Ticks are potentially dangerous carriers of dangerous infections, and encephalitis and borreliosis are especially common. Every year, thousands of Russians go to clinics and medical institutions with bites from these insects, and some experience certain complications. Sometimes the area affected by the tick is very painful and this greatly worries the person. Should the area be sore after a tick bite or is it due to a complication?
What happens after a bite?
It is impossible to say for sure why the tick bite site hurts after its removal, since much depends on the affected area. Basically, these insects stick to the skin behind the ears, head, elbows, knees, armpits, back and neck. If, upon returning from the forest, you find an insect on you and the tick bite begins to hurt, you need to go to the doctor.
At the moment of the bite, the skin is injured and the insect's saliva is injected into it. Against this background, there may be allergic reaction and the skin will begin to itch - this is normal. When does it occur after a bite? strong pain, this is bad. The insect was probably infected. Additionally, chills and weakness, aching joints and numbness in the neck occur. We have already described it in a separate article.
Causes of pain after bites
Can the site of a tick bite hurt in a person without causing an infection? Usually this is not observed, although there are people with particularly sensitive skin and even an insect bite becomes painful for them.
Sometimes the affected area hurts due to compaction, which appears against the background of an allergic reaction. This compaction causes pain. In general, such compaction is normal when bitten by ticks, but not everyone experiences pain.
If after a tick bite the sore spot burns, you probably removed the insect incorrectly. If you remove its body carelessly, the proboscis will remain inside the epidermis. Against this background, local inflammation occurs, causing significant discomfort.
Pain as a sign of infection
When the bite site hurts for a month or longer, the insect has probably infected you. Additionally, redness and even a rash will appear on the skin. To eliminate the possibility of infection, you need to take the extracted tick to the laboratory or donate blood for analysis. During its process, the presence of encephalitis or borreliosis may be confirmed, the treatment of which will require consultation with an experienced doctor.
If a tick bite provokes pain, and a red spot remains in the affected area even after a month, the insect was probably not completely removed. In the normal state, nothing hurts, but upon contact with the bite site, severe discomfort occurs. Go to the doctor without delay and talk about your symptoms.
If there are other unpleasant symptoms, most likely we're talking about about a serious illness, and you cannot do without the help of a doctor.
A bite from an infected tick can change a person’s life - deprive them of their health, or put them in a wheelchair. How to protect yourself and what should be your actions if a tick does bite you? For more details about this, read further in the article.
With the onset of spring and until July, an encounter with ticks becomes an undesirable event for us, causing not only a disgusting feeling of fear of a bite, but also of the possibility of contracting a serious disease.
No one is surprised by the discovery of a tick on clothing or the body after a walk in a park or green area of a metropolis. These small creatures from the class of arachnids can end up in our apartments, accidentally carried on the clothes or fur of pets.
It is clear from the names where ixodids prefer to live, although their distribution area is so large that individual individuals can be found on animals in the Arctic and Antarctic.
Ticks themselves are not hosts of viruses and bacteria, but rather reservoirs and carriers of diseases from wild animals to humans.
Tick bite: symptoms
Every year, for every thousand tick bites in humans, there are only a few cases of infection. dangerous diseases. Diseases carried by ticks are very serious - they affect the central nervous system, bone tissue, blood and blood vessels, with dire consequences for health and possible disability.
A dangerous virus or bacteria is transmitted from a tick after it has had enough and regurgitates excess blood along with saliva, infecting a person. The sooner we remove the tick from the body, the less chance we have of getting sick.
The tick chooses warm, soft and open areas skin before starting the “meal”:
- armpits
- groin area
- head, eyebrows, beard, mustache
- neck under hair
- popliteal cavity
- elbow bend area
Tick bite: when do symptoms appear?
The most unpleasant thing is that there are no initial signs of an infectious tick bite distinctive features. Symptoms of encephalitis infection, including best case scenario, appear the next day or every other day. 
Viral tick-borne encephalitis
Encephalitis is a terrible disease that requires the administration of immunoglobulin serum within three days after a tick bite. Otherwise, the consequences for a person will be very serious.
