The project of an ergonomic European cottage, designed to accommodate a family of 3-5 people, will appeal to everyone who wants to get maximum comfort with minimal investment.
House with a total area of 142.2 sq. m attracts attention with its pleasant exterior, convenient layout and functionality. A large terrace wraps around the end and back of the house. In its covered part you can park your car, using this area as a garage.
If you admire houses from pictures or American films, with this project you can make your dreams come true.
The entrance group is practically not marked out at all. Its presence is indicated only by a visor located on the roof directly above front door. From the threshold you are greeted by a vestibule, from which you enter a small hall. On the right is the door to the office with an area of 16 square meters. m, from which you can arrange, if necessary, a guest room or another bedroom.
From the hall you can also get into the boiler room, which occupies 5.7 square meters. m. You can also arrange a laundry room here. There is also an entrance to the boiler room from the street. If you plan to install a solid fuel boiler for heating, then appreciate the advantages of a separate entrance.
The central place on the ground floor is traditionally allocated to the day area, consisting of a living room and small kitchen. Spacious living room with an area of 32.2 sq. m combined with a kitchen occupying 7.6 square meters. m in single space, thereby creating a large and bright room, regardless of the time of day.
The kitchen is designed to have a pantry where you can store winter preparations or kitchen utensils. If desired, the pantry can be removed, thereby increasing the kitchen area.
There are three small windows on one wall of the living room, and on the back side of the house there are large window-doors on almost the entire wall of the room, from the ceiling to the floor.
And another nice feature of the living room is the presence of a fireplace.
There is a small bathroom on the floor.
The staircase located in the hall leads to the attic level, where the private area of the owners of the mansion is located. There are three bedrooms, a large bathroom with an area of about 10 square meters. m and attic.
In big parents' bedroom, occupying 23.4 sq. m, if there is a balcony and access to the attic, which can be used as a dressing room.
Two rooms with skylights can be allocated for children's rooms. If you have one child, then they can be combined into one spacious room, which will serve as both a bedroom and a playroom for the child.
Finished foundation decorative bricks, gable roof covered with metal tiles brick color and facade elements made of wood, together create a single architectural ensemble, attractive with its impeccable simplicity.
How perfect is he? Vacation home? Each person has his own ideas about comfort, beauty, the shape of a building and architectural style. However, there is something behind the scenes that makes a home ideal for living in. This is knowledge proven by time and generations of people, based on practice and study. comfortable conditions life, work and leisure of a person. This is the ergonomics of the interior space of the house, standard rules planning, creating and maintaining not only a comfortable stay in it, but also making it possible to make the operation of the house economical.
About what we're talking about? First of all, when designing country house, his inner space it is necessary to conditionally divide into zones: residential and economic. Separate these zones as much as possible so that the economic part is not in sight, but at the same time within easy access for the owners. These are auxiliary premises, premises for servicing the house and residents: kitchens, pantries, laundry, boiler room, garage, workshop. It is better to place the kitchen and pantry closer to entrance group so that there is no need to go through other rooms into them. The boiler room should have a separate exit to the site; you can make a passage into it through the garage; it is advisable not to make an entrance to the boiler room directly from the house. It is better to isolate this room. The garage and workshop should also be a separate block, not touching other rooms of the house, except perhaps the entrance area. We've sorted out the input part. It should not be conspicuous; it is a home maintenance mechanism.
The remaining premises work to create comfort and provide for human needs - these are living quarters. Here the classification is more expanded. The living area is divided into day and evening, private and public. That is, day rooms are zones common use. Such as: hall, living room, dining room, veranda, terrace, bathrooms. Night rooms are rooms closed from prying eyes. Intimate area of residents: bedrooms, dressing rooms and bathrooms adjacent directly to the rooms. The most advantageous home planning takes into account the availability of bedrooms for each family member.
It is advisable to separate private and public areas. Typically, private premises are placed on a separate floor, or located in the back of the house. They communicate with the hall and entrance area, bypassing public areas.
It is also important to take into account guest area, create comfort and provide the necessary isolation of the guest room.
When thinking about the layout of your home, you should pay attention to the composition of the family: children, adults, elderly relatives, pets. It is necessary to isolate the territory of each group as much as possible so that noisy children do not disturb the older generation and, conversely, the evening leisure of adults does not disturb the rest of the children. Rooms for the elderly should be designed on the ground floor, so as not to tire them by climbing the stairs.
Premises of the same purpose can be combined into groups. For example, kitchen-dining room, dining room-living room, bedroom-office, office-library, guest bedroom-office, etc. This technique saves space by removing unnecessary corridors.
It is better to provide two entrance zones in the house, one from the side of the main entrance, the second leading directly to the site, for household needs. Entrance zones there may also be several if several families live in the house.
