Igloo is traditional houses Eskimos, which are made from ice and snow. And to keep it warm, the door was hung with bear skins.
Remember the cartoon about Chili-Willy the penguin? He also lived in an igloo and drove a poacher away from his house. You can interest your child in depicting this home by watching a funny animated series. And instead of Chili-Willy, draw a regular penguin.
You will need: a sheet of paper; eraser; pencil; compass.
Step 1
Warp
The basis of this house is a semicircle. It is easy to draw by first drawing a circle. Then you need to erase the bottom part of the figure.
Bottom part
Outline the bottom of the needle with an oval so that the borders of the image are visible. 
Lines of bricks
To build an igloo, ice bricks are stacked in a circle on one line. 
There may be several such lines. They gradually taper upward. 
Upper part do not separate, it is made from a solid piece of ice, which is previously processed to give the correct shape. 
Bricks
Now use short vertical lines to mark the bricks. 
They are not the same size, with larger bricks underneath. The lines are slightly rounded. 
Door
The entrance to the igloo is also rounded, there are no sharp corners. Draw it from the side, and erase the lines of the wall. 
Mark the bottom of the door with a vertical line. 
Entrance
Draw the entrance inside the door. It is small so that it is convenient to cover it with skin. 
Draw a vertical line, making the entrance voluminous. 
Door details
If the door an ordinary house wooden, then in such a dwelling it is also made of ice bricks. Draw lines on the outline of the entrance to represent the connections of the ice blocks. 
Coloring
Since the igloo is icy, paint it white and shades blue flowers. You can alternate them to make the drawing more interesting. 
Indian tribes live not only in warm places. Read about the igloo - the ice dwelling of the Eskimos!
An igloo is a typical Eskimo residence. This type The structure is a building that has a dome shape. The diameter of the dwelling is 3-4 meters, and its height is approximately 2 meters. Igloos are usually built from ice blocks or wind-compacted snow blocks. Also, the needle is cut from snowdrifts, which are suitable in density and also in size.
If the snow is deep enough, then an entrance is made in the floor, and a corridor to the entrance is also dug. If the snow is still not deep, the front door is cut into the wall, and a separate corridor built of snow bricks is attached to the front door. It is very important that front door in such a dwelling was located below floor level, since this ensures good and proper ventilation of the room, and also retains heat inside the igloo.
Lighting comes into the home thanks to snow walls, but sometimes windows are also made. As a rule, they are also constructed from ice or seal intestines. In some Eskimo tribes, entire villages of igloos are common, which are connected to each other by passages.
The inside of the igloo is covered with skins, and sometimes the walls of the igloo are also covered with them. To provide even more illumination, as well as more heat, special devices. Due to heating, part of the walls inside the igloo may melt, but the walls themselves do not melt, due to the fact that the snow helps remove excess heat outside. Thanks to this, the home is maintained at a temperature that is comfortable for people to live in. As for moisture, the walls also absorb it, and because of this, the inside of the igloo is dry.
The first non-Eskimo to build an igloo was Villamur Stefanson. This happened in 1914, and he talks about this event in many articles and own book. The unique strength of this type of housing lies in the use of uniquely shaped slabs. They allow you to fold the hut in the form of a kind of snail, which gradually narrows towards the top. It is also very important to consider the method of installing these improvised bricks, which involves supporting the next slab on the previous brick in three points simultaneously. To make the structure more stable, the finished hut is also watered from the outside.
Today, igloos are also used in ski tourism, in case emergency housing is needed, if problems arise with tents, or if it is impossible to continue further in the near future. In order for the skier to be able to build an igloo, special instructions are given before the trip.
Subject drawing with children 5-7 years old on the topic “Peoples of the Far North”. Master class.
Kokorina Tatyana Nikolaevna, teacher of additional education in drawing.
Place of work: MBDOU No. 202 Kindergarten general developmental type "Fairy Tale".
Description: this master class will be of interest to educators of older and preparatory groups, as well as teachers primary classes. Based on the master class, children can complete this drawing on their own.
Purpose: This drawing can be an educational, exhibition or competition work.
Required tools and materials:
- watercolor;
- felt-tip pens;
- brush No. 3;
- album sheet;
- rectangle 8x16.
Target: expanding children's knowledge about the peoples living on our planet, learning to draw a person without a preliminary pencil sketch.