Signs of a bite encephalitis tick appear in the first couple of days:
- heat
- strong headache
- fever
- aches in bones and muscles
- lack of appetite, food refusal, vomiting
- sleep disturbance
- photophobia
The second stage is remission, lasting a week, followed by an exacerbation phase and secondary signs of an encephalitis tick bite.
Meningitis:
- temperature
- brain inflammation
- Strong headache
- increased neck muscle tone
Encephalitis:
- clouding of consciousness
- inflammation of the spinal cord
- impaired motor skills
- partial, flaccid paralysis, usually of the upper limbs
Complex treatment often results in disability and, in some cases, death.
In 20% of cases, a small ingress of the virus into the blood, after a minor illness, becomes a lifelong vaccination against encephalitis.
Lyme disease (borreliosis)
After a tick bite infected with borreliosis, symptoms do not appear immediately, in contrast to the deterioration of the condition of people infected with encephalitis, immediately in the first days:
- the beginning of the active phase with a delay of 10–30 days, up to several months
- erythema forms at the site of the bite - a specific reaction on the skin in the form of pink rings on different areas body
In the active phase, the symptoms of borreliosis resemble a cold; if measures are not taken in time, the spirochete bacterium infects the body and the person remains disabled for life.
Visiting on tourist trips foreign countries, take an interest in epidemiology, there are places where almost everyone ixodid ticks(70-90%) are infected with borreliosis. In Russia, there have also been cases of transmission of bacteria to humans through a bite.
Hemorrhagic (Crimean) fever
The hemorrhagic fever virus is transmitted from small rodents through the blood to ticks and then to humans. There are pronounced hemorrhages in the soft tissues of the parenchyma and mucous membranes.
Signs of a contagious tick bite with hemorrhagic fever
- change in blood composition
- subcutaneous hemorrhages
- blood vessels become thinner
- bleeding internal organs and nasal
- fever and chills after a tick bite
If you consult a doctor in time, the prognosis for improvement and recovery is positive.
How to avoid a tick bite?
In areas with frequent cases infecting people with encephalitis through tick bites, it is necessary to do mass vaccination. Vaccination with a small amount of the encephalitis virus causes our body to produce antibodies, protecting against infection through a bite. Only 3% of people do not respond to the vaccine.
For borreliosis there are no remedies against bacteria, safety precautions must be observed and correct behavior in the forest and during outdoor recreation.
First aid for tick bites
If you or your loved ones are bitten by a tick, you must carefully remove it to minimize viral and bacterial infections.
Let's look at how to get rid of ticks using methods that do not raise doubts among specialists:
- If there is nothing at hand except a handkerchief, wrap it around your fingers and, taking the tick by the body, begin to carefully pull it out, twisting it counterclockwise.
- Tweezers or special device — "lasso handle"
- "Klinker"- looks like a nail puller or a spoon cut in the middle, just pry it up and pull out the tick
- Regular thread— we make a “dead loop”, running the thread tightly along the skin, tying it in a knot near the oral apparatus.
The mark of a tick bite on a person’s skin remains for a long time only in the following cases:
- Lyme disease (borreliosis), specific erythema with pink circles and a lighter central part, occurs in different places on the human body
- Allergic reaction for a tick bite
- Incorrect removal of a tick from a wound with introduction of infection
Video: Tick bite - what to do and how to prevent?
Ticks are arachnid-like small predators that hunt in warm time of the year. They attack people and animals in the spring and first half of summer. This usually happens in the forest or park area. Symptoms after a tick bite in a person can manifest themselves in different ways, it all depends on the insect: whether it is infectious or not.
Attack
Many people mistakenly think that dangerous insects fall on them from trees. But that's not true. Ticks live in the soil. When it gets warm, they climb to the surface and rise to the top of the grass or bushes - no higher than 1.5 meters from the ground. Sitting on a branch, they lie in wait for their prey. A person who passes by touches a plant with his limbs or clothes - the insect safely migrates to his body. It is easier for insects to attack children and animals, since they are significantly shorter. On such small individuals, ticks can fall from above, spreading their legs wide. But insects cannot fly and jump like fleas.
