A well-designed staircase should not only have a respectable appearance and fit organically into the design of the room, but also be ergonomic, comfortable, and safe for climbing. Whether it is a marching or screw structure, it must have the correct angle of inclination, which, like any other parameters, is calculated at the building design stage. But what to do if the house has already been built, and after some time there is an urgent need to build a staircase, and there is no opportunity to attract a specialist to carry out the calculations? In this case, the angle at which the stairs should pass is determined independently, using the appropriate regulatory documentation.
How to make stairs comfortable and safe?
The safety and convenience of the staircase directly depends on its angle of inclination. This value can be calculated as the ratio between the height of the step and the width of its step (the vertical part of the rise on which the person’s foot rests).
It was experimentally established that the step width of an adult moving along a horizontal plane lies in the range of 60 cm-63 cm. This value decreases when a person climbs. Thus, the length of his step in a strictly vertical plane is equal to 31.5 cm. In this case, when rising, a person makes the maximum amount of effort to take a step and experiences discomfort. The task of an experienced designer who is developing a staircase design is to find out the angle of elevation at which a person, going up to the second floor, will experience minimal discomfort, make a minimum of effort, but at the same time move between floors in a private or high-rise building.
According to regulatory documentation, the width of the step should be 30 cm, and its height 15 cm, the slope of the flight of stairs should be in the range from 30° to 45°, if it comes to climbing to the second floor in a private house. However, in practice it is not so simple.
Making a staircase in a private house
- external: for climbing to the roof, for accessing the attic, going down to the basement or garage, for climbing onto the porch;
- internal: moving between floors, descending to the ground floor.
The optimal angle of inclination for each type of staircase should be as follows:
- up to 30° - external rises, it is more advisable to organize ramps;
- from 30° to 45° - stairs inside the house (to the second floor) or other household ascents;
- from 45° to 75° - attached structures;
- over 75° - evacuation marches.
For each specific case, its own angle of inclination is set, at the same time, the useful space that can be safely spent on organizing the stairs for the design of the house is taken into account.
Without resorting to complex calculations, using ordinary graph paper, knowing the height of the required rise and the length of the room that is allocated for the flight of stairs, you can experimentally determine the slope. So, on a scale of 1:10, on paper we plot horizontally the length of the room that is allocated for the march. Vertical - the height of the future rise (this is the distance from the floor of the first floor room to the horizontal ceiling of the second floor). The two lines must be strictly at right angles to each other. It turns out to be a right triangle. The length of its hypotenuse will be equal to the length of the flight of stairs. The angle between the hypotenuse and the horizontal leg indicates the slope of the march. If it lies within the “comfortable rise” angle for a given type of staircase, then the number of future steps can be calculated. If the climb is too steep, then you need to think about organizing the flights on the stairs.
March slope and step height
Having decided on the angle of inclination for the march, you need to determine the length and width of the step. To do this, use the formula: 2A+ B=60-64, where:
- A – riser height, cm;
- B – width of the step (tread), cm,
- 60-64 value in cm of the length of the average step of a woman and a man.
Regulatory documentation indicates the optimal step height A = 15 cm, but this value can vary between 14-17 cm. The angle of inclination of the structure will tell you which value to choose. Let's say A = 15 cm. Then using the above formula it is not difficult to calculate the value of B.
B = (60 – (15*2) - 64 – (15*2)) = 30 cm or 34 cm,
Next you need to calculate the required number of steps. To do this, we divide the height of the floor H (this is the distance between the floors of the first and second floors) by the height of one rise, that is, A. For example, the height of the floor H is 270 cm, then H/A = 270/15 = 18 steps. But what to do when the floor height is a number that is not a multiple of three, for example 260 cm, then the number of steps will not be an integer. In this case, there are two options:
- make the last step of non-standard size;
- change the angle of inclination of the structure.
Here they also resort to experimental methods and plot on a scale of 1:10 on graph paper: in the form of a strictly vertical line, the height of floor H. From the top point of this segment, the required number of steps of standard sizes are lowered. This will be the hypotenuse of the right triangle. A line is drawn from the lower point of the hypotenuse to the base of the vertical leg. This will be the horizontal leg, that is, the length of the future flight of stairs, and the angle between the hypotenuse and the leg will be the inclination of the stairs. It is determined by a protractor.
Roof angle
Having dealt with the staircase to the top floor of the house, it is not difficult to calculate the slope of the roof. This indicator of the roof depends on its construction material and on the purposes for which the attic space will be used, for example, the organization of the roof is associated with the construction of an attic (as an additional floor of the house).