Tasks:
- introduce you to the life of the peoples of the Far North;
- continue to learn how to draw plot pictures;
- continue to learn how to draw a person in motion;
- continue to learn how to work with watercolors correctly: take more water, paint in one touch, rinse the brush after each color;
- continue to learn how to apply a symmetrical pattern, decorating tents and clothes;
- promote development fine motor skills hands, when making small patterns;
- cultivate interest in drawing through non-traditional techniques: painting with watercolors with felt-tip pens and adding appliqué elements.
Preliminary work: acquaintance with the life of the Peoples of the Far North, story, conversation, examination of illustrations.
Brief information: Our Earth is diverse in its nature. Forests, steppes, deserts, hot countries, northern coasts. Everywhere has its own nature: plants, animals and people living in these places. Let's take a closer look at the cold, northern coasts.
The endless expanses of the tundra are the Motherland, home to the strong and resilient peoples of the North. Nenets, Nanai, Eskimos and Chukchi live there. They have adapted to live in harsh conditions. Their houses are different from ours. People often move from place to place, so they need warm home, which is easy to assemble and disassemble. Their house is called a chum. For the construction of the chum, long spruce poles and deer skins are used. The poles are installed in the shape of a cone, and then covered with skins on top. The chum retains heat even in the most severe frosts, and its conical shape gives it stability in winds and snowstorms. The peoples of the North also make clothes from reindeer skins; they are very warm. They decorate their clothes with embroidery, beads, and fur mosaics. Pieces of different geometric shapes are cut out from fur of contrasting color: squares, stripes, circles, triangles, then carefully sewn together to create beautiful clothes.
Of course, the use of geometric patterns when making mosaics or embroidery is not accidental; each form has its own meaning:
Circle – sun, earth;
The cross is fire, hearth.
On the girl’s cradle they depicted a cross inside a circle - the girl will always be at home by the hearth, on the boy’s cradle there is a cross extending beyond the circle - future man, the breadwinner, will leave his home.
Wave - river;
A series of triangles is an image of a plague.
Of course, the peoples of the Far North have animal helpers - deer and dogs that serve them faithfully. The nature of the North is unique, harsh and, in its own way, beautiful. The Northern Lights illuminate the sky with an extraordinary glow.
Let us convey in a drawing the uniqueness of life of the peoples of the Far North.
1.Put on the brush blue paint and draw a horizon line, just above the middle of the sheet.
2.Draw the northern lights. We use green, yellow and red paints.
3.Now use blue and purple to paint the sky.
While the sky dries up, let's start making chum.
4.For this we need a 16x8 cm rectangle
5.Fold the rectangle in half along its width.
6. We unfold and bend each side to the resulting fold line at an angle - we get a triangle - chum.
7. Decorate our chum. We will draw the pattern symmetrically, identically on both sides. We draw the sun in the middle.
8.We decorate the edge with a stripe with a geometric pattern.
9. Turn it over, apply glue and glue the chum onto the snow so as not to block the northern lights.
10.Now let’s draw the northern inhabitants. We draw a circle - a head, slits of eyes, a small nose and a smiling mouth. And around we make another circle with a wavy line or zigzag, passing the fur from the hat around the face.
11.The neck is hidden under the fur, so we immediately draw the fur coat. The fur coat is shaped like a trapezoid. Then we add the sleeves. Draw fur along the edge of the sleeve. Now we apply the pattern along the edge of the sleeve, using red and black colors. And we apply a geometric pattern along the middle and edge of the fur coat with the same colors. Paint the fur coat brown.
11. Warm high boots are on your feet. There are mittens on the hands.
12.Draw another person next to us using the same principle, but with his hand raised, as if they were playing in the snow.
14. And of course, a faithful friend - a dog nearby.
So far our drawing looks like this.
15. So that there is no emptiness left in the distance, we will add a reindeer team.
Now the drawing is really ready. It fully conveys the peculiarities of life of the peoples of the Far North.
Works of children of the preparatory group:
I really liked the idea of one of the children to draw a little man right in the plague.
I hope my idea will be interesting and useful to someone. Good luck in your creativity with your children.
For a long time, people have been using any material suitable for this purpose to build their homes: some use wood of various species, some clay, and some have even found a use for snow. Yes, yes, we will talk about those very snow houses of the Eskimos, called “igloos”, which are so unusual for the perception of most people.