Symptoms after a tick bite do not appear immediately in a person: he will walk for a long time, enjoying the good weather, until he notices the problem. Ticks are most active at a temperature of +20 °C; the ideal humidity for them is 90%. They like to attack in April-May, September-October, more often in cloudy weather, but during the heat they are inactive and lazy.
Bite site
Insects love to “settle” in folded areas of the skin - in the neck, head, armpits, navel, and groin area. Before they bite, they can crawl around the body for an hour, looking for a secluded place. Having found it, the insect pierces the skin with its thin proboscis with teeth, finds the capillary and sticks to it. The male, having absorbed some blood, disappears. But the female can remain attached to your body for 10 days: when saturated, she greatly increases in size.
If you are allergic to insect saliva, the first symptoms after a tick bite in a person will be: severe headache, fever, red rash, swelling, muscle weakness and numbness of the limbs. It is difficult for the bitten person to walk, and even with little physical activity he experiences painful shortness of breath. The person does not want to eat, constantly feels tired, exhausted, and experiences lethargy and drowsiness. In severe cases, paralysis occurs. If the insect falls off on its own, you may feel a burning and itching sensation at the site of the bite, which goes away within a week. Sometimes severe local pain is observed - often from the bites of certain types of so-called soft ticks.
Symptoms of borreliosis
Ticks can sometimes transmit Lyme disease. The disease is also called borreliosis. His incubation period ranges from one to two weeks, after which the disease rapidly and acutely begins to manifest itself. Symptoms of borreliosis after a tick bite in a person are: chills, high fever, severe intoxication, nausea, vomiting, enlargement lymph nodes. A typical manifestation of Lyme disease is neck and muscle stiffness.
A ring-shaped redness forms at the site of the bite. This is the so-called migratory erythema, which rapidly grows in all directions from the epicenter. Its edges have a clearer contour and brighter color; they rise slightly and rise above the paler and depressed center. In this area of the body, a person feels itching and slight pain. He may develop other skin rashes, as well as conjunctivitis. Sometimes the patient exhibits signs of incipient meningitis.
Main stages of the disease
Symptoms of borreliosis change. The only one constant sign disease is erythema. If the first stage of the disease is characterized by all of the above manifestations in the form of chills, fever, muscle spasms and increased intoxication, then in the second they worsen and lead to irreversible consequences. After 30 days initial stage the next phase of the disease begins: patients develop meningitis or encephalitis, stiff neck muscles, photophobia, memory impairment, insomnia, weakness, and emotional instability are observed. The facial nerve is often affected, which leads to facial asymmetry, hearing loss and increased tearing.
Symptoms after a tick bite in humans include damage to peripheral nerves. Children may experience severe complications in the functioning of the central nervous system. The causative agent of borreliosis spreads throughout the body and attacks not only the brain and nerves, but also the heart muscle. The patient may feel severe shortness of breath, chest pain, and constant arrhythmia. He is often diagnosed with pericarditis or myocarditis.
Signs of an encephalitis tick bite
The insect that carries this disease is no less dangerous. Symptoms after an encephalitis tick bite in humans develop in two stages. The first signs can usually be noticed within a week after the incident. The person complains of fatigue, severe headaches, fever and muscle pain. He may be too irritable, even aggressive. Or vice versa, lethargic, inactive, indifferent to everything that happens.
This state lasts about 10 days, after which the second phase begins. The disease progresses only in a third of cases; in other people, the immune system independently neutralizes the pathogen that has entered the body, and they are completely restored. Those who are unlucky encounter others who are more dangerous consequences bite and associated complications and problems. Usually the patient experiences a malfunction of the central nervous system, diseases such as meningitis and encephalitis develop.
Symptoms of encephalitis
If the tick does not fall off, you need to carefully remove it and take it to the laboratory. There he will be checked for the possible presence of deadly viruses. These measures are very important, since after infection, within 72 hours, doctors will have time to administer the so-called serum against the disease - immunoglobulin. If the patient does not apply in time, he begins to develop symptoms of encephalitis. After being bitten by a tick that carries this disease, a person's temperature quickly rises, he complains of nausea and vomiting, and a severe headache. In some cases, he loses the ability to express his thoughts, his limbs are shaken by spasms, and disturbances in his mental state can be noticed.
