Garlic is prophylactic for colds
Types of winter garlic differ among themselves in the size of the head, the number of cloves, keeping quality, taste and even aroma. You can choose a variety with good keeping quality, the desired bulb size or number of cloves.
| Name | Characteristic | Photo |
| Alcor mid-season | With a spicy taste and high yield. Qualities: frost resistance, dense head, up to 5 cloves, no more than 35 g. Stores well. |  |
| Belarusian early ripening | Large (50−80 g), sharp, with good winter hardiness and keeping quality. Resistant to diseases. Up to 8 teeth. |  |
| Gribovsky anniversary mid-season | Frost-resistant variety with a flat-round bulb up to 40 g. Qualities: drought and disease resistance. There are up to 10 cloves in an onion. |  |
| Lyubasha mid-season | A high-yielding variety with excellent winter hardiness and resistance to drought and fusarium. Large onion (up to 120 g). Well kept. |  |
| Mid-season sail | The variety is considered medium-sized (30−50 g), high-yielding. Pests and diseases: stem nematode, downy mildew, bacterial rot. |  |
| Moscow region mid-season | Excellent frost and disease resistance, medium head (60 g), stores well. |  |
| Spas mid-season | A large variety (100 g), combining such qualities as winter hardiness, excellent shelf life, and disease resistance. |  |
To plant garlic correctly in winter, you need to understand what kind of crop it is and what its requirements are. After planting the clove, the plant begins to grow root system. For successful wintering, the roots must grow 10 cm, and green feathers must not appear from the soil.
The winter planting plan is as follows:
- We take into account the landing dates.
- Choosing a location.
- Soil preparation.
- Preparation planting material.
- Planting cloves or bulbs.
- Care and feeding.
Now let's look at all the points in more detail.
When exactly to plant garlic in the fall: planting on time is the key to a good harvest
Experienced people believe that winter garlic should be planted some time before the onset of frost. If your planting material consists of bulbs, then they are planted 2 weeks, and if with cloves, then 3-4 weeks before frost. On average, you need to meet last days October. In Siberia, garlic is planted in September.
Sometimes inexperienced gardeners ask whether it is possible to plant garlic in November. We answer: it is possible, provided there is a long, warm, dry autumn. The deadline is considered to be the first days of November.
ADVICE!
You should not focus on exact calendar dates; it is better to take into account weather forecasts and temperature drops below +10 degrees.
For those who like to work lunar calendar: in 2018, the days from 11 to 15 and from 24 to 26 October will be favorable.
Garlic arrows are eaten
When not to plant garlic
Early planted winter garlic will definitely sprout. This sharply reduces winter hardiness and jeopardizes the entire future harvest. If, on the contrary, you are late with planting, then the plant will not have time to develop the root system. In this case, in the spring you will find completely empty beds.
Choosing a place and predecessors
According to the rules of crop rotation, it is better not to plant such a crop after onions and garlic, since they have already taken the necessary substances and compounds from the soil. You should not choose a place where carrots, beets, turnips, or late pumpkins grew. After these crops, the soil will not have time to recover in time for autumn planting.
The best predecessors are zucchini, eggplant, cucumbers, and peppers. They have a short growing season, and they take up slightly different compounds and different concentrations of minerals from the soil.
Preparing the soil for planting
A month before planting garlic crops, cover a sunny open area or bed with humus or compost at the rate of 5-6 kg per square meter, add 20−30 g of superphosphate and potassium salt. You can sprinkle the ground with sifted ash at a rate of 100 g per 1 m². After these procedures, all the soil is dug up onto the bayonet of a shovel and leveled with a rake.
Non-acidic soil must contain sand.
We did not indicate that the bed needs to be cleared of the remains of its predecessors, because by burying the green mass in the ground, you will enrich the soil with useful microelements.
Processing garlic before planting before winter
Planting garlic in the fall before winter is often done using cloves. But if you are rejuvenating a variety or want to get rid of diseases of this crop, then it is better to use bulbs (seeds collected in the summer from the opened arrows).
Processing of cloves and bulbs comes down to discarding the material: the planting material must be clean, medium or large in size, and must have a solid shell. It is preferable to disinfect in a solution (1 tablespoon of salt per 1 liter of water) for 3 minutes, and then rinse the teeth in a weak solution for a minute copper sulfate(0.5 tsp without a slide is diluted with 5 liters of water).