The staircase must be illuminated with natural light for safety reasons. It is also necessary at the time of design to think about how much you want to use it in the interior. That is, do you want to highlight the staircase for public viewing and use, or, conversely, hide it? In the first case, it is worth placing it in the living room, in the second, in the hall or hallway.
As the family grows and the number increases, you can expand the house, make an extension or arrange an attic. It is better to provide for this opportunity at the design stage of the house.
As for efficiency, there are many tricks that can help you save money. Firstly, the very shape of the house. The simpler it is, the fewer projections, bay windows and balconies on the facade, the cheaper the construction and the less heat loss through the external walls. The shape of the roof, or rather its simplicity and conciseness, also reduces the cost of construction.
Rules for the location of the house relative to the cardinal directions, the position of the sun and the wind reduce the cost of heating in winter and air conditioning in summer. Rooms should be located based on the position of the sun. Living quarters to the south to use thermal energy, A north side It’s better to give it to the economic part.
It makes more sense to unite engineering communications as a block, not to separate them far from each other, that is, bathrooms on different floors should be located above each other, the kitchen and boiler room are tied to the bathroom on the first floor.
A built-in garage is also an economical measure. Firstly, it saves heating, and secondly, it saves space, because you can place part of it in the garage engineering systems. Thirdly, it's comfortable. It is convenient to get into the garage directly from home, without going outside.
When building a house, you need to pay attention not only to planning, but also to Constructive decisions. Consider good sound and thermal insulation and eliminate “cold bridges.”
Choose environmentally friendly, quality materials for construction, do not skimp on design and construction. This will pay off in the future use of the house. Build energy efficient house and enjoy the coordinated operation of all its systems. Let it serve your family for decades and become for you not only a fortress, but also an island of coziness and comfort in the fast pace of modern life.
“Ergonomics in the design of a private home” - we often hear this phrase when it comes to creating stylish interiors apartments, design of home and office space.
Ergonomics (from ancient Greek ?sgpn - work and nmpt - “law”) - in the traditional sense - the science of adapting a person’s living space for the most effective and safe living, based on the mental and physical characteristics of the human body.
In other words, ergonomics in interior design is not the presence of specific phenomena, but rather their absence: when a person feels free and comfortable, without wondering why this is happening. Ergonomics is exactly that driving force, which leads to improved working and rest conditions for a person, and over a long period of time it maximally contributes to maintaining the body in normal tone. Ergonomics studies and establishes the correspondence of all elements in the house to the comfortable pastime of a person in a recreation area or in the workplace, starting with the creation ideal temperature in the room and ending with such a detail as a computer “mouse”. Ergonomics follows the principle: “the interior is for the person, not the person for the interior.”
And lastly: it’s hard to imagine ergonomics without ideal color combinations, playing a decisive role in the creation modern style. Moreover, it is in the choice color range grandiose design solutions are implemented.
Living space (apartment, house) can be divided into the following: functional areas:
§ Communication space (hallway, corridors);
§ Space for interfamily communication (common room, living room);
§ Work and study space (office, student study area, workplace);
§ Space for preparing and eating food (kitchen, kitchen-dining room);
§ Space for recovery and personal hygiene (bathroom, bathroom, exercise room);
§ Space for sleeping, individual space (bedroom, nursery, personal room, place to sleep);
§ Space for favorite activities, hobbies (studio, workshop, separate place at the table);
§ Storage area (pantry, utility room, cabinet, shelf).
The comfort of furniture is determined by its size human body and the relationship with other objects in the apartment. So the height of the chair seat from the floor depends on the height of the table. When resting while sitting, they often prefer a body position with legs extended forward. For people with spinal curvature, chairs are recommended that provide them with a comfortable posture due to the back, which consists of two elements and is adjustable in height.
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General living room- This is usually the largest room in size. It is often used as a dining room, as well as for leisure: relaxing, eating, watching TV, studying, receiving guests and even sleeping. To create comfortable conditions, it is recommended to break common room into zones that perform separate functions, so the number of items in such a room should be minimal, and their usefulness maximum.
For a comfortable state of a person, the selection of furniture in the recreation area should be designed taking into account its physical parameters. It is advisable to place this zone in the quietest and most isolated part of the common room. For relaxation there are sofas, armchairs, coffee table, bar, shelves, bookcases, video and audio equipment. A carpet on the floor can be used to tie together the individual parts of the soft set. The TV can be installed on legs, a special cabinet or in a niche of cabinet furniture. Installation height 30-75 cm, minimum distance viewers to the screen is determined by the size of the screen diagonal.
It is not recommended to place the dining table in the center of the room, as this leads to irrational use of space. It is convenient to place the table with its end close to one of the walls. In small spaces you can use the built-in folding dinner table or a table-book.
If there is a sleeping place in the living room, then it should be isolated. The living room area can be visually increased by connecting it to the kitchen or hallway with glazed doors (if there is no sleeping place). Sometimes a partition or sliding doors are used for these purposes.