Symptoms of encephalitis in humans after a tick bite can be quite unusual. Scientists have recently discovered that these patients sometimes have temporary allergies to red meat and dairy products. After conducting more than one study, they discovered: someone infected with encephalitis can safely eat any bird, but as soon as he touches beef or pork, his body immediately breaks out in hives and severe swelling develops. An allergic reaction becomes a consequence of an antigen that enters the body along with the insect’s saliva.
Every year the number of cases where ticks become a carrier of these diseases is growing. This means that you need to be more attentive to yourself and your health. Take into account the places where the tick most often lives, and also know the symptoms that indicate a bite.
What symptoms appear if a person is bitten by a tick?
The hypostame is a special organ of the tick with which it attaches to a person. As a rule, due to the fact that the tick lives in grass, less often on low bushes, and is a sedentary insect, it attaches itself from the bottom up. Most often, as a bite site, he chooses delicate skin located in the groin, lower back, abdomen, ears, neck and armpits.
The place where the tick has attached itself is characterized by inflammation and the appearance of allergic manifestations. This is a response to the action of insect saliva. In the case when the tick is a carrier of Lyme Borreliosis, the bite site takes on a specific spot-like shape. This spot grows quite quickly. Sometimes its diameter can reach 60 cm. So, how to determine that a person has been bitten by a tick? How long after a tick bite do symptoms appear? What to do if you are bitten this insect? Each of these issues requires close study, since the number of cases of severe infectious diseases, carried by insects, is constantly growing.
First signs
A tick bite does not cause pain. This is why people cannot always immediately identify the cause of their poor health. If you are visitors to a park or forest, then you should carefully examine your body and eliminate the possibility of injury. Certain symptoms may indicate that tick venom has entered the body. These include:
- Chills;
- Weakness;
- Drowsiness;
- Fear of light;
- Joint pain.
It is worth noting that the signs may not be pronounced. It all depends on how many ticks have attached themselves to a person, to what place, whether the person has health problems and a tendency to allergic reactions.
The very first and most important sign that you should sound the alarm is the detection of an attached tick. The insect must be removed and sent for research. If it is clean, no further treatment will be required. If the tick is a carrier dangerous diseases, then timely detection is a guarantee of eliminating serious consequences.
Symptoms the next day
If a person does not notice the tick infestation in a timely manner and does not pay attention to the first symptoms, which can easily be confused with fatigue, then the next day his condition may worsen significantly. Individually, the symptoms are similar to the first signs of a cold, but it is worth remembering that the combination of such factors may indicate a tick bite. What should you pay attention to?
Firstly, body temperature rises to 38 degrees. At the same time, a person begins to experience tachycardia (the number of heart beats more than 60 times per minute), and the pressure decreases. Secondly, you can note the presence of skin rashes and itching. Thirdly, the lymph nodes enlarge.
In rare cases, additional symptoms may be added:
- Severe headaches and dizziness;
- Vomiting and nausea;
- Difficulty breathing;
- Hallucinations.
If the temperature rises immediately after the bite, this may indicate the development of an allergic reaction to saliva. If the temperature persists for a week, this may be a sign of an infection.
Signs of an encephalitis tick bite
Tick-borne encephalitis - viral disease, affecting the nervous system. If treatment is not done in a timely manner, disastrous consequences can occur. The disease progresses very quickly. As early as 1.5 weeks after the bite, motor neurons of the spinal cord and gray matter of the brain can be affected, which will result in paralysis of individual muscle groups. After the disease covers the entire brain, a person may notice the following symptoms:
- Headache;
- Fainting;
- Disruption of the cardiovascular system;
- Increased excitability;
- Problems with the digestive system;
- Increase in body temperature to 40 degrees.
Complications of this disease lead to flaccid paralysis of the upper limbs. The fatality rate depends on the country in the world. In Europe, this figure does not exceed 2 percent. In countries Far East it is 20%. Mortality occurs a week after the defeat.
