How to identify a fistula in a heating pipe. Fistula on the heating pipe. Basic requirements for repairing metal pipes

The formation of a fistula in a heating or water riser mounted from metal pipes is not uncommon. The situation needs to be corrected as quickly as possible. Therefore, information on how to repair a fistula in a pipe and what methods are available to eliminate it will not be superfluous.

The presence of a red-colored build-up on the pipe, which is called pitting corrosion, indicates a problem and that the pipeline can burst at any time. Damage occurs as a result of partial destruction or general wear of the line, or under the influence of stray currents. When a fistula is detected, the reason for its appearance no longer matters, the main thing is to eliminate it as quickly as possible.

A variety of ways to seal a fistula

To properly deal with the problem, first of all, you need to understand what a fistula in a pipeline is. This is the hole in the pipe through which water flows out.

You can eliminate it in several ways:

With a bolt;

Using a temporary bandage;

Using an adhesive bandage;

Cold welding method.

But at the same time, it is imperative to drain the water from the system by closing the valves and opening all available taps.

Seal a hole with a bolt

This option involves a number of actions:

1. Expand the fistula in the pipe with a drill.

2. Cut the thread with a tap.

3. Screw the bolt into the resulting hole.

This method cannot be used when the pipes are too old, since it will be impossible to thread them, and attempts to do this usually end in increasing the size of the leak.

Repair using a temporary bandage

This method is used when the fistula in the pipeline has an oblong, elongated appearance.

A bandage is applied to the hole using sealing gaskets, which can be made from the following products:

Medical tourniquet;

Thick glove;

Bicycle tire;

Boot top, etc.

The main thing is that the size of the rubber gasket is significantly larger than the size of the hole. To fix the bandage on the pipeline, clamps or bolts are used.

Sealing with adhesive bandage

Elimination of a fistula using this method is carried out in stages:

1. Use a metal brush to clean the pipeline from dirt, treat its surface with acetone or gasoline and allow it to dry for 15 minutes.

2. Tapes are cut from the fiberglass, the length of which depends on the diameter of the pipe - it is necessary that the winding has at least 6 layers. The width of the material must exceed the cross-section of the pipeline by no less than one third.

3. Apply BF-2 glue to the edges of the tape, then use a spatula to cover one side of it with epoxy adhesive.

4.The tool is pressed firmly against the fiberglass so that it is well saturated with glue.

5.Then the tape is wound tightly onto a previously prepared surface so that its center covers the problem area.

6.The bandage is secured with metal tape.

7.After 24 hours, you are allowed to use the repaired pipeline.

If the system is laid in an unheated room where the temperature does not exceed 17 degrees, the pipeline can be used only after 4 days.

Cold welding method

Repair of water pipes without welding is carried out using a special composition:

1. The hole is expanded with a drill.

2. The surface of the pipeline is degreased and cleaned with acetone.

3. When the pipe is dry, apply a product called “cold welding” to it and wait for it to completely harden - this usually takes about 10 minutes.

When using cold welding or epoxy adhesive, you must use rubber gloves. If glue gets on the skin, it must be removed with cotton wool and acetone, and then washed with warm water and soap.

Hole sealing process

When the system is worn out, it is advisable to prepare several clamps having the same diameter as the pipeline. In addition, you need to stock up on tires for them. If a water pipe fistula appears at night, such preparation will not be superfluous, since the emergency team is unlikely to arrive in a matter of minutes.

If the hole is small, it can be sealed using a regular vehicle clamp:

1. Cut a thin strip from a piece of rubber - its width should be 2-4 millimeters larger than the same parameter for the clamp. The length of the section is measured by wrapping the material around the pipe. The excess piece of tape is cut off.

2. The clamp is opened and placed on the pipe, then it is not grabbed tightly.

3. A rubber gasket is placed under the clamp and carefully moved to the location where the hole appears.

4.After covering the fistula, the clamp is tightened using a screwdriver or wrench, depending on the characteristics of the tightening device.

If a very small fistula is detected and there is no clamp at hand, the hole can be closed with the end of a match. But this method is used infrequently, since in old pipelines it is rarely possible to eliminate a leak - it only increases in size. Even if the gap is successfully sealed with a match, it needs to be repaired as quickly as possible using a clamp.

To eliminate a serious fistula on a hot water pipe, you will need a more powerful clamp:

1. First of all, turn off the water and drain it from the pipeline.

2.Before installing the clamp, carefully inspect the pipe. When its surface is uneven, it should be smoothed with sandpaper to prevent liquid from flowing through the roughness.

3.Cut out a rubber pad under the clamp and place it on the hole.

From the above information it is clear that it is quite possible to eliminate a fistula in a pipe with your own hands - neither special tools nor special skills are required. If there are metal risers, you need to prepare several clamps and rubber gaskets.

Method No. 1, the most reliable one, is installing a clamp.

One of the oldest, proven and reliable means of eliminating a leak in a pipe is a clamp. A small car clamp will do if the diameter of the fistula is less than 0.5mm, like a needle. For the clamp, you need to cut a rubber strip a few millimeters wider than the clamp itself. The length of the rubber strip should be equal to the circumference of the pipe, minus 1 cm. Open and place the clamp on the pipe, securing it slightly. Place the cut rubber gasket under the clamp and cover the fistula with the clamp with the gasket. Then tighten the clamp either with a screwdriver or a special wrench, depending on the design of the clamp.

If the fistula is large in diameter, you should have a wider and more powerful clamp at the ready. The surface of the fistula must be smooth, so it must be cleaned with sandpaper. If this is not done, water will ooze into the uneven areas around the fistula. The rubber gasket is cut out and the clamp is installed in the same way as in the first case.

The diameter of the clamp should be 7-15 mm larger than the diameter of the pipe. This difference also depends on the thickness of the rubber gasket.

Method number 2, temporary. Cold welding is an “ambulance” for small fistulas.

One option to repair a fistula in a pipe is to do it using cold welding. The method is easier, but not always justified. Suitable only for sealing the smallest fistulas and is rather a temporary solution. If you are not going to take more serious measures, then you need to constantly monitor the condition of the pipe in this place. Cold welding, over time, due to temperature, can peel off from the pipe and leak. There are times when we have cold welding ready, we open the growths, and the fistula turns out to be much larger than expected. Therefore, even when working with cold welding, it does not hurt to have a clamp on hand.

