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The positive impact of wood has been valued by people at all times, therefore the use of this material, both for the construction of walls and structures roofing structures, is still observed. Wooden houses are beautiful, practical and comfortable. The final stage in the construction of any building is the roof, so you should pay attention to how you create a wooden roof with your own hands and how long it will last.
Wood, being the first material used in the construction of residential buildings, is becoming popular among modern craftsmen. Several decades earlier, the cost of such a roof was the lowest, and installation was the simplest. Now everything is different: the material is very expensive, and installation requires a lot of technical training and experience. As before, production wooden roof according to all the rules will allow you to get an exclusive designer construction, which will last for many years.
Selection of roofing materials
The roof can be laid from:
- shingles - special sawn boards for rigid connection in which there are grooves and tenons;
- shindel - small chipped boards in the form of wooden tiles unusual shape;
- ploughshare - resembles a shindle, but in shape similar to a shovel or a pyramid with a figured lower cut;
- tesa – edged boards made of coniferous wood, sometimes with a groove on the edge;
- shingles - planks chipped from an alder, spruce or aspen trunk, uncalibrated and very thin;
- wood chips - an analogue of shingles, shortened in length.
It should be remembered that the roofing wooden house allowed only in the form of a pitched structure with a slope of 18-90 degrees (read: ""). If there is a large slope, much more material is consumed, which significantly prolongs the life of the flooring.
Description of wooden roof installation
Depending on the selected materials, the installation technology, as well as the roof, is determined.
The most difficult part will probably be working with shingles. If the builder does not have experience in such work, then a do-it-yourself wooden roof in this case may cause some difficulties, or may not work at all. Externally, the material is represented by small planks (width - 10-15 cm, length - 40-70 cm), which are sawed or split by hand. Due to the roughness formed on the saw cut, moisture will be absorbed, so great value is attached to the material due to the presence of natural fibers.
On one longitudinal side, the board is trimmed until the thickness reaches 3-5 mm; on the other side, a wedge-shaped groove 10-12 mm deep is cut out, as in the photo. Shingles are made from coniferous trees, aspen and oak. The basis for laying the covering is the sheathing (beams or poles with a cross-section of 40x40 mm or 50x50 mm). The calculation of a wooden roof is carried out so that beams or poles are attached in increments of 1/3 of the length of the shingles, and a continuous sheet can be created from the boards.
Horizontal rows of material are laid in compliance with the same direction of the grooves and fastening the narrow ends of the shingles into them. As soon as the planks are laid out evenly on the roof, they are nailed along the top edge to the beam. The nail must penetrate the sheathing at least 20 mm. The selection of nails depends on the type of wood, for example, cedar and larch are nailed with copper, other types of wood can be secured with galvanized nails.
How much reliable device wooden roof, will depend on the shingle layer:
- For gazebos and outbuildings Two layers are enough, where the laying of a new row is carried out by overlapping half of the previous tiles (read: "").
- Construction residential buildings is performed on the basis of three layers, with the new row placed 2/3 on top of the previous one.
- Buildings requiring High Quality and reliability, they can have a four-layer structure, where new rows are placed on top of the previous ones by ¾.
When laying staggered, the upper planks are positioned with the lower part to the middle of the previous row. The fastening of valleys (roofing joints with a concave end) is carried out using a fan, that is, the narrow side of the planks is planed at a certain downward angle so that the shingles become trapezoidal in shape.
The ploughshare and shindle are attached in a similar way to shingles. Since the covering boards are short (about 20-40 cm), the distance between the sheathing bars is reduced. The elements do not have connection grooves, so they are laid joint-to-joint, taking into account the fact that the wood may swell over time (leaving a gap of 3-5 mm between the plates).
CLAY REED ROOF
IN autumn-winter period reeds are harvested, cleaned of rotten stems and panicles, and tied into bundles.
Clay mortar They prepare the same as for clay-straw sheaves. They dig holes, put bundles in them and fill them with solution. After five days, the bunches are removed and dried for outdoors three days.