If you have Lyme borreliosis
Lyme Borreliosis is an infectious disease that affects the functioning of the heart, nervous system and musculoskeletal system. The carrier of the virus is a tick. The skin at the site of the bite turns red. At the same time, the spot grows quickly. As a rule, its diameter is about 10 cm, but in some cases it can be up to 60 cm. The spot irregular shape and the inflamed edge rises slightly above the skin level. Without treatment, the stain lasts about 3 weeks, after which it disappears.
A month later, symptoms of damage to the cardiovascular and nervous systems are noted, and joint pain occurs. The human condition corresponds to the condition at the initial stage colds: headache, muscle aches, weakness and fatigue, as well as sore throat. To all this are added neurological symptoms - paralysis, hearing loss, insomnia. Complications of this disease rarely cause death. However, they can provoke the development of dangerous diseases, which in the future can lead to death.
What does a tick bite look like on the body: photo
As practice shows, a person usually discovers a bite after the tick has time to fall off. The bite site is a red spot from which the insect’s body protrudes. In this case, the diameter of the redness is about one centimeter. Many people try to remove the tick themselves. If the legs or tentacles of an insect remain in the wound, then there is no need to worry. The body itself will reject them. Another thing is the head. In the photos presented in this section, you can get acquainted with what the bite sites look like in practice.
What to do after a tick bite? (Video)
Since ticks are a carrier of serious diseases, when you return home after going to a park or forest, you should not immediately lie down on the sofa. It is important to carefully examine yourself and your loved ones for ticks on your body.
It is immediately worth noting the measures that will allow you to avoid bites from this insect. First of all, it is worth knowing the places they choose for themselves. These are herbs and low shrubs. You should not wander unnecessarily through such landscapes.
Secondly, the tick is a slow and cautious insect. Before sucking, he looks for the most optimal place. It can take them up to 3 hours to search for such a part of the body. Therefore, try to examine your baby every hour and shake off a tick if you find one.
Thirdly, when going outdoors, choose waterproof clothing. Weather permitting, wear long sleeves and a turtleneck. Pants should be as long as possible. It is best when the clothes fit the body completely.
Treat exposed areas of the body with a special anti-tick product. If the above measures did not allow you to avoid a tick bite, then you need to do the following:
It is worth emphasizing that only live insects are suitable for analysis. That is why its removal should be trusted to a doctor, since at home it is not possible to remove the tick correctly. Based on the results of the study and assessment of the general state of health, the doctor makes a decision on further treatment. Antibiotics may be prescribed depending on age, as well as antihistamines. Signs of infection only begin to appear after a few weeks, but general analysis blood after 10 days already allows us to conclude that there is an infection in the human body.
But there are also not the most friendly arachnids, which are carriers of dangerous diseases, the most famous of them in Russia are encephalitis, anaplasmosis, Lyme disease and ehrlichiosis.
Even a safe (sterile) tick on the human body can cause a severe allergic reaction. Another interesting fact is that one tick can simultaneously carry several types of pathological microorganisms. Such mixed carriers account for 10% of all ticks.
What does a tick bite look like?
A typical example of a tick bite would be a Lyme disease spot. In this case, erythema appears, it gradually increases and can reach 20 or even more than 50 cm. The shape of the spot when bitten is necessarily round or oval. After some time, a bulge appears along the edge. The color may be white or bluish in the very center. After 24 hours, the stain becomes like a donut and a dry crust appears. After 2-3 weeks, there are no bite marks left.
The bite itself is never accompanied by pain, and if a person does not have an allergy, then it is completely impossible to understand that a tick has attacked. The first manifestations will be noticeable within a few hours - the reaction time depends on the characteristics of the body.
Alarming symptoms
The first and obvious sign is the detection of the tick itself on the body. Severe symptoms often appear in children, people over 60 years of age, and people with immunodeficiency and a tendency to allergies.
After a few hours, characteristic manifestations can be observed:
- general weakness, apathy, fatigue;
- drowsiness and muscle soreness;
- fever, photophobia.
The first dangerous symptoms:
- soreness and redness;
- temperature rise to 38 degrees;
- decreased blood pressure and heart rhythm disturbances;
- itching, urticaria in case of allergies;
- enlargement of regional lymph nodes.
Less common symptoms include migraines, shortness of breath, intestinal upset, and even hallucinations, visual or auditory.