Planting depth of garlic before winter
The teeth are planted in pre-prepared furrows. They are made no deeper than 20 cm. It is better to sprinkle the bottom of the grooves with an even, small layer of sand. In the conditions of the steppe and arid zones, many gardeners do not water the furrows before planting. a large number water. In the middle zone it is not necessary to do this, especially in rainy autumn.
Garlic is planted to a depth of no more than 20 cm.
At what distance should I plant garlic?
Let’s combine the data on planting depth and distance into a convenient table:
IMPORTANT!
If you are late with planting, increase the planting depth by 2-3 cm to prevent freezing.
Planting material is inserted into the grooves by hand, bottom down and gently pressed into the ground with your fingers. Sprinkle soil or mulch on top in an even layer. If the winter has little snow, then the beds are covered with plant debris, roofing felt or polyethylene. In conditions of abundant snowfall, no covering material is required.
PLEASE NOTE!
Bulbs will be given to next year single clove large onion. Having dug up the clove at the end of summer and dried it, it is planted again in the fall. On next year an updated variety with a large head grows.
A useful video will tell you how to plant winter garlic in the fall.
Simple rules for caring for winter garlic
It’s not enough to know how to plant winter garlic correctly, you also need to know how to care for it!
Care begins in April. As soon as the snow melts from the garden bed, you need to remove 2 cm of mulch. This will make it easier for the feathers to germinate. Why can't you remove all the mulch? Mulching material protects young shoots and helps retain heat. The first watering is done in May, when all that remains of the snow is memories, and the soil will obviously need moisture. Water the seedlings regularly. Garlic is fed three times: after the first greenery appears, urea or a weak solution of bird droppings is added in liquid form. The second time, the culture needs a nitrophoska solution (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water). Last feeding in June it consists of ash (a glass per bucket of water) or superphosphate (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water).
IMPORTANT!
Before applying fertilizer, the bed must be moistened to avoid chemical burns!
In summer, watering is gradually reduced. If the arrows have reached 10 cm, they are broken out, leaving a few pieces to determine the timing of ripening or seed propagation.
For this culture correct timing landings are very important. If garlic is planted too early in the fall before winter, it will germinate, but if it is done too late, it will not have time to take root before frost. Untimely planting can lead not only to significant crop loss. You may not get it at all.
The best varieties of winter garlic
Varieties of winter garlic differ in many parameters: the size of the heads, ripening time, pungency, and storage ability. But they are all divided into 2 main groups: shooters and non-shooters. The first ones form an arrow on which airy bulbs grow - babies. If you sow them, you can get one-toothed trees - an excellent material for autumn planting. The second group of varieties does not have such an arrow.
Shooting varieties
Alekseevsky.
A variety that produces a very large head - its weight is about 180 g, some record holders grow up to 240 g. There are 5 cloves in the head. The plant is powerful, together with the arrow, it can reach a height of 1.5 m. It is well stored and has a rich, pungent taste. The color of the covering scales is gray. The variety is resistant to fusarium.
Gulliver.
The head is large, the average weight is 120 g, the record is 250. There are up to 12 teeth in the head. The covering scales are grey, the taste is pungent. This variety of garlic is also suitable for spring planting. Medium late variety.
Belorussian.
The weight of the heads is up to 80 g. The number of teeth in it is up to 8. The scales are white with purple tint. The taste is spicy. Early ripening variety.
Lyubasha.
The head is large, weighing up to 120 g, covered with light scales with purple veins. The taste is sharp, the number of cloves is up to 7. The ripening period is average.
Nazus.
A variety for regions with frosty winters. The head weighs on average 65 g, has up to 6 cloves, scales are reddish-white, the taste is slightly pungent. Mid-season variety.
Non-shooting varieties
Novosibirsk.
The average weight of the head is 22 g, it is made of 6 teeth. Covering scales are pale pink, the taste is semi-sharp. The variety is mid-season.
Podmoskovny.
A variety with a pungent taste. The head weighs up to 60 g, consists of 7 cloves. Covering scales are gray with purple stripes. The ripening period is mid-season.
Why plant garlic before winter?
Potatoes and all types of onions – bad predecessors for garlic, since they share the same diseases with it, the pathogens of which can accumulate in the soil. Root vegetables and various nightshade crops are not suitable as predecessors.
Garlic works best after cucumbers and other pumpkin varieties, cabbage (especially early white cabbage), legumes, and various grains.
Landing dates
They depend on the growing region. It will help you figure out when to plant garlic before winter, next rule: Garlic takes three weeks to a month to take root. It falls during the frost-free period, and, therefore, garlic needs to be planted 20-30 days before the onset of frost.