Despite the fragility of this repair method, many are interested in how to repair a fistula in a pipe using cold welding.

If you choose this method to fix a leak, you should clean the problematic part of the pipe with sandpaper and dry it. It is better to apply cold welding not pointwise, but in a thick and wide layer around the entire circumference of the pipe. Then the pipe repair will be more reliable.

Method number 3, folk.

There is another way to eliminate fistulas, which relates more to folk remedies than to professional advice. Craftsmen do this using a bandage and epoxy resin. The pipe at the site of the fistula is wrapped with a bandage and epoxy is applied on top of it. The pipe must be dry. As a temporary remedy for pipes where there is no high pressure, this option may be suitable. But I am inclined to think that this remedy is from the “cunning invention” series and I do not recommend using it as a way to eliminate a fistula in water supply pipes.

If you have had to fix leaks in water supply pipes more than once and they are all in clamps, it makes sense to seriously think about the issue. It’s worth allocating funds for this even from the most modest family budget, because flooding your apartment and neighbors will still cost more in the end.

The term “pipe fistula” refers to deformation changes in the form of a through hole in the pipeline. The main reason for the formation of this phenomenon on rolled pipes is considered to be pitting corrosion.

It is a clear signal that the pipe line needs urgent replacement. It is not always possible to perform a full range of pipe repairs with replacement, so it is only partially performed.

At the same time, we must not forget that such measures are temporary, and replacement of areas that have fallen into disrepair cannot be avoided anyway. You can use the help of professional craftsmen, or you can fix everything yourself.

How to eliminate an “accident”

To complete the installation you need to prepare the following tools:

Drill.
Bolts (set).
Brush for cleaning rolled metal.
BV-2 adhesive and epoxy adhesive type.
Acetone and gasoline.
Ketn.
Putty knife.

Before sealing the fistula in the pipe, water is drained from the network. To do this, you need to close the stop valve and open each tap. The system should be free of residual water.

After this, the cleaned area must be degreased with acetone. You can use gasoline for the same purpose. When sealing, this stage of action is very important.

When applying a bandage to a workpiece with an uneven surface, it is impossible to obtain the most airtight joint, and all sealing measures will have to be repeated again.

On a well-cleaned surface of the product, the amount of deformation can be accurately determined. And, guided by the information received, they determine how to further eliminate the deficiency. According to the form of formation, fistulas are divided into: point and elongated. Each of them is eliminated differently.

How is the work carried out?

Repair of fistulas on pipes is carried out using the following methods:

Using a bolt. This method is used when it is necessary to seal a small hole. The hole is widened with a drill, and a thread is cut in the prepared hole. A prepared screw or self-tapping screw is screwed into it. In old highways it is not recommended to do this. The old age of used metal can lead to the appearance of a larger hole in the “problem” area.
Bandage with rubber gasket. This method is universal because it is suitable for all pipes and any type of water leak. The bandage is selected depending on the size of the leak. It is recommended to use a rubber gasket, and a strip 0.5 cm larger than the bandage and a centimeter smaller than the circumference of the pipe is cut out of it. It is installed under it and the structure is placed on the fistula area. If it is not very large, then during repairs it is allowed not to interrupt the water supply.
Repair with adhesive bandage. First you need to prepare a strip of fiberglass, or an ordinary bandage. The size of the tape should be such that it is enough to wrap the product six times. This ribbon is soaked with epoxy glue and wrapped so that the leak is located in the center. At the end, the bandage must be secured with a clamp. This pipe network will be able to function only a day after repair.
Sealing by cold welding. This option is temporary. It is intended for small holes. Afterwards, it is better to repair the problem area using one of the more reliable methods. The described method is not durable due to the fact that the influence of water and high temperature on liquid welding leads to its weakening. To repair using cold welding, you simply need to apply it to the water leakage area that appears on the product.

Video

In this article you will learn how to eliminate a fistula in a pressure pipeline.

Troubleshooting plastic products

A fistula on a plastic pipe is repaired in two ways: threaded and soldered.

The threaded method can only be used for products where thread cutting is possible. A piece of pipe line with a fistula that has become unusable is cut off with special scissors.

An insert is prepared from blanks of the required volume. On plastic materials, threads are cut with a tool. Then another structure is secured to the pipe network using fittings and couplings.

Welding on plastic pipe materials begins with cutting off the leaking area. After this, a fitting and a workpiece of the appropriate size are prepared.

A heated soldering iron for welding plastic pipes is used to heat the outer edges of the plastic and the inner edges of the fittings. At the final stage of repair, the prepared pipe is attached with fittings.

This should be done without delay, as plastic tends to harden instantly, and an incorrectly fastened structure cannot be remade again.

Repair of copper products

Copper pipe fistula is not a rare occurrence. Copper pipes have been used in construction for a very long time. They are not only suitable for all types of highways, but are also characterized by high ductility and resistance to corrosion.

Video

Their service life is not limited, and they will easily last the entire period allotted to the house without breakdowns. But, sooner or later, situations arise when these products need to be repaired for fistula.

Copper systems are repaired by welding, which requires the participation of a specialist. To avoid the possibility of a large fistula, the network should be checked regularly. If any damage is noticed, it should be repaired immediately.

Problems in the heating line

Communications do not last forever, and even when using high-quality materials, a fistula can form on the heating pipe.

The underlying reasons for heating leaks are:

Wear. It is tied to a long period of use of the heating system. Most often, steel products suffer from leaks.
Violation of operating conditions of the heating system. This includes temperature and pressure surges and water hammer.
Use of goods of questionable quality.
Poor sealing of joints.

If a leak appears in the heating pipes, proceed as follows.

Video

You need to prepare several clamps with rubber seals (the most important thing is not to forget to turn off the water, stop operating the heating boiler, disconnect the pumps from the power supply and turn off the necessary valves and taps). Repair of rolled pipes in the heating network depends on their type.

For example, steel pipes with a problem with a threaded joint will require dismantling the joint and applying a new winding layer.

If the destruction has occurred on the heating pipe itself, then the problem area will have to be welded using gas or electric welding.