Clay reed roofing can be laid on a roof with a slope of 30 to 60° and a sheathing of sanded poles 8 - 10 cm thick. The poles are laid behind dowels located on the rafters at a distance of 30 - 40 cm from each other. Temporary supports must be placed under the rafters, which are removed after the roof has dried.
The roof is laid in a layer of 10 cm, leveled, and covered with a layer of sifted earth (3 - 4 cm), which is also leveled and compacted. A 2 cm layer of coarse clay grease is applied to the ground, and a 5-7 cm layer of clay mixed with straw chaff is applied to the grease; it is well leveled, compacted and smoothed. All this work should be performed on a dry roof and in the dry season.
A properly installed wood chip roof can last over 40 years. The steeper the slope, the longer the chips last, and vice versa (the slope of the rafters under the chips ranges from 28 to 45°). The number of layers of chips being laid also plays a significant role.
A laid roof made of wood chips requires almost no maintenance, except that from time to time you have to correct the rows on the slopes, where moisture is most retained and the roof quickly becomes unusable.
Chips (shavings) are made from pine, spruce, and aspen in the form of plates up to 500 mm long, 60 to 120 mm wide, 2 to 3 mm thick.
For the production of wood chips, the simplest lever- or wheel-type machines are used. First, the wood is sawn into pieces (logs) of the required length, then they are split into two or four parts, inserted into the machine, secured and planed. Most often, a knife does not cut wood in the direction of the fibers, but cuts them. If you take a chip and bend it, then individual wood plates will rise on it - the so-called “spins”. When covering, the chips should be laid with the pins down, i.e., in the direction of the roof slope, thereby ensuring the free flow of water. If the wood chips are laid with the pins facing up, the water will linger under it and it will rot faster. The chips are secured to the sheathing with so-called shingled or chip nails 50 mm long and 1.5 - 1.7 mm thick.
On average, 100 pieces are required per 1 m 2 of roofing with a three-layer coating. wood chips, 110 g nails; with a four-layer coating - 120 - 140 pcs. wood chips, 150 g of nails.
It should be noted that the roof made of wood chips can be five-layer.
The lathing for wood chips is made from dry, straight, sanded poles with a thickness of 50 - 70 mm. They are placed along the axes 160 mm apart from each other. With a four-layer coating, the poles can be spaced at intervals of 230 mm. Individual unevenness of the poles (on the front side) should be trimmed.
On slopes, instead of poles, it is recommended to nail one or more boards with a total width: for a three-layer coating - 350 mm, for a four-layer coating - 400 mm. The width of the outermost board should be 100 - 250 mm. If you lay one board, then two thin poles should be added to it. It is best to plan the board from the front side and paint it 2 - 3 times oil paint or cover with hot bitumen (so that when water flows through the chips, it does not fall on the walls, but flows down the board).
Considering that wood chips deteriorate faster on slopes, it is recommended to cover this area one row more than the entire roof. For example, with a three-layer coating, the descent is made of four, with a four-layer coating - of five layers, etc.
The boards on the descent must be laid so that when wood chips are laid on them in three layers, the wood chips will be at the same level with the sheathing pole laid above the boards, to which the second row of wood chips is attached. With a four-layer coating, the chips should also be flush with the sheathing pole. This is necessary so that the additional shingles of the second row that are being laid on the descent fit tightly to the previously laid one. The arrangement of boards, poles and chips for a three- and four-layer roof covering is shown in Figure 159.
Rice. 159. Roofing made of chips (dimensions in cm):
a - three-layer coating: b - four-layer coating; a - the order of laying the chips; her- arrangement of rows; d - gutter covering.
A three-layer coating is done like this. For the first row going down the slope, shortened chips 350 mm long are used. This row is then covered with a layer of wood chips laid on the second row. The lower ends of all four layers of shingles must be at the same level and overlap or overhang 40 mm above the nailed formwork or pole (board). To do this, at a distance of 40 mm from the sheathing board, a side board is temporarily attached, against which the ends of the first row of chips will rest, making it possible to obtain an even roof overhang. When laying three layers of the first row, each chip is nailed to the lath or board. The first layer is laid from right to left, the second - from left to right, the third - from right to left and the fourth - from left to right. In this case, each chip must necessarily overlap the previous one by 25 - 30 mm along the edges.
