T in the home is influenced by:
- Climate.
- Seasons.
- Individual features of housing.
Normal temperatures may vary in different areas. For example, in the southern and northern regions, in the eastern and western, its numbers vary.
Due to the alternation of seasons, the microclimate also changes. IN summer period Temperatures rise and fall significantly in winter.
Features of housing layout also affect the maintenance of comfortable living. For example, in a corner apartment the degree of warmth is slightly lower.
The human factor is also involved in creating temperature characteristics. Each person has his own concept of heat and coolness. Women are naturally thermophilic; they need a slightly higher temperature than men. Young children do not know how to independently maintain their body temperature; they can easily become overheated or overcooled, which negatively affects their health.
Norms
Temperature regulation is carried out in accordance with GOSTR and the rules of the organization providing public services.
- A temperature of 20 to 25°C is considered comfortable.
- During the cold season 19 – 22 C.
- In the heat 22 - 25 C.
Temperature different rooms:
- Bedroom 17-18°C. In such conditions, the body rests and recovers.
- Kitchen 18-19°C. Saturated with heat-emitting electrical appliances, high t is not required.
- Bath 24-26°C. Because of high humidity dampness and discomfort arise. Requires t higher than other rooms.
- Children's room 23-24°C. Kids need more high degree heat, because they poorly regulate their heat exchange.
- Others 18-22°C.
Do not create sudden changes in heat between rooms, no more than 2°.
Heating season
In Government Decree No. 354 of 05/06/2011, it is clearly stated heating season. Based on this decree, heat enters our homes with a persistent decrease in temperature environment less than eight degrees for eight days.
On the sixth day we may not receive the required service if:
- Not produced preliminary preparation heat supply networks. Usually all repair work is carried out in the summer.
- Accident. From a sudden breakdown preventive measures may be powerless. Many factors such as strong winter frosts or the enormous summer heat, contribute to the rapid wear of communications.
The standard is developed for apartments with centralized heat supply. Having individual heating You don’t have to wait for the start of the season, but rather regulate the temperature in the house yourself.
The beginning of the heating season does not have a fixed date in our country. Depends on natural factors. Severe cold weather can occur in early or mid-autumn.
The approximate start date for heat delivery is the end of September and mid-October.
What temperature should it be in a corner apartment?
The temperature in a corner apartment should be two degrees higher than in others and is 20 degrees, the base one is 18. To maintain a given figure, in a cooler corner apartment, an additional battery is added to the project even before construction.
Optimal t mode:
- Bedroom 20–22.
- Children's 20-25.
- Kitchen 19–21.
- Bath 24–26.
- Others 20–22.
Allowed t mode:
- Bedroom 18–24.
- Children's 20–24.
- Kitchen 18–26.
- Bath 18–26.
- Others 18–24.
What temperature should the batteries be?
The temperature in our batteries is constantly changing, it mainly depends on weather changes, but it never goes above 90 degrees, this is enough to maintain comfortable conditions even in severe frosts. The main thing is a radiator of the appropriate brand with the necessary heat output.
Typically, throughout the year, water is heated to 50–70 degrees, in the summer it is supplied to the tap marked “hot”, and in the winter to the heating system.
The easiest way to measure:
- Place the thermometer in the container.
- Fill hot water from the tap.
Deviation is allowed only in big side by 4 degrees.
Other measurement methods:
- Place the thermometer on the battery and add one to two degrees to the resulting figure.
- Buy an infrared thermometer, it’s a little more expensive, but it measures with an accuracy of 0.5 degrees.
- Connect an electrical device equipped with the “measure temperature” function to the battery using a thermocouple wire. Record the indicators.
Device for continuous thermometry:
- Choose the most suitable place on the radiator.
- Place the most common alcohol thermometer.
- Secure with foam rubber for thermal insulation.
Fast, inexpensive, convenient and the temperature is regularly monitored.
Important. If the temperature does not meet the specified standard, file a complaint with the housing and communal services department. The arriving commission will determine the temperature of the water in the heating system. They are required to act in relation to paragraph 4 in the “Control Methods” of GOST 3049-96. The measuring device has a quality certificate, registration and verification. The error in its operation is no more than 0.1 degrees.
How to fix problems
Heating problems are immediately visible. Cold and constant dampness, the appearance of fungus on the walls. Nothing comfortable for human body accommodation is out of the question.
Main signs of problems:
- The radiator has a small leak.
