are on elongated petioles and have deep veins that are located in the center. The flowers are massive, the fruits are deep red. Viburnum grows in Northern China, Japan, and Korea. Also on the territory of Russia - in the Far East, in Eastern Siberia, on the island of Sakhalin.

• Kalina Reita

  Densely branched bush up to 2.5 meters. Its leaves are ovate, serrated along the edges, green on top, light green underneath. The flowers are white, the fruits are round, deep red. Viburnum grows in Korea, Japan, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands.

• Folded viburnum

  The bush is up to 3 meters, its leaves are massive, oval in shape with multiple veins. The inflorescences consist of two suppository buds. Grows in China, Japan.

• Viburnum three-layer

  Bush up to 4 - 5 meters, with an openwork crown. The leaves are three-layered, light green in color. The fruits are scarlet and edible, reminiscent of red currants. Viburnum grows in North America.

• Edible

  Shrub up to 1.5 meters, grows in mountainous forests. The fruits are edible and red.

• Viburnum laurel leaf (evergreen)

  Evergreen shrub up to 3 meters. Its leaves are leathery and elliptical in shape. The flowers are fragrant, pinkish, the berries are ovoid, in the shape of a ball. The berries are blue-black in color.

• Kalina David

  Evergreen bush up to a meter in height. The leaves are green, leathery, the berries are blue.

Useful properties

Viburnum viburnum is a red berry that has healing properties. The seeds and bark of viburnum contain benefits in the form of essential oils, pectin, and tannins. The berries are rich in beta-keratin and viburins. The berries contain ascorbic acid, which is why viburnum is used for colds and to improve immunity. Viburnum is suitable for colds in the form of juice from fresh berries.

The seeds have invigorating, tonic properties, stimulate the functioning of the intestinal tract, and help with constipation. If dried, crushed, perhaps consumed instead of coffee.

The benefit of viburnum lies in its content of organic acids, phytoncides, and amino acids.

The benefit lies in the content of trace elements: iodine, manganese, copper, strontium, potassium and others.

Benefits of viburnum:

• Antifever (viburnum for colds);
• Astringent;
• Antibacterial;
• Expectorants (viburnum for cough);
• Diuretic (for some kidney diseases);
• Strengthening (to increase immunity);
• Calming.

The benefits lie not only in fresh, but also in dried and frozen berries. The benefit of viburnum is that it cures many diseases (liver, kidney, stomach, cysts and skin diseases). The benefit of viburnum is that it can normalize blood pressure, pulse, and has a choleretic effect.

It helps relieve vascular spasm, strengthens the walls, and has a positive effect on brain performance. The juice helps cure allergies, helps get rid of colitis, hemorrhoids, cough, and kidney cysts.

During pregnancy, viburnum reduces the threat of miscarriage, helps cope with cramping pain, and cure cysts. Viburnum during pregnancy improves the tone of the uterus, which subsequently facilitates labor. Viburnum is a healthy drink during pregnancy; it strengthens the immune system, which is important during pregnancy, since the immune system is weakened and there is a risk of infectious diseases. How viburnum is useful for the immune system - it contains vitamins and microelements that create a protective barrier against infection.

Application

Red viburnum medicinal properties and description of the plant have been known since ancient times. All parts are used for medicinal purposes - flowers, leaves, bark, fruits down to the seeds. The use of viburnum in folk medicine in the form of decoction, infusion, tea, and juice.

Fresh berries have a laxative effect, the infusion is useful for hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stomach diseases. For liver diseases, to cure cysts, to improve immunity.

Recipes: boiled berries with honey. Fresh berries are brewed with 200 ml of water, simmered over low heat for 15 minutes, and viburnum honey is added for coughs and cardiac edema. Viburnum is used for coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia, to strengthen the immune system, and the berries are infused with hot honey.

Recipes suggest pouring boiled water over a handful of berries, then letting them sit, then consuming 1/3 of a mug, 4 times a day, this is viburnum for coughs. Helps with hypertension, liver diseases, hoarseness, and to strengthen the immune system.

Folk recipes suggest using the plant against hysteria, edema and hypertension in the form of a decoction - 200 ml of water per spoon of berries, then leave and consume daily. For breast cancer, recipes recommend using a berry poultice.

For acne, lichen, and eczema, traditional medicine recipes suggest an infusion of the plant (grind 20–30 berries, add 200 ml of water, then consume ½ cup). For neurasthenia and polyposis, folk recipes recommend an infusion of 4 tbsp. spoons of berries per 0.5 liters of water; traditional medicine also offers recipes in the form of 2 tbsp. spoons of berries per 200 ml of water, boil over low heat.

For suffocation, colds, to increase immunity, for liver diseases, cysts, treatment with viburnum using folk methods offers recipes: grind dry bark and brew 200 ml of water. For uterine bleeding, ovarian cysts, hemorrhoidal bleeding, traditional medicine recommends infusion recipes - a cup of water for a tablespoon of bark, boiled over low heat for 30 minutes, after which it is taken orally.

The plant helps with internal bleeding, hypertension, stomach ulcers, and kidney cysts. In particular, the flowers of the plant are useful for stomach diseases; viburnum is used for blood pressure.

Viburnum juice is used to improve immunity. Used for skin diseases, diseases of the liver, stomach, kidneys, if there are cysts. Diluted juice can be used for rinsing oral cavity, throat, sore throat, hoarse voice. Juice mixed with honey is useful for thrush in children; it is used to lubricate the mouth.