Arachnids usually attach themselves to areas of sensitive skin where the capillary network is well developed. There are two types of ticks of different age groups.
- Adults are adult individuals; their peculiarity is the presence of four pairs of legs.
- Nymphs are larvae, they have three pairs of limbs.
Symptoms of fever vary depending on the infection.
- Encephalitis. Hyperthermia appears 3-4 days after the attack and lasts for 14 days. The temperature returns to normal, but after 7-9 days it rises again.
- Anaplasmosis. The temperature rises after 2 weeks.
- Borreliosis, or Lyme disease. Hyperthermia is a secondary symptom; it is combined with muscle pain and chills.
- Ehrlichiosis. Fever begins after 1-2 weeks and lasts for 20 days.
An increase in body temperature is typical for any infection transmitted by ticks. If this symptom appears, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Consequences
You can suffer from a tick bite different organs and body systems:
- liver – due to digestive disorders;
- nervous system – headache, epilepsy, paresis and paralysis occur;
- joints – arthritis and arthralgia;
- lungs – internal bleeding and pneumonia;
- kidneys – glomerulonephritis or nephritis;
- SSS – increase and decrease blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbance.
When attacked by an encephalitis tick, both favorable and unfavorable outcomes are possible. In the first case, a person experiences asthenic syndrome, that is, severe weakness that lasts about 2 months. In this case, there is no disruption of the function of internal organs and the body is completely restored over time.
A favorable outcome is also possible with moderate severity of the disease, the recovery period of which can last six months. An unfavorable outcome is likely in case of impaired respiratory function and with a constant increase in symptoms.
The resource site dwelled in more detail on the study of the consequences of a tick bite and stated that stress, alcohol consumption, and severe physical fatigue can aggravate the condition. You can improve your prognosis and quality of life by avoiding these negative factors.
Diseases from a bite
Ticks transmit microbial, protozoal and viral infections. They are common and found in every corner of the world.
Viral:
- tick-borne encephalitis;
- hemorrhagic fever;
- rare forms of tick-borne fever.
Microbial:
- ehrlichiosis;
- anaplasmosis;
- borreliosis.
Rickettsial:
- Marseilles fever;
- paroxysmal rickettsiosis;
- typhus;
- smallpox rickettsiosis;
- Astrakhan spotted fever;
Tick-borne encephalitis
After a bite, many people pull out the tick and throw it away, since there are no symptoms, and with them there is no suspicion of any disease. But it is strongly recommended to take the extracted tick to the laboratory for examination. In case of danger, this will allow treatment to begin before dangerous symptoms appear.
The tick-borne infection develops quickly, a person’s temperature rises to 38-39 degrees, weakness, severe migraine, and muscle aches are felt. The skin becomes red, coordination is impaired and convulsions begin.
This infection can result in irreversible damage to the nervous system. The most serious consequence is paralysis of the legs. In approximately 2% of cases, the disease without appropriate treatment ends in death within a week after the first symptoms appear.
Borreliosis
An equally insidious disease is borreliosis, the first sign of which is, at first glance, harmless redness in the bite area. But soon the red spot reaches 10-20 cm, and in severe cases, 60 cm. After some time, the spot becomes blue or white, then becomes crusty.
After a month, symptoms of damage to the nervous system, lungs, heart and musculoskeletal system, especially muscles and joints, already develop. This period is characterized by symptoms similar to the flu. Violation of the nervous system leads to paralysis, insomnia and can cause deafness.
Complications of this disease include various pathologies of the nervous system, heart and joints. Unfortunately, such consequences sometimes develop even in those who seek medical help in time.
First aid after a bite
After removing the tick, the skin is treated with an antiseptic and pre-washed running water with soap. Be sure to make sure that there are no particles left under the skin. Reddened skin can be treated wound healing ointment, but at the same time small area leave open in the area of the bite itself.
Those who live in unfavorable areas are advised to purchase special tick removal kits in advance. This could be a “Uniclean Tick Twister” or a “lasso handle”. After removing the tick with instruments, it is also placed in a sealed vial, which is signed and sent for examination.