- Uneven heating when using “warm floor” equipment.
- Seething and noise in pipes.
- Uneven heat distribution across floors.
- Different degrees of heat from radiators in different rooms of the same apartment.
- Poorly functioning system overall.
Barely warm batteries- most main feature your problems.
Reasons for this situation:
- Incorrect design.
- Incorrect equipment installed.
- Unauthorized connections.
- Poor quality installation of the system.
- Presence of air in pipes.
- Violations when installing radiators.
- Pipe wear.
- Lack of tightness of connections.
Step-by-step instructions for troubleshooting problems
- Entrust the design only to experienced specialists who will take into account all the features of housing:
- Layout.
- Volume of heated area.
- Possible loss of heat.
- Install equipment based on the design. It’s very easy these days to select matching taps, pipes, and sections.
- To avoid unbalancing the system, do not change radiators yourself. You must obtain permission to this type work and invite an experienced specialist.
- Water does not circulate well due to improper welding polypropylene pipe, the inside diameter has decreased. The Contractor must eliminate his shortcomings free of charge.
- To prevent the occurrence air jams, install special automatic air vents. They independently release the system, preventing the accumulation of air.
- To avoid problems with the radiator, hang it on strong brackets to prevent sagging and distortion. At a distance of 10 centimeters from the floor and 2-3 from the wall.
- You can repair a leak in a pipe in an accessible place yourself. Wrap with soft rubber and secure with wire. If the breakdown is hidden in the wall or floor, you will have to use the services of a specialist.
- Rust and limescale reduce the permeability of pipes; to prevent such complications, introduce water softening substances into the system.
Important! Don’t wait until the heating season starts; inspect all the pipes and radiators in your apartment in advance.
Don’t skimp on equipment; repairing your neighbors’ flooded apartment will cost more.
Not all plastic pipes are suitable for heating installation; hot water can cause them to melt or burst.
Recalculation of heating payments
If the temperature in the apartment does not meet the specified standards, you must present in writing your requirements in housing and communal services. Within two days, a special commission, after inspecting the housing and measuring the temperature in the radiators, will confirm the violation.
When the temperature in the rooms is 14 degrees Celsius, citizens have the right not to pay for this utility service. And the relevant organizations are obliged to carry out recalculation, guided by Appendix 1 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 307 “On the procedure for providing utility services to citizens.”
Recalculation is made in the following cases:
- The daytime temperature in the living room is less than +18, for the corner room +20.
- Frost is -30, and heating standards have not been increased to +20 and +22, respectively.
- The total shutdown time during the month is above 24 hours. It should be noted that interruptions in heat supply must be recorded. You can't prove anything without paper.
- One-time shutdown at external t -12 for more than 16 hours.
You must also submit an application for recalculation:
- In case of radiator failure.
- Registration of a subsidy.
- If the quality of the services offered is poor.
Recalculation will be refused if:
- Heat loss recorded. There is no insulation of walls, windows, doors.
- The risers are filled with air.
- Reduced heat transfer from radiators.
Recalculation is possible once during the year. Before starting the procedure, carefully weigh the pros and cons. The process is lengthy and requires a lot of documents. Careful preparation is required.
Reading time: 6 minutes
The annual rise in price of resources forces the end consumer to think not only about their savings, but also about the quality of the utility services provided. One of the most significant expense items in paying for an apartment is heating, so consumers monitor its parameters especially carefully. To do this, it is worth finding out what the normal temperature of the batteries in the apartment is in 2019.
Temperature standards for the heating system in an apartment building
Heating scheme in apartment buildings is built in cooperation with centralized system, to which the pipes are connected. Through them, the coolant is directed to the apartment building, where its further supply is regulated by inlet valves. After this, the water goes through the risers and eventually ends up in the radiators and radiators of each apartment.
The described processes, as well as everything related to the rules for providing the population with utility resources, are reflected in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 No. 354 “On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings” (hereinafter referred to as Decree No. 354). Heating quality requirements are set out in Section VI of Appendix No. 1 to the rules of Decree No. 354.
Besides, detailed rules the provision of heating services is prescribed in the Order of Rosstandart dated June 11, 2014 No. 544-st “GOST R 51617-2014. National standard Russian Federation. Housing and communal services and management of apartment buildings. Public utilities. General requirements"(hereinafter - GOST R 51617-2014) and "GOST 30494-2011. Interstate standard. Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters”, approved by order of Rosstandart dated July 12, 2012 No. 191-st (hereinafter referred to as GOST 30494-2011).