Juice obtained from viburnum fruits can be used against skin rashes, fresh juice used for headaches. Traditional medicine recipes for juice with honey are used as an antitumor medicine (for breast cancer).

Viburnum juice cleanses the skin, has a whitening effect, and with prolonged use, the juice gets rid of acne.

In children, viburnum viburnum treats diathesis; for this, young shoots with buds are needed, brewed with water, and placed on low heat for 3 - 4 hours. Store the resulting decoction in a dark place and give children 1 teaspoon three times a day. In children, during treatment, exclude salty and sour foods from the diet.

For hypertension, the following recipes are used:

1. The benefit of juice is that it thins the blood, resulting in lower blood pressure. For hypertension, you should consume 2–3 tbsp daily. spoons before meals.
2. For hypertension, it is possible to consume fresh or frozen berries.
3. A drink made from the fruits of red viburnum is useful for hypertension.

A decoction of the plant's seeds is used for indigestion and to prevent stomach cancer. Viburnum juice is consumed for ulcers and gastritis of the stomach, to increase immunity, and for cysts in the kidney.

With the help of seeds, stones are removed from the kidneys and gall bladder; to do this, swallow 10-15 seeds every day until the stones or sand come out of the kidneys. For kidney disease, the bark of the plant is used in the form of a decoction. To cure cysts in the kidney and ovaries, use the juice of the plant. Decoctions are suitable for “removing” cysts. Viburnum juice from fresh fruits get rid of cysts if used for a long time.

Contraindications

Includes viburnum beneficial properties and contraindications. Viburnum is harmful to health when there is increased blood clotting. Viburnum is harmful to health due to increased stomach acidity; it is contraindicated for people with low blood pressure. Not recommended for use by persons with serious chronic diseases of the kidneys or circulatory system (leukemia, thrombophlebitis).

The description of viburnum says that it includes medicinal properties. The benefits of the plant are enormous; its medicinal properties will help cure many diseases and strengthen the immune system. Viburnum and medicines can be combined to quickly cure the disease.

Viburnum opulus L.
Taxon: family Adoxaceae ( Adoxaceae)
Other names: common red, red viburnum, (Ukrainian) bambara, balbanezha, pride, red-hot, kalenina, karina, sviba
English: Guelder Rose, European Cranberrybusch

The Latin name of this plant is found in the works of Virgil and comes from the Latin word vimen, which translated means vine, twig, or wickerwork, since thanks to its long and flexible branches, viburnum was used for weaving baskets and wreaths. This plant received its Slavic name “” for the color of the fruit, similar to the color of hot iron. Species scientific name plants comes from the word opulus, which in ancient times was called maple, and this plant for its maple-like leaves.

Botanical taxonomy

According to the modern classification (since 2003), the common viburnum belongs to the genus Viburnum Viburnum L., part of the Adoxaceae family ( Adoxaceae). Previously, this genus was included in the genus Honeysuckle - Caprifoliaceae. However, in 1987, the Armenian taxonomist Takhtajyan, due to the significant difference in the perianth, separated a separate family Viburnum from the honeysuckles.
Systematically, the genus Viburnum L. divided into 9 sections, among which 3 species grow in Ukraine.
IN natural conditions grows 5 forms of viburnum, which are widely used in landscaping environment and are cultivated in Ukraine as ornamental shrubs.
1. Dwarf form, small in size, small leaves and compact crown.
2. Fluffy form that has original leaves. The leaves are bare, dark green above, grayish-green below due to the thick fluff.
3. Variegated form. The leaves of this form have a decorative appearance due to their whitish-bright color.
4. Sterile form, which has better decorative effect. The inflorescence of this form consists of sterile flowers forming a spherical shape. This form does not set fruit and reproduces only vegetatively.
5. Yellow-fruited form. A bush that differs from other forms of viburnum in the golden-yellow color of the fruits (Solodukhin E.D., 1985).
Viburnum leaves and fruits decorate the streets of cities and villages, parks and squares.

Description

A tall branched bush or small deciduous tree 2-4 m high with grayish-brown bark. The shoots are bare, less often ribbed, greenish, sometimes with a reddish tint. Leaves are opposite, up to 10 cm long. Their plate is 3-5 lobed with a heart-shaped base, dark green on the upper side, glabrous, grayish-green on the lower side, slightly pubescent along the veins, with two filiform stipules and two disc-shaped sessile glands, the petioles are long.
Fragrant flowers are collected in flat shield-shaped inflorescences on the tops of young shoots. The marginal flowers are large, sterile, the middle ones are small, bisexual. Calyx with five teeth, corolla (up to 5 mm in diameter) five-parted, five stamens, one pistil, short style, inferior ovary. The flowers are white or pinkish-white.
The fruits are berry-shaped red, oval drupes (6.5-14 mm long and 4.5-12 mm wide), containing a flat, hard stone stained with red juice.
Viburnum blooms from late May to July, the fruits ripen in August-September. Viburnum is a fast-growing tree. Its annual growth reaches 30-40 cm. Viburnum lives up to fifty years of age.

In addition to viburnum, raw materials from black viburnum, or pride (Viburnum lantana L.), originally from America. This species is a deciduous tree with dark gray bark, ovate, oblong-ovate or elliptical densely pubescent leaves and black-colored fruits. This type of viburnum is grown mainly in parks and gardens, as ornamental plant.