It is recommended to place wood chips under small angle(15 - £5°) in relation to the board or lathing. To do this, one of the sides of the first chips is raised with linings on desired angle and fastened with nails. Then a second one is placed on the first chip (covering 25 - 30 mm), with pads they give it the desired angle, nail it, etc. The last (fourth) layer of the first row is laid from chips of normal length; this layer will lie on the lathing, to which the second three-layer row of chips will be attached.
A three-layer laying of wood chips is shown in Figure 159, a.
The second row of wood chips is laid in three layers, so that it overlaps the previous row by 2/3 of its length (150 mm in the figure). Subsequent rows should also overlap the underlying ones by 150 mm.
The ridge row is made of wood chips 350 mm long.
With four layers of coating The first row is made of wood chips 400 mm long. Lay the layer in the same order as in the previous case. The fifth layer is made from chips of normal length. Each laid row should overlap the previous one by 3/4 of its length.
The ridge row is covered with wood chips of the same length as the first row.
When covering grooves(Fig. 159, d) First of all, you should remember that in the valleys the slope becomes gentle, so it is necessary to lay additional ones between the main battens.
The wood chips are fanned out and nailed with two nails. The number of layers on the gutter is the same as on the entire roof, but there may be one layer more.
When covering the ridge the roof made of wood chips, brought to the very ridge, is covered on top with a wooden gutter, knocked down at a certain angle. They do it like this. Take two boards with a width of 180 - 200 mm and a thickness of 25 mm, plan them from the front side and, if necessary, remove an edge from one of them in such a way that when fastening the boards, you get the angle necessary to cover the ridge. The knocked down gutter is placed on wood chips and nailed with nails 90 - 100 mm long. Then it is painted over two or three times with oil paint or heated bitumen.
For lining chimneys And dormer windows Roofing galvanized steel is usually used. If you don’t have it, you can use black, pre-painted two or three times on both sides with oil paint. This work is carried out in the same way as when covering a roof made of flat asbestos-cement tiles and corrugated sheets.
Roof care from wood chips is as follows. With the onset of spring, snow from the roof is swept away with a broom in the direction from the ridge to the slope. Correct all noticed defects, and Special attention turn to the descents,
For modern man a wooden roof is more likely associated with fabulous beauty Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in Kizhi. Wood was the main roofing material in pre-Petrine Russia. Roofing made of shingles and planks prevailed in peasant farms until the first third of the twentieth century. Traditional roofing materials are making a comeback modern construction, but at a new level of quality. How realistic is it today to cover the roof of your own house with wood, how long will it last and how much will it cost?
Wood has been used as a roofing material for a long time. Such roofs were traditional in regions with a cool climate, significant reserves valuable wood and the lack of raw materials for the manufacture of other types of roofs: slate and ceramic. These are central and northern Rus', Scandinavia, northern Germany, Belgium, the Baltic countries. Many peoples of Siberia also built houses under shingle roofs. Russian architects achieved the highest perfection in the construction of roofs covered with wood. The skill of our ancestors, who delicately covered zakomaras, kokoshniks, domes of churches and royal chambers with figured plates, is unsurpassed.
The kokoshniks, drums and domes of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord are covered with carved pine plates. Although they have a similar shape, they have different sizes
The first settlers of the North American colonies used wood chips not only as roofing material, but also sheathed their entire houses with it. The vast majority pitched roofs in the northern states of the USA and throughout Canada, until the mid-twentieth century, they were covered with wood. Modern high-tech (and inexpensive) roofing material invented by the Americans - bitumen shingles- the shape imitates wood shingles. Moreover, unlike Europe and Russia, where in the middle of the twentieth century the shingle roof lost its relevance, in North America the tradition was not interrupted, production roofing materials production of wood did not stop, and technologies were constantly improved.
