How to find the letter e on the keyboard. How to type the letter "e" on the keyboard? — Useful information for everyone. Letter E and space key

You will need

• In its quest to simplify the iOS interface, Apple made an interesting move regarding the keyboard. In order not to overload it with rarely used symbols, it was decided to make them hidden. The number of hidden characters is so large that it will satisfy any punctuation lover.
• In addition to the letters Ё and Ъ, you can find various quotation marks here - both “herringbone” and standard quotation marks and apostrophes, ellipsis, paragraph sign, a wide range of world currencies, various dashes and hyphens. Revealing these hidden symbols is not easy, but very simple.

Instructions

Open the app where you type on the keyboard. This could be Messages, Notes, social networks, a browser, a scheduler, and in general any programs that require text input.

First, let's try to find the letter E.
Press the key with the letter E and do not lift your finger from it.
After half a second, an additional block will open above the button, in which you can select the desired letter (in our case, E) by simply moving your finger to it. The main condition is not to lift your finger from the screen. Otherwise, the additional block will disappear.
If you manage to select the letter E, move on to searching for all the hidden symbols.

If you can do without the letter E in modern language, then without a solid sign this is hardly possible. To find a hard character, hold down the button with the soft character. It will appear exactly like the letter E earlier.

Switch to punctuation layout. To do this, press the "123" key in the lower left corner of the keyboard.

You and I have already learned. Now it's time to learn the keyboard. In order to write a letter or a request in an Internet search engine, we cannot do without a keyboard. In addition, if your mouse does not work, you can use the keyboard. It is enough to know a few simple commands. Real programmers and hackers don't use a mouse at all. For them, the main instrument is the keyboard. Perhaps you, too, will work like this someday, but for now we will learn the basics of working on the keyboard.

Key layout

The entire keyboard, depending on its functions, can be visually divided into several groups:

• Function keys (F1-F12)- used to perform special tasks. If you press the same key again, the action is canceled. F1 key - opens help for the program you are currently in;
• Alphanumeric- These are keys with letters, numbers, punctuation marks and symbols.
• Control keys- These include keys HOME,ENDPAGEU.P.PAGEDOWNDELETE And INSERT.
• Cursor keys– used to move the cursor around documents, web pages, edit text, etc. Control keys (modifiers) (Ctrl,Alt,CapsLock,Win,Fn) – used in various combinations and individually.
• Number keys– for quickly entering numbers.
• Edit keys– Backspace, Delete.

Keyboard layouts may vary slightly. Often modern keyboards also have multimedia keys. Such as turning the sound on/off, volume control, going to the mailbox, etc.

Keyboard key assignments

Each key performs a specific action:

• Spacebar- the longest key on the keyboard. It is located at the very bottom in the middle. In addition to its main function, do
  space between words, it also deletes the “selected” object.
• Esc- cancels the last action (closes unnecessary windows).
• Print Screen-takes a screenshot. This screenshot can be pasted into Word or Paint. This photograph of the screen is called a “screenshot”. This key also prints the contents of the screen.
• Scroll Lock- serves to scroll information up and down, but this button does not work on all computers.
• Pause/Break-suspends the current computer process, but also does not work on all computers.
• Insert- serves to print text on top of what has already been printed. If you press this key, new text will be printed, erasing the old one. To cancel this action, you must press the Insert key again.
• Delete(on the keyboard it is often abbreviated Del) - deletion. Deletes characters located to the right side of the blinking cursor. Deletes “selected” objects (lines of text, folders, files).
• Home- go to the beginning of the filled line.
• End- jump to the end of the filled line.
• Page Up- turns the page forward.
• Page Down- turns the page back.
• Backspace- deletes characters located to the left of the blinking cursor while typing text. And it returns to the previous page in browsers and in Explorer windows, replacing the “back” arrow in the upper left corner.
• Tab- tab stops the cursor at a specific location on a line.
• Caps Lock- switch between upper and lower case letters.
• Shift- briefly pressing this key gives a capital letter. In order to type a capital letter, you must first press the Shift key and hold it down while pressing the desired letter. The Shift key can be pressed both on the right and on the left, whichever is more convenient for you.
• Alt- to switch to the opposite language (from English to Russian and vice versa) – you need to press the Alt key and without releasing it the Shift key. Pressing and holding the AltGr (right Alt) key is used to move to the second level of the keyboard.
• Ctrl- right and left. Opens up additional program features.
• Nut Look– includes an additional numeric keypad.
• Enter- information input key, confirms the command “yes”, or moves to the next line.
  Cursor keys - (up), (down), (right),
  (left). Using these arrows, you can move not only through the text you are typing, but also through open pages of sites and programs.