Spreading

Viburnum has a Euro-Siberian habitat. In the wild it grows in central and southern Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, the European part of Russia, mainly in its middle part. It is less common in the north and west of Russia. Found in Western and Central Siberia, as well as in eastern and northern regions Kazakhstan. In Central Asia and the Far East, viburnum does not grow in the wild.
Viburnum is a plant of forest and forest-steppe zones; in steppe regions it is found only in river valleys. Viburnum is a common plant of forest cenoses; it grows scatteredly as part of the undergrowth, mainly in damp coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, in clearings, in thickets, in clearings, along the banks of rivers, lakes and swamps. Viburnum practically does not form pure thickets.

Collection and preparation of medicinal plant materials

Official (plants used medicinally) medicinal raw materials Viburnum viburnum in Ukraine, Russia and Belarus is the bark - Cortex Viburni and fruits - Fructus Viburni. In most European countries, medicinal raw materials from viburnum are unofficial and are not used in scientific and practical medicine.
The bark is collected from young shoots in April-May, during sap flow, before buds open, when it is easily separated from the wood. Using a sharp knife, semi-circular cuts are made on the trunk and branches at a distance of 20-25 cm from each other, which are then connected with longitudinal cuts. Ring cuts should not be made, as this can lead to the death of the plant. The bark is dried in air and then dried in a dryer at a temperature of 50-60 ºС or in attics, under sheds, spread in a thin layer. When drying, the raw materials are periodically turned over and care is taken that parts of the bark are not inserted into one another, otherwise the raw materials will mold and rot. Drying is considered complete when the raw material breaks easily when bent.

The fruits are collected in September-October, cut with knives or pruning shears, and placed in baskets. Dry in ovens or dryers at a temperature of 50-60 °C. Then they are threshed and sorted, separating the branches and stalks. Dry fruits are packaged in bags weighing 20, 30, 40 kg and stored in dry, well-ventilated areas on racks.

In addition to bark and fruits, viburnum seeds are also used. To obtain seeds, they use fruits that are obtained after processing the fruits. The seeds are separated from the pulp mainly by hand, washed several times with water on a sieve, and then dried in the shade at a temperature not exceeding 40 ° C. The seed yield is 6-10% of the weight of the fruit.

It should be noted that the reserves of viburnum fruits in the forests are insignificant, therefore the procurement of fruits, as well as viburnum bark, is carried out mainly from cultivated forms of viburnum grown on plantations. In silvicultural practice, viburnum is mainly propagated by seeds, from which seedlings grow. The seedlings are subsequently transplanted to the prepared area. To prepare high quality planting material It is necessary to sow high-quality seeds from well-ripened fruits.

Biologically active substances viburnum

For the first time, data on the study of the chemical composition of viburnum were published in 1844 by H. Kremer, who reported that he isolated the bitter substance viburnin from the bark of viburnum viburnum. Later, H. van Allen in 1880 and T. Shenmann in 1897 also reported the isolation of a similar glycoside from the bark of Viburnum plum, which had both an antispastic effect and stopped uterine bleeding. Later, a similar glycoside was isolated by E. Cowmann Donijov in 1902 from the leaves Viburnum tinus and bark Viburnum rufidulum Raf, Viburnum alnifolium Marsh. And Viburnum trilobum L. In 1976, G. Vigorova and co-authors reported the presence of viburnin in fruits Viburnum opulus L. At the same time, the glycoside viburnine was isolated in the form of a yellow-orange amorphous powder, which had a melting point of 65 to 72 °C. In addition, this glycoside tasted bitter and had a specific odor reminiscent of valeric acid. Hydrolysis of the isolated glycoside yielded glucose and mannose, as well as formic, acetic, valeric and isovaleric acids. The aglycone (non-carbohydrate portion of the glycoside molecule) of the above glycoside was obtained as a brownish fatty liquid.
Currently, most phytochemists believe that the main biologically active substances of viburnum bark, which determine the specific pharmacological activity of drugs created on the basis of this raw material, are iridoids (biologically active phytochemicals, which, unlike flavonoids, are rarely found in fruits) and glycosides.
Up to 9 compounds of iridoid structure have been identified in the viburnum bark; they are called opulusiridoids. It has been established that the quantitative content of the sum of iridoids in the bark of viburnum varies widely, from 2.73 to 5.73%.
Conducted studies of the quantitative composition of iridoids show that during long-term storage of viburnum bark, the total content of iridoids remains quite high, ranging from 2.5 to 4.4%. Qualitative changes are not so significant that they affect the pharmacological activity of drugs obtained from the specified raw materials, therefore viburnum bark can be stored for up to 5 years (Ivanov V.D., Ladygina E.Ya, 1985).

In 1972, J. A. Nicholson et al. A specific substance was isolated from an aqueous extract of the bark of viburnum, which was given the name viopudial. Based on the results of spectroscopic and elemental analyses, it was established that viopudial is an ester of isovaleric acid and sesquiterpene alcohol, which has two aldehyde groups and two double bonds.
R. P. Godeau et al. in 1978 from leaves Viburnum tinus Using chromatography in thin layers of sorbent, a substance was identified that gave a positive reaction to esters with hydroxylamine and dinitrophenylhydrazine. After acid hydrolysis of the isolated substance, an individual compound was obtained. This substance was named viburtinal. It should be noted that a similar substance with a similar structure was isolated from the rhizomes of Valeriana wallachii.