Americans love wood shingles and know how to work with them. In this case, several die formats were used
Amazing coating properties
Types of wood for roofing
For roofing works suitable breeds contain natural preservatives: resinous or tannins. They significantly increase the service life of the material. Almost all coniferous species contain resin, budget options- pine and spruce, in Western Europe- fir. Aspen is accessible, easy to process, but does not last long. Siberian larch and Canadian red cedar have the maximum amount of resin (correspondingly, the highest service life).
In Germany, where there are more oak forests than coniferous forests, oak or beech plates were traditionally used on the roof. Exotic species are also used as shingles: teak, ebony, rosewood. They are beautiful and durable, but few people can afford them. You can find beautiful and original shingles from tree bark, as a rule, oak.
Particularly popular are shingles made from Canadian cedar, aspen, oak, and Siberian larch.
Which is better: splitting, peeling or sawing?
Traditional methods The manufacture of roofing materials from wood involves its processing without the use of sawing. The elements are split or peeled. Relatively dry workpieces are used for splitting; the thickness of the plates is quite large - 6-18 mm. The peeling method produces thin plates up to 5 mm thick. Plank boards are also split and then hewn with a plane. In all of the above cases, the structure of the wood is not disturbed, the natural pores remain closed, and the roof practically does not get wet. When sawing, the saw teeth break the fibers, opening air voids for moisture to penetrate. Sawn wood will absorb an order of magnitude more water and will collapse faster.
In order for a tree to split into even pieces, it must have a homogeneous structure with a straight (radial) arrangement of layers. The core part of the trunk is used; the core and sapwood are unsuitable due to their lower density. Best result obtained from the butt part: fewer knots. Mature trees with a trunk diameter of 40 cm or more are used.
Hand made elements wooden roof very labor intensive. There are a number of devices that make work easier: vices, special axes and blades, beaters, manual machines. Today when manual labor is expensive, equipment has appeared that makes it possible to mechanize a significant part of production processes. The Americans are the leaders in this area.
Service life of a “natural” roof
The service life depends on several factors: the type of rock used, harvesting and processing technology. Conifers They are cut at the end of winter, before the sap begins to flow, in frosty weather. A wooden roof made from properly prepared high-quality material, made without sawing, will last for several decades, or even a century. And, conversely, untreated sawn material from harvested immature wood will rot on the roof in a couple of years. Properly made sawn shingles can last up to a quarter of a century. Periodic wood processing protective compounds will extend the service life.
Roof made of wooden slats. The drain is hollowed out from a single trunk. Carved boards protect and decorate gable overhangs
Roofing made of piece materials
Shingles, shingles, shingles, shingles, shingles, wood chips. It is often difficult to understand the difference between these concepts from published materials.
The façade of this pub is decorated with a cedar shingle and
Installation of roofing from shingles and shingles
The roof slope should not be too low: from 18° or more to 90°. In a powerful rafter system there is no need, a wooden roof weighs little, the main load is snow. Traditionally, the roofing of residential buildings is covered in three layers, and in two layers for commercial buildings.
Three-layer styling. The nails must be positioned so that they overlap the overlying dies.
In this case, there is no need for a waterproofing under-roof layer; it will only impede ventilation. You can lay a windproofing film (membrane) on the rafters or counter batten under the sheathing. For the sheathing, it is enough to choose bars (board, obapol, poles) with a cross-section of 40x40 mm with a rafter pitch of up to 80 cm and 5x5 with a pitch of up to 120 cm. rafter legs It is recommended to treat it with a fire-retardant compound. The sheathing pitch is taken depending on the size of the dies and the number of layers. With a three-layer coating, this is 1/3 of the length of the shingle. The dies are secured with roofing nails, preferably galvanized.
Installation of wood chip roofing. The small thickness of the dies allows them to be bent freely. The edges of the sheathing are rounded
Often, in order to save money, shingles or shingles are laid in two layers, and rolled material is laid underneath. waterproofing coating. The solution is acceptable, but not the best; ventilation of the tree worsens.
Advantages of a plank roof
The plank roof is covered not with individual tiles, but with boards covering it along the entire length of the slope. Traditionally, the plank was split using wedges and trimmed with a plane. Today, sawn and machine-planed edged or unedged boards with a thickness of 19-32 mm and a width of 100-200 mm are often used. There is an expensive roofing board made from edged boards with selected grooves for better moisture drainage.