These acts establish the parameters of the heating system coolant apartment building. Thus, the temperature of the coolant (water) when supplied to the system is equal to the temperature of the water when it leaves the heating boiler. As a rule, the coolant should be brought to a temperature of 130-150 °C, but this indicator also depends on the outside temperature in the region.
Typically, the water leaving the boiler should have a temperature of 115 °C.
However, the standard temperature in the heating system can be within 95 °C or 105 °C (for different systems).
Next, to create comfortable conditions in the room, the proper state of the parameters of the riser, which conducts water from thermal unit to the apartment. They vary depending on the summer and winter seasons.
Of course, in practice, the temperature of the coolant in the riser depends on the operation of the thermal power plant and on heat loss on the way to the house. However, the riser temperature in winter should be in the range of 70-90 °C.
Air temperature standards in the apartment
The feeling of comfort from heating a room is subjective. However, there are uniform standards determined by the physiological needs of a person, as well as the purpose of the premises in which he resides.
Although there is a fairly large range of standards that prescribe what the temperature of the water in the heating system of an apartment building should be, the standards thermal regime air quality in the apartment is very clear.
So, in accordance with the standards, during the heating season the following temperature regime must be maintained in the apartment:
- in the living room - 18 °C;
- in residential corner room- 20 °C;
- in the bathroom - 25 °C;
- in the toilet (separated from the bathroom) - 18 °C;
- in a shared bathroom - 25 °C;
- in the kitchen - 18 °C.
Factors affecting room heating include thermal conductivity, other technical specifications, as well as the procedure for installing batteries. Therefore, compliance with the rules for their installation and use will ensure that the temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment and in the house meets the established standards.
In addition, you should carefully consider determining the number of battery sections depending on the area of the room. For example, a device in which the coolant is heated to an identical temperature will have a different effect on the heat flow with sections 5 and 7 on it.
Minimum value
In order to ensure air heating standards in residential premises, certain temperature conditions of radiators must be observed. However, at the legislative level, the minimum permissible temperature of the battery itself is not established.
It is logical that at low temperatures heating equipment it is impossible to provide +18-25 °C in housing during the cold season.
If the batteries do not provide the proper level of heating, it is worth starting to look for the cause. Before checking the temperature of the pipes, you should pay attention to the placement of the device and the availability of free access to the battery.
It is quite possible that the only problem is that the radiator is covered with furniture that prevents the circulation of heated air, or is fenced with a special protective panel.
Maximum value
In turn, more attention has been paid to what the upper norm should actually be in winter. Yes, the permissible maximum temperature norm radiator temperature in a living room is 95 °C if the home is equipped with a two-pipe heating system.
If the system is one-pipe, maximum temperature batteries should not exceed 115°C.
It should be noted that the optimal recommendation is 85-90°C. It is defined for practical purposes. This maximum water temperature in the heating system of an apartment building is associated with water boiling at 100°C. If this figure is exceeded, the radiator fails faster.
Take a sociological survey!
How to find out the temperature of the coolant in the batteries
When doubts arise about the quality of the heating services provided, and the inhabitants of the apartment simply begin to freeze, measures should be taken to determine the cause. To do this, measure the temperature:
- air in the room;
- pipes;
- batteries;
- coolant - water in the heating system.
The data obtained will help you understand whether the room is really unreasonably cold or whether it’s just a subjective feeling.
It must be taken into account that independent measurements heating indicators are not direct evidence of violation of standards. However, they can serve as a basis for filing a complaint and inviting representatives of the service organization for control measurements.
Determining the water temperature in the central system
It should be noted that it is possible to reliably measure the temperature of the coolant in the system central heating It's not that simple. The most accurate indicator remains only the air temperature in the room. However, you can do the following:
- Open the tap if it is installed on the radiator in the apartment.
- Place a container under it, after placing a thermometer there.
- Collect water.
- Wait for the final thermometer reading.
This indicator must comply with the described standards, but upward deviation from them is also allowed. Maximum deviation temperatures - up to 4 °C.
In addition, if air is detected in the heating system of the apartment, you should contact the service organization.
Determining hot water indicators
There is another way to establish the truth, related to the fact that the temperature heating batteries in the apartment and hot water supply indicators are directly related. Therefore, it is advisable to measure the water degree like this:
- Open the hot tap.
