Scientists are worried about the shift in the magnetic pole of our planet. The magnetic pole is moving from North America towards Siberia at such a rate that Alaska could lose its Northern Lights within the next 50 years. At the same time, it will be possible to see the Northern Lights in some areas of Europe.
The Earth's magnetic poles are part of its magnetic field, which is created by the planetary core, which is made of molten iron. Scientists have long known that these poles move and, in rare cases, change places. But the exact reasons for the phenomenon still remain a mystery.
The movement of the magnetic pole may be a consequence of the oscillation process, and eventually the pole will move back towards Canada. This is one of the points of view. Previous studies have shown that over the past 150 years, the strength of the Earth's magnetic field has decreased by 10 percent. During this period, the magnetic north pole moved 685 miles in the Arctic. Over the past century, the rate of movement of the magnetic poles has increased compared to the previous four centuries.
The magnetic north pole was first discovered in 1831. In 1904, when scientists took measurements again, it was discovered that the pole had moved 31 miles. The compass needle points to the magnetic pole, not the geographic pole. The study showed that over the last thousand years, the magnetic pole has moved significant distances from Canada to Siberia, but sometimes in other directions.
The Earth's magnetic north pole does not sit still. However, like the south. The northern one “wandered” around Arctic Canada for a long time, but since the 70s of the last century its movement has acquired a clear direction. With an increasing speed, now reaching 46 km per year, the pole is rushing almost in a straight line into the Russian Arctic. According to the Canadian Geomagnetic Survey, by 2050 it will be located in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.
Based on these data, employees of the Institute of Geosphere Dynamics modeled a global restructuring of the structure and dynamics of the Earth's upper atmosphere. Physicists were able to establish a very important fact - the movement of the North Magnetic Pole affects the state of the Earth's atmosphere. A pole shift can have serious consequences. This is confirmed by a comparison of calculated data with observational data over the past 100 years.
Following the neutral atmosphere of the Earth, at an altitude of 100 to 1000 kilometers, there is an ionosphere filled with charged particles. Charged particles move horizontally throughout the sphere, penetrating it with currents. But the intensity of the currents is not the same. From the layers lying above the ionosphere - namely from the plasmasphere and magnetosphere - there is a constant precipitation (as physicists say) of charged particles. This happens unevenly, but in a section of the upper boundary of the ionosphere, shaped like an oval. There are two of these ovals, they cover the North and South magnetic poles of the Earth. And it is here, where the concentration of charged particles is especially high, that the strongest currents flow in the ionosphere, measured in hundreds of kiloamperes.
Along with the movement of the magnetic pole, this oval also moves. Calculations by physicists have shown that with the north magnetic pole shifting, the most powerful currents will flow over Eastern Siberia. And during magnetic storms they will shift to almost 40 degrees north latitude. In the evenings, the electron concentration over the south of Eastern Siberia will be an order of magnitude higher than the current one.
From a school physics course we know that electric current heats the conductor through which it flows. In this case, the movement of charges will heat the ionosphere. Particles will penetrate into the neutral atmosphere, this will affect the wind system at an altitude of 200-400 km, and therefore the climate as a whole. The displacement of the magnetic pole will also affect the operation of equipment. For example, in mid-latitudes during the summer months it will be impossible to use shortwave radio communications. The operation of satellite navigation systems will also be disrupted, since they use ionospheric models that will not be applicable in the new conditions. Geophysicists also warn that induced currents in Russian power lines and grids will increase as the magnetic north pole approaches.
However, all this may not happen. The north magnetic pole can change direction or stop at any moment, and this cannot be foreseen. And for the South Pole there is no forecast at all for 2050. Until 1986, he moved very vigorously, but then his speed dropped.
Another threat looms over humanity - a change in the Earth's magnetic poles. Although this problem is not new, magnetic pole shifts have been recorded since 1885. The Earth changes poles every million years. Over 160 million years, the displacement occurred about 100 times. It is believed that the last such cataclysm occurred 780 thousand years ago.
The behavior of the Earth's magnetic field is explained by the flow of liquid metals - iron and nickel - at the boundary of the earth's core with the mantle. Although the exact reasons for the change of magnetic poles still remain a mystery, geophysicists warn that this phenomenon can bring death to all life on our planet. If, as some hypotheses state, during a polar reversal the Earth’s magnetosphere disappears for some time, a stream of cosmic rays will fall on the Earth, which can pose a real danger to the inhabitants of the planet. By the way, the Great Flood, the disappearance of Atlantis, and the death of dinosaurs and mammoths are associated with pole shifts in the past.
The magnetic field plays a very important role in the life of the planet: on the one hand, it protects the planet from the flow of charged particles flying from the Sun and from the depths of space, and on the other, it serves as a kind of road sign for living beings migrating annually. The exact scenario of what would happen if this field disappeared is not known. It can be assumed that a change in poles could result in accidents on high-voltage lines, malfunctions of satellites, and problems for astronauts. The polarity reversal will cause ozone holes to widen significantly and the northern lights will appear above the equator. In addition, the “natural compass” of migrating fish and animals may malfunction.
Research by scientists concerning the issue of magnetic inversions in the history of our planet is based on the study of grains of ferromagnetic materials that retain magnetization for millions of years, starting from the moment when the rock ceased to be fiery lava. After all, the magnetic field is the only field known in physics that has a memory: at the moment when the rock cooled below the Curie point - the temperature at which magnetic order is achieved, it became magnetized under the influence of the Earth's field and forever imprinted its configuration at that moment.
Scientists have come to the conclusion that rocks are capable of preserving the memory of magnetic emanations (outflows) that accompany any event in the life of the planet. Such an essentially elementary approach allows us to draw a very important conclusion for earthly civilization about the consequences of the expected inversion of the geomagnetic field. Research by paleomagnetologists has made it possible to trace the history of changes in the Earth's field over 3.5 billion years and construct a kind of reversal calendar. It shows that they occur quite regularly, 3-8 times per million years, but the last one happened on Earth as much as 780 thousand years ago, and such a deep delay in the next event is very alarming.
You probably think that this is just an unsubstantiated hypothesis? But how can one not notice the fleeting inversion of the Earth’s magnetic field? The subsolar side of the magnetosphere, which is restrained by the ropes of magnetic field lines frozen into the proton-electron near-Earth plasma, will lose its former elasticity, and a stream of deadly solar and galactic radiation will rush to the Earth. There’s no way this won’t go unnoticed.
Let's look at the facts.
And the facts indicate that throughout the history of the Earth, the geomagnetic field has repeatedly changed its polarity. There were periods when reversals occurred several times per million years, and there were periods of long calm when the magnetic field retained its polarity for tens of millions of years. According to the results of scientists' research, the frequency of inversions in the Jurassic period and in the Middle Cambrian was one inversion every 200-250 thousand years. However, the last inversion took place on the planet 780 thousand years ago. From this we can draw a cautious conclusion that another inversion should occur in the near future. Several considerations lead to this conclusion. Paleomagnetism data indicate that the time during which the Earth's magnetic poles change places during the inversion process is not very long. The lower estimate is one hundred years, the upper estimate is eight thousand years.
