The dimensions and weight of the valves can be very different. As a rule, furniture or interior doors are made of relatively light materials, but entrance doors, and even more so gates, can be very heavy. Accordingly, even the simplest option is average in reliability steel structure, weighs at least 100 kg, which requires reinforced fittings.
Door hinges for doors
It’s worth noting right away that such fittings are required only for really substantial weights – from 70–100 kg. You can get by with less weight common species, but from more durable materials- steel, and in larger quantities - not 2, but 3 or 4 canopies are simply attached to the sash. As a rule, this is more than enough for wooden interior panels.
However, the entrance leaf needs more solid devices. It doesn't mean so much special type fittings, although there are some that have a reinforced design and the inability to use lightweight options.
Overhead hinges for heavy wooden doors
Overhead awnings are among the simplest and most famous. Those options that are installed on interior doors, and occasionally on furniture doors, are not suitable for the front door, of course. We are talking about special metal products, imitating antiquity and representing a massive reliable design. This option is completely unsuitable for entering an apartment, since the overhead fittings are not burglary-resistant, but for a private, guarded home, such a solution is also possible.
Furniture hinges for heavy doors also belong to the category of overhead hinges, but they are not installed on entrance doors: the weight they can withstand is small.
Mortise fittings
The option is more reliable, since the plates that are attached to the door leaf and the frame slope remain inside, that is, the protection of such a leaf is higher. Canopies of this kind cut into wooden product and welded to metal. Their “carrying capacity” is much higher – at least 100 kg.
At high load is installed more awnings: heavy entrance structure put both 3 and 4.
Hidden awnings
Door hinges for heavy wooden doors or metal ones can be hidden. For the input model this is best option, since they are burglar-resistant. When the sash is closed, the rotary axis itself appears inside the leaf, so that the hidden fittings are simply not visible and not accessible from outside doors
Hidden canopies have 3 rotary axes - movable and 2 fixed. This ensures the versatility of the product: it can be opened on both the right and left sides. They can only be installed on door leaf sufficient thickness, since to place the canopy you need to form a fairly deep niche. For furniture doors hidden design cannot be installed.
Screw-in models
Another option for wooden or steel sashes is screw-in awnings. Here only the rotary axis remains visible, and pins are screwed into the slope of the frame and into the end of the leaf, or welded if we're talking about O iron structure. The advantage of the design is that it is adjustable: it is always possible to tighten the hinge if the sash sag.
The disadvantage of the solution is the weight restrictions: the fittings cannot support more than 100–120 kg. Moreover, for heavy sashes it is necessary to use screw-in canopies with a number of pins of at least 4.
Reinforced door hinges for heavy doors
For the heaviest metal structures use special reinforced canopies. They also fall into the adjustable category: canopy tension, repairs - everything is possible.
- Hinges on bearings - rolling or sliding. The first ones are intended for relatively light weight. The latter successfully withstand the weight of garage or entrance gate. This option is considered the most reliable and durable. The photo shows canopies on bearings.
Door hinges and crossbars are an integral part of any door unit. Through hinges, the door leaf is connected to the door frame, and the bolt, in turn, makes it difficult to open the doors freely, that is, due to its forward movement, the door leaf is locked.
Types of door hinges
A door hinge is a simple mechanism that secures a door to its frame. Door hinges are classified as follows:
- Classic or card door hinges are two plates movably connected to each other by a steel rod, the first of which is attached to the door leaf, and the second to the door frame.
- Double-sided hinges - open both inwards and outwards and, as a rule, are installed in public places, because such hinges for interior doors, as a rule, are not needed.
- A butterfly hinge or an overhead hinge without a mortise - this design allows you to avoid cutting openings for hinges either in the door or in the frame.
- Screw-in hinges - designed for doors with a rebate; to install them, drill two holes for the hinge rods (one smooth, the other screw). The main rod then closes decorative finishing(hidden loops).
Types of crossbars
A door bolt is a special metal object with a body shape in the form of a rotating rod or resembling a hook. Depending on the design of the lock, there may be several bolts in it. They differ:
- According to their shape (bars, cylinders), width, length and materials from which they were made.
- According to the mechanism that sets the bolt in motion - using a key (for entrance doors) or door handle (for interior doors).
Thus, before deciding what door hardware, hinges and crossbars you will buy, you must first decide on their purpose. For the rest, Leroy Merlin store consultants will help, they are highly professional and can answer any customer question.