- Wait 3 minutes for the water to heat up to maximum.
- Take a container and place it under the stream without closing the tap.
- Place the thermometer in the center of the container.
- Wait for the final readings from the device.
If the device shows a number from 60 to 75 °C, everything is normal with the coolant. If the temperature data is lower, it is possible that the water in the heating system is not heated enough.
How to measure battery temperature correctly
When the issue with the coolant is clarified, you can think about how to measure the temperature of the battery in the apartment. This is easy to do in the following ways:
- Use a regular household thermometer. You need to apply it to the battery and wait for it to heat up. To account for the error, it is better to add 1-2 degrees to the data obtained.
- Use an alcohol thermometer, attaching it to the radiator with tape, and then insulating it insulating material, for example, foam rubber. The information obtained by this method is indicative in dynamics. The device can be left on long period for constant monitoring of the situation.
- Take advantage infrared thermometer. In practice, they have a small error, and do not require direct contact with the heating device. And the result is given instantly.
- Use electric meter with thermal ramp and sensor. The sensor is installed on the battery, and when the “measure temperature” function is selected, the device displays its value.
What to do if standards are violated
If you find that the radiators in the apartment are cold, you should find out whether this is a problem exclusively for this room or whether all residents of the house are faced with it. Collective appeal always attracts more attention than individual.
In order to winter period comfortable living in an apartment or country house it is necessary to equip the heating system. If you live in the private sector, this may be an autonomous network, but if you live in an apartment building, then it is centralized. In any case, it is necessary that the battery temperature is at heating season complied with the standards provided for by law and the relevant SNiP.
When does the housing office carry out work on connecting batteries?
In Russia, the heating season begins during the period when average daily temperature outside air becomes below +8°C, and ends when it begins to exceed +8°C, and it must be maintained for up to five days.
Standards
Let's consider the minimum indoor temperature:
- In the living room +18°C;
- In the corner room +20°C;
- In the kitchen +18°C;
- In the bathroom +25°C;
- In the lobby and landing+16°C;
- In the elevator room +5°C;
- In the basement +4°C;
- In the attic +4°C.
This value is measured at interior wall each room, and from outer wall the distance should be 1 m, and from the floor 1.5 m.
If hourly deviations from standard parameters are noticed, then the heating fee should be reduced by 0.15%.
It should be noted that this temperature standard is valid after the opening of the heating season, and there are no indicators for the off-season.
It is also necessary to know that hot water must have a temperature from +50°C to +70°C (SNiP 2.08.01.89 “Residential buildings”).
It is measured by opening the tap and lowering the thermometer into the container to a special mark.
What to do if the batteries do not heat well?
If the radiators do not warm the room, then the water from the tap will be at a lower temperature, and residents can write an application to the DEZ requesting an inspection. After inspecting the water supply and heating system, utility workers draw up a report, one copy of which remains with the residents.
If the complaint is confirmed, specialists are obliged to correct everything within one day to a week.
Also, if the water temperature in the heating radiators was 3°C lower (during the day) and 5°C lower (at night) than the standard, then the rent is recalculated.
Radiators must warm the room up to the specified temperature. sanitary standard degrees, since air temperature deviations are not allowed. And if this happens, then it is necessary to make a recalculation, according to which, depending on the square footage of the premises, the rent will be reduced.
Air ratio parameters
The room must have a certain air exchange rate, for example, if the room is residential and has an area of 18 or 20 m 2, then the rate should be 3 m 3 / h per square meter. m., the same parameters are also necessary in regions where the temperature reaches −31°C and drops below.
In dormitory kitchens and apartments equipped with electric and gas two-burner stoves and having an area of up to 18 m 2, aeration is 60 m 3 / h.
If there is a three-burner appliance in the room, then this value will be 75 m 3 / h, if available gas stove with four burners - 90 m 3 / h.
For a bathroom with an area of 25 m2, the air exchange rate should be 25 m3/h, and for an individual restroom with an area of 18 m2 - 25 m3/h. If the bathtub and toilet are combined and their area is 25 m 2, then the aeration is 50 m 3 / h.
If the common restroom has an area of 16 m2, then an air exchange rate of up to 50 m3 / h is required for one toilet, and 25 m3 / h for a urinal.
If the room is corner, then the room should be 2°C higher than usual.
During warm periods, the temperature in the elevator room should not exceed 40°C.