A mandatory sign of the onset of inversion is a decrease in the geomagnetic field strength, which decreases tens of times compared to the norm. Moreover, his tension can drop to zero, and this state can last for quite a long time, decades, if not more. Another sign of inversion is a change in the configuration of the geomagnetic field, which becomes sharply different from the dipole one. Are these signs present now? It seems so. The behavior of the Earth's magnetic field in relatively recent times is helped by data from archaeomagnetic studies. Their subject is the residual magnetization of shards of ancient ceramic vessels: magnetite particles in baked clay fix the magnetic field while the ceramics are cooling.
These data indicate that over the past 2.5 thousand years, the geomagnetic field intensity has been decreasing. At the same time, observations of the geomagnetic field at the global network of observatories indicate an accelerated decline in its intensity in recent decades.
Another interesting fact is the change in the speed of movement of the Earth's magnetic pole. Its movement reflects processes in the outer core of the planet and in near-Earth space. However, if magnetic storms in the magnetosphere and ionosphere of the Earth cause only relatively small jumps in the position of the pole, then deep factors are responsible for its slow but constant displacement.
Since its discovery by D. Ross in 1931, the North Magnetic Pole has been moving at a speed of 10 km per year in a northwesterly direction for half a century. However, in the 80s, the displacement rate increased several times, reaching an absolute maximum of about 40 km/year by the beginning of the 21st century: by the middle of this century it could leave Canada and end up off the coast of Siberia. The sharp increase in the speed of movement of the magnetic pole reflects the restructuring of the system of current flows in the outer core, which is believed to create a geomagnetic field.
As you know, to prove a scientific position, you need thousands of facts, but to refute it, just one is enough. The arguments presented above in favor of inversion only suggested the possibility of an impending doomsday. The strongest indication that the reversal has already begun comes from recent observations from the European Space Agency's Ørsted and Magsat satellites.
Their interpretation showed that the magnetic field lines on the outer core of the Earth in the South Atlantic region are located in the direction opposite to what they should be in the normal state of the field. But the most interesting thing is that the anomalies of the field lines are very similar to the data from computer modeling of the geomagnetic inversion process performed by Californian scientists Harry Glatzmeier and Paul Roberts, who created the most popular model of terrestrial magnetism today.
So, here are four facts that indicate an approaching or already begun geomagnetic field reversal:
1. A decrease in geomagnetic field strength over the past 2.5 thousand years;
2. Acceleration of the decline in field strength in recent decades;
3. Sharp acceleration of the magnetic pole displacement;
4. Features of the distribution of magnetic field lines, which becomes similar to the picture corresponding to the stage of inversion preparation.
There is a wide debate about the possible consequences of the change in geomagnetic poles. There are a variety of points of view - from quite optimistic to extremely alarming. Optimists point to the fact that hundreds of reversals have occurred in Earth's geological history, but mass extinctions and natural disasters have not been linked to these events. In addition, the biosphere has significant adaptability, and the inversion process can last quite a long time, so there is more than enough time to prepare for the changes.
The opposite point of view does not exclude the possibility that an inversion may occur within the lifetime of the next generations and will prove to be a disaster for human civilization. It must be said that this point of view is largely compromised by a large number of unscientific and simply anti-scientific statements. As an example, it is believed that during the inversion, human brains will experience a reboot, similar to what happens with computers, and the information contained in them will be completely erased. Despite such statements, the optimistic point of view is very superficial.
The modern world is far from what it was hundreds of thousands of years ago: man has created many problems that have made this world fragile, easily vulnerable and extremely unstable. There is reason to believe that the consequences of the inversion will indeed be truly catastrophic for world civilization. And the complete loss of functionality of the World Wide Web due to the destruction of radio communication systems (and this will certainly occur at the time of the loss of radiation belts) is just one example of a global catastrophe. In fact, with the upcoming inversion of the geomagnetic field, we must experience a transition to a new space.
An interesting aspect of the impact of geomagnetic inversion on our planet, associated with a change in the configuration of the magnetosphere, is considered in his recent works by Professor V.P. Shcherbakov from the Borok Geophysical Observatory. In the normal state, due to the fact that the axis of the geomagnetic dipole is oriented approximately along the Earth's rotation axis, the magnetosphere serves as an effective screen for high-energy flows of charged particles moving from the Sun.
During an inversion, it is quite possible that a funnel will form in the frontal subsolar part of the magnetosphere in the region of low latitudes, through which solar plasma can reach the Earth’s surface. Due to the rotation of the Earth in each specific place of low and partly moderate latitudes, this situation will repeat every day for several hours. That is, a significant part of the planet’s surface will experience a strong radiation impact every 24 hours.
Thus, there are quite good reasons to pay close attention to the expected soon (and already gaining momentum) inversion and what dangers it may pose to humanity and each of its individual representatives, and in the future to develop a protection system that reduces their negative consequences.
“Our universal mother Earth is a big magnet!” - said the English physicist and doctor William Gilbert, who lived in the 16th century. More than four hundred years ago, he made the correct conclusion that the Earth is a spherical magnet and its magnetic poles are the points where the magnetic needle is oriented vertically. But Gilbert was wrong in believing that the Earth's magnetic poles coincide with its geographic poles. They don't match. Moreover, if the positions of the geographic poles are unchanged, then the positions of the magnetic poles change over time.
1831: First determination of the coordinates of the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere
In the first half of the 19th century, the first searches for magnetic poles were undertaken based on direct measurements of magnetic inclination on the ground. (Magnetic inclination is the angle by which the compass needle is deflected under the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field in the vertical plane. - Note ed.)
The English navigator John Ross (1777–1856) sailed in May 1829 on the small steamer Victoria from the coast of England, heading for the Arctic coast of Canada. Like many daredevils before him, Ross hoped to find a northwest sea route from Europe to East Asia. But in October 1830, ice trapped the Victoria at the eastern tip of the peninsula, which Ross named Boothia Land (in honor of the expedition's sponsor, Felix Booth).
Trapped in the ice off the coast of Butia Earth, the Victoria was forced to stay here for the winter. The mate on this expedition was John Ross's young nephew, James Clark Ross (1800–1862). At that time, it had already become common practice to take with you on such trips all the necessary instruments for magnetic observations, and James took advantage of this. During the long winter months, he walked along the coast of Butia with a magnetometer and made magnetic observations.
He understood that the magnetic pole must be somewhere nearby - after all, the magnetic needle invariably showed very large inclinations. By plotting the measured values on a map, James Clark Ross soon realized where to look for this unique point with the vertical direction of the magnetic field. In the spring of 1831, he, along with several members of the Victoria crew, walked 200 km towards the western coast of Butia and on June 1, 1831 at Cape Adelaide with coordinates 70°05′ N. w. and 96°47′W. D. found that the magnetic inclination was 89°59′. This is how the coordinates of the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere were determined for the first time - in other words, the coordinates of the South Magnetic Pole.
1841: First determination of the coordinates of the magnetic pole in the Southern Hemisphere
In 1840, the grown-up James Clark Ross set out on the ships Erebus and Terror on his famous voyage to the magnetic pole in the Southern Hemisphere. On December 27, Ross's ships first encountered icebergs and already on New Year's Eve 1841 crossed the Antarctic Circle. Very soon, Erebus and Terror found themselves in front of the pack ice that stretched from edge to edge of the horizon. On January 5, Ross made the bold decision to go forward, straight onto the ice, and go as deep as possible. And after just a few hours of such an assault, the ships unexpectedly emerged into a more ice-free space: the pack ice was replaced by individual ice floes scattered here and there.