If a copper pipe is leaking, then it must also be welded. But welding work with copper is quite complex, therefore, it is better to entrust it to specialists.

If metal-plastic pipelines of the heating system are leaking, then the entire section where the leak occurred will need to be replaced. In this type of pipe, it most often forms in compressor-type joints.

On heating pipes made of plastic, the problem is solved in this way. This is the replacement of an entire section. Soldering of polypropylene is recommended to be carried out in accordance with all standards for this work. Any errors can cause the joint to fall apart after a very short period of time.

Video

IMPORTANT! When working with plastic products, it is prohibited to make changes to the wiring diagram.

Features of metal pipelines

If we are talking about how to weld a fistula in a pipe, which is large in size, then there is only one recommended solution - a complete replacement.

And, if the fistula is small, then here are several options for action. But, these recommendations can only be applied when pipes made of metal are leaking.

Video

Option 1. In this case, the defect is eliminated using a medical bandage and cement for sealing. First, a solution of cement and water is diluted. 15-20 strips, 20 cm long, are cut from the bandage. The strips are moistened in the solution and wrapped around the line. The result is something similar to a cocoon. A cement mortar is applied on top of it. All this must dry for 24 hours, and then the pipe network can be started.

Option 2. Pieces of rubber to make repairs. A strip is cut out of rubber, slightly longer than the circumference of the pipe. The problem area is tightly covered with this strip, which is then fixed. For reliability, it must be covered with a bandage with cement, as described in the previous method.

Option 3. Bandage and table salt. This is how the small “gaps” between the joints are covered. To do this, wrap the leak site with a bandage mixed with salt. Salt, when dissolved, fixes the microleak. But this method cannot be used for large formations; you should act differently.

Defects in water supply networks

People often ask how to repair a fistula in a water pipe. Unfortunately, plumbing leaks are a very common occurrence.

In this case, the water leak can be sealed using devices such as a clamp, cold welding, or any other traditional methods.

The condition of the plumbing system must be constantly checked. If the workpieces have served for a long time, and it is not possible to quickly replace them, then it is necessary to prepare several clamps in reserve to make repairs, because a water leak in such products can occur at any time.

Video

If stains of rust appear on the water supply and paint builds up on the pipes in some places, this serves as a signal that pitting corrosion will soon appear.

IMPORTANT! A fistula in a cold water pipe under a layer of paint is not as dangerous as in its counterpart with hot water. If water from under the removed paint flows out of the pipe during repairs like a fountain, it can cause serious burns to a person.

Leak in sewer pipes

When considering the question of how to eliminate a fistula in a sewer pipe, it should be noted that coping with this task is a little more difficult than repairing water leaks in the joints.

At the beginning of the sealing, an assessment of the defect and strength of the workpiece will be required. Small leaks can be eliminated using plugs for this type of tube rolling. You can also try the repair method - wrapping it with gauze impregnated with epoxy resin.

An option with a rubber gasket secured with a clamp will help to temporarily seal a water leak. It and the repair clamp can be purchased at any building materials store. Also, its gasket can be fixed using wire.

Longitudinal cracks and chips on the pipe can be easily eliminated with sealant. To do this, the fistula is slightly enlarged, degreased and dried.

After this, a sealant is applied to the area. Metal materials in sewers from water leaks are sealed by cold welding.

Repairing leaks with your own hands

Water leaks occur at any time, so sealing fistulas in pipes with your own hands is a very important skill.

For very urgent repair of a fistula, it is recommended to use a clamp. It is a metal tie. And you need to apply the clamp like this:

The water supply system is shut down.
The bolts on the clamp are unscrewed and it is wrapped around the water leakage area.
The nuts on the clamp are tightened with an adjustable wrench, while the pipe itself is held in place with a pipe wrench. Without support when sealing with a clamp, the pipe can be damaged, which will result in additional water leaks and repair costs.

Video

Sealing methods using a locknut and a rubber band are also effective. In general, it is not difficult to repair and eliminate a fistula on a pipe.

If you don’t have confidence in your abilities, then you should invite professional craftsmen. And if the fistula is repaired using one of the temporary methods, then you should worry about how to carry out a full repair of the pipes in the near future.

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How to repair a fistula in a pipe: a guide to action

This article will discuss how a fistula that appears on a pipe is sealed, what methods of sealing exist, and detailed instructions for sealing are provided.

The situation with the appearance of a fistula in a metal heating or water supply riser occurs quite often, especially in the case of a hot water supply riser.

The first sign that a fistula has appeared in the pipe and it can “explode” is the appearance in some cases of a red growth on it, which is scientifically called pitting corrosion, and popularly called “a pipe in a pipe.”

Fistulas occur in pipes both as a result of wear and under the influence of stray currents, but at the moment the fistula appears, the cause fades into the background, and it is much more important to find out how to correct the situation.

Methods for sealing a fistula

Sign of a fistula

A fistula that appears in a pipe can be repaired in several ways, each of which requires first draining the water from the system by closing the stop valve and opening all taps. Let's look at the main methods of sealing fistulas in more detail.

Sealing with a bolt

Includes the following steps:

Important: this method is not suitable for old pipes, since it is almost impossible to cut pipe threads on them; attempts to cut them usually lead to an increase in the diameter of the leak.

Sealing with a temporary bandage

This method is usually used when the pipe fistula has an oblong, elongated shape.

A bandage with sealing rubber gaskets is applied to the fistula, and the following materials can be used as a gasket:

Thick rubber glove;
Old bicycle tire;
Medical tourniquet;
Rubber boot top, etc.

Important: the rubber gasket must have a size significantly larger than the size of the fistula.

The gasket is fixed to the pipe using special clamps or bolts.

Sealing with an adhesive bandage

Sealing with an adhesive bandage: 1 – pipe with a fistula, 2 and 3 – tape

Using an adhesive bandage, the fistula on the pipe is sealed as follows:

Clean the pipe from dirt with a metal brush, treat its surface with gasoline or acetone and allow to dry for at least 15 minutes.
The fiberglass fabric is cut into strips, the dimensions of which depend on the diameter of the pipe so that the length of the strip allows for at least 6 layers of winding, and its width exceeds the diameter of the pipe by at least a third.
The edges of the tape are treated with BF-2 glue, after which one side of the tape is coated with epoxy glue using a spatula.
Press the spatula firmly so that the tape is saturated with glue.
Next, tightly wrap the tape onto the treated and cleaned surface of the water pipe so that the center of the tape covers the damaged area.
The bandage is tightened with a metal tape.
After a day, you can use the repaired pipe.