The roof slope is determined by the formula H ridge = L pr.* tg A, where:
- H of the ridge is the height of the future attic of the roof;
- L ave. - half the length of the span of the house;
- tg A is the tangent of the desired indicator, that is, the desired slope of the roof.
For example, the design documentation indicates that the additional floor of the house in the attic should have a height of 1.8 m. We measure the width of the gable using a tape measure, allowed 6 m. L pr = 3 m. Then, using the formula, we determine the tangent of the angle of inclination of the roof and use the table to find the value corner.
So, the article describes in detail how to experimentally establish the angle of inclination, and provides an example of theoretical calculations of the angle of inclination of the roof of a house. The material was compiled by master builders and all formulas were confirmed by successful practice. If the reader has any questions, our experts will be happy to answer them. We are waiting for your comments and will be happy to help you sort out the construction.
When building a private house, you almost always have to resort to making a staircase - in order to save useful area of the site, modern construction of private houses in most cases involves the construction of two-story mansions. Staircases in a private house can have a very varied price, depending on the size, cost of manufacturing materials and materials used for finishing. The design of a private house staircase can be a classic marching staircase; if there is not enough space, a spiral staircase is often used. Lately, bolt ladders have become increasingly popular, in the construction of which hidden fastenings with bolts or pins are used.
Features of design and calculation
Correct design and calculation of a facility under construction very often turns out to be extremely important and significant for the further problem-free operation of the building; for example, incorrectly designed floors can lead to the destruction of the building, and violations in the design of stairs threaten the impossibility of their comfortable use and increase the risk of injury for residents of the house. The basic point in building stairs is the stage of its calculation and design, experts recommend paying due attention to it.
When building a house without a professional project, the question of calculating the stairs can cause some difficulties, the reason for this is the lack of necessary knowledge in engineering science. In this article we will try to remember the requirements and standards that should be followed when creating a staircase in a private house.
How to determine the size of flights and landings
It is generally accepted that the optimal width of a staircase in a private house should be 1.2 m, but given that the area for its installation can be very limited, it is permissible to reduce the width to 0.9 m. The gap between parallel flights should not be less than 0, 1 m. The sum of these indicators will be the width of the future landing. It should be taken into account that choosing the minimum acceptable dimensions will lead to the fact that the staircase will be very narrow and it will be extremely difficult to carry furniture or other large things along it. This is especially undesirable if the marches are located relative to each other at an angle of 180 degrees. If the angle is 90, the site will be square.
If there is enough space to determine the width of the staircase, you will need to determine its purpose, the planned throughput, and the size of the area allocated for the construction of the staircase. A staircase for going down to the basement or going up to the attic can be 0.8 m wide. The width of a comfortable staircase in a private house can be from 1 to 1.5 m, of course, if the space allows. It will be convenient for residents to move around it. The width of the opening is measured from the wall to the railing or between opposite railings; the width of the steps is usually slightly larger.
Calculating the number of steps
Calculating the number of steps will require the use of accurate floor height measurements. They are obtained by measuring the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor level of the second. If, when calculating the size of a staircase in a private house, you only have the distance to the floor level, then you should first decide on the design of the future floor and take into account the thickness of the insulation and finishing material or other structural elements. Such precise calculations are required for the reason that the height of the steps must be the same.
The recommended value for the height of a stair step is 0.15 m, however, in practice it often turns out that this size is adjusted by the design features of the house. Often, developers install stairs not with standard step sizes of 0.3x0.15 m, but 0.31x0.16 m or 0.29x0.17 m, which is also acceptable, because Dimensions are within acceptable limits.
In one flight, the number of steps should not be more than 18. This number allows you to create a staircase with a height of 2.7 m. But given that the width of the step should be 0.3 m, the length of the staircase will be 5.4 m. A more rational option would be creating a staircase with two flights of 9 steps.
The calculation of the number of steps may also depend on the dimensions of the staircase; the smaller its area, the higher the steps will have to be designed.
Please note that the ceiling height above the intermediate platform should not be less than 2 m.
Staircase designs in a private house can be varied, but the number of steps will be determined as follows: divide the height of the entire staircase by the recommended height of one step. For example, with a staircase height of 3 m and a step height of 0.15 m, the number of steps will be 20. Since the last step will turn out by itself, the required number of steps for the staircase is 19.