On the morning of January 9, Ross unexpectedly discovered an ice-free sea ahead of him! This was his first discovery on this journey: he discovered the sea, which was later called by his own name - the Ross Sea. To the right of the course there was mountainous, snow-covered land, which forced Ross's ships to sail south and which, it seemed, was not going to end. Sailing along the coast, Ross, of course, did not miss the opportunity to discover the southernmost lands for the glory of the British kingdom; This is how Queen Victoria Land was discovered. At the same time, he was worried that on the way to the magnetic pole the coast could become an insurmountable obstacle.
Meanwhile, the behavior of the compass became more and more strange. Ross, who had extensive experience in magnetometric measurements, understood that no more than 800 km remained to the magnetic pole. No one had ever come so close to him before. It soon became clear that Ross’s fears were not in vain: the magnetic pole was clearly somewhere to the right, and the coast stubbornly directed the ships further and further south.
As long as the path was open, Ross did not give up. It was important for him to collect at least as much magnetometric data as possible at different points on the coast of Victoria Land. On January 28, the expedition received the most amazing surprise of the entire trip: a huge awakened volcano grew on the horizon. Above him hung a dark cloud of smoke, colored by fire, which erupted from the vent in a column. Ross gave the name Erebus to this volcano, and gave the name Terror to the neighboring one, which was extinct and somewhat smaller.
Ross tried to go even further south, but very soon a completely unimaginable picture appeared before his eyes: along the entire horizon, as far as the eye could see, stretched a white stripe, which became higher and higher as it approached! As the ships came closer, it became clear that in front of them to the right and left was a huge endless ice wall 50 meters high, completely flat on top, without any cracks on the side facing the sea. This was the edge of the ice shelf that now bears the name Ross.
In mid-February 1841, after a 300-kilometer voyage along the ice wall, Ross decided to stop further attempts to find a loophole. From that moment on, there was only the road home ahead.
Ross's expedition cannot be considered a failure. After all, he was able to measure the magnetic inclination at many points around the coast of Victoria Land and thereby establish the position of the magnetic pole with high accuracy. Ross indicated the following coordinates of the magnetic pole: 75°05′ S. latitude, 154°08′ e. d. The minimum distance separating the ships of his expedition from this point was only 250 km. It is Ross's measurements that should be considered the first reliable determination of the coordinates of the magnetic pole in Antarctica (North Magnetic Pole).
Coordinates of the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere in 1904
73 years have passed since James Ross determined the coordinates of the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere, and now the famous Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen (1872–1928) has undertaken a search for the magnetic pole in this hemisphere. However, the search for the magnetic pole was not the only goal of Amundsen's expedition. The main goal was to open the northwest sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. And he achieved this goal - in 1903–1906 he sailed from Oslo, past the shores of Greenland and Northern Canada to Alaska on the small fishing vessel Gjoa.
Amundsen subsequently wrote: “I wanted my childhood dream of a northwest sea route to be combined in this expedition with another, much more important scientific goal: finding the current location of the magnetic pole.”
He approached this scientific task with all seriousness and carefully prepared for its implementation: he studied the theory of geomagnetism from leading specialists in Germany; I also purchased magnetometric instruments there. Practicing working with them, Amundsen traveled all over Norway in the summer of 1902.
By the beginning of the first winter of his journey, in 1903, Amundsen reached King William Island, which was very close to the magnetic pole. The magnetic inclination here was 89°24′.
Deciding to spend the winter on the island, Amundsen simultaneously created a real geomagnetic observatory here, which carried out continuous observations for many months.
The spring of 1904 was devoted to observations “in the field” in order to determine the coordinates of the pole as accurately as possible. Amundsen was successful and discovered that the position of the magnetic pole had shifted noticeably to the north relative to the point at which the expedition of James Ross found it. It turned out that from 1831 to 1904 the magnetic pole moved 46 km to the north.
Looking ahead, we note that there is evidence that during this 73-year period the magnetic pole did not just move slightly to the north, but rather described a small loop. Around 1850, it first stopped moving from northwest to southeast and only then began a new journey to the north, which continues today.
Drift of the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere from 1831 to 1994
The next time the location of the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere was determined was in 1948. A months-long expedition to the Canadian fjords was not needed: after all, the place could now be reached in just a few hours - by air. This time, the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere was discovered on the shores of Lake Allen on Prince of Wales Island. The maximum inclination here was 89°56′. It turned out that since the time of Amundsen, that is, since 1904, the pole has “moved” to the north by as much as 400 km.
Since then, the exact location of the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere (South Magnetic Pole) has been determined regularly by Canadian magnetologists at intervals of about 10 years. Subsequent expeditions took place in 1962, 1973, 1984, 1994.
Not far from the location of the magnetic pole in 1962, on Cornwallis Island, in the town of Resolute Bay (74°42′ N, 94°54′ W), a geomagnetic observatory was built. Nowadays, traveling to the South Magnetic Pole is just a fairly short helicopter ride from Resolute Bay. It is not surprising that with the development of communications in the 20th century, tourists began to visit this remote town in northern Canada more and more often.
Let us pay attention to the fact that when speaking about the magnetic poles of the Earth, we are actually talking about certain averaged points. Since the time of Amundsen's expedition, it has become clear that even over the course of one day, the magnetic pole does not stand still, but makes small “walks” around a certain midpoint.
The reason for such movements, of course, is the Sun. Streams of charged particles from our star (solar wind) enter the Earth's magnetosphere and generate electric currents in the Earth's ionosphere. These, in turn, generate secondary magnetic fields that disturb the geomagnetic field. As a result of these disturbances, the magnetic poles are forced to take their daily walks. Their amplitude and speed naturally depend on the strength of the disturbances.
The route of such walks is close to an ellipse, with the pole in the Northern Hemisphere traversing clockwise, and in the Southern Hemisphere counterclockwise. The latter, even on days of magnetic storms, moves no more than 30 km from the midpoint. The pole in the Northern Hemisphere on such days can move away from the midpoint by 60–70 km. On calm days, the sizes of daily ellipses for both poles are significantly reduced.
Magnetic pole drift in the Southern Hemisphere from 1841 to 2000
It should be noted that historically, the situation with measuring the coordinates of the magnetic pole in the Southern Hemisphere (North Magnetic Pole) has always been quite difficult. Its inaccessibility is largely to blame. If you can get from Resolute Bay to the magnetic pole in the Northern Hemisphere by small airplane or helicopter in a few hours, then from the southern tip of New Zealand to the coast of Antarctica you need to fly more than 2000 km over the ocean. And after that it is necessary to conduct research in the difficult conditions of the ice continent. To properly appreciate the inaccessibility of the North Magnetic Pole, let’s go back to the very beginning of the 20th century.
For quite a long time after James Ross, no one dared to go deep into Victoria Land in search of the North Magnetic Pole. The first to do this were members of the expedition of the English polar explorer Ernest Henry Shackleton (1874–1922) during his voyage in 1907–1909 on the old whaling ship Nimrod.
On January 16, 1908, the ship entered the Ross Sea. Too thick pack ice off the coast of Victoria Land for a long time made it impossible to find an approach to the shore. Only on February 12 was it possible to transfer the necessary things and magnetometric equipment to the shore, after which the Nimrod headed back to New Zealand.