The sleeping area is primarily based on the size of the owner of the room lying down. In terms of the design and width of the supports, the bed must have dimensions and location that allow it to be removed without difficulty. It is not recommended to place the bed along outer wall, and its head should not be under shelves or behind a closet.
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One of important parts in the house there is a workplace, which is also created on the basis of a person’s anthropometric data. Ergonomics in the interior design of a work office implies the presence of a chair that is optimal in height, which is equipped with high-quality lumbar-subscapular support. Working surface must have a considerable area so that all the accessories and materials necessary for the work can be placed on it. The best option will be the installation of a swivel chair, which will also save small space. The width of passages in the office should exceed 50 cm. Another important factor- availability of proper lighting.
However, normal work flow is impossible in the presence of light that leaves shadows on the table surface or harshly enters the eyes. It is desirable that elements of natural lighting be present as much as possible in the room with a work surface.
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Rice. 71. Desk ergonomics
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When zoning a children's room, you need to consider several important points. Firstly, everything in the room should be easy to access. Secondly, the child should be comfortable using all pieces of furniture in the room: opening doors, pulling out drawers, etc.
Therefore, when purchasing and arranging furniture, you need to take into account the age, or more precisely, the height of the child. Below is a table of sizes corresponding to the age category of children from 3 to 7 years.
Table 7
1. Passages between furniture - at least 60-80 cm. Ideally - 100 cm.
2. Height and depth of the cabinet. Shelves should be within reach of the child. For example, a 7-year-old child will be able to reach shelves at a height of approximately 150 cm. A sufficient cabinet height is 180 cm. It is good if the cabinet design allows you to change the height of the shelves. Optimal depth cabinet - 45-50 cm. If the room is large and a child will live in it adolescence- 60 cm.
3. Height children's table: up to 3 years -34 cm; 5 years - 44.5 cm; 7 years - 48 cm. Chair height - 18 cm, 26.5 cm and 29 cm respectively. These are average figures, more specific ones depend on the child’s height.
4. Everything that you decide to hang on the walls in the nursery should be within sight. It is easier for children to focus on an object at a certain height. For children 2-4 years old, the upper level of the visibility zone is 130 cm, for children 4-7 years old - 144-163 cm.
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If there is no children's room in the apartment, the living room is equipped with children's Corner, where it is possible to store toys and books, play and study, in accordance with the age and number of children. Since small children often play on the floor, a carpet should be placed on it, which also marks this area, or carpet,
Thus, ergonomics is the scientific basis for creating “humane” interiors, and ergonomic design is the most pleasant and comfortable space for humans, planned and implemented by professionals.
second light
1. Foundation
- Armature AIII, Ø12.16
- Concrete M-300 (B22.5)
2. Covering the foundation
- AIII fittings, Ø12
- Concrete M-300 (B22.5)
- Glue for honeycomb block.
- Window sill reinforcement.
- AIII fittings, Ø12
- Concrete M-300 (B22.5)
5. Roof
Steam-hydro protection:
The offer also includes:
- Garbage removal.
- Cabin rental.
- Technical supervision.
- Unexpected expenses.
about the project
Project price 37,500 rubles.
Construction cost from RUB 3,390,000.
When ordering a house construction project as a gift
Project typeTwo storey house with a thoughtful layout
SquareTotal area: 150 m2
Living area: 150 m2
Construction area: 116 m2
Length: 11 m
Width: 10 m
Height: 8.4 m
Number of storeys: 1+attic
Number of rooms: 5
Number of bedrooms: 4
Number of bathrooms: 2
Layouts and facades
Description of equipment
Ergonomic project two-story house with a thoughtful layout, optimally suited for big family. On the ground floor of the house, a large day area is planned, which includes a spacious living room with second light and partially open kitchen. Also on the ground floor there is an additional living room that can be used as a guest room or study. Utility and sanitary facilities are located in a separate block. On the second floor there are three bedrooms and a shared bathroom with a toilet, accessible from the central hall. The most large bedroom(19.14 m²) has access to a balcony.
The basic cost of construction from aerated concrete according to the VH-3 project will be: RUB 3,390,000.
Cost of construction from ceramic blocks: +10%
The above price includes the following equipment:
1. Foundation
- Bored piles buried 1.8 m below ground level, diameter 300 mm
- Tying piles with shallow tape 300x600 mm
- Filling the space between the belts with sand with layer-by-layer compaction and pouring water
- Armature AIII, Ø12.16
- Concrete M-300 (B22.5)
2. Covering the foundation
- Laying insulation (EPP 50 mm)
- Reinforced concrete slab 150 mm thick
- AIII fittings, Ø12
- Concrete M-300 (B22.5)
3. Walls (enclosing structures)
- The height of the 1st floor is 3 m, the second floor is attic.