Leroy Merlin offers a wide selection of products for low prices for residents of Moscow, as well as the cities of the Moscow region: Balashikha, Podolsk, Khimki, Korolev, Mytishchi, Lyubertsy, Krasnogorsk, Elektrostal, Kolomna, Odintsovo, Domodedovo, Serpukhov, Shchelkovo, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Ramenskoye, Dolgoprudny, Zhukovsky, Pushkino, Reutov, Sergiev Posad, Voskresensk, Lobnya, Klin, Ivanteevka, Dubna, Yegoryevsk, Chekhov, Dmitrov, Vidnoye, Stupino, Pavlovsky Posad, Naro-Fominsk, Fryazino, Lytkarino, Dzerzhinsky and Solnechnogorsk. You can order the necessary products online with delivery to all these cities or visit one of our retail stores
The superiority of removable canopies over universal ones, analysis of “butterfly” and “invisible” hinges. Distributing the load and explaining why the third loop just ruins everything. Separately, a mini-review of ideal partners for a solid door.
1. “Let’s decide: heavy doors are how many in kilograms?”
Conditionally: from 50 kg. Anything lighter can be handled by regular mortise hinges with 2.5mm thick cards. But for doors heavier than 50 kg, it is better to buy thicker hinges.
In general, the weight of the canvas depends primarily on: a) the material and method of filling; b) dimensions; V) exterior finishing. So that you understand the average layout:
~ 14 kg – weight of a “cardboard” interior door without glass (800 x 2000 mm, thickness – 35 mm).
~ 17 kg – similar model, but with a wide glass insert from top to bottom.
A solid oak interior door (800 x 2000 mm, thickness 35 mm) weighs ~ 40 kg.
The entrance door made of solid ash weighs ~ 75 kg (900 x 2000 mm, thickness – 55 mm).
~ 115 kg – weight of a church oak door (1300 x 2300 mm, thickness – 60 mm).
These figures are valid for bare canvas, and you always need to keep in mind the weight of decorative overlays (if any) and, of course, fittings. Alone door handles add 0.5-1 kg on top.
2. “How is the load distributed on the hinges holding a heavy door?”
Let's say we have classic version– door with two mortise hinges. Then the lower one bears the main axial load, and the upper one mostly takes the radial load. Simply put, the bottom hinge bears the weight of the sash, while the top hinge is subject to a force that tends to pull the hinge out of the jamb.
Door hinges wear mostly downward. Under the weight of the canvas, their halves are ground against each other, and bearings are gradually developed. As a result, over the course of a year, the interior door in the house drops by about 0.2-0.3 mm. That is, in 5 years it will inevitably sag by 1-1.5 mm. And this even with ideal conditions: adequately selected loops, proper installation etc.
Thus, the correct choice (taking into account the weight of the canvas) door hinges will allow you to delay as much as possible creaking, stiff movement, clinging of the canvas to the box and other incidents. And vice versa: if you hang a thick oak door on steel hinges 100 x 75 x 25 mm, then expect disaster. The hinges may not break out of the box, but they will suddenly sag.
3. “Why do you suggest buying mortise hinges for a heavy door? There are overhead “butterfly” awnings.”
No groove (groove) is made for butterflies. In fact, the door is held in place by four poor self-tapping screws on the bottom hinge. Butterflies also have a gigantic gap “out of the box”, which will only grow. In this situation, any wooden door in the 50+ kg category is doomed. It will quickly sag and begin to rub against the frame, even if it is hung by 3-4 butterflies.
4. "A door hinges hidden installation(“invisible”)? What's wrong with them?
They have a short hinge mechanism and a small fastening area, which leads to an increase in the load on the screws, and there are two of them on the side of the sash and the frame. In general, it is already clear that these are not the best hinges for thick doors (as well as for tall, wide, etc.).
Many more invisible ones narrow the opening angle. Sometimes very seriously - from 180° to 100°. You can, of course, move the box forward, as if drowning the platband in it, but this is unlikely to please your master. He already has a lot of work planned, because for hidden hinges the groove is milled not by 2-3 mm, as in the case of mortise hinges, but often by 10-11 mm or more. It would seem okay. But then we remember that we have heavy wooden doors and inside is not soft pine, but something very hard - oak, beech, ash. Such wood can be removed with a milling cutter, but it will not be so quick and easy. By the way, it won't be cheap either.
And since we're talking about money. Decent hidden door hinges (the kind that can withstand a heavy door) cost from RUB 3,000/piece.