It took the polar explorers who remained on the shore several weeks to build more or less acceptable housing. Fifteen brave souls learned to eat, sleep, communicate, work and generally live in incredibly difficult conditions. There was a long polar winter ahead. Throughout the winter (in the Southern Hemisphere it comes at the same time as our summer), members of the expedition were engaged in scientific research: meteorology, geology, measuring atmospheric electricity, studying the sea through cracks in the ice and the ice itself. Of course, by spring the people were already quite exhausted, although the main goals of the expedition were still ahead.
On October 29, 1908, one group, led by Shackleton himself, set out on a planned expedition to the Geographic South Pole. True, the expedition was never able to reach it. On January 9, 1909, just 180 km from the South Geographic Pole, in order to save hungry and exhausted people, Shackleton decides to leave the expedition flag here and turn the group back.
A second group of polar explorers, led by the Australian geologist Edgeworth David (1858–1934), independently of Shackleton's group, set off on a journey to the magnetic pole. There were three of them: David, Mawson and Mackay. Unlike the first group, they had no experience of polar exploration. Having left on September 25, they were already behind schedule by the beginning of November and, due to overconsumption of food, were forced to go on strict rations. Antarctica taught them harsh lessons. Hungry and exhausted, they fell into almost every crevice in the ice.
On December 11, Mawson almost died. He fell into one of the countless crevasses, and only a reliable rope saved the researcher’s life. A few days later, a 300-kilogram sled fell into a crevasse, almost dragging down three people, exhausted from hunger. By December 24, the health of the polar explorers had seriously deteriorated; they suffered simultaneously from frostbite and sunburn; McKay also developed snow blindness.
But on January 15, 1909, they still achieved their goal. Mawson's compass showed a deviation of the magnetic field from the vertical of only 15′. Leaving almost all their luggage in place, they reached the magnetic pole in one throw of 40 km. The magnetic pole in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth (North Magnetic Pole) has been conquered. After hoisting the British flag at the pole and taking photographs, the travelers shouted “Hurrah!” three times. King Edward VII and declared this land the property of the British crown.
Now they had only one thing to do - stay alive. According to the calculations of the polar explorers, in order to keep up with the departure of Nimrod on February 1, they had to travel 17 miles a day. But they were still four days late. Fortunately, Nimrod himself was delayed. So soon the three intrepid explorers were enjoying a hot dinner on board the ship.
So, David, Mawson and Mackay were the first people to set foot on the magnetic pole in the Southern Hemisphere, which on that day was located at coordinates 72°25′S. latitude, 155°16′ e. (300 km from the point measured at one time by Ross).
It is clear that there was no talk of any serious measuring work here. The vertical inclination of the field was recorded only once, and this served as a signal not for further measurements, but only for a speedy return to the shore, where the warm cabins of the Nimrod awaited the expedition. Such work to determine the coordinates of the magnetic pole cannot even be closely compared with the work of geophysicists in Arctic Canada, who spend several days conducting magnetic surveys from several points surrounding the pole.
However, the last expedition (2000 expedition) was carried out at a fairly high level. Since the North Magnetic Pole had long since left the continent and was in the ocean, this expedition was carried out on a specially equipped vessel.
Measurements showed that in December 2000, the North Magnetic Pole was opposite the coast of Terre Adelie at coordinates 64°40′ S. w. and 138°07′ E. d.
Fragment from the book: Tarasov L.V. Terrestrial magnetism. - Dolgoprudny: Publishing House "Intelligence", 2012.
Let's start with our planet, which in the past was called by other beautiful names: Gaia, Gaia, Terra (third from the Sun), Midgard-Earth. The sun in Ancient Rus' was called “Ra”, so in the Russian language there are many words with the root “ra”: hurray, joy, rainbow, dawn, Ra-seya.
Shift of the Earth's magnetic poles
What are the Earth's magnetic poles? These are certain points on Earth where the geomagnetic region is vertical (perpendicular) to the planet's ellipsoid. These southern and northern positions are called the Earth's poles and are opposite each other. If you draw a conventional line between the poles, it will not pass through the center of the planet.
Observations of the poles have shown that they migrate all the time. James Clark Ross in 1831 in Northern Canada determined the location of the North Pole. At that time, the pole moved northwest and north at about 5 km per year. So when you look at a compass pointing north, that direction is approximate.
The location of the Earth's North Pole has been monitored for 450 years (you can see this on maps of the Earth). By analyzing the drift of the North Pole, you can see that it never stood still. But, if we compare the speed of his movement, we can say that what he did before the 1990s can be called flowers in comparison with his acceleration today, at the turn of the century. Around 1999, many stations in Europe recorded signs of a fresh geomagnetic shock. And these tremors began to repeat every 10 years in the last third of the twentieth century.
Both poles made the greatest progress in the twentieth century. And at the border of the 20th and 21st centuries, their behavior became even more interesting. Southern Magnetic Earth's pole to this day, the drift speed has decreased - 4-5 km annually, and the northern one has accelerated so much that geophysicists are at a loss: what is this for? Until 1971, it shifted evenly at an approximate rate of 9 km annually, then the rate of change began to increase. By the early 1990s, he began to walk more than 15 km a year.
Many geophysicists associate this acceleration with a geomagnetic shock that occurred in 1969-1970. A geomagnetic shock is a sharp change in some parameters of the planet’s magnetic field. One of the most powerful geomagnetic shocks occurred in 1969-1970 at most magnetic stations in the world, which were in no way connected with each other. Tremors were also recorded in 1901, 1925, 1913, 1978, 1991 and 1992. Today, the speed of movement of the Earth's North Pole exceeds 55 km/year, and this phenomenon requires careful study and is a mystery to geophysicists. If this continues at the same pace and course, then in 50 years he will end up in Siberia. These predictions will not necessarily come true: a geomagnetic shock can change this speed, or direct the movement of the pole somewhere else. Now the north magnetic pole is located in Arctic waters.
Displacement of the axis of planet Earth
The largest earthquake in Japan contributed to a shift of the Earth's axis, around which our planet is balanced in mass, by 17 cm and to a decrease in the length of the day on Earth by 1.8 microseconds. These figures were announced by Richard Gross, a specialist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory operating in Pasadena (California).
There is a lot of historical data that confirms the shift of the axis of rotation. The tilt of the planet to the plane of its rotation around the Sun occurred more than once. The Scripture says: “The earth shook and shook, the foundations of the mountains moved and trembled... He bowed the heavens.”
For some time, the Earth's rotation axis was directed towards the Sun, one side of the planet was illuminated, but the other was not. During the time of the Chinese Emperor Yao, a miracle happened: “The sun did not move for 10 days; forests caught fire, a huge number of harmful and dangerous creatures appeared.” In India, the Sun was observed for 10 days. In Iran, a day was nine days long. In Egypt, daylight did not end for seven days, then a 7-day night came. At the same time it was night on the far side of the Earth. In the writings of Ancient Rus' there is a mention of this period of time: “When the Lord said to Moses: “Take my people out of Egypt along with their property..., and God turned seven nights into one night.”
The records of the Indians of Peru say that far in the past the Sun did not rise in the sky for a very long time: “for five days and five nights there was no sun in the sky, and the ocean rebelled and overflowed its banks, falling onto the land with a roar. The whole earth changed in this catastrophe."