Important: in the case of a pipe located in a cold room with an air temperature not exceeding 17°, you should start using the pipe only after 4 days.

Repair using the cold welding method

Cold welding

To temporarily seal the resulting fistula, you can also use a special composition called “cold welding”:

The fistula is expanded using a drill.
The surface of the pipe is cleaned and degreased with acetone.
After drying the pipe, apply the composition to it and wait for it to completely harden for 10 minutes.

Important: work with epoxy glue and “cold welding” should be done with rubber gloves.

If glue or composition gets on your skin, wipe it with cotton wool soaked in acetone, then wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water.

Instructions for repairing a fistula

Such preparation can be useful if the fistula occurs at night - in this case, there is a risk of serious flooding while waiting for the on-duty mechanic or emergency team.

In the case of a small fistula, it can be repaired using a standard car clamp:

A thin strip is cut out of a piece of rubber, the width of which is equal to or 3-4 mm greater than the width of the clamp. The length of the tape is measured by wrapping it around the pipe and cutting off the excess part.

The clamp grabs a little.

Seizing the clamp

A cut rubber gasket is inserted under the clamp and carefully brought to the site of the fistula formation.

Gasket insert

Cover the fistula and tighten the clamp with a wrench or a screwdriver, depending on the tightening device of the clamp.

Repaired fistula

As a temporary measure, when there is a very small fistula and there is no clamp at hand, the fistula can be repaired by simply breaking off and inserting the tip of a match into it.

Important: this method should be used only as a last resort - as a result, when the pipes are very old, the fistula may not close, but only increase in diameter.

And even if the fistula is successfully sealed with a match, it should be closed as soon as possible using a clamp.

Clamp for large fistulas

In case of a more serious fistula, it is advisable to also have a more solid clamp ready (see photo):

The first step is to turn off and drain the water from the pipes.
Before installing the clamp, inspect the surface of the pipe. If it is uneven, it is smoothed out using sandpaper to prevent water from flowing through the existing roughness.
Next, as described, they cut out a rubber lining for a more powerful clamp and also install it in place of the fistula.

Closed large fistula

As can be seen from the article, self-sealing fistulas in pipes is not particularly difficult; it does not require any special skills or tools. If the apartment has metal risers, it is advisable to always have a couple of clamps and rubber gaskets ready for them so that the appearance of a fistula does not take you by surprise.

o-trubah.ru

How to repair a fistula in a pressure pipe in a plumbing and heating system

The article below will help you independently resolve the issue of sealing fistulas in pipes. The problem of how to repair a fistula in a pipe under pressure is indeed very pressing.

After all, a leak in water supply, heating, or drain pipes can occur at the most inopportune moment, and it must be resolved quickly and effectively.

First of all, you need to understand that all the proposed tips are interesting, but, unfortunately, they are not long-lasting, and the results in the future can be much worse.

They are not only not expensive, but also easy to install. Their installation is not complicated and is easy to do yourself.

When talking about methods for sealing leaks, we mean a “breakthrough” of a small scale. If water comes out like a fountain, then there is only one way out - replacing the pipeline.

Fistula is called pitting corrosion, which is formed from partial destruction of the material, or from general old age. As a result, a hole appears through which liquid flows out.

The external visual manifestation of the fistula is swollen paint and growths of rust. Having seen such a growth, you should not rush to tear it off, because the extent of the damage underneath is not predictable.

In general, repairing pitting is not a difficult job, but, nevertheless, it also requires serious preparation.

For such events you will need (experts say that you should always have on hand):

Clamp (a couple of pieces).
Rubber pads (they can be easily made from any available materials such as old boots, thick rubber gloves, a bicycle tire, and so on).
Screwdriver and bolts.
Epoxy materials.
Liquid for degreasing.
Emery.
Cold welding.

See also - how to repair a leak in a heating pipeline: methods of elimination

Causes of fistulas

The reasons for the appearance of fistulas on a water pipe most often come down to one denominator. This is the effect of corrosion.

The most suitable temperature indicator for corrosive formations is +15 degrees. Most often, pipe rolling materials are in this mode in the spring, summer and autumn periods.

Water located in the system also accelerates corrosive destruction. Over time, rust builds up inside metal pipelines.

The metal in such products becomes thinner every year. And then the moment comes when corrosion breaks through the wall completely. The result is a leak.

When a small fistula occurs, water slowly flows down the pipe line, where a puddle subsequently forms.

This problem must be eliminated immediately, without waiting until it turns into a big nuisance. If the leak is small, then it can be sealed under pressure without turning off the water supply.

Leaks in various systems

A fistula in a hot water pipe or any other system that consists of metal pipes can be quickly repaired in the following ways:

Option 1. Medical bandage and cement solution. It is cut into pieces and soaked in pre-prepared cement mortar. These bandages are wrapped around the leakage area, forming a cocoon-like structure.

Finally, the resulting structure is also covered with cement mortar. It dries in about one day.

Option 2. Pieces of rubber. Rubber is cut into strips. Each of them should be slightly longer than the circumference of the pipe.

Option 3. Table salt and bandage. As a rule, this method is used to seal pressure leaks in couplings, elbows, etc. The leaking area is wrapped in a bandage mixed with salt.

When dissolved, salt fixes micro-leakage. If we compare this method of sealing under pressure, it is immediately worth noting that it is not as reliable as the first two.

Option 4. Bandage. This method can be used for pressure pipes. The bandage is considered one of the oldest and most proven options. A small car clamp can be used for a fistula with a volume of up to 0.005 cm.

For the clamp, a strip of rubber is cut out, a couple of millimeters wider than the clamp itself. The length of the strip should be one centimeter shorter than the circumference of the pipeline. The clamp is placed on the pipeline, and a rubber gasket is placed under it.

This entire structure must completely cover the fistula. Next, the clamp is tightened. During these activities, the surface at the site of corrosion must be cleaned.

Video: ways to repair a fistula

It should not contain any irregularities. If this is not done, the liquid will pass through the bandage in the area of uneven areas.