"Hotkeys

You've probably heard this expression. " Hot“They are called because when you press a combination of these keys, you can quickly call up some program or menu.

Each program has its own set of such keys. There is no need to memorize them. If you constantly work in some program, then it makes sense to memorize them. We will gradually study many of these combinations.

In many program windows, when you open any menu, next to a particular command, keyboard shortcuts are indicated for calling the same command.

Keyboard shortcuts

Typically such combinations are indicated with the sign + (plus). For example, Win+E. This means that you must first press the key Win, and then the key E.

The letters are meant to be Latin, regardless of what layout you have at the moment.

The most necessary actions on the keyboard

• In order to switch to another language, you must press the key simultaneously Shift + Alt or Shift + Ctrl.
• To print capital letter, you must hold down the key Shift and click on the desired letter.
• To print all text in capital letters only, press Caps Lock and let go. And to switch back to small letters, press this key again.
• To type a comma, you must press the key Shift and the comma key. They are usually nearby, on the right.
• The point in the English layout is located next to, to the left of the point in the Russian layout.
• To quickly call up the menu Start, you can press the key Win. It usually has a window icon (Windows logo) on it.
• Key Fn designed for laptop. If you press it and any of the keys F1- F10 , you can enable or disable additional features. Usually on the keys F1- F10 there is a little icon drawn that shows what exactly this key does.

For now, this knowledge about the keyboard is enough for you. Find each key on your keyboard and try it out.

On the standard virtual keyboard of touch phones, iPhones and smartphones when typing SMS and when corresponding on social networks, there is no hard sign and letter E. This creates some inconvenience when communicating. For example, users are forced to replace the letter Ё with the letter E, and replace Ъ with an apostrophe (a non-literal sign similar to a comma at the top of the line - “‘).

However, typing these two letters is quite simple. To type a hard sign (Ъ), you need to click on the soft sign symbol (b) and hold your finger on it for a split second. A pop-up field with a solid sign will appear, which will be immediately added to the text, or you will need to click on it.

Similarly, to type the letter E, you need to hold down the letter E. Just like with a hard sign, a pop-up menu with this letter will appear, which makes it possible to type it.

Why are some letters missing on the keyboard? The reason is that the Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters, and the English alphabet of 26. Well, since all operating systems were initially designed for an English-speaking user, when adapting the OS to Russian, the keyboard developers were unable to fit all the Russian letters on it and some symbols had to be sacrificed.

Note that this method of typing the letters Ъ and Ё works in absolutely all mobile operating systems for phones and tablets: Android OS, iOS, Nokia OS and others.

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As you know, in the Russian language there is a letter e . However, not everyone and not everywhere install it. So what is the right thing to do, to write or not? Personally, I rarely write it, other authors always use it. Let's look into this issue.

Let's turn to stories. The combination of sounds and [o] after soft consonants was not indicated in writing for a long time. Only in the middle of the 18th century were they used for this purpose. IO under a common lid, but due to the cumbersome design, it was ignored by most literate people. Sometimes signs were also used o, yo, iô, ió, io.

On November 29 (18), 1783, one of the first meetings took place Russian Academy of Sciences, which was attended by E.R. Dashkova (Director of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences), G.R. Derzhavin, D.I. Fonvizin, I.I. Lepyokhin, Ya.B. Knyazhnin, Metropolitan Gabriel and others. The project of the 6-volume “Dictionary of the Russian Academy” was discussed. And already at the end of the meeting Dashkova I asked those present how they would spell the word “Christmas tree.” Having written “yolka”, she remarked: “Is it legal to represent one sound with two letters?” She further continued: “These reprimands have already been introduced by custom, which, when it does not contradict common sense, should be followed in every possible way.”, — and suggested entering the letter e. Thus, November 18 (November 29, New Style) 1784 year can be considered the birthday of the letter e .