It has been established that the bark of Viburnum vulgaris of domestic origin contains blood clotting factor, or vitamin K, which is considered as a compound that has a hemostatic effect. By spectrophotometric method it was established that the quantitative content in viburnum bark is 28-31 µg/g.
Viburnum fruits have also been studied in the phytochemical aspect.
In addition to vitamin K, viburnum fruits are a source of ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, and carotenoids.
Gentselova T.M. and Prilep V.L., when studying the effect of heat treatment on the preservation of carotene and vitamin C in viburnum fruits, they found that ascorbic acid is less resistant to temperature conditions compared to carotene. So, when drying fruits at a temperature of 65 ° C, vitamin C was retained by only 50%. When fruits were processed at a temperature of 75 °C, only up to 12.7% of this vitamin was stored (T. M. Gentselova, V. L. Prilepa).
The fruits of Viburnum viburnum contain up to 3% organic acids (acetic, formic, isovaleric, caprylic). It has been studied that the essential fraction of Viburnum viburnum fruit contains ursolic, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids. Of these, chlorogenic acid predominates, its content reaches 69 mg%.
Carotene predominates in the carotene fraction. Among the flavonoid compounds, viburnum contains astragalin, amentoflavone and peonoside. Phenolic compounds of fruits are represented by leucoanthocyanins, flavonols, catechins, anthocyanins, and phenolcarboxylic acids. The content of catechins in fruits is up to 96 mg%, and the number of catechins that precipitate protein is 80% less than the number of those that do not precipitate it, which indicates the predominance of monomeric forms of polyphenols. Also, up to 1% of tannins and coloring compounds were found in viburnum fruits. In addition to the above compounds, viburnum contains resinous substances 6.12 - 7.26%, organic acids - up to 2% (in terms of malic acid) and sugars - up to 6.5% (after inversion). The bark contains choline-like substances in amounts up to 20 mg%
As a result of chromatographic study of ethanol extracts from viburnum bark, chlorogenic, neochlorogenic and caffeic acid were isolated and identified.

Viburnum bark is a source of tannins. In commercial samples of viburnum bark, the content of tannins ranges from 4.48% to 8.60%, which depends on meteorological conditions. They mainly consist of pyrocatechol derivatives.

When studying the chemical composition of viburnum, from 5 to 6.5% of triterpene saponins were found in it. Triterpene saponins in viburnum bark are contained both in free storage and in the form of glycosides.
The fruits also contain up to 32% polysaccharides in terms of dry weight. In addition, viburnum fruits contain up to 2.5% pectin substances, which include galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose in a ratio of 5.8: 2.6: 1.2: 1.7: 1.0, respectively .
The energy value of viburnum fruits is due to the presence of protein components and lipids in them. The amino acid composition of viburnum proteins is represented by serine, glutamic and aspartic acids, alanine, arginine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, proline and threonine. Up to 21% fatty oil is found in the seeds of the fruit. According to P.D. Berezovikov, viburnum fruit oil contains 0.25% myristic, 1.5% palmitic, 0.63% palmitooleic, 0.6% stearic, 46.71% oleic and 50.14% linolenic acids. According to V.D. Ivanov, the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the seeds differs from viburnum fruits and contains 0.3% myristic, 4.3% palmitic, 2.3% stearic, 34.6% oleic, 56.8% linolenic and a small amount of linoleic , lignoceric, cerotinic, arachidonic and behenic acids.
The fruits also contain a high content of potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese (0.2 mg%), zinc (0.6 mg%) and selenium, and the ability of viburnum fruits to accumulate selenium has been established. The fruits also contain nickel, bromine, strontium, lead and iodine.

In heat-treated fruits, compared to fresh ones, the chemical composition changes significantly. Thus, the amount of pectin substances decreases by 21.2%, sugars - by 6.1%, and the loss of ascorbic acid reaches 94%. When steaming viburnum fruits, a loss of P-vitamin activity occurs and the fruits acquire a light brown color.
It has been established that the pulp of viburnum fruits contains a significant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. When comparing the sum of saturated acids and the sum of unsaturated acids, the following ratio was obtained: in the bark - 5.7: 4.3; in leaves - 4.7: 5.3; in fruits - 0.6: 9.4 and in seeds - 0.3: 9.7. When comparing quality composition and the quantitative content of fatty acids in the lipids of whole fruits with the lipids of viburnum seeds, it was established that the oil obtained from the fruits and seeds of viburnum is the most unsaturated (Ivanov V.D., Ivanov V.P., Bobylev et al., 1984)

Use of viburnum in medicine

Viburnum has long been used in traditional and folk medicine. The fruits of viburnum have been used in medicine since the Middle Ages. The first mentions of its healing properties appeared in the herbal books of Hildergard and Albert the Great in the 14th century. The meager lines of the herbalists Lonitseri (1528-1580), Hieronymus Bosca (1498-1554) and Mattioli (1504-1577) indicate the use of viburnum fruits for nausea, diarrhea and as a cleanser. Later, in herbalists of the 17th - 18th centuries, data were given on the use of viburnum fruits for diseases of the heart, kidneys and stomach. But only from the beginning of the first half of the twentieth century. Viburnum began to be used as a medicine. Traditional medicine widely uses a warm decoction of fruits with honey for colds, coughs, prolonged hoarseness and chronic bronchitis. Fresh fruits, pureed with sugar, are recommended for nervous excitement and atherosclerosis. Decoctions and infusions of dried fruits are used for asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, ascites, cholecystitis, hepatitis, and colitis. In dermatology and cosmetics, fresh viburnum fruit juice is used for vasculitis, impetigo, psoriasis, childhood eczema and age spots on the face.