Board roof in modern design. The figured sawdust of the end serves as an additional decoration; the ridge is designed in an original way. The unit has two grooves for water drainage
Installation of plank roof
Board roofing is more limited in slope: from 18° to 45°. The sheathing is made of boards or bars, the step is arbitrary. The board is laid in two layers, the top one covering the joint of the lower boards. The first layer is laid with gaps between the boards 1/2-1/3 the width of the board. The gap covers the top row; the board is secured with galvanized roofing nails. Impregnation of boards with fire-retardant preparations will not be superfluous. During operation, it is recommended to treat a wooden roof with means for the protection and preservation of wood.
Board installation diagram. A skate can be made from two boards
Options for arranging a wooden roof country house a bunch of. You can soak the boards in hot drying oil and lay a plank roof in your dacha. Or, having quality material, plenty of time, carpentry skills and, most importantly, enthusiasm, to chop shingles or shingles yourself. Those who are not ready for the labor feat can purchase roofing manufactured in a factory. Considering the complexity of making a piece of wood roofing, it costs a lot: from 500 to 4,500 rubles, depending on the type and quality. For installation complex roof It is worth inviting professionals who have experience in the manufacture of wooden roofs.
Rows on slopes, where moisture is retained the most and the roof quickly deteriorates.
Chips (shavings) are made from pine, spruce, aspen and are plates up to 50 cm long, 60 to 120 mm wide, 2-3 mm thick.
For the production of wood chips, the simplest lever- or wheel-type machines are used. First, the wood is sawn into pieces () of the required length, then they are split into two or parts, inserted into, secured and planed. Most often, a knife does not cut wood in the direction of the fibers, but cuts them. If you take a chip and bend it, then individual wood plates will rise on it - the so-called “spins”. When covering, the chips should be laid with the pins down, i.e., in the direction of the roof slope, thereby ensuring the free flow of water. If you lay chips with pins, it will linger under it and it will rot faster. The chips are attached to the sheathing with so-called shingles or chip nails 50 mm long and 1.5-1.7 mm thick.
On average, 100 pieces are required per 1 m2 of roofing with a three-layer coating. wood chips, 110 g nails; with a four-layer coating - 120-140 wood chips, 150 g nails.
It should be noted that the roof made of wood chips can also be five-layer.
The lathing for wood chips is made from straight, sanded poles with a thickness of 50 to 70 mm. They are placed along axes 160 mm from each other. With a four-layer coating, the poles can be 23 cm apart. Individual unevenness of the poles (on the front side) should be trimmed off.
On slopes, instead of poles, it is recommended to nail one or boards with a total width: for a three-layer coating - 35 cm, for a four-layer coating - 40 cm. The width of the outermost one should be 10-25 cm. If one is placed, then two thin poles should be added to it. It is best to sharpen the board from the front side and paint it two or three times with oil paint or cover it with hot bitumen (so that when water flows through the chips, it does not fall on, but flows down the board).
Considering that wood chips deteriorate faster on slopes, it is recommended to cover one row rather than the entire roof. For example, with a three-layer coating, it is made of four, with a four-layer coating, it is made of five layers, etc.
The boards on the descent should be laid so that when wood chips are laid on them in three layers, the wood chips will be at the same level with the sheathing pole laid on the boards, to which a row of wood chips is attached. With a four-layer coating, the chips should also be flush with the sheathing pole. This is necessary so that the additional shingles of the second row that are laid on the descent fit tightly to the previously laid one. boards, poles and wood chips for - and four-layer roofing are shown in Figure 1, A.
Cover in three layers. In this case, the first row going down the slope should be made of shortened chips (35 cm long). Then this row is covered with an additional layer of wood chips laid on the second row. The lower ends of all layers of shingles must be at the same level and extend 40 mm above the nailed formwork or pole (board). To do this, at a distance of 40 mm from the lowering board (lathing), a side board is temporarily attached, against which the ends of the first row of chips will rest, allowing for a smooth roof. When laying three layers of the first row, each chip is nailed to the lath or board. The first layer is laid from right to left, the second from left to right, the third from right to left and the fourth from left to right. In this case, each chip must necessarily overlap the edges of the previous one by 25-30 mm.