Fistula sealing in plastic pipelines

How to eliminate a fistula in a water pipe if it is made of plastic. Plastic pipe materials have recently been used very often.

They quickly replaced conventional steel products, thanks to a wide range of positive characteristics. These materials are not only easy to install, but also easy to repair when fistulas appear.

You can seal a leak on a plastic piece by using couplings and fittings (change part of the line). At the same time, a new piece of pipe with a thread is prepared.

Using connecting elements, it is installed in place of the area that has become unusable. If you are not sure that all actions were performed correctly, you can seek advice from a professional technician.

After inspecting the structure, he will give an accurate answer as to whether it is suitable for use, or will advise a complete replacement of the damaged pipe.

This method can be applied not only to plastic pipes, but also to metal ones. Only it will not be possible to eliminate the fistula in this way under pressure. You will have to worry about turning off the water in the plumbing system.

To ensure that water pressure (find out the optimal values for the plumbing system) does not interfere with repairs, it is necessary to turn off the main valve. It is usually installed in the toilet.

Video: eliminating water leaks in accessible ways

How to weld a fistula in a water pipeline

How to weld a fistula in a plastic pipe with water can be learned from the method that is attached below.

Unlike the previous option, which could be used not only for plastic products, this method is only suitable for working with PP pipe materials.

The actions are carried out using a special tool for soldering plastic - an iron. This tool melts the prepared components and fastens them after cooling.

To repair minor damage to an area, all repair measures can be carried out under pressure.

But, for a formation of significant size, the water supply system will have to be shut off, since it will be impossible to weld the defect under pressure.

Anyone can operate an iron. No special experience is required for this. Such devices come with instructions that describe the entire operating process step by step.

After reading it carefully, you can safely begin repairing the PP pipeline. It is not difficult to seal a leak this way.

Features of hot water supply

A fistula in a hot water pipe appears more often than in other places. The place that is most susceptible to this phenomenon is the riser. The first signs of danger in such a system are rusty growths.

Video: how to fix a leak in a drain pipe

It was already written above that if a decision is made to seal a leak, then this build-up cannot be torn off. In the case of hot water, such actions can cause serious burns.

Such a fistula in the pipeline can be repaired using a bolt or temporary bandage. In both the first and second cases, it is impossible to act under pressure. The water supply must be shut off before work can be done.

A small leak can be sealed under pressure using an adhesive bandage. The edges of fiberglass with BF-2 glue applied are applied to the damaged area (the tape is applied very tightly). At the end, the tape must be tightened with metal tape. Such a section will be able to function under pressure only after 24 hours.

Also in this situation, you can seal the leak with “cold welding”. It is better not to do such work under pressure. The resulting hole is slightly enlarged using a drill, and the area is degreased.

When everything is dry, apply the compound to the leaking crack. It should freeze completely. This takes approximately ten minutes.

Fistulas in wells

If we consider the sources of water supply in private areas, wells can be called the most promising. Compared to wells, they contain water of higher quality. It practically does not require cleaning or additional filtration.

During operation, the well, pump and water-lifting pipelines vibrate. This leads to weakening of the joints on the water-lifting mains, and accordingly, leaks (fistulas) appear. This often ends in serious accidents.

The well operates with vibration of the water-lifting pipe due to the pumping equipment, and this provokes weakening of the joints. As a result of the appearance of a fistula, the functioning of the well may be completely disrupted.

Video

Many owners of private houses try to carry out repairs and eliminate such leaks on their own, but experts strongly recommend trusting this to professionals.

Such repairs cost a lot of money, but they are completely worth it. Repair work on wells involves a number of complex operations that require special equipment.

Non-professional craftsmen may not be able to do this work. You can clean the well yourself and replace the pump. And carrying out these events will also require some skill in this matter.

Also, craftsmen without experience and knowledge who decide to repair the “hole” must keep in mind the following information.

Incorrectly carried out work can result in fatal results for the well. For example, it is impossible to remove scrap that was accidentally dropped into a hole when inserted into a hole. And such a loss is very common for amateurs who decide to do everything themselves.

Video: replacing a pressure tap

IMPORTANT! Well service technicians say that well cleaning is a mandatory annual event. It can only be omitted for wells that are in constant operation.

It is equally important that specialists will immediately determine the true cause of the problem. And this will make it possible to seal leaks and avoid unnecessary extra costs. Plus, all the work will be done in the shortest possible time.

Now it’s clear how to seal a fistula in a pipe under pressure. By carefully studying the proposed options, you can quickly fix this unpleasant problem.

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How to fix a pipe fistula yourself

Fistula. What is this? This term refers to a deformation in the pipe in the form of a hole. The main reason for its appearance is considered to be chiseled corrosion. This is a clear sign that the water supply structure is worn out and needs to be replaced. However, it is not always possible for a person to immediately carry out a full range of work to replace the system with a new one. In this case, it is necessary to perform a partial repair to eliminate the fistula. It is worth remembering that such repair work is temporary and does not eliminate the need to replace worn pipes. You can call a professional to carry out the work, but you can also do it yourself.

What is a fistula?

In order to eliminate a fistula, you need to stock up on the following tools and materials:

Drill;
Set of bolts;
Special adhesive composition BV-2;
Metal brush;
Epoxy adhesive;
Petrol;
Tap;
Acetone;
Kern;
Putty knife.

Caused by rust

Before eliminating the fistula, it is necessary to drain the water from the system. For this purpose, it is necessary to close the stop valve. Then all the taps open.

How to fix a defect using a bolt

First you need to expand the fistula. This is done using a drill. Threaded elements are cut with a tap. The bolt is screwed into the widened hole. It is worth noting that these repairs are recommended to be performed only if the pipes are not very worn out. If the structure is old, it is unlikely that you will be able to make high-quality carvings on it. This will only increase the defect.

Fistula removal.

This type of repair work is optimally performed if an elongated fistula has formed on the structure. In order to seal it, a bandage with a rubber seal is applied. The seal can be made from rubber gloves, an unnecessary bicycle tire, a doctor's tourniquet, or a piece of rubber boots. The size of the seal must be larger than the volume of the defect in the pipe. This gasket is attached to the structure using clamps or a bolt.

