The main purpose of fire-resistant doors is to prevent the spread of fire and smoke. Obviously, this task is only feasible if the door leaf is in closed position. This is precisely the purpose that door closers serve. fire doors. They ensure self-closing of the leaf and press it tightly against the door frame.
The finishing mechanisms are useful not only in emergency situations, but are also convenient in everyday use. They allow you to silently and smoothly close even heavy technical doors of reinforced construction.
Regulatory requirements for installing closers on fire doors
According to the current SNiP on fire safety, there are a number of door designs that require self-closing devices. These include:
- doors to staircases (except for apartment and external doors);
- doors in fire barriers of any type;
In essence, this requirement indicates the need to install fire closers on door structures special purpose. However, it is worth noting that current standards do not specify specific design or technical parameters self-closing devices.
Fire doors from StroyStalInvest
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Primer coating
Double-leaf fire doors
Price: 16,000 rub.
Primer coating
Double-leaf fixed fire doors
Price: 12,500 rub.
Characteristics and design of door closers
The main technical characteristics of closing devices are closing force and speed. The design of the mechanism is such that these parameters can be adjusted manually.The closer is a hydromechanical device, the main working part of which is some kind of elastic element. The body has a special cavity filled with oil, which allows for damping when closing the door. By adjusting special valves, you can adjust the force and speed with which the canvas will be pressed against the box. The heavier the door leaf, the greater the force required to close it tightly.
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Single-leaf fixed fire doors
Price: 8,800 rub.
The closer is a self-closing device door leaf.
Installation of most fire-resistant doors includes the installation of a finishing device on the leaf. This element ensures that the entrance structures are always closed.
This is especially important if a fire occurs in a building: the closer prevents the rapid spread of flame and smoke into adjacent rooms.
Requirements for closers on fire doors
In Russia, the use of door closing mechanisms on fire-resistant structures is regulated by SNiP.
According to current standards and rules, a metal door cannot be recognized as a fire barrier if it is not installed on the entrance block this device. At the same time, neither GOST nor SNiP impose certain requirements for its quality and fire-resistant properties. The mechanism is also not subject to mandatory certification.
At the same time, there are European standards - the European standard EN 1154. This document classifies closing door devices in 7 categories: from EN 1 to EN 7, from low forces to the most powerful, respectively.
According to current regulations, it is impossible to equip fire-resistant steel doors a finishing device of a class below EN 3.
The fire door closer is a hydraulic mechanism of the security structure. The product ensures smooth running of the unit and comfortable operation. When selecting a device, it is important to take into account the type of structure (entrance, interior), materials, temperature conditions, compliance with the standards of the current SNiP.
Requirements for the installation and quality of closers on fire doors are regulated by clause 6.18 of SNiP 01/21/97. The self-closing device must be mounted on the door blocks of emergency exits, stairwells. According to clause 51 of PPB 01-03, it is recommended to select a mechanism in accordance with the characteristics of the design solution. However, a certificate for door closers is not required.
Devices must meet fire safety requirements for the type of raw materials and functionality. During a fire, the door block must be closed to provide a fire barrier.
According to European standards EN, according to the force class, closers on entrance structures are divided into 7 levels. The indicator takes into account the mass of the door leaf that the mechanism can reliably close. According to special requirements, class 1 systems are optimal for lightweight sashes. Level 7 devices are mounted on massive blocks weighing up to 200 kg.
Width metal doors affects the force when closing, the dimensions of the closer, the distance between fasteners. According to EN standards, for level 1 doors the figure is limited to 750 mm; in class 7 blocks the permitted width is 1600 mm. The maximum possible opening angle should reach 180°. Designs for rooms with high level humidity must have an anti-corrosion coating.
Types and types according to installation location
Fire door closers differ in location and are installed:
- at the top of the door block;
- in the floor surface;
- in the doors.
The top type is popular because of its ease of installation. Installation is allowed on a finished door, the closer allows you to improve performance characteristics.
The lower mechanisms are mounted into the floor, have a horizontal design and are designed for massive blocks. Mechanisms floor type optimal for pendulum systems. Design solution selected at the design stage.
Hidden mechanisms are mounted at the end of the door and are not visible from the outside.
Auto-closing devices differ depending on the type of door (right-handed or left-handed). Blocks with 2 doors are equipped with 2 closers.
The closing of the valves occurs due to the action of traction, which is divided into 2 types:
- lever with folding elements;
- traction with a sliding channel.
Folding linkages are standard and include a rack and pinion system. The lever is a folding crossbar. The type of traction is optimal for the upper type of auto-closing systems.
The sliding channel rod movement is compact, ergonomic and impact resistant. The systems are used for built-in door closers.
Fixing the block at a given angle (70-150°) can be mechanical or hydraulic type.
When choosing, you should take into account the characteristics of closers, including weight, dimensions (width, height, depth).