It is recommended to use chips at a slight angle (15-25°) in relation to the board or lathing. To do this, one of the sides of the first chip is raised with linings onto the desired one and secured with nails. Then a second one is placed on the first chip (covering 25-30 mm), with pads they give it the desired angle, nail it, etc. () the first row is laid from chips of normal length; the layer will lie on the lathing, to which the second three-layer row of chips is attached.
A three-layer laying of wood chips is shown in Figure 1, B. The second row of wood chips is laid in three layers, so that it overlaps the row by % of its length (in our figure by 150 mm).
Subsequent rows should also overlap the underlying ones by 150 mm.
The ridge row is made of wood chips 35 cm long. Covered in four layers. With a four-layer coating, the first row is laid from chips 40 cm long. The layer is laid in the same order as in the previous case. The fifth layer is made from chips of normal length. Each laid row should overlap the previous one by 3/4 of its length.
The ridge row is covered with wood chips of the same length as the first row.
Covering the grooves (Fig. 1, B). Here, you should remember that in the valleys the slope becomes gentle, so additional ones are needed between the main battens.
The wood chips are fanned out and nailed with two nails. The number of layers on the gutter is the same as on the entire roof, but there may be a layer more.
Skate cover. The roof made of wood chips, extended to the very ridge, is covered with a wooden gutter, knocked down at a certain angle. It's done like this. Take two boards 18-20 cm wide and 25 mm thick, plan them from the front side and, if necessary, remove them from one of them in such a way that, when fastening the boards, you get the angle necessary to cover the ridge. The knocked down one is placed on wood chips and nailed with nails 90-100 mm long. Then it is painted over two or three times with oil paint or heated bitumen.
Lining of chimneys and dormer windows. Galvanized steel roofing is usually used for lining. there is none, you can also use black, pre-painted two or three times on both sides with oil paint. This work is carried out in the same way as when covering a roof made of flat asbestos-cement tiles and corrugated sheets.
Chip roof maintenance. With the onset of spring, sweep away the roof with a broom in the direction from the ridge to the slope. All noticed defects are corrected, and special attention is paid to the slopes.
Rice. 1. Roofing made of wood chips:
A – coating methods; B – order of laying chips; B – groove covering.
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Wood chip roofing
A properly installed wood chip roof can last over 40 years. The steeper the slope, the longer the chips last, and vice versa (the slope of the rafters under the chips ranges from 28 to 45°). The number of layers of chips being laid also plays a significant role.
A laid roof made of wood chips requires almost no maintenance, except that from time to time you have to correct the rows on the slopes, where moisture is most retained and the roof quickly becomes unusable.
Chips (shavings) are made from pine, spruce, and aspen in the form of plates up to 500 mm long, 60 to 120 mm wide, and 2-3 mm thick.
For the production of wood chips, the simplest lever- or wheel-type machines are used. First, the wood is sawn into pieces (logs) of the required length, then they are split into two or four parts, inserted into the machine, secured and planed. Most often, a knife does not cut wood in the direction of the fibers, but cuts them. If you take a chip and bend it, then individual wood plates will rise on it - the so-called “spins”. When covering, the chips should be laid with the pins down, i.e., in the direction of the roof slope, thereby ensuring the free flow of water. If the wood chips are laid with the pins facing up, the water will linger under it and it will rot faster. The chips are attached to the sheathing with so-called shingled, or chip, nails 50 mm long and 1.5-1.7 mm thick.
On average, 100 pieces are required per 1 m 2 of roofing with a three-layer coating. wood chips, 110 g nails; with a four-layer coating - 120-140 pcs. wood chips, 150 g of nails.
It should be noted that the roof made of wood chips can also be five-layer.