Early autumn frosts do not count. If the cloves are planted earlier, they will not only take root, but will also sprout sprouts that will die in the winter. The tooth will have little strength left for a new sprout, and perhaps none at all. Therefore on bountiful harvest you won't have to count anymore. When too late boarding good roots will not have time to grow, in the spring the clove will have to spend time growing them, shoots may be late.
Preparation of planting material
Only large cloves from healthy bulbs are suitable for planting.
Preparing teeth:
- we disassemble the onion into cloves, not forgetting to remove parts of the bottom; in non-shooting varieties, only the outer row is selected for planting; double cloves should not be planted;
- we reject all damaged and diseased ones;
- We disinfect the planting material in the “Maxim” preparation according to the instructions or in a solution of copper sulfate prepared from 10 liters of water and a teaspoon of the preparation.
Teeth should be planted immediately after disinfection.
Soil requirements
The soil in the garlic bed must meet the following requirements:
- be fertile, with a high humus content - you won’t get large heads on thin soils;
- be fairly light in composition, ideally it is black soil or sandy loam well seasoned with humus; good harvest It also works on loams, but they will have to be loosened often;
- good air flow;
- have a neutral reaction; if the soil is acidic, it is limed in advance;
- there should be no stagnant water in the garden bed; garlic cannot tolerate it, so this crop should not be planted in lowlands; the only option on too moist soils - high beds.
When choosing a place to plant, you need to pay attention to its illumination. It should be maximum, garlic will please you in the shade green pen, but not full-fledged heads.
Fertilizer when preparing beds
The garlic bed must be prepared at least 2 weeks in advance to allow the soil to settle and compact. In soil that is too loose, the cloves are strongly retracted into the depth; seedlings will appear later and will be uneven.
How do you fertilize garlic beds? For every sq. m contribute:
- up to 10 kg of humus or well-rotted compost;
- a glass of wood ash;
- 1 tbsp. a spoonful of superphosphate;
- 2 tbsp. spoons of potassium sulfate.
Nitrogen fertilizers are applied during the first spring loosening. In the fall, the soil is dug up to a depth of 25 cm. You can simply loosen it well with a pitchfork, picking out the roots of the weeds.
Cannot be used under garlic fresh manure– the heads will turn out loose and will not be stored well.
Planting scheme for winter garlic
It is better to place rows from rows in the garden bed at a distance of 25 cm. In a row, cloves are planted every 10 cm, large ones less often, small ones more often. The easiest way is to take a thick stick and make indentations with it at the required distance at the same level.
At what depth is garlic planted? It depends on how cold the winters are and how much snow there is. Garlic planted at a depth of about 5 cm germinates faster, but in conditions with little snow and frosty winter he might freeze out. In harsh climates, it is better to choose a planting depth of about 15 cm. The cloves are placed in the holes with the bottom down, without pressing them, otherwise it will be difficult for them to sprout roots. The holes are filled with humus.
Experienced gardeners know that dry wintering is preferable for garlic. In our unstable climate, we are not protected from rain even in January. To protect plantings from excess moisture and at the same time, from severe freezing, you can mulch the soil with a layer of humus or leaves, and cover the bed with either roofing felt or film. But this is only if in the spring it is possible to remove the shelter before germination. Otherwise, you will have to limit yourself to the usual mulching layer of 5 cm. In the spring, the mulching material is removed.
Features of care
Growing garlic in open ground is not a difficult task, but it requires consistency in the application of all agricultural techniques. In spring, garlic sprouts very quickly. As soon as the first leaves appear, the soil is loosened to destroy the soil crust. At this time, plants especially need nitrogen. Roots in cold soil still function poorly, and the leaf apparatus grows quickly. This imbalance often causes leaf tips to dry out. To avoid this, feed garlic any nitrogen fertilizer, but always in liquid form: tbsp. spoon of urea per 10 liters of water, for each square. m pour out 1/3 of the bucket. It is good to add humate to the solution; it promotes the fastest growth of roots.
In the future, another 2-3 feedings will be required at intervals of 2 weeks:
- in the phase of 3-4 leaves - complete mineral fertilizer with the addition of urea - according to Art. spoon per 10 liters of water, consumption per 3 sq. m;
- complete mineral fertilizer - Art. spoon per 10 liters of water, consumption per 2 square meters. m;
- superphosphate – 1 tbsp. spoon, potassium sulfate - 1 tbsp. spoon per 10 liters of water, consumption per 2 sq.m.