How to seal a hole with an adhesive bandage

To begin with, the pipe is cleaned with a metal brush. It is then treated with acetone or gasoline. Wait about 15 minutes. At this time, you can start cutting the fiberglass into equal parts. The optimal sizes of such tapes are directly dependent on the size of the pipes. The tape is cut correctly if it can be wrapped around the structure at least six times. The width of the segment should be three times the diameter of the structure. BV-2 adhesive is applied to the edges of fiberglass sections. Then an epoxy adhesive is applied to one side of the piece using a spatula. It should saturate the segment well. To do this, while applying the glue, the spatula must be pressed well against the surface of the tape. It is then wrapped around the structure. The middle of the segment should be in the area where the fistula formed. The bandage is tightened using a metal tape. The structure is left for a day. If it is located in a cold room, you will have to wait at least 4 days for the system to come into working condition.

We eliminate the defect by “cold welding”

The defect should be expanded using a drill. Then the structure is cleaned of dirt and treated with acetone. You should wait until the structure dries and then apply the “cold welding” compound to it. It dries within ten minutes.

Attention: If you use cold welding or epoxy adhesive during repair work, you should wear rubber gloves. The glue should not come into contact with the skin. If it does get on the skin, it should be immediately removed using cotton wool soaked in acetone, and then the area on which the glue is found should be thoroughly washed with warm water and soap.

In conclusion, we can say that the listed methods for sealing a hole in pipes give only temporary results. We recommend that you replace the water supply with a new one. People who do not allow the structure to wear out do not even know that it is a fistula.

A heating system leak is not uncommon, and in most cases it happens unexpectedly, except for test runs of equipment at the beginning of the heating season. It is not always possible to determine reliably what caused the leak, and this is not always important, since restoring the tightness of the heating circuit is in the foreground in such situations. As a rule, major repairs are postponed until the warm season, and when a leak is detected, they choose what to temporarily cover up the leak in the heating pipe.

Factors characterizing system depressurization

The heating system consists of the following main elements:

heating boiler;
pipeline;
radiators;
control and measuring and shut-off valves.

All of the listed elements are mounted in a heating circuit, the tightness of which depends on the integrity of the constituent elements and their connections.

The choice of method to restore the integrity of the heating system depends on the following factors:

accessibility of the damage site;
leak status (fistula, loss of tightness of a threaded connection, etc.);
material of manufacture of the damaged element;
availability of the ability to disable the system.

Based on the totality of the above circumstances, a method is selected to most effectively seal the leak in the heating pipe in the current situation.

Preparatory work

When spot repairing a heating system, it is first necessary to determine the specific location of the coolant leak. If the pipeline is laid hidden (in the wall, in the floor), lined with decorative elements or equipped with thermal insulation, the task becomes more complicated.

Important! In a situation where a pipe or joint embedded in a wall has leaked, it is advisable to consider the possibility of installing a new section of the pipeline, since it makes no sense to spoil the finish of the room to repair a pipe with a high degree of wear.

In the supposed emergency section of the circuit, decorative finishing and thermal insulation are dismantled, the location of the leak is found, after which the nature and extent of the damage, as well as its accessibility to repair, are assessed.

Spot repairs of the heating system can be of three types:

mechanical - using crimping and tightening devices, electric welding and other means not based on the use of sealing solutions;
chemical - using various types of sealing compounds that harden as a result of chemical reactions or drying;
combined - sealing the circuit using a combination of mechanical and chemical methods.

If a mechanical repair method is chosen and the damage is not significant (needle fistula or drip leak), the heating system can be left in operating mode before starting work to eliminate the leak. If the damage is more serious, then the heating must be turned off:

the autonomous boiler is turned off, the coolant is drained;
in a central heating system, it is necessary to close the valve of the common riser and hang a warning sign on it, and then also drain the water from the system.

The technology for treating the base before sealing the circuit depends on the material of the pipeline, the status of the leak and the type of repair, but, in any case, the final result of the work is largely determined by the quality of surface preparation.

Methods for performing repairs based on the location of the leak

In most cases, it is possible to fix a heating system leak on your own, without the involvement of professionals. To do this, we will consider methods for performing spot repairs of the circuit for the most common damage.

Elimination of a fistula on a straight section of a steel pipeline using mechanical methods

Due to a number of factors (wear, corrosion, material defects), a leak often occurs on a horizontal or vertical section of a solid steel pipe, which can be eliminated independently and without significant costs.

If a fistula with a jet cross-section approximately the size of a match has formed in a steel pipe with a diameter of up to 50 mm, then it can be eliminated even without special preparation of the base, but the thickness of the pipeline wall must be at least 3 mm. The area around the damage is cleaned of rust and scale with a file or grinder, after which a self-drilling screw with a sealing rubberized washer is screwed into the hole with a drill. The length of the screw is selected so that it protrudes minimally at the exit from the hole inside the pipe and in no case rests against the opposite wall.

Important! When using an electric drill, the coolant in the pipe should not be under pressure so that a stream of water does not hit the tool and cause electrical injury or damage to the drill. For safety reasons, it is better to use a drill with a built-in 12 V battery, wrapped in a plastic bag with a slot for the chuck.

It is also better to know in advance how to repair a hole in a heating pipe with a diameter of 50 mm or more and a larger fistula cross-section, since the consequences of damage to such a heating pipe are more serious, and the likelihood of an accident is no less.

The hole in the fistula is driven through with a drill of a slightly larger diameter in such a way that a thread can then be cut into it for the bolt. The wall thickness must also be sufficient for threading. The table shows the correspondence of drills and threads (taps).

Hole diameters for metric threads with normal pitch

After cutting the thread, a bolt with a washer and a rubber sealing gasket is screwed into the hole. The length of the bolt is selected depending on the thickness of the wall - after screwing in, the part should not block the lumen of the pipe or rest against the opposite wall.

It is possible to eliminate a leak in a steel heating pipe without threaded elements - using caulking and electric welding. The hole is drilled out to the nearest diameter, after which a steel cone (chop) of a suitable size is hammered into it with a hammer. The remaining part of the chop outside is ground off with a grinder to such an extent that a small protruding cap remains, which is then scalded with electric welding. This method of eliminating leaks is reliable and durable, but it should be remembered that to weld galvanized pipes, you need to use rutile-coated electrodes, and the thickness of the pipe walls must be sufficient (3 mm).