The legends of the Indians of the New World say: “This fatal catastrophe lasted for five days, the sun did not rise, the earth was in darkness.”
The Earth's rotation axis has shifted before, but without catastrophic events, during minor geological changes. The last ice age ended about 11 thousand years ago, and huge masses of ice disappeared from the surface of the oceans and continents. This not only redistributed the mass, but also “unloaded” the earth’s mantle, allowing it to take on a shape similar to a sphere. This process is not yet complete and the axis on which the Earth “balances” naturally shifts by 10 cm annually. But volcanic activity, which tends to increase, is doing its job, accelerating this shift.
The magnetic field strength weakens
Even more surprising is the behavior of the magnetic field strength: it gradually decreases; over 450 years it has decreased by 20%. This is what worries scientists most. Archaeomagnetic data indicate that the decrease in tension has been going on for 2000 years, and in recent centuries it has become more intense.
Since 1970 the situation has become even more complex. The reversal of the magnetic field at a given rate of decline (that is, a complete reversal of the poles) will take place in 1200 years! This is a real historical period. Geomagnetic measurements over the past ten years confirm this dynamic. A wise rule: if you want to know your future, study your past. Let's look back. Geologists record imprints of the planet’s magnetic field in a variety of minerals and thus restore its history.
Analysis of changes makes it possible to establish an interesting thing. It turned out that there have already been magnetic field reversals on Earth several times, that is, the Earth’s magnetic poles have changed places. Over the past 5 million years this has already happened 20 times. The last reversal took place about 780 thousand years ago, and since then the Earth’s magnetic field has maintained its polarity for quite a long time, which today is falling very quickly...
Mass animal mortality
Monitoring of mass animal deaths around the world has shown that mass mortality of animals (dolphins, whales, bees, birds, roe deer, pelicans, etc.), the cause of which has not been established, has begun to increase since 2010. For other disasters, this monitoring also set records: 13 cases in one month. Such cases can be explained by an increased release of hydrogen sulfide from the waters of lakes, seas and oceans and, as a result, a lack of oxygen. Lack of oxygen is detrimental to most species of fish, especially marine animals.
This could also explain the mass death of birds. The reason for this is the concentration of gases escaping from faults in the earth. The effect of increased concentrations of hydrocarbons belonging to the methane series in a mixture of gases that does not contain oxygen leads to acute hypoxia, in other words, to oxygen starvation. This is accompanied by loss of consciousness, followed by cessation of breathing and cessation of cardiac activity. That is, a gas stream can form in nature, in which birds will suffer from symptoms of suffocation or poisoning, loss of orientation, death, or as a result of poisoning or falling. This corresponds to the cases described in the press. The death of animals is explained by the increased activity of the earth's crust, which has been increasing recently.
Albert Einstein also argued that if bees disappear, then human civilization will disappear. In recent years, bees have really begun to disappear. Explanations for this fact are ambiguous - some blame pesticides, others blame mobile phones.
The weather can also harm the lives of bees - in France, for example, a few years ago, apiaries thinned out due to a rainy and cold spring. The quality of the harvest depends on bees, bee products are necessary in cooking and medicine, and the vital state of flora and fauna depends on bees. Various funds are being organized to protect bees, but this is not enough, the bee population is still declining.
"The probability of a change in the Earth's magnetic poles in the near future. Research into the detailed physical reasons for this process.
I once watched a popular science film on this issue, filmed 6-7 years ago.
It provided data on the appearance of an anomalous area in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean - a change in polarity and weak tension. It seems that when satellites fly over this territory, they have to be turned off so that the electronics do not deteriorate.
And in terms of time, it seems like this process should happen.It also talked about the European Space Agency's plans to launch a series of satellites to study in detail the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. Maybe they have already published the data from this study, if they managed to launch satellites on this matter?”
The Earth's magnetic poles are part of our planet's magnetic (geomagnetic) field, which is generated by flows of molten iron and nickel surrounding the Earth's inner core (in other words, turbulent convection in the Earth's outer core generates the geomagnetic field). The behavior of the Earth's magnetic field is explained by the flow of liquid metals at the boundary of the earth's core and the mantle.
In 1600, the English scientist William Gilbert in his book “On the Magnet, Magnetic Bodies and the Great Magnet - the Earth”. presented the Earth as a giant permanent magnet, the axis of which does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the Earth (the angle between these axes is called magnetic declination).
In 1702, E. Halley created the first magnetic maps of the Earth. The main reason for the presence of the Earth's magnetic field is that the Earth's core consists of hot iron (a good conductor of electrical currents arising within the Earth).
The Earth's magnetic field forms a magnetosphere, extending 70-80 thousand km in the direction of the Sun. It shields the Earth's surface, protects against the harmful effects of charged particles, high energies and cosmic rays, and determines the nature of the weather.
Back in 1635, Gellibrand established that the Earth's magnetic field was changing. It was later discovered that there are permanent and short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field.
The reason for the constant changes is the presence of mineral deposits. There are areas on Earth where its own magnetic field is greatly distorted by the occurrence of iron ores. For example, the Kursk magnetic anomaly, located in the Kursk region.
The reason for short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field is the action of the "solar wind", i.e. the action of a stream of charged particles emitted by the Sun. The magnetic field of this flow interacts with the Earth's magnetic field, and "magnetic storms" arise. The frequency and strength of magnetic storms is affected by solar activity.
During the years of maximum solar activity (once every 11.5 years), such magnetic storms occur that radio communications are disrupted, and compass needles begin to “dance” unpredictably.
The result of the interaction of charged particles of the “solar wind” with the Earth’s atmosphere in northern latitudes is the phenomenon of “aurora.”
The change of the Earth's magnetic poles (magnetic field inversion, English geomagnetic reversal) occurs every 11.5-12.5 thousand years. Other figures are also cited - 13,000 years and even 500 thousand years or more, and the last inversion occurred 780,000 years ago. Apparently, the reversal of the Earth's Magnetic Field is a non-periodic phenomenon. Throughout the geological history of our planet, the Earth's magnetic field has changed its polarity more than 100 times.
The cycle of changing the Earth's poles (associated with planet Earth itself) can be classified as a global cycle (along with, for example, the cycle of fluctuation of the precession axis), which influences everything that happens on Earth...
A legitimate question arises: when to expect a change in the Earth’s magnetic poles (inversion of the planet’s magnetic field), or a shift of the poles to a “critical” angle (according to some theories to the equator)?..
The process of shifting magnetic poles has been recorded for more than a century. The North and South Magnetic Poles (NSM and SMP) are constantly “migrating”, moving away from the geographic poles of the Earth (the “error” angle is now about 8 degrees in latitude for the NMP and 27 degrees for the SMP). By the way, it was found that the Earth's geographic poles also move: the planet's axis deviates at a speed of about 10 cm per year.
The magnetic north pole was first discovered in 1831. In 1904, when scientists took measurements again, it was discovered that the pole had moved 31 miles. The compass needle points to the magnetic pole, not the geographic pole. The study showed that over the last thousand years, the magnetic pole has moved significant distances from Canada to Siberia, but sometimes in other directions.
The Earth's magnetic north pole does not sit still. However, like the south. The northern one “wandered” around Arctic Canada for a long time, but since the 70s of the last century its movement has acquired a clear direction. With an increasing speed, now reaching 46 km per year, the pole is rushing almost in a straight line into the Russian Arctic. According to the Canadian Geomagnetic Survey, by 2050 it will be located in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.