One of the first to use e started in personal correspondence Derzhavin. But only twelve years later the letter e appeared in a printed publication - in the poet’s book Ivan Dmitrieva“And my trinkets,” printed in 1795 at the Moscow University Printing House. Words meet there “everything”, “light”, “stump”, “immortal”, “cornflower”. In 1796, a poetic almanac was published in the same printing house "Aonids", published N.M. Karamzin. There with the letter e words printed “dawn”, “eagle”, “moth”, “tears”, “flowed”. In 1798 G.R.Derzhavin published from e first surname: " Potemkin" However, in scientific works of that time the letter e still not used. For example, in "History of the Russian State" Karamzin (1816-29) letter " e " absent. Although until recently it was Karamzin who was considered the author of this innovation.

Unlike th , which was introduced into the alphabet in 1735 and was required to be used, the letter e was not considered a separate letter and was not included in the alphabet. In addition, throughout the 18th-19th centuries, “mocking” pronunciation was considered as “philistine”, “mean”. The speech of a cultured person was “cheeky”, “church”. Among the opponents e there were such famous figures as A.P. Sumarokov and V.K. Trediakovsky. Thus, its use was optional. Letter e was included in "New ABC" L.N. Tolstoy (1875) and took 31st place, between yat and “e”.

However, the letter e did not always convey the correct sound of words, especially those borrowed from French and German, since it softens the previous consonants. Therefore, at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, it was proposed to introduce the letter ӭ (uh with two dots). Sometimes it was also used for these purposes ö . In posthumous edition Dahl's dictionary in a number of cases, publishers dotted the issue.

On December 23, 1917 (January 5, 1918), a Decree was published, signed by the Soviet People's Commissar for Education A. V. Lunacharsky, which ordered “all government and state publications” from January 1 (Old Art.), 1918, to “be printed according to the new spelling.” It also said: “Recognize the use of the letter e as desirable, but not obligatory”. At the same time, in 1918, Bolshevik periodicals continued to use the old spelling and only switched to the new one in the fall.

It should be noted that work on spelling reform began at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1904, a “Preliminary Report” was published regarding the reform of the Spelling Subcommittee at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, chaired by A. A. Shakhmatov. In 1911, a special meeting at the Academy of Sciences generally approved the work of the commission. The following year, 1912, a decree on the reform was published and some publications began to be published taking into account the new spelling. On May 11 (24), 1917, “Resolutions of the meeting on the issue of simplifying Russian spelling” were published. On May 17 (30), the Ministry of Public Education of the Provisional Government ordered an immediate reform of Russian spelling; another circular was issued on June 22 (July 5). Thus, the spelling reform of the Russian language was carried out even before the October Revolution.

On December 24, 1942, according to the order of the People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR, the mandatory use of the letter was introduced e at school, from now on it is officially included in the Russian alphabet. There is a legend that he personally had a hand in this Stalin. December 6, 1942 manager of the Council of People's Commissars Yakov Chadayev brought an order for signature in which the names of several generals were printed with the letter “e” rather than “e”. Stalin flew into a rage, and the very next day, December 7, 1942, the letter “e” appeared in all articles of the Pravda newspaper. For example: “Workers, collective farmers, Soviet intelligentsia! Strengthen your assistance to the front with selfless work! Sacredly fulfill your civic duty to your homeland and its valiant defenders at the front!”

However, the normative spelling rules were published only in 1956. At first, publishers used the letter e , but then began to use it only when necessary.

According to § 10 " Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation", operating since 1956, letter e is written in the following cases:

• When it is necessary to prevent incorrect reading and understanding of a word, for example: we recognize as opposed to learn; everything is different from everything; bucket as opposed to bucket; perfect (participle) as opposed to perfect (adjective), etc.
• When you need to indicate the pronunciation of a little-known word, for example: Olekma river.
• In special texts: primers, school textbooks of the Russian language, spelling textbooks, etc., as well as in dictionaries to indicate the place of stress and correct pronunciation.

Note. In foreign words, at the beginning of words and after vowels, instead of the letter ё, yo is written, for example; iodine, district, major.

According to § 5 new edition of these rules, approved by the Orthographic Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences and published in 2006, the use of the letter e can be sequential or selective.

Consistent use of letters e mandatory in the following types of printed texts:

a) in texts with sequentially placed accent marks;
b) in books addressed to young children;
c) in educational texts for primary schoolchildren and foreigners studying the Russian language.

Note 1. Consistent use of ё is adopted for the illustrative part of these rules.