Different types mechanisms are installed at the entrance to the building and in interior spaces. Features must be taken into account temperature conditions, in which the closer operates effectively. For entrance structures a wide temperature range is required. Standard mechanisms operate at -20…+ 40°C. For northern regions recommended devices operating at -45… +50°С. When choosing fittings for external units, it is important safety valve.
What matters is the service life (number of opening and closing cycles). The period of operation of the mechanism is recorded in the documents for the goods. According to the standards, the indicators must be at least 500 thousand work cycles.
The material of the mechanism must be shock-resistant and heat-resistant. The design of the element is selected in accordance with the design of the door structure and fittings (handles, locks, etc.). It is recommended to choose reliable manufacturers, because... depends on the functioning of the element fire safety buildings.
It is important to provide adjustment screws that allow you to adjust optimal speed closing.
The main functions of the closer can be supplemented:
- door opening brake;
- regulation of closing speed;
- sash closing retarder, etc.
Operational safety increases additional sensors, signaling the occurrence of smoke. Double-leaf doors must be equipped with devices for synchronizing the closing of the leaves.
Until recently, in Russia there were not only regulatory documents, but also the very concept of a “fireproof closer”. Several years ago, an article dedicated to fire safety standards and requirements was posted on our website. (You can read it at the end of this page).
However, time does not stand still, and GOST R 56177-2014 appeared in Russia, where the requirements for fireproof closers are specified in paragraph 5.1.12 and in Appendix B “Requirements for closers intended for use in the construction of fire/smoke doors” and are described as follows way:
"p. 5.1.12 To meet fire safety requirements, fire/smoke door closers as independent product or as part of a complete door design must have additional requirements, established in Appendix B."
“Appendix B (mandatory). Requirements for closers intended for use in fire/smoke door structures.
B.2 In the designs of fire/smoke doors, closers with a closing force of at least class 3 according to Table 1 must be used.
B.3 A locking device in a separate position is not allowed in closers unless it is an electrical locking device.
B.4 The delay function for closing the closer must be configured to close the door angle from 120 0 to the border of the delay zone in a time of at least 25 s.
B.5 To eliminate the possibility of blocking the closing or other action of the closer, the closer control regulators must be hidden or activated using a special tool.”
It should be added that in this case, the closer must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST, have warranty period at least 2 years (also according to state standards).
Currently, those presented on our website have a fire safety certificate in accordance with GOST requirements. Buy fire protection closers possible at any branch of the Door Closer Company
ARCHIVED ARTICLE ON FIRE CLOSERS:
How many “copies were broken” during the discussion of this topic, so we decided to answer this question once and for all, firmly and unequivocally -
CAN BE INSTALLED ON A FIRE DOOR
ANY DOOR CLOSER!!!
In Russia, fire safety standards (directly related to door closers) are dedicated - (put into effect on January 1, 1998, by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated February 13, 1997 No. 18-7, replacing SNiP 2.01.02-85). In this document, the door closer is mentioned only in paragraph 6.18 (which is in effect in accordance with Amendment No. 2, adopted by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated July 19, 2002 No. 90 and put into effect on July 1, 2002), I quote:
clause 6.18 “...Staircases, as a rule, should have doors with
and with sealing in the vestibules.
It is allowed not to provide in staircases self-closing devices
and sealing in the recesses for doors leading into apartments, as well as for doors leading directly outside.
Doors of emergency exits from premises with forced smoke protection, including from corridors, must be equipped self-closing devices
and sealing in the vestibules..."
Are you surprised?! Yes, you can just put a spring on the door, because... in fact, it is the simplest door closer! The only obstacle to this may be the requirement of clause 51 of PPB 01-03 - “... when operating evacuation routes and exits, compliance must be ensured design solutions..." That is, if your project involves a door closer, and not a spring, then there’s nowhere to go...
But in any case, you shouldn’t slide into the “stone age”! Just choose any one based on your project, budget, and technical specifications(weight, width) of a fire door. And not a single Fire Inspector will be able to object, because... “The Law” (SNiP 01/21/97) is on your side...
To complete the picture, let's dispel a few more myths:
Myth - “Fireproof Certificate for door closers.”
Reality - it DOES NOT EXIST in Russia! You can get a Certificate for a Door with a door closer, but you cannot get a Certificate for a Door Closer without a door. Because it is the door that relates to fire-resistant floors (clause 5.14 of the same SNiP 01/21/97), and it is the door that is subject to fire resistance requirements (clause 5.14 Table 2).
Myth - “The door closer must meet European standardsCERTIFIREand be markedC.E.»
Reality - yes, it should, and most closers are exactly like that, but we are not in Europe! We have different legislative and regulatory framework, we can even afford a SPRING or any door closer that suits your door and budget!!!
Which, however, does not at all prohibit you from paying attention to the manufacturers’ recommendations. door closers, offering certain models for fire doors, because in the end, they tried just for you.
Sincerely, Door Closer Company