If the calculation results in indicators that do not correspond to the recommended ones, in particular the height and width of the steps, then the projected indicators should be slightly changed within reasonable limits until an optimal result is achieved, extremely close to the recommended standards.
Calculation of stairs with a curved profile
Performing such a calculation on your own will require the use of deeper knowledge. If turning options for stairs in a private house are calculated independently, then you should remember:
the minimum width of the narrow part of the wedge-shaped step cannot be less than 0.1 m, along the central axis - not less than 0.2 m,
the maximum width of the step at the far, wide end should not exceed 0.4 m
the turning radius of the narrow part of the stairs cannot be less than 0.3 m.
When constructing a staircase, it is allowed that its vertical surface hangs 0.03-0.05 m above the horizontal one; this will significantly increase the width of the steps and avoid increasing the length of the staircase.
Factors influencing the calculation of stairs
The result of the staircase calculation will be influenced by:
- number of platforms and their sizes, height of flights of stairs and their number,
- the area that can be allocated for the construction of stairs,
- the material from which it will be made staircase and its decoration.
When calculating, one should not forget about such an important indicator as clearance. This is the height from the steps to the closest upper barrier, for example, the ceiling of the second floor. The clearance should have a height such that a tall person can calmly walk up the stairs without touching their head; on average, this figure should not be less than 1.9 - 2 m.
Staircase steepness
The steepness of the future staircase, or in other words - the angle of its inclination, should facilitate convenient movement along it and be in the range from 22 to 40 degrees. At an angle less than 22 degrees, you can get by with building a ramp, but its construction will require a very large area; in private houses its construction is impractical. A slope greater than 40 degrees will be acceptable for attic stairs or those leading to the basement, over 75 - exclusively for firefighters.
The higher the steepness of the staircase, the less space will be required for its construction.
Let's consider how in practice you can calculate the angle of inclination. A right angle should be drawn on a sheet of paper, on the horizontal side, mark the length of the floor section allocated for the flight of stairs on a scale of 1:10, and on the vertical side - the height of the flight of stairs. By connecting the segments marked on the sides of the angle, we obtain a triangle, the hypotenuse of which will be equal to the length of the string of the ladder. The angle formed relative to the horizontal line is the angle of inclination of the march; its value can be measured using a protractor.
Calculation of the height and width of steps
Calculating a staircase in a private house also involves determining the width and height of the steps. To do this, you can use a simple formula 2a + b = 0.6 - 0.64 m, a is the height of the step, its recommended value is 0.15 m, but in reality it can be in the range from 0.14 to 0.17 m. It is not advisable to increase the indicator to 0.2 m or more. b is the overhang, or the width of the tread. This indicator should be in the range from 0.2 to 0.32 m; it will be difficult to walk on wider steps - the step will be lost. Steps that are too narrow will be very inconvenient when going down. 0.6-0.64 m is an indicator of the average step of an adult.
The second formula that can be used in the calculation:
a+b = 0.45 - 0.46 m. Everything in it is also extremely simple: if a is equal to the standard indicator of 0.15 m, then b will be equal to 0.3 - 0.31 m.
The upper step should not hang over the lower one by more than 0.05 m.
ORTHODOX GYMNASIUM
NAMED AFTER REVEREND SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
FESTIVAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND CREATIVE PROJECTS
"HARMONY OF THE UNIVERSE"
K R U T I Z N A
L E S T N I T S
Serova Maria, 6th grade.
HEAD: Galina Gennadievna Sterlyagova,
mathematic teacher.
Sergiev Posad
2015
Everyone probably knows the special staircase in our utility block, which leads from the second floor to the third. The steps of the staircase are halves of ordinary steps and they are located symmetrically relative to the line of travel. Why? We decided to look into this issue and the concept of “steepness of the staircase”, which we met in a mathematics lesson, helped us in this.
But first, a little history.
The staircase has long become a familiar, traditional attribute of our everyday life. It makes it easier for a person to reach the upper floors, while at the same time striking people with its beauty and grace. We encounter stairs literally at every step - in country houses, in administrative and public buildings, apartment buildings and industrial facilities. But, of course, a very interesting question is when and where did the staircase first appear?
The history of stairs begins with the first human settlements. Nobody knows what the first staircase was. These could be tree branches, bundles of grass, or steps hewn with stone axes. Perhaps, noting that it was more convenient to climb a mountain along a goat path, similar to a clumsy ladder, primitive people adopted this experience from the animal world.
