How to make an electric motor in 15 minutes
- DIY or Do It Yourself
It is always interesting to observe changing phenomena, especially if you yourself participate in the creation of these phenomena. Now we will assemble a simple (but actually working) electric motor, consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of wire, which we will make ourselves.
There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor; a secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:
1.5V battery or accumulator.
Holder with contacts for battery.
Magnet.
1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).
0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).
We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will rotate. To make the coil sufficiently smooth and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.
Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.
Do not try to wind the reel particularly tightly and evenly; a slight degree of freedom will help the reel better retain its shape.
Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.
Then wrap the loose ends of the wire around the coils several times to maintain the shape, making sure that the new fastening coils are exactly opposite each other.
The coil should look like this: 
Now is the time for the secret, the feature that will make the engine work. This is a secret because it is a subtle and non-obvious technique and is very difficult to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about how engines work can be surprised by a motor's ability to perform until they discover this subtlety.
Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of the table. Using a sharp knife, remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.
Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are facing up at the two free ends of the coil.
What is the point of this technique? The coil will rest on two holders made of bare wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery so that electric current could pass from one holder through the coil to another holder. But this will only happen when the bare halves of the wire are lowered down, touching the holders.
Now you need to make a support for the coil. These are simply coils of wire that support the coil and allow it to rotate. They are made of bare wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they must deliver electric current to it.
Simply wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you have your engine part.
The base of our first electric motor will be the battery holder. This will be a suitable base because when installed battery it will be heavy enough to prevent the electric motor from shaking.
Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet first). Place a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil... 
If everything is done correctly, the REEL WILL START ROTATING FAST! We hope that for you, as in our experiment, everything will work the first time.
If the engine still does not work, check everything carefully electrical connections. Does the reel rotate freely? Is the magnet close enough (if not, install additional magnets or trim wire holders)?
When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is quite high. Simply remove the coil and the chain will be broken.
Let's find out exactly how our simplest electric motor. When electric current flows through the wire of any coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet. An electromagnet acts like a regular magnet. It has a north and south pole and can attract and repel other magnets.
Our coil becomes an electromagnet when the bare half of the coil's protruding wire touches the bare holder. At this moment, current begins to flow through the coil, the coil has a north pole, which is attracted to the south pole of the permanent magnet, and a south pole, which is repelled from the south pole of the permanent magnet.
We stripped the insulation from the top of the wire while the coil was standing vertically, so the poles of the electromagnet will point to the right and left. This means that the poles will begin to move to be located in the same plane with the poles of the lying magnet, directed up and down. Therefore the coil will turn towards the magnet. But in this case, the insulated part of the coil wire will touch the holder, the current will be interrupted, and the coil will no longer be an electromagnet. It will rotate further by inertia, touch the non-insulated part of the holder again, and the process will repeat again and again until the current runs out in the batteries.
How can you make an electric motor spin faster?
One way is to add another magnet on top.
Apply a magnet while the coil is spinning, and one of two things will happen: either the motor will stop, or it will start spinning faster. The choice of one of the two options will depend on which pole of the new magnet will be directed towards the coil. Just remember to hold the bottom magnet, otherwise the magnets will jump towards each other and destroy the fragile structure!
Another way is to place small glass beads on the coil axis, which will reduce the friction of the coil on the holders and also better balance the electric motor.
There are many more ways to improve this simple design, but we have achieved the main goal - you have assembled and fully understood how a simple electric motor works.
For a basic electromagnetic motor you need an AA battery, two paper clips, an enameled wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm, glue or tape, plasticine for attaching the structure to the table, a small magnet, which should not be too large and not too small. The size of the magnet should be approximately the diameter of the coil. Buy them in this store.
How to make a simple motor.
Bend the paper clips. Make a basic coil of 6-7 turns from enamel-insulated wire. Secure the ends of the wire to the spool with a knot and strip one end of insulation along its entire length, and the other along its entire length, but only on one side.
Secure the battery clips with glue or other material. Place a magnet on top of the battery. Place the entire assembly on the table and secure it. Place the spool so that the ends of the spool are touching the paperclip with their stripped sides. When current flows through the wire, an electromagnetic field arises and the coil becomes an electromagnet. The magnet should be placed so that the poles of the magnet and the coil are the same, then the permanent magnet and the electromagnet coil will repel each other. This force turns the coil at the very beginning of the rotation due to the fact that one end is stripped along the length of only one side, it momentarily loses contact and the magnetic field disappears. By inertia, the coil turns, contact is restored again and the cycle begins again. As you can see, making a simple motor with your own hands is quite simple! it describes in more detail how to make a simple motor, which was discussed above.
Whole assembly magnetic motor on video
A simplified model of a motor made from a battery and wire
There are many types of electric motors and they can be classified according to different criteria. One of them is the type of electricity supplied to them. We can differentiate between DC and AC motors.
One of the first engines DC DC was a Faraday drive, which, like many motors, was a reversible machine. After supplying mechanical energy, it produced electricity (unipolar generator).
Today we are going to build a simple but working model of a DC motor.
Materials
The materials needed to make a toy can be found in every home. We need:
A small amount of wire in the enamel with a diameter of 0.3-0.6 mm
R6 – 1.5 V battery
The magnet may be small
Auxiliary materials: tin, rosin, a piece of wire and part of a universal printed circuit board for the “deluxe” version
Of course, we also need a soldering iron with resistance or transformer resistance.
We are working
The enameled wires should be wound around the battery, creating a small circle that will serve as the motor winding. Then, with the ends of the wire, wrap the winding so that it does not develop.