The rapid reversal of the poles is indicated by the weakening of the Earth's magnetic field near the poles, which was established in 2002 by the French professor of geophysics Gauthier Hulot. By the way, the Earth's magnetic field has weakened by almost 10% since it was first measured in the 30s of the 19th century. Fact: In 1989, residents of Quebec (Canada) were left without power for 9 hours when solar winds broke through a weak magnetic shield and caused severe breakdowns in electrical networks.
From a school physics course we know that electric current heats the conductor through which it flows. In this case, the movement of charges will heat the ionosphere. Particles will penetrate into the neutral atmosphere, this will affect the wind system at an altitude of 200-400 km, and therefore the climate as a whole. The displacement of the magnetic pole will also affect the operation of equipment. For example, in mid-latitudes during the summer months it will be impossible to use shortwave radio communications. The operation of satellite navigation systems will also be disrupted, since they use ionospheric models that will not be applicable in the new conditions. Geophysicists also warn that induced currents in Russian power lines and grids will increase as the magnetic north pole approaches.
However, all this may not happen. The north magnetic pole can change direction or stop at any moment, and this cannot be foreseen. And for the South Pole there is no forecast at all for 2050. Until 1986, he moved very vigorously, but then his speed dropped.
So, here are four facts that indicate an approaching or already begun geomagnetic field reversal:
1. A decrease in geomagnetic field strength over the past 2.5 thousand years;
2. Acceleration of the decline in field strength in recent decades;
3. Sharp acceleration of the magnetic pole displacement;
4. Features of the distribution of magnetic field lines, which becomes similar to the picture corresponding to the stage of inversion preparation.
There is a wide debate about the possible consequences of the change in geomagnetic poles. There are a variety of points of view - from quite optimistic to extremely alarming. Optimists point to the fact that hundreds of reversals have occurred in Earth's geological history, but mass extinctions and natural disasters have not been linked to these events. In addition, the biosphere has significant adaptability, and the inversion process can last quite a long time, so there is more than enough time to prepare for the changes.
The opposite point of view does not exclude the possibility that an inversion may occur within the lifetime of the next generations and will prove to be a disaster for human civilization. It must be said that this point of view is largely compromised by a large number of unscientific and simply anti-scientific statements. As an example, it is believed that during the inversion, human brains will experience a reboot, similar to what happens with computers, and the information contained in them will be completely erased. Despite such statements, the optimistic point of view is very superficial.
The modern world is far from what it was hundreds of thousands of years ago: man has created many problems that have made this world fragile, easily vulnerable and extremely unstable. There is reason to believe that the consequences of the inversion will indeed be truly catastrophic for world civilization. And the complete loss of functionality of the World Wide Web due to the destruction of radio communication systems (and this will certainly occur at the time of the loss of radiation belts) is just one example of a global catastrophe. For example, due to the destruction of radio communication systems, all satellites will fail.
An interesting aspect of the impact of geomagnetic inversion on our planet, associated with a change in the configuration of the magnetosphere, is considered in his recent works by Professor V.P. Shcherbakov from the Borok Geophysical Observatory. In the normal state, due to the fact that the axis of the geomagnetic dipole is oriented approximately along the Earth's rotation axis, the magnetosphere serves as an effective screen for high-energy flows of charged particles moving from the Sun. During an inversion, it is quite possible that a funnel will form in the frontal subsolar part of the magnetosphere in the region of low latitudes, through which solar plasma can reach the Earth’s surface. Due to the rotation of the Earth in each specific place of low and partly moderate latitudes, this situation will repeat every day for several hours. That is, a significant part of the planet’s surface will experience a strong radiation impact every 24 hours.
However, NASA scientists suggest that the pole reversal could briefly deprive Earth of the magnetic field that protects us from solar flares and other cosmic hazards. However, the magnetic field may weaken or strengthen over time, but there is no indication that it will disappear completely. A weaker field will of course lead to a slight increase in solar radiation on Earth, as well as the observation of beautiful auroras at lower latitudes. But nothing fatal will happen, and the dense atmosphere perfectly protects the Earth from dangerous solar particles.
Science proves that pole reversal is, from the point of view of the geological history of the Earth, a common phenomenon that occurs gradually over millennia.
The geographic poles are also constantly shifting across the Earth's surface. But these shifts occur slowly and are natural. The axis of our planet, rotating like a top, describes a cone around the pole of the ecliptic with a period of about 26 thousand years; in accordance with the migration of geographical poles, gradual climate changes occur. They are caused mainly by the displacement of ocean currents that transfer heat to the continents. Another thing is unexpected, sharp “somersaults” of the poles. But the rotating Earth is a gyroscope with a very impressive angular momentum, in other words, it is an inertial object. resisting attempts to change the characteristics of its movement. A sudden change in the tilt of the Earth’s axis, and especially its “somersault,” cannot be caused by internal slow movements of magma or gravitational interaction with any passing cosmic body.
Such an overturning moment can only occur with a tangential impact from an asteroid with a size of at least 1000 kilometers in diameter, approaching the Earth at a speed of 100 km/sec. A more real threat to the life of mankind and the entire living world of the Earth appears to be a change in the geomagnetic poles. The magnetic field of our planet that is observed today is very similar to that which would be created by a giant bar magnet placed in the center of the Earth, oriented along a north-south line. More precisely, it must be installed so that its North magnetic pole is directed to the South geographic pole, and the South magnetic pole is directed to the North geographic pole.
However, this situation is not permanent. Research over the last four hundred years has shown that the magnetic poles rotate around their geographic counterparts, shifting about twelve degrees every century. This value corresponds to current speeds in the upper core of ten to thirty kilometers per year. In addition to gradual shifts of the magnetic poles approximately every five hundred thousand years, the Earth’s magnetic poles change places. The study of paleomagnetic characteristics of rocks of different ages allowed scientists to conclude that the time of such magnetic pole reversals took at least five thousand years. A complete surprise for scientists studying life on Earth were the results of an analysis of the magnetic properties of a kilometer-thick lava flow that erupted 16.2 million years ago and was recently found in the eastern Oregon Desert.
Her research, conducted by Rob Cowie of the University of California, Santa Cruz, and Michel Privota of the University of Montpelier, created a sensation in geophysics. The obtained results of the magnetic properties of volcanic rock objectively showed that the lower layer froze when the pole was in one position, the core of the flow - when the pole moved, and, finally, the upper layer - at the opposite pole. And all this happened in thirteen days. The Oregon find suggests that the Earth's magnetic poles may change places not within several thousand years, but in just two weeks. The last time this happened was about seven hundred and eighty thousand years ago. But how can this threaten us all? Now the magnetosphere envelops the Earth at an altitude of sixty thousand kilometers and serves as a kind of shield in the path of the solar wind. If a pole change occurs, the magnetic field during the inversion will decrease by 80-90%. Such a drastic change will certainly affect various technical devices, the animal world and, of course, humans.
True, the inhabitants of the Earth should be somewhat reassured by the fact that during the reversal of the Sun’s poles, which occurred in March 2001, no disappearance of the magnetic field was recorded.