What is the temperature in the batteries?
There are certain parameters on this issue:
- To the taps all year round hot water must be supplied, the temperature of which should be from +50°C to +70°C;
- During the heating season, heating devices are completely filled with this liquid.
Let's look at how to measure the temperature of a radiator; to do this, open the tap and place a container with a thermometer. In this case, deviations are only possible upward by +4°C.
If a problem arises in this matter, then you need to file a complaint with the Housing Office, but if the batteries are airy, then the application must be written to the DEZ. A specialist will come within a week and fix everything.
Several more methods for measuring the temperature of radiators:
- A thermometer measures the temperature of heating pipes or the surface of a radiator. Add 1 - 2°C to the resulting value;
- In order to make these measurements extremely accurately, purchase an infrared thermometer-pyrometer, which determines the temperature with an accuracy of 0.5 ° C;
- Take an alcohol thermometer and apply it to the selected place on the radiator, glue it with tape and wrap it with any heat-insulating material(foam rubber, flywheel). This is a permanent device for measuring the temperature of the heating system;
- If you have an electrical measuring device at home with the “measure temperature” function, then a wire with a thermocouple is wound to the battery and the temperature of the coolant is measured.
This is important! If the temperature of the heating radiators does not satisfy you, then a commission will come to you based on a complaint, which must measure the temperature of the circulating fluid in the heating system. Their actions must comply with paragraph 4, which is specified in the “Control Methods” of GOST 30494−96, and the measuring device must be registered, state tested and have a quality certificate. Its range should vary from +5 to +40°C, and an error of 0.1°C is also acceptable.
Regulations in force in Russia
Let's look at some parameters that depend on the outdoor temperature.
According to GosStroy Decree No. 170 dated September 27, 2003, if the coolant supply to heating device carried out from the bottom up, then the following norms are adopted, which are shown in the table:
| Outdoor air temperature (°C) | Return (in °C) | Supply pipe (in °C) |
| +5 | 39 | 50 |
| +4 | 41 | 53 |
| +3 | 43 | 56 |
| +2 | 45 | 59 |
| +1 | 46 | 62 |
| 0 | 48 | 65 |
| −1 | 50 | 67 |
| −2 | 51 | 70 |
| −3 | 53 | 73 |
| −4 | 54 | 76 |
| −5 | 56 | 78 |
It should also be taken into account that the temperature of the circulating fluid at the entrance of the heating system to the room must correspond to the schedule that regulates the utility network for a particular room.
According to SNiP - 41−01−2003 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”, which specifies standards not only for administrative, public, but also for residential buildings, it is emphasized that:
If the heating system is two-pipe, then the maximum coolant temperature should be +95°C, and if it is single-pipe, then +105°C.
Conclusion
For a comfortable stay in an apartment multi-story building, in a country house or cottage, it is necessary to arrange the premises heating system. To do this, you need to know what temperature in the heating radiators is more favorable for creating comfort in the room.
All special parameters are indicated in different regulatory documents, and if for some reason they are not fulfilled, then the Housing Office considers the application or complaint and carries out appropriate control over the implementation of all necessary corrective work.
The transfer of heat into the apartment from the central heating system is carried out mainly through radiators. These are simple-looking, but very effective devices designed to increase the heat transfer area and create an optimal microclimate for living in the room. This article will discuss what temperature the radiators should be in order for residents to be comfortable in the apartment, and how acceptable heating interruptions are.
When does the heating season start?
According to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, heating in apartment buildings is turned on as soon as the average daily air temperature drops below 8 ℃ and does not rise above this mark for more than 5 days. If it's autumn warm weather, then the supply of heat to apartments may be delayed for some time - utility services have the right to do this.
Notably, they include central systems heating only on the 6th day after the air reaches the specified temperature values. As a rule, the official start of the heating season in most regions of the country falls in mid-October, and its end in April.
Why are there cold radiators in the apartment?
Very often situations arise when it becomes very cold outside, and the temperature of the water in the heating pipes does not increase. Moreover, often the coolant is not poured into the pipes at all. The reason for this lies, most likely, in the service organization’s dishonest attitude towards its responsibilities.
Among the probable reasons for the lack of heat in the house are:
- failures and breakdowns of heating system elements;
- system repair work not completed;
- presence of air pockets in the heating circuit.