A single hole in the wall of a steel pipe can also be plugged using a narrow crimp clamp.

Such a clamp can be made independently from strip steel, but there is a large assortment of these devices on sale, the aesthetics of which are much higher. The clamp is selected according to the diameter of the pipe and, if it does not come with a gasket, such a sealing strip is cut out of rubber or paronite with a thickness of at least 3 mm. The device is put on the pipe, the gasket is aligned with the fistula, and the clamp is pressed with the necessary force. This method of eliminating leaks is also applicable to pipelines made of copper or polymer materials.

In a situation where several fistulas have formed in a small area, the above repair methods cannot be used - the pipe section is weakened, and repairing leaks one by one is not effective and even risks destroying the entire fragment of the circuit. A narrow clamp, like a chop, cannot be installed on an oblong-shaped damage (crack).

If at the moment it is not possible to replace the entire damaged section, then to restore the tightness of the heating pipeline, clips are used - wide clamps, the principle of operation of which is the same as that of narrow devices.

Repair of a pipeline on a straight section or a bend using chemical and combined methods

To eliminate heating pipeline leaks, various types of heat-resistant one- and two-component sealants are produced, used on both steel and polymer pipes. The most widely used are high-temperature silicone-based compounds, characterized by a high degree of adhesion, plasticity and the ability to withstand temperatures up to 350 degrees. These sealing mixtures differ from other types of silicone adhesives by having a reddish or brown tint.

Each of these compositions has its own instructions for use, set out on the packaging and providing for use in sealing joints and interfaces. But, if reinforcement is used, they can also be used on a plane, that is, on the surface of a pipeline, both steel and polymer.

Before starting work, the coolant is drained from the heating system, and the area around the damage is cleared of paint, degreased and dried.

Important! The adhesion of silicone sealants to smooth surfaces is stronger than to rough ones, so you should not treat the pipe section being repaired with abrasives.

The silicone sealing coating is reinforced to increase the tensile strength of the shell and its resistance to mechanical damage. Serpyanka, a fiberglass masking tape, is used as reinforcement.

The sealant is applied to the prepared surface of the heating pipe in a continuous layer 2-3 mm thick, on top of which a serpyanka is screwed - end-to-end in turns. A layer of sealant is again applied on top of the first layer of mesh, and then serpyanka again, but with 5 mm overlaps of turns over each other. In total, there should be 4 or 5 layers of mesh with layers of silicone. It is necessary that the turns fit tightly, without folds with voids, like bandaging - with the tape turning around the axis at the end of each layer to return in the opposite direction. Such bandaging should cover sections of the pipeline 10-20 cm on both sides of the damage. The last layer on the pipe is made of sealant, which is smoothed with a hand dipped in soapy water. The end of the serpyanka is temporarily attached to the pipe with a nylon clamp away from the area being repaired - after the composition has cured, it is cut off flush with the surface of the sealant.

Depending on the type of glue and the total thickness of the sealing layer, curing, which occurs from contact of the composition with air moisture, requires from several hours to a day.

Using the same technology, using serpyanka reinforcement, heating systems are repaired using heat-resistant rubber sealants - also durable but elastic compounds that are successfully used both in everyday life and in production.

Please note that silicone and rubber sealants are commercially available for use in automotive engines. If the performance characteristics of such compositions meet the requirements of the heating system, then an autosealant designed for use in repairing an internal combustion engine will cope even better with sealing the heating pipe in everyday life.

To eliminate pipe leaks in a household heating system, ready-made repair kits are often used, which include everything necessary for sealing. An example of such means is the Siloplast repair kit, which is even equipped with protective rubber gloves. The main element for eliminating leaks in the kit is a tape with a special impregnation, which, upon contact with water (wetting during installation), hardens and forms a strong, hermetic shell on the pipe, which does not need to be covered with anything else.

The method of using Siloplast is described in detail on the packaging, and the success of the repair depends on compliance with this technology, as well as the quality of preparation of the base. The repair kit can be used not only on straight pipes, but also on curved pipe sections, as well as over threaded connections whose sealing material has lost its properties.

The material is produced for various areas of production, so when purchasing, you need to choose exactly the required type of repair kit, one of them is Siloplast “For Home”.

To restore the tightness of the heating system, special two-component compositions called “cold welding” are also used - mixtures based on epoxy resins with the addition of metal filler and additives responsible for the specific characteristics of the adhesive under certain conditions.

The resin in the composition ensures the plasticity of the material after curing, and the metal-containing component increases the strength and hardness of the binder. Cold welding is performed in liquid and plastic form. Technical specifications, including operating temperature and method of application, are indicated on the packaging. All that remains is to choose the right type of sealant that matches the operating conditions and the material used to make the thermal circuit.

If the heating pipe does not leak significantly, then the question of how to seal the contour on a straight section or joint of a threaded connection can be solved with improvised means, for example, using “Minutka” glue or identical in action. To do this, the surface or crack to be repaired must be cleaned of paint, degreased and dried. Then the prepared area is wrapped with a layer of serpyanka end-to-end and ordinary baking soda is rubbed into the mesh cells (the first turn is first pinned to the pipe with glue). Then another layer of overlapping mesh turns is applied to the pipe, and the cells are again filled with soda. After laying the third layer of serpyanka with soda, the last turn of the tape is secured with a nylon clamp, and glue from a tube is applied to the resulting coupling, starting from the site of damage. The glue is instantly absorbed into the soda and, reacting with it, also instantly hardens, forming a durable shell. It is necessary to apply glue to the entire surface of the winding, the tubes are squeezed out one by one as they are emptied, the number of tubes depends on the area of the area being repaired.

If the damage to the pipe is a crack, then it is also filled with soda and glue is dripped on top, instantly sealing the damage. A serpyanka bandage is applied over the crack in the manner described above.

The method is applicable for repairing both steel and polymer pipes.