Consequently, the complete disappearance of the Earth's protective layer will most likely not occur. A reversal of the magnetic poles cannot become a global catastrophe. The very presence of life on Earth, which has experienced inversion many times, confirms this, although the absence of a magnetic field is an unfavorable factor for the animal world. This was clearly demonstrated by the experiments of American scientists, who built two experimental chambers back in the sixties. One of them was surrounded by a powerful metal screen, which reduced the strength of the earth's magnetic field hundreds of times. In another chamber, earthly conditions were preserved. Mice and seeds of clover and wheat were placed in them. A few months later, it turned out that the mice in the screened chamber lost hair faster and died earlier than the control ones. Their skin was thicker than that of animals of the other group. And when it swells, it displaces the root sacs of the hair, which causes early baldness. Changes were also noted in plants in the magnetic-free chamber.
It will also be difficult for those representatives of the animal kingdom, for example, migratory birds, which have a kind of built-in compass and use magnetic poles for orientation. But, judging by the deposits, mass extinction of species during the reversal of magnetic poles has not occurred before. It will not happen, apparently, in the future. After all, even despite the enormous speed of movement of the poles, birds cannot keep up with them. Moreover, many animals, such as bees, orient themselves by the Sun, and migrating marine animals use more of the magnetic field of rocks on the ocean floor than the global one. Navigation systems and communication systems created by people will be subjected to serious tests that could render them inoperable. Numerous compasses will have a very bad time - they will simply have to be thrown away. But when the poles change, there may also be “positive” effects - huge northern lights will be observed throughout the Earth - however, for only two weeks.
Well, now some theories about the mysteries of civilizations :-) Some people take this quite seriously...
According to another hypothesis, we live in a unique time: a change of poles is taking place on Earth and a quantum transition of our planet to its twin, located in a parallel world of four-dimensional space, is taking place. To reduce the consequences of a planetary catastrophe, Higher Civilizations (HCs) carry out this transition smoothly in order to create favorable conditions for the emergence of a new branch of the Supercivilization of God-Humanity. Representatives of the EC believe that the old branch of Humanity is not intelligent, since over the past decades, at least five times, it could have destroyed all life on the planet if not for the timely intervention of the EC.
Today, among scientists, there is no consensus as to how long the process of pole reversal may last. According to one version, this will take several thousand years, during which the Earth will be defenseless against solar radiation. According to another, it will take only a few weeks to change the poles. But the date of the Apocalypse, according to some scientists, is suggested to us by the ancient Mayan and Atlantean peoples - 2050.
In 1996, the American popularizer of science S. Runcorn concluded that the axis of rotation has moved more than once in the geological history of the Earth along with the magnetic field. He suggests that the last geomagnetic reversal occurred around 10,450 BC. e. This is precisely what the Atlanteans who survived the flood told us about, sending their message to the future. They knew about the regular periodic reversal of the polarity of the Earth's poles approximately every 12,500 years. If by 10450 BC. e. add 12,500 years, then again you get 2050 AD. e. - the year of the next giant natural disaster. Experts calculated this date while solving the location of three Egyptian pyramids in the Nile Valley - Cheops, Khafre and Mikerin.
Russian scientists believe that the wisest Atlanteans led us to knowledge about the periodic change in the polarity of the Earth's poles through knowledge of the laws of precession, which are inherent in the location of these three pyramids. The Atlanteans, apparently, were completely confident that someday in their distant future a new highly developed civilization would appear on Earth, and its representatives would rediscover the laws of precession.
According to one hypothesis, it was the Atlanteans who most likely led the construction of the three largest pyramids in the Nile Valley. All of them are built at 30 degrees north latitude and oriented to the cardinal points. Each face of the structure is aimed north, south, west or east. There is no other structure on Earth known that would be so accurately oriented to the cardinal directions with an error of only 0.015 degrees. Since the ancient builders achieved their goal, it means that they had the appropriate qualifications, knowledge, first-class equipment and instruments.
Let's move on. The pyramids are installed on the cardinal points with a deviation of three minutes and six seconds from the meridian. And the numbers 30 and 36 are signs of the precession code! 30 degrees of the celestial horizon correspond to one sign of the Zodiac, 36 is the number of years during which the sky picture shifts by half a degree.
Scientists also established certain patterns and coincidences associated with the size of the pyramid, the angles of inclination of their internal galleries, the angle of increase of the spiral staircase of the DNA molecule, a twisted spiral, etc., etc. Therefore, the scientists decided, the Atlanteans had everything available to them ways they pointed us to a strictly defined date, which coincided with an extremely rare astronomical phenomenon. It repeats once every 25,921 years. At that moment, the three stars of Orion's Belt were at their lowest precessional position above the horizon on the day of the vernal equinox. This was in 10,450 BC. e. This is how the ancient sages intensively led humanity to this date through mythological codes, through a map of the starry sky drawn in the Nile Valley with the help of three pyramids.
And so in 1993, the Belgian scientist R. Beauval used the laws of precession. Through computer analysis, he revealed that the three largest Egyptian pyramids were installed on the ground in the same way as the three stars of Orion’s Belt were located in the sky in 10,450 BC. e., when they were at the lower, that is, the starting point of their precessional movement across the sky.
Modern geomagnetic studies have shown that around 10450 BC. e. There was an instant change in the polarity of the Earth's poles and the eye shifted 30 degrees relative to its axis of rotation. As a result, a planet-wide global instant cataclysm occurred. Geomagnetic studies conducted in the late 1980s by American, British and Japanese scientists showed something else. These nightmarish cataclysms have occurred continuously throughout the geological history of the Earth with a regularity of approximately 12,500 years! It was they who, obviously, destroyed the dinosaurs, the mammoths, and Atlantis.
Survivors of the previous flood in 10,450 BC. e. and the Atlanteans who sent us their message through the pyramids really hoped that a new highly developed civilization would appear on Earth long before total horror and the end of the world. And maybe he will have time to prepare to meet the disaster fully armed. According to one of the hypotheses, their science failed to make a discovery about the obligatory “somersault” of the planet by 30 degrees at the moment of polarity reversal. As a result, all continents of the Earth shifted by exactly 30 degrees and Atlantis found itself at the South Pole. And then its entire population instantly froze, just as the mammoths froze instantly at the same moment on the other side of the planet. Only those representatives of the highly developed Atlantic civilization who were at that time on other continents of the planet in the highlands survived. They were lucky to escape the Great Flood. And so they decided to warn us, people of the distant future for them, that each change of poles is accompanied by a “somersault” of the planet and irreparable consequences.
In 1995, new additional studies were carried out using modern instruments created specifically for research of this kind. Scientists managed to make the most important clarification in the forecast of the upcoming polarity reversal and more accurately indicate the date of the terrible event - 2030.
The American scientist G. Hancock calls the date of the universal end of the world even closer - 2012. He bases his assumption on one of the calendars of the South American Mayan civilization. According to the scientist, the calendar may have been inherited by the Indians from the Atlanteans.
So, according to the Mayan Long Count, our world is cyclically created and destroyed with a period of 13 baktuns (or approximately 5120 years). The current cycle began on August 11, 3113 BC. e. (0.0.0.0.0) and will end on December 21, 2012. e. (13.0.0.0.0). The Mayans believed that the world would end on this day. And after this, if you believe them, there will come the beginning of a new cycle and the beginning of a new World.