In cases where the temperature of the water in the batteries does not rise due to preventive or repair work V common system heating the house, you just have to wait for them to finish. But if the reason lies in air plugs in the circuit, you need to either open the Mayevsky valves on the radiators and drain it, or contact a service organization. Within 24 hours, they must send a specialist to blow out the pipes and restore coolant circulation.
Reasons for interruption of heat transfer
It is worth noting that at the very beginning of the heating season, the temperature standards in the heating radiators are constantly observed and the heating works all the time. In some cases, boiler houses may interrupt the heat supply to apartments.
By law, interruptions in the operation of the heating system cannot exceed the following values:
- 24 hours – if the apartment is fixed minimum temperature at 12℃;
- 8 hours – provided that the temperature in the apartment fluctuates between 10 ℃ and 12 ℃;
- 4 hours – if the room temperature drops to 8 ℃ or even lower.
All intervals given are based on a monthly basis. If these numbers are exceeded, residents have the right to file a complaint with the appropriate authorities.
Temperature standards for heating radiators
Since the heating of an apartment building is a complex and extensive system, we have developed a special standard for the temperature of water in the radiators, compliance with which allows us to judge the efficiency of the operation of all equipment.
In this regard, it is very important when installing or replacing radiators to follow all the rules and technical requirements for this type of work. If there are errors and violations of the radiator installation technology, the heat will not be evenly distributed throughout the entire circuit. This means that in neighboring rooms or even apartments, the temperature of the water in the central heating radiators will be different - it’s hot in one, and cold in the other.
In addition, when installing batteries, it is important to correctly calculate the sections, which will allow you to maintain the normal temperature of the heating battery in the apartment.
Permissible temperature minimum
Oddly enough, the law does not stipulate a minimum threshold for what the temperature of the batteries in the apartment should be. The only thing that can be said with certainty is that the heat released by the batteries should be enough to warm the air in the apartment to 18-25 ℃. Therefore, provided severe frosts And low heat heating batteries, reach acceptable values air temperature is quite difficult.
Maximum battery heating level
But the maximum standard water temperature in central heating radiators is prescribed in SNiP 41-01-2003 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”.
According to this document, the standards are as follows:
- the temperature maximum for water in apartment radiators is 95 ℃ with a two-pipe heating distribution;
- for single-pipe wiring, the maximum temperature is 115 ℃;
- The recommended heating value for the coolant is in the range of 85-90 ℃, since when it reaches 100 ℃, water boils, and to prevent this, special substances are added to it.
It is worth noting that at the maximum threshold of the normal water temperature in the heating battery of 115 ℃, they work with increased load and fail quite quickly. Therefore, operating the equipment in this mode is not recommended.
Measuring the battery temperature
If the apartment is cold, you can measure the temperature in the heating radiators.
You can do this in one of the following ways:
- using a thermometer - add 1-2 ℃ to the value obtained on the surface of the battery and obtain the temperature of the coolant;
- infrared thermometer;
- alcohol thermometer - the device is tied to a battery and wrapped in heat-insulating material to obtain more accurate data.
Accurate temperature readings can only be obtained if you use a device with a quality certificate with a range from 5 ℃ to 40 ℃ and an acceptable error of 0.1 ℃.
After comparing the obtained values with what the battery temperature should be and identifying discrepancies, you can contact the service organization. It will perform a control measurement of fluid temperatures in the heating circuit in a specific apartment.
Alternatively, you can measure the temperature of the hot tap water– if it is supplied to the apartment. If a value in the range of 60-75 ℃ is obtained, then the norm is met, and all other values are already considered a deviation from it.
Procedure in case of no heating
Residents apartment buildings sometimes they are faced with a situation when the apartment is already very cold, and the temperature of the radiator in the apartment is not only below normal - the heating is completely turned off. If the reason for this is a breakdown of the heating system in the house, they must be eliminated. But if the culprit of the delay is the service company, it is important to provide evidence that the apartment is very cold.
A representative is invited from the service company and together with him they measure the temperatures in each room, recording the results in writing. After receiving the results, the heat supplier must urgently take measures to turn on the heating and recalculate the charges charged for the period of interruptions. In the absence of any response from the service organization, compensation can be obtained through the court for violation of the rules for servicing the population by utility companies.
IN winter time The minimum air temperature in the apartment is 18 ℃. Provided that the temperature falls below this level, the heat supplier must reduce the payment by 0.15% for each hour of the violation period.