There is another way to seal coolant leaks on a straight or oval section of a steel heating pipeline, as well as over a threaded connection - using a reinforced cement mortar bandage. To do this, the system is depressurized so that water does not leak out of the damaged area, and the repaired area is cleaned of paint and rust. Then an aqueous solution with the consistency of sour cream is prepared from cement grade 400 or 500, and the problematic section of the pipeline is bandaged layer by layer with a strip of canvas fabric that allows liquids to pass through it well (you can use a serpyanka or an ordinary medical bandage). Bandaging is done by coating each layer with cement mortar. As a result, a coupling with a wall thickness of at least 2 cm should form on the pipe, which is covered with the last layer of the same solution.

The effectiveness of the method can be increased if, to mix the cement, you use not water, but PVA glue, but not its paste type, but an emulsion one. In addition, instead of cement, you can use cement-based coating waterproofing

Ceresit CR 65, designed specifically for the installation of waterproof coatings.

Important! The use of a cement bandage to seal a heating pipeline is a temporary measure, since cement is not plastic and does not easily resist the tensile forces that will affect it during thermal expansion of the pipes, so even reinforcement with sickle tape will not save you from the occurrence of microcracks in the repair casing over time.

Eliminating leaks at threaded connections

If the coolant leaks at the junction of pipe sections made with a threaded method, or at the connection points to a heating radiator or shut-off valves, then the optimal action would be to dismantle the threaded connection to diagnose the cause of depressurization. This refers to the situation when, when installing the heating system, fittings designed for adjustment - adjustment with a seal - were not used. Dismantling the threaded connection, which is carried out after draining the coolant from the system, will show the cause of the leak - wear of the thread or loss of the sealant’s qualities.

In the first case, the thread profile is refreshed by passing a die (die) through it and cutting an additional 2-3 turns. If the thread is significantly damaged, then you will have to insert a new piece of the pipeline using welding or, again, a threaded connection (squeeze).

If the condition of the thread is satisfactory, the sealing material is replaced. To do this, the threads are cleaned of the remnants of the old seal and a new one is applied to it. To ensure reliable sealing, it is recommended to use a combination of a fiber seal (flax strand) and one of the types of sealant for threaded connections, including anaerobic ones, designed for independent use.

This procedure can be simplified by using a special impregnated universal sealing thread. The thread material can be natural or synthetic, the impregnation is most often silicone. This thread is attractive due to its ease of use, versatility and affordable price, which allows you to carry out repairs yourself and without significant costs.

FUM tape is widely used as a sealant for threaded joints - a synthetic material that, due to its fluorine content, is resistant to high temperatures and chemicals.

FUM tape is produced in three types:

FUM-1 – with vaseline-based lubricant, for use in industrial pipelines, including those with aggressive environments;
FUM-2 – does not contain lubricant, suitable for environments with oxidizing agents;
FUM-3 – for pipelines with a non-aggressive environment.

All three types of FUM tape are suitable for use in domestic heating systems and are quite effective when applied correctly to the thread.

In cases where the intensity of the leak is not significant, dismantling the threaded connection can be postponed until the end of the heating season, and the tightness of the connection can be restored by placing a reinforced bandage over the joint using one of the sealing compounds described above - silicone, rubber, cold welding.

Conclusion

When repairing a heating system leak, you should objectively evaluate the effectiveness and longevity potential of the repairs being made. Most of the products offered by manufacturers to eliminate leaks are designed to temporarily eliminate the emergency situation before taking radical measures, including major repairs of the heating system. Therefore, after diagnosing the causes of the leak and choosing how to cover up the damage, it is necessary to consult with professionals, without relying only on marketing advice in the store, sometimes provided by employees without experience in repair and construction activities. This will allow you to obtain an objective assessment of the situation and correctly plan repairs at the end of the heating season in order to avoid aggravation of the situation during the cold season.

The formation of a fistula in a heating or water supply riser mounted from metal pipes is not uncommon. The situation needs to be corrected as quickly as possible. Therefore, information on how to repair a fistula in a pipe and what methods are available to eliminate it will not be superfluous.

The presence of a red-colored growth on the pipe, which is called pitting corrosion, indicates that a problem has arisen and that the pipeline can burst at any time (read also: “What to do if a pipe bursts and how to prevent it”). Damage occurs as a result of partial destruction or general wear of the line, or under the influence of stray currents. When a fistula is detected, the reason for its appearance no longer matters, the main thing is to eliminate it as quickly as possible.

using a bolt;
using a temporary bandage;
using an adhesive bandage;
cold welding method.

Seal a hole with a bolt

Expand the fistula in the pipe with a drill.
Cut the thread with a tap.
Screw the bolt into the resulting hole.

medical tourniquet;
thick glove;
bicycle tire;
boot top, etc.

Sealing with adhesive bandage

Use a metal brush to clean the pipeline from dirt, treat its surface with acetone or gasoline and allow it to dry for 15 minutes.
Tapes are cut from fiberglass, the length of which depends on the diameter of the pipe - it is necessary that the winding has at least 6 layers. The width of the material must exceed the cross-section of the pipeline by no less than one third.
BF-2 glue is applied to the edges of the tape, then one side of it is covered with an epoxy adhesive with a spatula.
The tool is pressed firmly against the fiberglass so that it is well saturated with glue.
Then the tape is tightly wound onto a previously prepared surface so that its center covers the problem area.
The bandage is secured with metal tape.
After 24 hours, the repaired pipeline can be used.

Cold welding method

The hole is expanded with a drill.
The surface of the pipeline is degreased and cleaned with acetone.
When the pipe is dry, a product called “cold welding” is applied to it and wait until it hardens completely - this usually takes about 10 minutes.

Hole sealing process

A thin strip is cut from a piece of rubber - its width should be 2-4 millimeters larger than the same parameter for the clamp. The length of the section is measured by wrapping the material around the pipe. The excess piece of tape is cut off.
The clamp is opened and placed on the pipe, then it is not grabbed tightly.
A rubber gasket is placed under the clamp and carefully moved to the location where the hole appears.
After covering the fistula, the clamp is tightened using a screwdriver or wrench, depending on the characteristics of the tightening device.

First of all, turn off the water and drain it from the pipeline.
Before installing the clamp, carefully inspect the pipe. When its surface is uneven, it should be smoothed with sandpaper to prevent liquid from flowing through the roughness.
A rubber pad is cut out under the clamp and placed on the hole.

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Different ways to seal a fistula in a pipeline - SamStroy