- Waterproofing the perimeter of the slab under the masonry.
- Bearers external walls: aerated concrete block 500/400 mm Bonolit.
- Bearers interior walls: aerated concrete block 250 mm Bonolit.
- Internal partitions: aerated concrete block 150 mm Bonolit.
- Glue for honeycomb block.
- Window sill reinforcement.
- Over-window and over-door monolithic lintels.
4. Monolithic ceiling 1st floor
- Interfloor reinforced concrete floor with double reinforcement mesh 150 mm
- AIII fittings, Ø12
- Concrete M-300 (B22.5)
5. Roof
Device rafter system with battens
(Planed, treated fire-resistant lumber)
Steam-hydro protection:
- Waterproofing Yutavek 115, diffusion membrane.
- Vapor barrier Yutafol N AL 170 (special), heat-reflecting vapor barrier.
- Insulation of roof slopes mineral wool 200 mm
Roof covering (material in calculation):
- Tile BRAAS Frank. red/kor/t-kor/black
6. Dormer windows (materials + installation):
Velux roof window + installation kit (frame, waterproofing BBX0000+EDW/S2000) VELUX Mans. window GZR 3050 MR06 (78x118)
7. Chimneys and ventilation. Schiedel channels (materials + installation)
- Chimney Schiedel UNI d=180L with vent. channel
- Chimney Schiedel UNI d=200L with vent. channel
- Ventilation duct 4x, 36/50 cm Schiedel
8. Mortgages for engineering systems
- Mortgages in the foundation for water input (depth 1.8 m).
- Mortgages in the foundation for drainage.
- Mounting holes in the interfloor ceiling.
The offer also includes:
- Additional costs ~ 5-9% (already included in the calculation)
- Garbage removal.
- Cabin rental.
- Technical supervision.
- Unexpected expenses.
Ergonomics studies the interactions between humans and surrounding objects to identify optimal design principles and create comfortable elements of the environment. Respectively, ergonomic house should be beautiful, harmonious, comfortable and functional. We’ll look at how to achieve this at the design stage in this review.
Number of floors in the house
You can start with analysis required quantity floors of the future house. First of all, throw away all destructive reasoning: “I want, I want more, so that the neighbors will envy.” Agree, this is not the right approach. And the most unpleasant thing that can happen is that the construction process is unreasonable big house will stretch for a long period. Funds will begin to run out, time will run out and the realization of the mistake made will not give you peace - and nothing can be done about it.
One-story houses- the simplest and cheapest to build. Their main disadvantage is that in such a house it is difficult to plan more than five rooms. Each subsequent one will either increase the number of walk-through rooms or add unused space in the form of corridors.
Another important point is that by increasing the size of a one-story house,
you are reducing the area land plot. In this case, there is an overexpenditure of materials for the construction of the foundation and roofing.
House with attic floor increases the usable area by one and a half to two times. Availability not full floor with a sloping ceiling is more than compensated for by greater freedom in planning, minimizing the cost of foundation and roofing.
House on several floors optimal for a large family. With the same composition of premises, a two-story house will allow you to leave large area plot for a garden and, as in the case of the attic floor, will reduce material costs at certain stages.
Optimal number of rooms
Let's take the average family of four as an example:
- Everyone should have their own room.
- Parents can limit themselves to a shared bedroom.
- One common room must be provided. Her role is usually played by living room. As a result, we get four living rooms.
If frequent receptions of guests are planned, then it would be logical to include additional guest room.
Often, people working at home with any documents need cabinet. Let it be small room from 9 m². It will freely accommodate desk and a filing cabinet. If necessary, the office can be used as a guest bedroom.
Kitchen The house should be spacious. Having a separate dining room, the size of the kitchen can be reduced to a permissible 6 meters.
Sanitary rooms- a must in the house. For a family of 4 people, two toilets and a separate bathroom will be enough.
When designing, try to exclude unnecessary corridors and non-functional areas. Optimize the number and size of premises, as more rooms, the more expensive it will cost to build a house.
House shape
The shape and size of the house are important when creating ergonomic architecture. At the same time, it is necessary to strive for simplicity, functionality and overall harmony of the composition.
A simple solution - square house with symmetrical gable roof. By paying attention to all the details when building such a house, you can get a very beautiful and comfortable architectural structure.
When designing rectangular house try to follow the “golden ratio” rule, according to which the ratio of the long side to the short side should be equal to 1.62. This proportion gives the most harmonious size ratio. The rule also applies to height. For example, if the length of the building is 10 m, then the most acceptable height to the roof overhang is 10/1.62 = 6.2 m. For certain design solutions, the calculation results can be corrected.
Summarize. Having analyzed the ergonomic internal and external layout of the house, for a family consisting of two spouses and two children, we can recommend a one-story house with an attic or two-story option area 100-130 m².