The lathing for wood chips is made from dry, straight, sanded poles with a thickness of 50-70 mm. They are placed along the axes 160 mm apart from each other. With a four-layer coating, the poles can be spaced at intervals of 230 mm. Individual unevenness of the poles (on the front side) should be trimmed.
On slopes, instead of poles, it is recommended to nail one or more boards with a total width: for a three-layer coating - 350 mm, for a four-layer coating - 400 mm. The width of the outermost board should be 100-250 mm. If you lay one board, then two thin poles should be added to it. It is best to sharpen the board from the front side and paint it 2-3 times with oil paint or cover it with hot bitumen (so that when water flows through the chips, it does not fall on the walls, but flows down the board).
Considering that wood chips deteriorate faster on slopes, it is recommended to cover this area one row more than the entire roof. For example, with a three-layer coating, the descent is made of four, with a four-layer coating - of five layers, etc.
The boards on the descent must be laid so that when wood chips are laid on them in three layers, the wood chips will be at the same level with the sheathing pole laid above the boards, to which the second row of wood chips is attached. With a four-layer coating, the chips should also be flush with the sheathing pole. This is necessary so that the additional shingles of the second row that are laid on the descent fit tightly to the previously laid one. The arrangement of boards, poles and chips for a three- and four-layer roof covering is shown in Figure 159.
A three-layer coating is done like this. For the first row going down the slope, shortened chips 350 mm long are used. This row is then covered with a layer of wood chips laid on the second row. The lower ends of all four layers of shingles must be at the same level and overlap or overhang 40 mm above the nailed formwork or pole (board). To do this, at a distance of 40 mm from the sheathing board, a side board is temporarily attached, against which the ends of the first row of chips will rest, making it possible to obtain an even roof overhang. When laying three layers of the first row, each chip is nailed to the lath or board. The first layer is laid from right to left, the second from left to right, the third from right to left and the fourth from left to right. In this case, each chip must overlap the edges of the previous one by 25-30 mm.
It is recommended to place the chips at a slight angle (15-25°) in relation to the board or lathing. To do this, one of the sides of the first chips is raised with pads to the desired angle and secured with nails. Then a second one is placed on the first chip (covering 25-30 mm), with pads they give it the desired angle, nail it, etc. The last (fourth) layer of the first row is laid from chips of normal length; this layer will lie on the lathing, to which the second three-layer row of chips will be attached.
A three-layer laying of wood chips is shown in Figure 159, a.
The second row of wood chips is laid in three layers, so that it overlaps the previous row by 2/3 of its length (150 mm in the figure). Subsequent rows should also overlap the underlying ones by 150 mm.
The ridge row is made of wood chips 350 mm long.
With a four-layer coating, the first row is laid from chips 400 mm long. Lay the layer in the same order as in the previous case. The fifth layer is made from chips of normal length. Each laid row should overlap the previous one by 3/4 of its length.
The ridge row is covered with wood chips of the same length as the first row.
When covering valleys (Fig. 159,e), first of all, you should remember that in the valleys the slope becomes gentle, so it is necessary to lay additional battens between the main battens.
The wood chips are fanned out and nailed with two nails. The number of layers on the gutter is the same as on the entire roof, but there may be one layer more.
When covering the ridge, the roof made of wood chips, brought to the very ridge, is covered on top with a wooden gutter, knocked down at a certain angle. They do it like this. Take two boards 180-200 mm wide and 25 mm thick, plan them on the front side and, if necessary, remove an edge from one of them in such a way that, when fastening the boards, you get the angle necessary to cover the ridge. The knocked down gutter is placed on wood chips and nailed with nails 90-100 mm long. Then it is painted over 2-3 times with oil paint or heated bitumen.
Galvanized roofing steel is usually used for lining chimneys and dormer windows. If it is not there, you can also use black, pre-painted 2-3 times on both sides with oil paint. This work is carried out in the same way as when covering a roof made of flat asbestos-cement tiles and corrugated sheets.
Caring for a wood chip roof is as follows. With the onset of spring, snow from the roof is swept away with a broom in the direction from the ridge to the slope. All noticed defects are corrected, and special attention is paid to the slopes.