According to other paleomagnetologists, a change in the Earth's magnetic poles is about to occur. But not in the common sense - tomorrow, the day after tomorrow. Some researchers call one thousand years, others - two thousand. Then the End of the World, the Last Judgment, the Great Flood, which is described in the Apocalypse, will come.
But humanity was already predicted to end the world in 2000. But life still goes on - and it is beautiful!
sources
http://2012god.ru/forum/forum-37/topic-338/page-1/
http://www.planet-x.net.ua/earth/earth_priroda_polusa.html
http://paranormal-news.ru/news/2008-11-01-991
http://kosmosnov.blogspot.ru/2011/12/blog-post_07.html
http://kopilka-erudita.ru
In the circumpolar regions of the Earth there are magnetic poles, in the Arctic - the North Pole, and in the Antarctic - the South Pole.
The Earth's North Magnetic Pole was discovered by the English polar explorer John Ross in 1831 in the Canadian archipelago, where the magnetic compass needle assumed a vertical position. Ten years later, in 1841, his nephew James Ross reached the other magnetic pole of the Earth, which is located in Antarctica.
The North Magnetic Pole is the conventional point of intersection of the Earth's imaginary axis of rotation with its surface in the Northern Hemisphere, in which the Earth's magnetic field is directed at an angle of 90 ° to its surface.
The North Pole of the Earth, although called the North Magnetic Pole, is not one. Because from the point of view of physics, this pole is the “south” (plus) pole, since it attracts the compass needle of the north (minus) pole.
In addition, the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic ones, because they shift and drift all the time.
Academic science explains the presence of magnetic poles on the Earth by the fact that the Earth has a solid body, the substance of which contains particles of magnetic metals and inside which there is a red-hot iron core.
And one of the reasons for the movement of the poles, according to scientists, is the Sun. Streams of charged particles from the Sun entering the Earth's magnetosphere generate electric currents in the ionosphere, which in turn generate secondary magnetic fields that excite the Earth's magnetic field. Due to this, daily elliptical movements of the magnetic poles take place.
Also, according to scientists, the movement of magnetic poles is influenced by local magnetic fields generated by the magnetization of rocks in the earth’s crust. Therefore, there is no exact location within 1 km of the magnetic pole.
The most dramatic shift of the North Magnetic Pole up to 15 km per year took place in the 70s (before 1971 it was 9 km per year). The South Pole behaves more calmly; the magnetic pole shifts within 4-5 km per year.
If we consider the Earth to be integral, filled with matter, with an iron hot core inside, then a contradiction arises. Because hot iron loses magnetism. Therefore, such a core cannot form terrestrial magnetism.
And no magnetic substance was discovered at the earth's poles that would create a magnetic anomaly. And if in Antarctica magnetic substance may still lie under the ice, then at the North Pole there is no such thing. Because it is covered by ocean, water that has no magnetic properties.
The movement of the magnetic poles cannot be explained at all by the scientific theory of the integral material Earth, because magnetic matter cannot change its position inside the Earth so quickly.
The scientific theory about the influence of the Sun on the movement of the poles also has contradictions. How can solar charged matter get into the ionosphere and onto the Earth if there are several radiation belts behind the ionosphere (now 7 belts are open).
As is known from the properties of radiation belts, they do not release any particles of matter or energy from the Earth into space and do not allow any particles of matter or energy to reach the Earth from space. Therefore, talking about the influence of the solar wind on the earth’s magnetic poles is absurd, since this wind does not reach them.
What can create a magnetic field? It is known from physics that a magnetic field is formed around a conductor through which an electric current flows, or around a permanent magnet, or by the spins of charged particles having a magnetic moment.
The spin theory is suitable for the listed reasons for the formation of a magnetic field. Because, as has already been said, there is no permanent magnet at the poles, nor is there any electric current. But the spin origin of the magnetism of the earth's poles is possible.
The spin origin of magnetism is based on the fact that elementary particles with non-zero spin such as protons, neutrons and electrons are elementary magnets. Taking the same angular orientation, such elementary particles create an ordered spin (or torsion) and magnetic field.
The source of an ordered torsion field may be located inside the hollow Earth. And it could be plasma.
In this case, at the North Pole there is an exit to the earth's surface of an ordered positive (right-sided) torsion field, and at the South Pole - an ordered negative (left-sided) torsion field.
In addition, these fields are also dynamic torsion fields. This proves that the Earth generates information, that is, it thinks, thinks and feels.
Now the question arises, why has the climate changed so dramatically at the earth's poles - from a subtropical climate to a polar climate - and ice is constantly forming? Although recently there has been a slight acceleration in ice melting.
Huge icebergs appear from nowhere. The sea does not give birth to them: the water in it is salty, and icebergs, without exception, consist of fresh water. If we assume that they appeared as a result of rain, then the question arises: “How can insignificant precipitation - less than five centimeters of precipitation per year - form such ice giants as are found, for example, in Antarctica?
The formation of ice at the earth's poles once again proves the theory of the Hollow Earth, because ice is a continuation of the process of crystallization and coating of the earth's surface with matter.
Natural ice is a crystalline state of water with a hexagonal lattice, where each molecule is surrounded by its four nearest molecules, which are equidistant from it and arranged at the vertices of a regular tetrahedron.
Natural ice is of sedimentary-metamorphic origin and is formed from solid atmospheric precipitation as a result of their further compaction and recrystallization. That is, the formation of ice does not come from the middle of the Earth, but from the surrounding space - the crystalline earth's frame that envelops it.
In addition, everything that is located at the poles increases weight. Although the weight increase is not that great, for example, 1 ton weighs 5 kg more. That is, everything that is at the poles undergoes crystallization.
Let's return to the question that the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographical poles. The geographic pole is the location where the earth's axis is located - an imaginary axis of rotation that passes through the center of the Earth and intersects the earth's surface with coordinates of 0° north and south longitude and 0° north and south latitude. The Earth's axis is tilted 23°30" to its own orbit.
Obviously, at the beginning, the earth's axis coincided with the earth's magnetic pole and at this point an ordered torsion field emerged on the earth's surface. But along with the ordered torsion field, gradual crystallization of the surface layer occurred, which led to the formation of a substance and its gradual accumulation.
The formed substance tried to cover the intersection point of the earth's axis, but its rotation did not allow this to be done. Therefore, a trench was formed around the intersection point, which increased in diameter and depth. And along the edge of the trench, at a certain point, an ordered torsion field and, at the same time, a magnetic field were concentrated.
This point with an ordered torsion field and magnetic field crystallized a certain space and increased its weight. Therefore, it began to act as a flywheel or pendulum, which ensured and now provides continuous rotation of the earth's axis. As soon as slight disruptions in the rotation of the axis occur, the magnetic pole changes its position - either approaching the axis of rotation, or moving away.
And this process of ensuring continuous rotation of the earth's axis is not the same at the earth's magnetic poles, so they cannot be connected by a straight line through the center of the earth. To make it clear, let’s take as an example the coordinates of the earth’s magnetic poles over several years.
North Magnetic Pole - Arctic
2004 - 82.3° N. w. and 113.4° W. d.
2007 - 83.95° N. w. and 120.72° W. d.
2015 - 86.29° N. w. and 160.06° W. d.
South Magnetic Pole - Antarctica
2004 - 63.5° S. w. and 138.0° E. d.
2007 - 64.497° S. w. and 137.684° east. d.
2015 - 64.28° S. w. and 136.59° east. d.