If even after recalculation the situation has not changed in better side, residents should apply collective complaint about violation of minimum temperature thresholds in apartments. This complaint will become the basis for a claim in court, which may impose fines on the service company.
The water temperature standards in house heating radiators must comply with SNiP and be strictly observed throughout the heating season.
To protect themselves from violations by heat suppliers, consumers should familiarize themselves with the standards, deadlines and temperature limits of water in radiators and indoor air during the heating season. Then, if necessary, they can check all values with simple measurements.
Residents of apartment buildings often complain about the cold indoors. One of the main reasons for this may be low temperature water in heating radiators. We have already written about the reasons. What should be the temperature of the radiators in the apartment so as not to freeze? It also depends on the ambient temperature. But it is worth considering not only the temperature of the water, but also the material from which the radiator is made. If the temperature in the heating radiators in the apartment does not satisfy the residents, then they can call a commission to take measurements. Measurements are carried out using tested devices. This is how the temperature of the battery in the apartment is determined, the norm of which fluctuates depending on changes in weather conditions.
How to determine that the water temperature in the radiators is below normal?
A device that measures surface temperature with a beam.
The quality of heating is often determined by the air temperature in the room. If you feel that the rooms are cool, you need to measure the temperature. The maximum permissible temperature is +18 degrees. If it is lower, then you need to identify the cause. The main reasons may be leaky windows and doors, but a more compelling reason is low water temperature in the radiators.
To determine what the temperature of the batteries in your apartment should be, there are special calculations. They are compiled by specialists who compare the temperature of the water in the radiators and the ambient temperature. You need to call a special service that will measure the temperature in the heating radiators in your apartment. The obtained data is compared with the temperature graph data. This graph already calculates what temperature should be in the direct and return water supply pipes.
Table. Temperature graph of the ratio of heating to ambient temperature.
| Ambient temperature | Direct water temperature | Temperature reverse feed water |
| -15 | 105 | 70 |
| -10 | 92 | 63 |
| -5 | 78 | 56 |
| 0 | 65 | 48 |
| +5 | 50 | 39 |
These data are given for a single-pipe heating system, with water supplied from bottom to top. According to the table, when the outside air temperature is, for example, -10 degrees Celsius, the return water temperature should be at least 63 degrees. And this does not depend on which floor the measurements are taken - on the first or fifth. IN two-pipe system heating water temperature at -15 outside is allowed 95 degrees with direct water supply.
For everyone settlement its own temperature graph. It is approved by the city administration.
If the battery temperature in the apartment is below normal, this means that the boiler room is saving on heating. After water measurements, specialists draw up a report, and utility workers must correct all problems. At the same time, everyone has the right to demand a recalculation of heating fees. The rent should be reduced according to the square footage of the apartment. The temperature of the water in the radiators is one of the main factors warm home. According to battery temperature standards, a coolant must be supplied to the apartment, the degree of heating of which ranges between 80-85 degrees.
Utility services measure plumbing and heating systems. After this, an act is drawn up. Then, if the tenant's claims are confirmed, utility companies must increase or decrease water heating. Another way would be to install new heating radiators. Details about the installation can be found in the video:
You should pay attention to the material from which the batteries are made.
They have high thermal conductivity, so they will transfer heat well. But cast iron, although they are able to retain heat longer, will release it more slowly. Because of this, the room will take a long time to warm up.
The speed of water movement also affects the temperature in the heating pipes in apartments. Do not forget that in corner apartments it's always cooler, because in them more walls in contact with the street. To reduce heat loss, it is necessary to insulate the walls. Insulating windows and doors through which cold air penetrates will also not be superfluous.
What should you know about the temperature in heating radiators in an apartment?
You can screw a thermal head into the end of the battery.
To live comfortably in an apartment, you need to take care temperature conditions batteries To do this you need:
- independently measure the temperature of the pipes (use regular, infrared, alcohol thermometers or special electrical device with thermocouple);
- call utility workers if the temperature does not meet the standards (as a rule, it is lower than required);
- if the temperature of the battery during the heating period in the apartment is higher than normal, then special taps can be used to regulate it.
A pleasant microclimate in an apartment is the key to health, so do not neglect it. In addition, the degree of air humidity plays a crucial role. If it is too dry, respiratory problems may result. The quantity is also normalized fresh air for each room separately. According to many experts, the standards are somewhat too high, so even if the air exchange is only half, this is quite acceptable.