Staircases that resemble modern ones were made thousands of years ago. The first mentions of the technology of constructing stairs were found in Egyptian manuscripts of the 4th-1st millennia BC. When constructing numerous temples and amphitheatres, the ancient Greeks and Romans also could not do without massive staircases and stepped structures. Egyptian pyramids are huge staircases leading to the sky.
The staircases in the temples of the ancient Greeks had steps no less than human height. In the Middle Ages, the development of “staircase making” was stimulated by the construction of knightly castles with high walls and defensive towers.
Over time, staircase structures became more and more complex, gradually taking on an aesthetic function. During the Middle Ages, when city streets were very narrow and houses grew mostly strictly vertically, . Such designs also became widely used in castles. But the greatest impetus for the development of staircase structures was given during the Renaissance, when great attention began to be paid to decorative decoration. Stairs began to be endowed with a large number of fancy, openwork elements to give them high aesthetic qualities. As a result, they have become an integral part of the interior decoration and architectural design of buildings. The ancient staircases that were installed in the luxurious state rooms were a real work of art.
And so, the ladder serves to rise to heights. And important for the characteristics of the staircase is itssteepness (slope) .
The mathematics textbook for grade 6 (author N.Ya. Vilenkin and others) gives the following definition:
The steepness of a staircase is the ratio of the height of a step to its width.
slope = height: width
According to the slope, stairs are divided into steep and gentle. If the slope is less than 0.78 (slope 38°), stairs are consideredflat , and from 0.78 to 1 (slope from 38° to 45°) -cool .
We measured the steepness of various staircases, and found among them both gentle and very steep.
1. Every day when we come to our gymnasium, we climb two steps up the stairs. The steepness of this staircase is 0.36 (slope 20°).
2. And the primary school students of our gymnasium climb a staircase that has a steepness of 0.54 (slope 28°).
3. The steepness of the stairs in our gymnasium building is 0.45 (slope 24°).
4. The steepness of the stairs leading to the second floor in the utility block is 0.67 (slope 34°).
5. In tall buildings where space is limited and the lift height is high: in towers, mills, bell towers, etc., stairs with great steepness are used. Stone staircase with a steepness of 0.92 (slope42°) leads to the top of the bell tower of the Assumption Church, which is located on Bolotnaya Street.
6. And at the very top of the bell tower of the Assumption Church, in order to climb to the bells, there is a staircase with a steepness of 1.05 (slope46°).
7. We found the steepest staircase in the same bell tower. The wooden flight of stairs of the bell tower has a steepness of 2.6 (slope69°)!
Now let's get back to the special staircase in our utility block. We learned that these types of stairs are called “duck step”.The duck step is also known as the goose step, samba, and Japanese tread. All these names are very suitable for this design. Remember the gait of geese and ducks, they shift their weight from one leg to the other, while their body sways from side to side; if you climb these steps, your gait will be similar to that of a duck or goose. There is another option that explains the funny name - the shape of the steps is similar to the paws of a goose or duck. The name “samba” is also logical: dancing and climbing stairs must begin with a certain step, without losing the rhythm.
Such designs found their use ten centuries ago in Europe. They were used in high bell towers and were formerly called "monk's stairs." The goose step staircase has one big advantage - due to its unusual design, it takes up little space, almost half as much as a regular staircase.
We measured the steepness of the stairs in the utility room, and it turned out to be equal to 1.2 (slope50°).
Now let’s get acquainted with the most beautiful and famous staircases in the world.
Potemkinskaya ladder
Boulevardladderleading to the sea inOdessa . An architectural structure in the style of classicism, which is an architectural monument of the first half of the 19th century and one of the main attractions of the city. From the top stepsstairsA wide panorama of the seaport opens up. Today, the staircase consists of 192 steps (initially there were exactly two hundred, but during the expansion of the port, eight steps were lost) and a dozen flights. The length of the Potemkin Staircase is 142 meters, it was created perspectively - its base (21.7 m wide) is much wider than the top part (12.5 m), which is why, when viewed from above, the staircase gives the impression of the same width along its entire length.
Staircase over the sea in Spain
On the tiny Spanish island of Gaztelugatx lies a magnificent staircase. It leads high up the mountain to a hermit’s hut built in the 20th century. The best time to walk along the 237 steps, enjoying the silence and picturesque nature, is in spring or autumn. It's crowded here in summer.
Spiral staircase of Tiaihan, China
These steps will certainly appeal to extreme sports enthusiasts. Their height is 91.5 m. The staircase is located near Tiaihan Mountain in Lingzhou, China. Climbing up such stairs is a pleasure: you can feel the full force of the wind, admire the birds flying past, and feel the slight creaking of the steps under your feet.