5. “So, mortise hinges. But which ones: universal or removable?
Removable. And the point is not that with them you can remove the canvas at any time without unscrewing the screws. They have another not obvious, but extremely important advantage - simplicity. Removable hinges have only two rubbing surfaces and one support point (in the form of a hardened ball at the end).
Due to the simplicity of the design, removable hinges have less play and are not so sensitive to workmanship. Basically, if the ball rests against the cap, the hinges should and will work fine. Even if otherwise they have minor and moderate flaws in geometry.
With universal canopies on 4-5-6 bearings everything is complicated. To ensure that the bearings are evenly loaded, precision casting is required. It is unrealistic to achieve this in the cheap segment: door hinges for heavy doors costing 150-200 rubles are not cast, but stamped, and the axial play in them can reach 1-1.5 mm. This is already enough so that even with a perfect insertion, only one bearing plays the lead, and the rest just play along. In turn, this forces wear on the first bearing. After it is worn out, the blade will sag to the position of the next one, which from that moment will begin to work towards accelerated wear.
By the way, the removable loop has another advantage. If it sags, you can compensate for the change in height by ordering a brass or bronze washer from a turner and throwing it over the axle. Universal canopies non-separable - and such a trick will not work there.
6. “How many hinges do you need for a heavy door - two or three?”
For two, except special occasions(more on this at the end of the paragraph). In this case, they should be fastened with a distance of 200 mm from the top and bottom of the canvas.
Why exactly two loops? First of all, three is almost always overkill. Let’s say you can order Palladium N 700 door hinges from us, which together can handle a 90-kilogram leaf. And 90 kg is a lot: 99% of home doors made of wood will fit into this limit.
Secondly, the third loop is needed for pressing. Its participation in load distribution is negligible, if not zero at all.
Thirdly, it is incredibly difficult to embed three hinges, aligning them along the same axis. Even if it works out, no one has canceled the seasonal fluctuations of wood, and the door will inevitably move. Because of this, the carefully set alignment will move, the load on the canopies and fasteners will become variable. Simply put, the porch will be broken, one of the hinges will begin to creak. Moreover, it is impossible to predict which one.
It makes sense to add a third loop in two cases:
Weak and thin door frame(≤ 20 mm in thickness);
High blade (≥ 2200 mm).
7. “I want to buy hinges for a heavy wooden door that will last at least 20-30 years. No creaking, jerky movement, sagging, etc. What to look for?
1.[Sideliness] This is if you listened to our recommendation and opted for removable models. How to distinguish a right loop from a left one.
2.[Size] If the door is heavy (70+ kg), take higher and thicker awnings. For example, our brass hinges Palladium N 700-5″ (125 x 80 x 4 mm) - they are designed for weights up to 100 kg. If the door is moderately heavy (60-70 kg), 100 x 80 x 4 mm will do. TO interior paintings weighing 40-45 kg you can limit yourself to loops 100 (125) x 75 x 2.5 mm.
3.[Material] Steel is in best case scenario B with a minus in geometry. Brass hinges tend to be much more accurate because they are not stamped but rather cast.
The weight and size of door leaves can vary greatly depending on the purpose of the door and the material from which they are made. While there are no problems with the choice of canopies for furniture and interior doors, the same cannot be said about door hinges for heavy doors or gates.
You need to select reinforced fittings for them, as they must withstand very serious loads.
The reliability and efficiency of door accessories also determine performance characteristics the doors themselves: service life, noiselessness, ease and smoothness of opening. And if we are talking about products located at the entrance to a house or site, then additional requirements are imposed on the hinges.
This:
- Resistance to intense wear;
- Resistant to moisture and dust;
- High level of resistance to tampering attempts.
For reference. The most vulnerable point of steel entrance doors is the hinges, which are often cut off to gain entry into the house.
Therefore, when choosing canopies, we try to take into account all factors that may affect the safety, convenience and duration of their use.
Namely:
- Location of the door block;
- Conditions and intensity of its operation;
- Dimensions and weight of the sash;
- The direction of opening the door leaf;
- Appearance of fittings.
If the door is very heavy, then in addition to the special design of the canopies, their optimal number for each door is selected. Quite often, instead of two, three or even four loops are used in order to more evenly distribute the mass of the fabric between them and eliminate possible deformations.
Types of canopies for massive doors
Special fittings are selected only for really heavy doors. The instructions require installing it on canvases weighing from 80-100 kg. With a smaller mass, you can get by with regular loops, increasing their number if necessary.