Translated from Inuktitut, “igloo” means “winter dwelling of the Eskimos.” Such houses are dome-shaped buildings, the diameter of which reaches about 3-4 meters, and the height - 2-2.5 meters. The main material for building an igloo is ice or snow blocks, compacted by the wind. If the snow cover is deep, the entrance to the room is arranged in the floor, breaking through to it small corridor. If the snow cover does not have the required depth, then the entrance is built in the wall, adding an additional corridor using snow blocks.
Each Eskimo camp has several buildings, where up to four related families are located. Eskimo housing is divided into two types: summer and winter. The first consists of stone buildings located on a slope, the floor of which is deepened into the ground. From below, a long passage of stones, partially buried in the ground, leads to the house. Last part The passage, which is located above the floor, is covered with a wide slab of stone, and is at the same height as the bunks in the hut.
The snow house has a completely ordinary layout: the sleeping bunks are located in the back of the room, and there are bunks for lamps on the sides. When building walls above ground, stones or whale ribs are used, whose arcs are spaced so that their ends intersect each other (or both materials). Sometimes, when constructing the roof frame, whale ribs are used, adding supports to the structure. TO finished frame seal skins are tightly tied (which allows for high-quality insulation of the house from ice), on which they then lay a thick layer of small heather bushes and another additional layer of skins.
Scheme of construction and arrangement of an igloo house When constructing igloos, snow or ice slabs are used. The blocks are laid in a spiral, from right to left. To do this, two blocks in the first row are cut diagonally to the middle of the third, after which the construction of the second row can begin. During work, each row is slightly tilted so that a neat row is obtained. The small hole that remains at the top is closed from the inside using a wedge-shaped block. Then the builder, located inside the hut, seals all the cracks with snow.
The entrance tunnel digs through a snowdrift from the outside, ending in a hatch in the floor of the building. If the snow layer is shallow, an entrance hole is cut in the wall of the igloo, and a corridor of snow blocks is laid out next to it.
In this video you can watch the process of building a snow igloo house
Read also
Building a house from straw
The external entrance to the tunnel is about 1.5 meters high, which is why you can only walk through it with your head bowed. The entrance to the tunnel is even smaller - you can only find yourself in it if you crawl on all fours. But in the hut itself, the ceilings are quite suitable for freely moving around the room - their height reaches about 2 meters. Large snow house The Eskimo can reach a diameter of 9 meters, and the ceiling height in it reaches 3-3.5 meters. Typically, such large structures are built much less frequently and are used mainly for major holidays.
To complete the final finishing of the home, a lamp filled with seal oil is lit inside the room. The warming air causes the snow to melt, but the resulting moisture does not drip, but is absorbed by the snow layers. When inner surface The hut is sufficiently humidified, cold air is allowed into the room, due to which the walls from the inside are covered with a durable layer of ice. This technique increases the heat retention and strength of the walls, and also makes staying in the room more comfortable. In the event that there is no ice crust, one careless movement is enough for the snow to begin to crumble.
In order for the durability of the home to become even greater, it must withstand the cold well. Due to heating with warm air, the seams in the hut are reliably soldered, the snow shrinks, and the structure itself, made of several blocks, turns into a monolithic, strong structure.
Secrets of building a reliable igloo
- When working with blocks that are located next to each other, you should avoid touching their corners, otherwise the structure will become unstable. For convenience, it is recommended to leave a triangular hole at the bottom of the junction of adjacent blocks Not large sizes(it can be easily sealed with snow in the future).
- It is highly recommended not to move a block installed on a wall in one direction or another, as this may cause it to wear out and lose its original shape. You can simply place a block, trim off the strongly protruding parts on one side and below, and then carefully move it as close as possible to the adjacent block. Then, using a saw, it is made final finishing. It is recommended to lay the slabs with the “crust” side inside the structure, as it is more durable.
- To make the work process easier, the upper hole in the dome can be carefully covered with one of the plates. Large gaps that are located between the blocks are sealed with pieces of crust, and small ones are treated with loose snow. Through holes and cracks are easiest to see in the evening, by the light of a small bowl of seal oil burning inside the igloo. Besides this, warm air the joints will be slightly submerged, which will improve the quality of processing of holes and cracks.
- Before lighting a fire inside the igloo, you need to make a hole with a diameter of about 10-15 cm on the leeward side in the upper part of the dome and attach a smoke exhaust pipe made of strong crust to it.