Note 3. In dictionaries, words with the letter e are placed in the general alphabet with the letter e, for example: barely, unctuous, fir-tree, spruce, elozit, fir-tree, fir-tree, spruce; to have fun, to have fun, gaiety, cheerful, fun.

In ordinary printed texts the letter e used selectively. It is recommended to use it in the following cases.

1. To prevent incorrect identification of a word, for example: everything, sky, summer, perfect (in contrast to the words everything, sky, summer, perfect), including to indicate the place of stress in the word, for example: bucket, we recognize (unlike a bucket, let's find out).

2. To indicate the correct pronunciation of a word - either rare, not well known, or having a common incorrect pronunciation, e.g.: gyozy, surfing, fleur, harder, lye, including to indicate the correct stress, e.g.: fable, brought, carried away , convicted, newborn, spy.

3. In proper names - surnames, geographical names, for example: Konenkov, Neyolova, Catherine Deneuve, Schrödinger, Dezhnev, Koshelev, Chebyshev, Veshenskaya, Olekma.

In accordance with the Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 05/03/2007 No. AF-159/03 “On the decisions of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian Language”, it is required to write the letter “ё” in cases where the word may be misread, for example, in names own, since ignoring the letter “е” in this case is a violation of the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation.”

The greatest inconvenience is optional use e delivers in jurisprudence. People often cannot register an inheritance because the surnames of relatives are often spelled with a different letter. In 2009 Supreme Court of the Russian Federation admitted that “The letter “e” is not meaningful. The absence of two dots above the letter does not distort the data about the citizen.”

Interestingly, due to the optional spelling of the letter e , we pronounce many words incorrectly, replacing e on e And e on e. For example:

Replacing e with e:

• Koenigsberg is often pronounced as Koenigsberg. This mistake is also reflected in the film “Seventeen Moments of Spring.”
• Pyongyang should be read as Pyongyang (평양) (cf. English: Pyongyang).
• Goebbels (German Goebbels) should be written as Goebbels, Goering (German Göring) - as Goering.
• Mireille Mathieu (French: Mireille Mathieu) should be pronounced "Mathieu".
• Burns, Röntgen, Foeth began to be written “Burns”, “X-ray”, “Fet”, etc.

Replacing e with ё:

• "scam" instead of "scam"
• "grenadier" instead of "grenadier"
• "being" instead of "being"
• "guardianship" instead of "guardianship"

Sometimes misspellings become common usage.

There are also words that allow both options: for example, faded And faded, whitish And whitish, maneuver And maneuver, bile And bile and etc.

Some writers, scientists and cultural figures advocate for the mandatory use of the letter e , for example, it is necessarily used in the works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. In 2005, in Ulyanovsk, the homeland of N. Karamzin, by decision of the mayor's office, a monument was erected - a rectangular slab of brown marble, on which is engraved e. Every year on November 29th the Day of the Letter is celebrated. e ».

Thus, the author himself determines whether to write a letter for him e or not. According to opponents of the use e , when writing it, the eye “stumbles” over the superscript, two dots interfere with cursive writing. Yes, and in computers the letter e moved outside the main keyboard and located in the upper left corner, which is quite inconvenient for the typist.

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Apple engineers tried to make the electronic keyboard on the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch as convenient and aesthetically pleasing as possible. People who used Android devices before purchasing iOS-based gadgets will confirm that the employees of the Cupertino company succeeded. However, Apple engineers had to sacrifice some letters and symbols, hiding them from the eyes of inexperienced users.

This may seem crazy to many of you, but really a lot of people don’t know how to find the letters Ё and Ъ on the iPhone keyboard. Relying on autocorrect, they simply write the word with a soft sign, and all because they are not familiar with the hidden functions of iOS. Helping out such inexperienced users is our first priority.

How to find Ъ and Ъ on the iPhone keyboard

Step 1: Open any app that has a keyboard, such as Messages or Notes

Step 2: Press and hold the letter E (or b) for a second

Step 3. In the window that opens, you will see the proposed letters E or E to choose from (b or Ъ if you pressed the soft sign)

Step 4. Without lifting your finger, move it to the required letter and it will appear in the text

As you can see, everything is very simple - the iOS keyboard has ideal proportions, a neat appearance and does not lose its functionality. By the way, the same trick can be used for various symbols. Try it yourself and you will see what other secrets Apple engineers have prepared for you.