If during removal of the tick you managed to get only half of it, you should definitely go to the hospital. Some institutions, open 24 hours a day, provide first aid for bites.
When to go to the doctor
Urgent help is also necessary with the development of Quincke's edema. Its symptoms:
- labored breathing;
- pale or bluish skin;
- swelling of the lips and eyelids;
- muscle soreness.
This is a severe allergic reaction, in which you need to immediately call an ambulance and provide first aid to the victim until a doctor arrives.
First aid:
- give an antihistamine - it can be Erius, Zyrtec or Suprastin;
- ventilate the room well, provide air access;
- if possible, administer the drug “Prednisolone” - 60 mg intramuscularly.
All subsequent treatment measures will be carried out in the medical institution after the examination.
Treatment
If a sterile tick bite occurs without any manifestation of an allergy, treatment is not required and there will be no consequences. Drug therapy is carried out in case of an attack by an encephalitis tick or a carrier of other infections.
The principle of treating a patient with encephalitis:
- compliance with bed rest;
- all period high temperature the patient is in hospital;
- immunoglobulin is prescribed for the first 2-4 days;
- the use of prednisolone, ribonuclease, and rheopolyglucin is indicated;
- in case of respiratory failure, intensive ventilation is carried out;
- in case of inflammation, ascorbic acid and vitamin B are prescribed.
During the rehabilitation period, treatment is carried out with tranquilizers, anabolic steroids and nootropic drugs. Antibacterial drugs may also be prescribed to prevent complications in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and hepatobiliary systems.
Principles of treating a patient with borreliosis:
- hospitalization for symptoms of neurological abnormalities;
- for disease in the erythema stage, bacteriostatics and tetracycline are prescribed;
- relief of neurological syndrome is carried out with penicillin antibiotics for intravenous administration;
- must be restored water balance, physiological solutions are administered intravenously, vitamins and drugs are administered intramuscularly to normalize blood circulation.
Prevention
After familiarizing yourself with the rather unpleasant facts about a tick bite and its consequences, it’s time to look at preventive measures and find out how you can protect yourself from the carrier of the infection.
The likelihood of a tick bite depends on several factors:
- places of residence;
- frequency of being in the forest and field;
- visiting unfavorable areas where tick-borne infections are common.
It is better to be extra vigilant and, while walking in a dangerous area, check for ticks on your body. Ideally, this should be done every half hour, during which time the tick will not have time to attach itself and can be easily removed.
Preventing the bite itself is not so easy. To do this, you need to completely avoid areas with trees and other plants. But you can take action to prevent the consequences, which is more effective and will give real results.
The main measure of primary prevention is vaccination. Additionally, specific immunotherapy can be performed, which is indicated if infection is suspected. People working in the forest are recommended to wear special protective clothing. You can also use special means to kill or repel ticks.
Vaccine
Vaccination is carried out solely for the purpose of primary prevention; it is contraindicated to vaccinate a person after infection.
Drugs used in Russia for vaccination:
- "EnceVir". Entered from 18 years of age. Produced in Russia.
- FSME-Immun Junior. Introduced from 1 to 16 years. Produced in Switzerland.
- Encepur Children. Introduced from 1 to 11 years. Produced in Germany.
It is also possible to conduct emergency vaccination. It is indicated when there is a need for urgent departure in a potentially danger zone. This vaccine has short term protection.
Repellent and destruction agents
When traveling to an unfavorable area or going into the forest, it is recommended to apply to exposed skin and clothing. protective equipment. They exist in two types: repellents (scare away) and acaricides (kill). The former are used to repel various insects. They can be sprayed on clothes, arms, legs, neck and other parts of the body.
Representatives of aerosols:
- "Biban";
- "Raptor";
- "Anti-mite breeze";
- "Ultraton".
Acaricides can kill ticks, but such products can only be used to treat clothing and various items. In pharmacies you can find products from this group that can be applied to the skin, but this is not recommended, as there is a risk of poisoning and allergies.
Even if bites have become commonplace, do not forget about the potential danger. When faced with such a problem once again, one cannot hope for the usual favorable outcome, because it is much easier and safer to be examined by a doctor once than to undergo a course of treatment for several months.