In Ukrainian folk medicine, viburnum fruit juice is used to prevent breast diseases, in particular tumors. Viburnum juice is used to wipe the face for acne in young men. An infusion of viburnum flowers is used as an astringent for diarrhea, to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, for coughs and hoarseness, for cholelithiasis and kidney stones, atherosclerosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. An infusion of viburnum flowers is used for scrofula and skin rashes.

A decoction of viburnum bark is used to prevent miscarriages and as an anti-fever remedy instead of the overseas cinchona bark.

Viburnum fruits have a tonic effect and improve heart function. Tea made from fresh berries and an infusion of dried fruits are recommended for use as an antifever and diaphoretic.

A decoction of viburnum fruit seeds is used as an astringent for dyspepsia. A water decoction of the seeds is also taken orally to prevent carbuncles, eczema, and rashes on the body.

IN Ancient Rus' Viburnum juice was used to treat breast cancer. Later, traditional medicine used viburnum juice for skin cancer and fibroids. There is evidence of popular treatment of stomach and uterine cancer with viburnum fruits. It is believed that systematic consumption of viburnum fruits improves the well-being of patients and has a good effect on malignant tumors of the digestive organs. Positive results have been obtained in the complex treatment of oncological diseases, diathesis and gastric ulcers using preparations from viburnum fruits.

As an official medicinal product, Viburnum vulgare was first introduced into the USSR in the 7th edition in 1925, together with Viburnum viburnum bark, as a substitute for the specified imported raw materials. It was later excluded from subsequent pharmacopoeias of the former USSR. Instead, Viburnum bark was independently included in the VIII, IX, X and XI editions of the USSR Pharmacopoeia.

In folk medicine, viburnum fruits and flowers are often used. A water decoction is drunk for coughs, shortness of breath, sclerosis, and stomach diseases. For diathesis, eczema and skin tuberculosis in children, they are given this decoction to drink, and they also bathe the children in it. For heart disease and hypertension good remedy are berries along with seeds. They are also used in cases of cough, shortness of breath, kidney disease, stomach disease, and as a diaphoretic. Viburnum berries brewed with honey are used for diseases, especially coughs. respiratory tract, and also as a sedative for pain during menstruation.

The fruits of viburnum are considered a good diaphoretic and sedative. Used in the form of tea. One tablespoon of fruit is brewed with a glass of boiling water and taken 0.5 cup 3 times a day after meals.

Pharmacological properties

According to most researchers, the wide range of pharmacological activity of most viburnum preparations is due to various groups of biologically active substances.

A. S. Smirnova, T. N. Vashchenko (1969) indicate that viburnum juice in 7% concentration has a detrimental effect on typhoid and dysentery bacilli, as well as on the causative agent of anthrax.

An infusion of flowers and leaves of viburnum in 5% and 10% concentrations exhibits an antimicrobial effect, although this activity is significantly inferior to the antibiotics chloramphenicol and tetracycline in a dose-dependent concentration (D. I. Ibragimov, A. B. Kazanskaya, 1981).

The antimicrobial effect was tested against a daily agar culture of 13 pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms for humans. A total of 1728 experiments were carried out. The research results showed that 10% and 5% infusions of Viburnum flowers have a pronounced antimicrobial effect against Sarcina, lemon yellow Staphylococcus and pseudoanthrax bacillus, and the same concentrations of infusions from Viburnum leaves are effective against Proteus and lemon yellow Staphylococcus. Salmonella typhoid and paratyphoid A and B, Staphylococcus aureus were slightly sensitive to these drugs. A decoction of viburnum bark showed a weak antimicrobial effect against some of the above microorganisms or did not have this property at all. In the studied drugs, at concentrations below 5%, the antimicrobial effect decreased.

A parallel study of the sensitivity of microorganisms to chloramphenicol and tetracycline showed that viburnum preparations are inferior to the above antibiotics.

It has been experimentally established that viburnum fruits have a bactericidal and phytoncidal effect and exhibit a strong inhibitory activity on Trichomonas and Giardia. Experimental studies on animals have shown that extracts from the fruit have a cardiotonic effect similar to digitalis preparations. Except medicinal properties the fruits are valuable dietary product.

The pharmacological activity of viburnoside was determined by studying its effect on the contractility of the isolated uterine horn and, in addition, the hemostatic effect of the drug was studied. Statistically processed results showed that viburnoside affects the contractility of the isolated cat uterine horn, causing an increase in the amplitude and slowdown of contractions, as well as a decrease in muscle tone.

The effect of aqueous extracts of viburnum on the blood clotting process was studied in studies on dogs. The drugs were given to the animals orally at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg. Blood for the study was taken from a vein before administration of the drug and 1.5 hours after administration.
The results obtained, processed by the method of variation statistics, showed that viburnoside has an accelerating effect on the blood coagulation process. Viburnoside reduces blood clotting time by 46.2% and causes a significant (69.6%) increase in blood thromboplastic activity. The drug has a blocking effect on the anticoagulant system, causing a decrease in fibrinolytic activity by 48.6% and a decrease in heparin content by 21.1%.