Door hinges are classified according to characteristics such as type of design, installation method, material of manufacture.
By type of design
According to their design, hinges are divided into one-piece and detachable.
The first ones consist of two cards mounted on the rotation axis with holes for fastening. Standard loops are 10-12 cm long and are used primarily when installing lungs.
- Frame card with three hinges;
- Sleeve;
- Door card with two hinges;
- Self-tapping screws for fastening.
Reinforced door hinges are available for heavy doors large sizes with an increased number of fastening points. The thickness of the cards is also made larger (minimum 3 mm versus 2 mm for conventional canopies).
Please note. The use of one-piece hinges is ineffective due to their short service life and low reliability. Such loops quickly wear out inside, which leads to squeaking and sagging of the canvas. In addition, to remove the canvas from the box, the hinges must be unscrewed.
There are two types of detachable canopies: with a ball and with a bearing.
Structurally, they look like this:
- Door card;
- Fist;
- Steel finger;
- Frame card.
You can remove the door leaf by lifting it and removing the door card with frame.
Please note. To prevent your front door from being broken into by removing it from its hinges, purchase door hardware with special recesses and projections that align when the door is closed and limit the vertical movement of the door leaf.
In order for such canopies to serve longer and more reliably, they are equipped with additional elements:
- Loops with balls. This is an improved version of the usual detachable hinge. In it, a steel ball is placed in the door card, ensuring easy sliding of the finger in the fist and smooth opening of the door. Such canopies do not sag, but over time they may begin to creak. Grease with grease helps remove it.
- Bearing hinges. The most common type, which has a lot of advantages: strength, reliability, durability, low maintenance requirements, and no squeaking throughout the entire service life.
By installation method
Installation of hinges can be done in different ways depending on their design and purpose:
- Overhead hinges- the most common and easiest to install, which is easy to do with your own hands. It was they, forged by blacksmiths, that were used by our ancestors from time immemorial. Today there are more modern and reliable options, but neither one nor the other is suitable for installation on entrance doors, as they are not protected from burglary. However, they can withstand a decent weight, so they are placed both on metal doors, and on gates or heavy solid wood products.
- Mortise hinges much more reliable, since their cards are attached to the end of the door leaf and the inside of the frame, and closed position become invisible. Depending on the size and thickness of the plates, two hinges can withstand fairly decent loads - up to 100 kg. They are called mortise because grooves are selected for the cards in the body of the canvas and the box, allowing the plates to be “recessed” to the level of the main plane.
- , unlike overhead and mortise ones, are reliably protected from cutting, since when closed door their rotary axis is absolutely invisible. Unsurpassed reliability, strength and ability to withstand quite large loads allows you to install such canopies on armored doors of cash registers and banking premises. They are universal: they can open the door both on the right and on the left. However, they also have a serious drawback - small angle opening the doors.
For reference. For steel doors Other types of hidden loops are also used.
- Screw-in hinges consist of two “barrels”– cylindrical parts with holes for fastening and with pins that are screwed into the frame slope and the end of the door leaf. The axis of rotation is located inside the cylinders. Essentially this is analogous card loops, in which the role of cards is played by screw-in pins. A disadvantage of the design can be considered weight restrictions: two standard hinges will not withstand a load of more than 100-120 kg, their number in the case of heavy sashes will have to be increased to 3-4.
According to the material of manufacture
Various metals and alloys are used to make canopies for heavy doors.
- Conventional uncoated steel hinges are practically not in demand today and are used only for doors to non-residential utility rooms or street fences.
- Stainless steel hinges are more popular as they have high resistance resistant to temperature changes and moisture, retaining their original appearance for a long time.
- Canopies made of alloys of steel, copper, zinc and aluminum, coated with enamel, brass, or bronze or gold compositions, are valued for both wear resistance and decorativeness, allowing you to choose fittings for the door of any color and design.
- Brass canopies are the most expensive, but they are superior to hinges made from other materials in all operational and aesthetic indicators. They are most often used when installing premium doors.
Conclusion
If you purchased a door and are going to install it yourself, all necessary information you have a choice of awnings. The installation process itself is shown in the video in this article.
But in the case of massive panels, it is better to purchase ready-made doors from well-known and reliable manufacturers who supply all the necessary fittings with them. It also includes door hinges for heavy doors, selected taking into account the design and weight of the product.