To get the impeller ready, you must still remove the insulating enamel on the ends of the wire that will serve as the axle. Additionally, one of them will also be a primitive switch. Therefore, if on the one hand we remove all the enamel, on the other hand we must do it only on one side, top or bottom:
The easiest way to do this is to place the straightened end of the wire on flat air, such as a countertop, and then scrape away the enamel on top using a razor blade. I remind you that the other end must be insulated around the perimeter!
Finally, straighten the axle so that the impeller is as balanced as possible.
Then make two small hoops (bearings) in which the rotor will spin. The diameter of the rim should be about 3mm (it is best to use a winding nail).
Pieces of wire with bearings must be soldered to the battery. Then we will glue it together into a small magnet so that one of its poles points upward. It should all look something like this:
If you now turn on the rotor, it should rotate with high speed around its axis. Sometimes a little pre-start is required by gently turning the rotor until it "snaps" into place. This model of the electric motor performed during this action can be seen in the video:
We can also make a more durable version of this physical toy. I used a large magnet from an old speaker that I attached to a universal printed circuit board with fragments of wires. Also, more rigid brackets are soldered to it. Flat battery 4.5V is located under the plate, and also under it there are cables that provide voltage to the brackets. The jumper visible on the right side functions as a switch. The design looks like this: 
The work of this model is also depicted in the video.
How and why does it work?
The whole joke is based on the use of electrodynamic force. This force acts on every conductor through which electric current flows when placed in a magnetic field. Its action is described in the left-hand rule.
When current passes through a coil, an electrodynamic force acts on it because it is in the magnetic field created by permanent magnet. This force causes the coil to rotate until the current is interrupted. This is due to the fact that one of the axes through which the current is supplied is isolated only along half the perimeter. Although the force is no longer working, the coil performs the second half of the rotation due to its inertia. This continues until the axis turns into its isolated side. The circuit will be closed and the cycle will repeat.
The presented electric motor is a simple but effective physical toy. The lack of any sensible practical applications makes the game very enjoyable.
Have fun and informative entertainment!
Hello dear readers of the column! Today we invite you to make the simplest electric battery motor(see). Despite the fact that this engine is quite simple to make, this activity will be quite interesting and educational.
In order to make an electric motor from a battery, we will need:
— AA battery;
- thin-nose pliers;
- magnet, preferably round shape;
- copper wire.
Making an electric motor
From copper wire(read) use thin-nose pliers to bend a heart-shaped figure (see photo below), which should be bent so as to have the fastening and center of gravity at one point (this is important for the stability and rotation of the structure). We place the minus battery on the magnet. Using thin-nose pliers, make a small dent on the positive side of the battery (one end of the copper wire will be placed on it). Now we put a copper wire structure on the battery and watch how our electric motor begins to rotate.
Electric motor made of battery and magnet
Why does it work
Electric motor from a battery begins to work because the movement of charged particles that occurs in the wire ( electric charge) is exposed to a magnetic field that deflects the direction of their movement. In physics, this deviation is called the Lorentz force.
For a better understanding of the entire process, watch this video.
It is always interesting to observe changing phenomena, especially if you yourself participate in the creation of these phenomena. Now we will assemble a simple (but actually working) electric motor, consisting of a power source, a magnet and a small coil of wire, which we will make ourselves.
There is a secret that will make this set of items become an electric motor. A secret that is both clever and amazingly simple. Here's what we need:
1 meter of wire with enamel insulation (diameter 0.8-1 mm).
0.3 meters of bare wire (diameter 0.8-1 mm).
1.5V battery or accumulator.
Holder with contacts for battery.
We'll start by winding the coil, the part of the motor that will rotate. To make the coil sufficiently smooth and round, we wind it on a suitable cylindrical frame, for example, on an AA battery.
Leaving 5 cm of wire free at each end, we wind 15-20 turns on a cylindrical frame.
Do not try to wind the reel particularly tightly and evenly; a slight degree of freedom will help the reel better retain its shape.
Now carefully remove the coil from the frame, trying to maintain the resulting shape.
Then wrap the loose ends of the wire around the coils several times to maintain the shape, making sure that the new fastening coils are exactly opposite each other.
The coil should look like this:
Now is the time for the secret, the feature that will make the engine work. This is a secret because it is a subtle and non-obvious technique and is very difficult to detect when the motor is running. Even people who know a lot about how engines work can be surprised by a motor's ability to perform until they discover this subtlety.
Holding the spool upright, place one of the free ends of the spool on the edge of the table. Using a sharp knife, remove the top half of the insulation, leaving the bottom half in the enamel insulation.
Do the same with the other end of the coil, making sure that the bare ends of the wire are facing up at the two free ends of the coil.
What is the point of this technique? The coil will rest on two holders made of bare wire. These holders will be attached to different ends of the battery so that electric current can flow from one holder through the coil to the other holder. But this will only happen when the bare halves of the wire are lowered down, touching the holders.
Now you need to make a support for the coil. These are simply coils of wire that support the coil and allow it to rotate. They are made of bare wire, since in addition to supporting the coil, they must deliver electric current to it.
Simply wrap each piece of bare wire around a small nail and you have your desired motor part.
The foundation of our first The electric motor will have a battery holder. This will be a suitable base because with the battery installed it will be heavy enough to the electric motor did not tremble.
Assemble the five pieces together as shown in the picture (without the magnet first). Place a magnet on top of the battery and gently push the coil...
If everything is done correctly, the REEL WILL START ROTATING FAST! We hope that for you, as in our experiment, everything will work the first time.
If the motor still does not work, carefully check all electrical connections. Does the reel rotate freely? Is the magnet close enough (if not, install additional magnets or trim wire holders)?
When the motor starts, the only thing you need to pay attention to is that the battery does not overheat, since the current is quite large. Simply remove the coil and the chain will be broken.