In experiments on dogs, the hypotensive and sedative effects of viburnum preparations were established. Under local anesthesia (15-20 ml of 0.25% novocaine solution), the femoral artery and femoral vein were exposed in dogs. A cannula was inserted into the femoral artery to record blood pressure with a mercury manometer, and the test substance was injected into the femoral vein. Breathing was recorded using Marey's capsule through a cuff placed on the dog's chest. First, we tested the effect on dogs of decoctions prepared from viburnum bark in a ratio of 1:10. The studied decoctions were administered at the rate of 1 ml per kg of animal weight. Statistically reliable experiments have shown that a decoction of viburnum bark has a pronounced hypotensive effect, slows down the heart rate, and increases the respiratory amplitude. Maximum blood pressure immediately after administration of the decoction decreases by 32 mm, followed by a gradual slight increase over the course of an hour, without reaching the initial level. The greatest hypotensive effect was obtained with the administration of novogalenic drug. The maximum blood pressure decreases by 92 mm immediately after administration, with a gradual increase over the course of an hour, without returning to the original level.
In all cases, 3-5 minutes after the administration of the viburnum preparation or bark decoction, they exerted a sedative effect on the dogs, which lasted 35-40 minutes.

Toxicology, side effects and contraindications for use

The resulting preparations from the fruits, flowers, bark and leaves of Viburnum vulgare, as well as the resulting novogalenic drug viburnoside and its two forms, when tested for toxicity, showed that they are all non-toxic (Smirova A. S., 1967). Studies have shown that liquid extract of viburnum bark, obtained in 50% alcohol, is non-toxic.

Clinical pharmacology

Viburnum viburnum is used quite widely. The fruits have a good tonic effect, improve heart function, and increase urine output. and their infusion is recommended for colds as an antipyretic and diaphoretic.

Viburnum flowers are also used as an antipyretic. For 1 cup of boiling water, take 1 teaspoon of viburnum flowers and leave for 10 minutes. Drink 2-3 glasses a day.

An infusion of viburnum fruits, flowers and leaves is used to gargle for sore throats and wash wounds; the juice from the berries is used to remove acne on the face.

Of the preparations of viburnum bark, a liquid extract is most often used, and less often a decoction. They are used as a hemostatic agent mainly for uterine bleeding. The glycoside viburnin, contained in the bark, enhances the tone of the uterus and has some vasoconstrictor effect. Externally, a decoction of the bark is used for nosebleeds.

In dentistry, the vasoconstrictor, antiseptic and hemostatic effects of the fruits and bark of viburnum are used.

To make an infusion of fruits, 1-2 tablespoons of berries are ground, brewed with boiling water (1 glass), left for 1 hour, filtered and rinsed in the mouth.

Freshly squeezed viburnum juice with the addition of honey is used to treat coughs at home (Grochowski W., 1986).

For catarrhal gingivitis, stomatitis, and periodontal disease, an infusion of viburnum bark is used. Brew one tablespoon of bark with 1 glass of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes and filter. Used as a mouth rinse.

It was also noticed that extractive substances are released more slowly than individual biologically active substances (tannins, glycosides and vitamin K) and the slowdown in the process of release of extractive substances occurs only after 6 days, while tannins, glycosides and vitamin K obvious after 4 days. Thus, there is no need to continue the percolation process for more than 4 days.

It is advantageous, next to or instead of a liquid extract, to have a more purified total preparation, which would contain mainly only those substances to which the specific action of viburnum bark is attributed.

It is believed that these are glycosides, the complex of which was named viburnin back in 1844 by H. Kremer. After isolating the glycoside fraction from viburnum bark and testing it on cats, it was proven that glycosides exhibit a more active uterine effect than the official extract. This circumstance served as the basis for obtaining a new galenic preparation of viburnum bark with a focus on the content of the glycoside fraction in it.

Novogalenic drug is a light yellow aqueous solution glycosides with a bitter taste and specific odor. It was named “viburnoside”. The resulting drug was poured into ampoules of 3.5 and 10 ml, which were sterilized at 100 °C for 30 minutes. Along with the production of an ampoule preparation, a preparation was also prepared for oral use. 25° alcohol was used as a solvent for glycosides instead of water. The finished drug was poured into dark glass bottles with a capacity of 50, 100, 200 ml. When stored for a year at room temperature, no visible changes occurred. Depending on the content of glycosides in the viburnum bark, their content in the preparation ranges from 0.50 to 0.80%. Obviously, for the drug the norm of glycoside content should be at least 0.50%.

Medications

1. Aplonne P(OB Pharma - France). Alcohol-water solution for internal use in a 150 ml bottle, 100 ml which contains a mixture of extracts from:
Aphloia madagascariensis Clos- 500 mg;
witch hazel ( Hamamelis virginiana L.) - 500 mg;
goldenseal ( Hydrastis Canadensis L.) - 250 mg;
Piscidia erythrina L.- 500 mg;
viburnum viburnum ( Viburnum prunifolium L.) - 400 mg;
Esculoside ( Aesculoside) - 40 mg.

Used in the treatment of symptoms of venolymphatic insufficiency, in particular varicose veins. Take 2 teaspoons before meals.

2. Climaxol(Lehning - France). A solution for internal use in a dropper bottle containing a mixture of tinctures made in the ratio of raw alcohol-water solution 1: 10. 100 ml of solution contains:
hamamelis tincture ( Hamamelis virginiana L.) - 28 ml;
butcher's broom tincture ( Ruscus aculeatus L.) - 28 ml;
tincture - 28 ml;
Canadian goldenseal tincture ( Hydrastis Canadensis L.) - 8 ml;
viburnum tincture ( Viburnum prunifolium L.) - 8 ml;

Used for symptoms of venolymphatic and capillary insufficiency of the legs in women during menopause. Take 35 drops 3 times a day before meals with a small amount of water.