Staircase as a work of art, Germany
This 21 m high staircase is verylooks like a roller coaster . You can walk along it, but you can’t go around the entire circle, because in the middle of the attraction"loop" .
Tourists nicknamed the stairs Tiger and Turtle. And she is inDuisburg , Germany.
Chand Baori Well, India
In the Indian village of Abaneri, near Jaipur, there is an interesting structure - Chand Baori, built in 800. The giant well has 3,500 steps that go 30 m underground.
The well was built to save as much water as possible, because this area is very dry. At the bottom of Chand Baori the temperature is 5-6 °C lower, so on especially hot days local residents come here to relax.
Livraria Lello – this staircase leads to book heaven
located in Porto, Portugal. Here is the most beautiful wooden staircase in the world's most beautiful bookstore. The interior of the store is absolutely amazing - richly decorated walls, intricate carvings and a red staircase curved in the most intricate way, topped with a stained glass ceiling.
Musical staircase at Odenplan metro station in Stockholm.
At the initiative of the Volkswagen concern, a staircase appeared at one of the Stockholm metro stations that not only resembles piano keys, but also produces real musical sounds. The idea behind the project was to encourage people to take stairs and it worked, with a 66% increase in the number of people taking the steps.
Staircase of the Moses Bridge. Netherlands.
Fort de Roover, built in the early 17th century, is surrounded by a moat and was originally built without a bridge. However, during a recent restoration program, it was decided to build a bridge to provide access to the fort.Out of respect for the fort's original island status, the Netherlands built the "Moses Bridge Staircase", an inconspicuous "submerged" bridge that sits flush with the soil and water line. The result is an almost invisible bridge that partially submerges people walking across it into the moat.
In conclusion, I would like to note that we were interested in finding the application of our school knowledge in the life around us.
List of information sources used :
1. Article:The history of stairs. Access mode:centersi. spb. ru/ staircase- art1. html .
2. Article: The Potemkin Stairs are one of the most beautiful staircases in the world. Access mode:lifeglobe. net/ blogs/ details? id=134
3. Article: The most beautiful stairs in the world. Access mode:
18.09.2017
In order not to have to correct an inconvenient and dangerous staircase, already at the stage of calculation for the drawing it is necessary to pay increased attention to the steepness of the future structure. The optimal angle of elevation is 34-41 degrees. In order to calculate the slope, you will need:
- Determine the place in the house where the product will be placed.
- Determine the distance from the second floor to the first step.
- Then calculate the height in a straight line, from the second to the first floor.
- You will get a right triangle, the degree of the angle will be the degree of the slope.
In order not to strain yourself with mathematics, you can load the data into a special program for calculation. It will be faster and more accurate.
How to fix a steep staircase to the second floor
If a mistake was nevertheless made, and access to the second floor is inconvenient, and the descent from the steps is too dangerous, then the design will have to be corrected. Unfortunately, there is no single instruction on how to do this. In any case, to correct the miscalculation, the entire structure will have to be redone. Installing a gooseneck staircase will help, but it will take some getting used to as the steps are not the same size.
Choosing an ergonomic and comfortable angle of inclination is one of the main tasks when designing a staircase. You can make a marching staircase or, conversely, a very compact and elegant spiral staircase - everything will depend on the area of the house and the height of its ceilings. Numerous photos on the Internet will help you create a beautiful design, but in order to design it correctly, you will have to remember your school days and do math.
When calculating the angle of inclination of the stairs, you need to take into account many nuances - you will learn about them in the article
As a rule, almost all stairs have a slope of 45˚. The width of the step must correspond to foot size 45, but not less than 30 cm, so that the person does not fall while going down. Please note that if you make the steps too wide, you will lose your step, and if you reduce the width too much, you will make it difficult for yourself to descend.
In principle, the elevation angle is not so difficult to calculate, knowing the height of the ceilings and the length of the bottom of the stairs. There are several ways:
- Take all necessary measurements. Just use a tape measure to measure the distance between the contact of the ceiling with the wall and the location of the bottom step.
- Make a special calculation. Think of the length and height of the triangle as the legs of a right triangle, and the length of the staircase will be the calculated hypotenuse.