3. Cortex Viburni - viburnum bark. (JSC “Ivan-chai”, Russia). Crushed viburnum bark in packs of 100g. Used as a decoction ( Decoctum cortices Viburni) 10 g (1 tablespoon) of bark is placed in enamel dishes, pour 200 ml (1 glass) of boiling water, close the lid and heat in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes, after which the contents of the vessel are cooled, filtered, and the raw materials are squeezed out. Add water to the finished broth to 200 ml. The prepared broth is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. Take 1 - 2 tbsp. spoons 3-4 times a day after meals, as a hemostatic and antiseptic in the postpartum period, with uterine bleeding caused by gynecological diseases.

4. Digestodoron(Weleda SA, France). A solution in 30 ml dropper bottles containing a polyextract made in 20% alcohol from the following raw materials per 100 ml:
rhizomes of male fern (Dryopteris filix mas) - 4 g;
Polypodium- 1 g;
Pteridium- 4 g;
Scolopendrium- 1 g;
Salix alba- 2 g;
Salix purpurea- 2 g;
Salix viminalis- 4 g;
Salix villina- 2 years

Used for recurrent digestive disorders, accompanied by heartburn, high and low acidity. Take 10-20 drops 3 times a day for 15 minutes. before meals.

5. Fluon(Rabi & Solabo, France). Solution in 75 ml bottles. 100 ml of solution contains:
menthol 0.4 g;
hamamelis extract - 15 g;
horse chestnut extract - 2 g;
caustic buttercup extract - 24.43 g;
valerian extract - 2 g;
Viburnum plumum liquid extract - 2 g.

It is used to treat symptoms of venolymphatic insufficiency, in particular, varicose veins, heaviness in the legs, and hemorrhoids. Take 40 - 60 drops per day before meals.

6. Fructus viburni. Viburnum fruits, 50.0 g. (JSC Adonis, Russia). Used as an infusion ( Infusum fructi Viburni). 10 g (1 tablespoon) of fruits are placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml (1 glass) of boiling water, cover with a lid and heat in a water bath for up to 30 minutes. After which the contents of the vessel are cooled at room temperature for 45 minutes, the infusion is filtered, the remaining fruit is squeezed out, and water is added to 200 ml. The prepared infusion is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. Take 300 ml (1/3 cup), 3-4 times a day, as a vitamin, tonic, diaphoretic and laxative.

7. Extractum Viburni fluidum, Viburnum extract liquid(Astrakhan pharmaceutical factory State Unitary Enterprise, Russia).

A liquid extract obtained by extracting viburnum bark powder with 50% alcohol in a ratio of 1:10. Available in 25 ml bottles.
Take 30-40 drops 2-3 times a day as a hemostatic agent for uterine bleeding.

8. Tisane Phlebosedol(Lehning, France). Herbal mixture in bags of 2 g, packed in a box of 20 pcs. 100 g of mixture contains:
horse chestnut bark 15%;
clematis leaves - 10%;
hamamelis leaves - 5%;
fig leaves - 5%;
viburnum bark - 5%;
wheatgrass rhizomes - 5%;
buckthorn bark - 20%;
leaves of caustic buttercup (zhovtozilla) - 15%;
cuff leaves - 15%.

Used for venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Drink as tea from one bag, steep for 15 minutes, 1 tablespoon (15 g) 3 times a day with meals. You should follow your doctor's instructions as an overdose of this medicine may cause diarrhea.

Other uses of viburnum

In Ukraine, pies and cheesecakes were baked with viburnum fruits during the holidays, they were added to the dough when baking bread, and unique viburnum kvass and jelly “Kalinnik” were prepared from fresh fruits. Viburnum fruits were added when sauerkraut was sauerkraut. Viburnum juice was added when preparing marshmallows and marmalade.

In addition, wine can be made from the fruits. It should be noted that wine made from viburnum has an original bouquet. Syrups and confectionery products can be made from fruits collected after the first frost.

From history

In mythology, viburnum is a symbol of happiness, love, and beauty. One of the legends says that viburnum grew from the blood of soldiers who gave their lives for the Fatherland; the seeds of viburnum fruits resemble a heart in shape. One of the ancient legends tells the following about the origin of viburnum:
“The goddess Lada brought spring to the Ukrainian land, was exhausted and lay down to rest in the steppes of Tavria and fell fast asleep. The goddess of death Mara saw the sleeping Lada and planted a thorny thorn tree around her, which instantly grew high. Lada was awakened by the desperate prayers of farmers who asked for warmth and moisture for the spring land. Lada woke up and quickly hurried to bring spring to people, but the thorn wounded her. And where drops of blood fell on the ground, viburnum bushes with red berries grew.”

Literature

Govorov V.P. Pharmacological study of medicinal plants of Western Siberia and Altai // Plant resources of Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. - Novosibirsk: Science Sib. Dept. - 1965. - P. 97-103.

Based on materials from the works of B. M. Zuzuk, R. V. Kutsik (Ivano-Frankivsk State Medical University), M. R. Shtokalo (LLC, Lviv).

Photos and illustrations

The genus includes 200 species, distributed in the subtropical and temperate zones of Eurasia.

Description of viburnum

Viburnum grows in the form of deciduous or evergreen shrubs, sometimes small trees. Most species are shade-tolerant and moisture-loving. Absolutely all species have opposite, sometimes whorled, arrangement of leaves. Red or black fruits are mostly edible. Viburnum reproduces cuttings, seeds, layering. Residents middle zone In Russia, the sign of viburnum is due to the widespread distribution of the common viburnum.

In the wild, it can be found in almost every forest - in a clearing, edge, clearing.

Viburnums are very decorative. Most begin to bloom in May, ending the spring riot of flowers with pinkish, white or yellowish inflorescences. Flowering, sometimes stretching for three weeks. All viburnums are excellent honey plants.

Viburnums are also famous for their fruits. The berries acquire color already in August. They look great against the backdrop of a green crown, delight the eye all autumn and decorate the bushes even in winter. In some species the fruits are pinkish-orange or red. Other types of viburnum produce black berries with a blue or bluish tinge. But there is such a viburnum that has fruits of 2 colors: ripe ones are black, and others, unripe ones, are red in color.

Types and varieties of viburnum

Some species of viburnum have decorative forms, differing from their ancestors in special appearance features. The most famous cultivar of viburnum is Buldenezh.

Viburnum red or common

It grows in the forest and forest-steppe zones of almost all of Europe.

Shrub or tree 4 m in height. The trunk of the bush is covered with fissured bark. The leaves of the common viburnum are large, 5-lobed, light green in the spring, simply green in the summer, and reddish in the fall.

Barren white flowers bloom several days earlier than fertile viburnums, decorating the bush for 15 days. The fruits are red, round-shaped drupes with yellow flesh, edible, and look cute against the background of greenery.

Has decorative forms:

Viburnum common"Nanum" is a dwarf form (1m) with small leaves. Grows from April to early October. Growth is slow. In winter it freezes a little.

Viburnum common“Roseum” is the most common, it is also called “Bulde-nezh”. The height of the bush is 2 m, the height of the tree is 4 m. The crown of the common viburnum Buldenezh is wide-spreading. The spherical inflorescences consist of sterile flowers, first olive, then white, resembling snowballs.

When blooming, the flowers of the viburnum Buldenezh turn pink. During flowering, which lasts 35 days, the shrub is decorative both in group and single plantings. It looks especially impressive near the water and in standard form.

Viburnum common"Compactum" ("Compactum"), the bush is up to 2 m in height. It blooms in June.

Flowers of Viburnum vulgare "Compactum", marginal white, middle small, bisexual, pinkish or white. The fruits of Viburnum Viburnum "Compactum" are bright red..

Viburnum common"Aureum" A compact bush with a height of 2 m. The foliage is yellow and turns green in summer. Her flowers are white. The fruits of Viburnum viburnum "Aureum" are beautiful red. Looks beautiful in light partial shade, especially in sunny, hot summers. It may freeze.

Kalina Sargenta

Under natural conditions, it is widespread in the Far East, Eastern Siberia, Sakhalin, Korea, and Japan. Viburnum Sargent is widespread in the European part of Russia, in Altai, the Urals, where it is found along forest edges, clearings, and among thickets near water.

Viburnum Sargent has a spreading bush and leaves with long petioles and a central vein. Flowering begins at the end of May. Barren flowers up to 3 cm in diameter, the flowers have purple, sometimes yellow, anthers. In early October, spherical, bright red fruits ripen.

Shade-tolerant, winter-hardy. Viburnum Sargent is a good ornamental shrub, especially spectacular during flowering and fruiting, in solitary plants along the banks of reservoirs.

Kalina Gordovina

It is a well-known viburnum with black fruits, which are also edible. Viburnum gordovina is widespread in Asia Minor, Central and Southern Europe, and the North Caucasus.

Viburnum viburnum has a completely different appearance compared to red viburnum. The shrub is 5 m high. The crown is compact, dense, 2.5 m in diameter.

Viburnum gordovina is one of the most beautiful ornamental shrubs; it has long been used in landscaping parks and gardens. Undemanding to soil, frost-resistant, shade-tolerant, drought-resistant, retains pink-red leaves and black fruits until winter. Excellent propagation by seeds.

This type of viburnum is one of the most beautiful ornamental shrubs, elegant during flowering, during the period of fruit ripening and in the autumn season with brightly colored foliage. Pairs perfectly with linden and oak.

Viburnum gourdovina has decorative forms: variegated - with yellow-variegated foliage; and wrinkled - with larger inflorescences and more wrinkled leaves.

Viburnum gordovina "Aureum". Bush 3 m high, with oval leaves. The leaves are golden on top and silvery-felt underneath.

Viburnum gourdovina "Aureo-variegatum". The leaves of this viburnum have yellow stripes and spots. Flowering occurs in May and can sometimes bear fruit.

Viburnum black

Grows in the south of Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai. Grows in coniferous-deciduous forests.

A strongly branching, spreading bush about 3 m in height, sometimes a small tree with an openwork crown, a grayish trunk and light, bare, yellow-gray branches. The leaves are elliptical, acute at the apex, dark green above; yellow-white, inconspicuous flowers are collected in stitch-shaped inflorescences.

The fruits of black viburnum have shiny, black skin and sweet pulp, edible.

Black viburnum is light-loving and demanding on the soil. Tolerates transplantation well. Decorative all season, but especially in autumn.

Protection from pests and diseases: viburnum is often affected by the viburnum bark beetle, which eats all the foliage, leaving only veins. To combat it, you can treat it with 0.2% chlorophos.

Decorative forms of viburnum It is best to propagate by cuttings. Their rooting rate is very high.

All viburnums are decorative, some have a variety of decorative forms. Viburnums are very impressive against the background of linden, birch, maple, spruce and rowan trees. Viburnums in the garden are not only beautiful, but also useful, medicinal and edible plants.