The photo shows a version of the staircase with quite comfortable angles of inclination. Despite the fact that the staircase looks unusual, climbing to the second floor is not difficult
Maximum tilt angle
In order to understand what the maximum angle a staircase can have, let’s divide all their available types into groups with their characteristic angle of inclination:
- Domestic stairs intended for residential premises – angle of inclination from 30˚ to 45˚;
- Ramps, gentle stairs - the maximum slope is 30 degrees;
- Extension, steep stairs - from 45˚ to 75˚;
- Evacuation and utility stairs have an inclination angle of over 75˚.
But a slope of less than 23˚ for an internal staircase is not even discussed, since no one will waste meters of living space on “laying a lying” staircase. It’s even difficult to imagine how long it should be with such a small slope to rise to the next floor, with a ceiling height of 3 meters.
Comfortable tilt angle
The most comfortable tilt angle is considered to be 40 – 45˚, but this design is very bulky, so it is usually used in large rooms.
A staircase with an inclination angle of 30–36˚ is quite compact, but not so comfortable. Climbing up such a staircase structure will be convenient, but descending is quite dangerous, so it is better to do it backwards.
Before you start building a staircase, you need to “scan” all the space available in your home. Each room should be used to the maximum, so you need to make calculations and choose an option in which the stairs will not take up much space.
It is imperative to install railings if there are more than three steps in your structure. The width of the steps should be about 0.28 - 0.30 meters, and the height - 0.15 - 0.18 meters. When all the steps are the same size, this increases the safety of its use.
Standard tilt angle
As mentioned earlier, the standard and most optimal angle of inclination of the staircase structure is considered to be 40 - 45˚. But since such a staircase is very large and takes up a lot of space, many people neglect these recommendations. We will give you expert advice on the slope of the march and the size of the steps.
Ideal tilt angle
The flight angle, in most cases, ranges from 20˚ to 50˚. The most ideal is considered to be a slope that ranges from 30 to 45˚. But, unfortunately, not every person has a lot of space to mark out such a convenient staircase structure.
Please note that the smaller the angle, the more dangerous it will be to move along it, and the larger the angle, the more cumbersome it will be.
Important! A comfortable step when climbing stairs with an inclination of more than 45 degrees is practically impossible, but you can safely descend them only with your back forward. It’s probably not worth talking about children who won’t be able to climb such a ladder.
How to calculate the angle of a staircase
You can calculate the angle of inclination of the stairs using one indicator - the length of the step when an adult walks calmly on a horizontal surface. The slope of certain flights is calculated separately depending on the number and height of steps. If you have a ready-made project, then the angle of the stairs is incredibly easy to determine.
The height of the steps will be ideal at a value of 150 - 180 mm, width - 280 - 300 mm. Adhering to such standards, the angle of inclination can be calculated using the formula: 2x + y = 580/660 mm, where x is the height of the steps, and y is the width. If the size of the steps is less than 145 mm, you need to use a different formula: x + y.
The above formulas use a width that is equal to the average size of a person’s foot, and a height that corresponds to the size of a step. From this we can conclude that the lower the step, the wider it should be, and vice versa.
Angle of inclination of stairs according to GOST
When thinking about building stairs in your home, you need to remember that they must be manufactured in accordance with GOST and SNIP, the main provisions of which speak of:
- If the house has more than two floors, then the stairs should have one flight;
- The width of the structure for the passage of one person must be at least 80 cm, and for the passage of 2 people - at least 1 meter;
- Marches must have at least 3 and no more than 18 steps;
- The slope of the staircase structure should be no more than 1:1 (the ascent angle should be 45°) and no less than 1:2 (the ascent angle should be 26° and 40′). When climbing a slope of more than 50˚, use ladders of the attached type to climb along slope less than 5˚ - use ramps. The most convenient are staircase structures with a slope of 26°7’/30°.
Interesting fact! It is better to make the number of steps in a flight odd, since it is more comfortable for people to start and complete the ascent or descent of the stairs with the same foot.
Inclination angle of the ladder
The attached staircase structure rests against the floor and wall with bowstrings so as to remain completely stable and at the same time provide the opportunity to climb to a hard-to-reach place.
The angle of inclination of the attached staircase structure is about 60 - 75˚, so ascent and descent along such a structure is quite difficult, and carrying any loads is generally impossible.
Video
From the video you will learn how to properly install a staircase to the attic, as well as various subtleties that need to be taken into account during installation.
There is nothing complicated in designing a staircase. The main thing is to follow the formulas and established rules, correctly calculate the width and length of the structure in general, as well as the number of feet and the angle of inclination. A well-designed and well-installed staircase will serve you for many years.