Fertilizing is carried out after watering. Garlic loves moisture, so water it regularly, but only in the first half of the growing season.
20 days before harvesting, stop watering garlic.
What else needs to be done to get a good harvest?
- Remove arrows on arrowing varieties in a timely manner - they should not grow more than 5 cm.
- Keep the soil loose and weed-free.
- Remove heads in time
Planting garlic in the fall before winter seems like a small thing for an experienced gardener. A beginner always has a lot of questions related to determining the exact timing, preparation of planting material, and beds. So that you can assemble it the first time good harvest, let's look at the technology of growing a spicy vegetable in your garden.
When to plant garlic in the fall: timing
Each gardener determines the optimal time for planting winter garlic in the fall individually. The timing depends on the climate of the region. Typically, winter garlic is planted three weeks before the expected frost. Soil late autumn It should still keep the heat at about +10 o C. You can plant cloves or seeds in colder soil before winter, but it should not be frozen.
The choice of such dates is explained by the fact that before the onset of winter, the planting material must have time to take root. Late autumn is accompanied by cool weather. Only the earth holds heat. Conditions are optimal for garlic to develop a root rather than an above-ground green stem. If planting is done in early autumn, then the leaves will grow along with the roots, since it is still warm outside. In winter, green spaces will freeze or suffocate under a crust of ice.
Approximate planting dates for winter different regions the following:
- middle lane - last numbers September and until mid-October;
- south – the last days of October and all of November;
- northern regions - the second ten days of September, ending with the first days of October.
By folk signs old people try to send garlic to the garden bed before the fall church holiday Intercession.
The video talks about the timing of planting garlic in the fall:
How to prepare garlic for planting in the fall
To learn how to prepare garlic for planting in the fall, you need to know what the spicy vegetable is grown from. The following material is used for propagation:
- Teeth. Planting material is obtained from the head by dividing it into parts. For planting winter garlic in the fall, the cloves are not always beneficial, since they are quite large. To plant a large plantation before winter you will need to use many heads.
- Seeds. Vegetable growers also call this planting material bulbs. You can grow the seeds yourself if you do not pick the arrows from the plant.
It is easier to grow a crop from cloves, but over time you will have to start another garlic, since diseases accumulate in such planting material. With bulbs it is more difficult, but every year there will be a guaranteed healthy harvest.
Preparing cloves for planting in the fall follows the following rules:
- Only large, undamaged heads are selected. Divide the onion into cloves with your hands, being careful not to damage the shell. Be sure to break off part of the bottom.
- There are varieties that do not shoot shoots. The bulb may consist of several rows of cloves. For planting in the fall, only the cloves of the outer first row are taken.
The resulting teeth are carefully examined. Any damaged ones are thrown away. Get rid of double teeth.
To prepare bulbs for planting before winter, you first need to know how to grow them. If there are no prepared seeds, cloves are planted in the fall. In the spring the feather will sprout. You cannot pick greens for food. Over time, arrows will appear, twisted at the end like a donut. In summer, a peduncle is formed from which bulbs will appear.
The arrows are plucked in the fall. The signal will be yellowed foliage. However, you can’t overexpose them either, otherwise the bulbs will break through the thin shell and crumble to the ground. To avoid accidentally picking unripe seeds, gardeners tie the head of the peduncle with gauze. Even if the bulblets break through the shell, they will all remain in the bag.
Important! If garlic bulbs were planted in the fall, then in the summer they will not grow into a full head. In the first season, a small round-shaped onion grows from the seeds - a one-toothed one. The resulting seedlings are planted again before winter, and only in the second season does a large head of garlic grow.
How to treat garlic in the fall before planting
Treating garlic with disinfectants in the fall helps protect the bulbs from damage. Each vegetable grower has his own method of disinfection. The following options can be used:
- The teeth are soaked for 20 minutes in a solution of the drug “Maxim”.
- Soaking in Fundazol helps to reliably disinfect planting material. The time for etching the cloves and the method of preparing the solution are described in the instructions for the preparation.
- The simplest and efficient processing obtained by soaking the cloves for 30 minutes in a pink solution of potassium permanganate.
- When using copper sulfate, a disinfectant solution is prepared from 10 g of powder per 1 liter of water. Pickling time is 30 minutes.
- Good results are obtained by soaking the cloves for 10 minutes in a Fitosporin solution.
- From traditional methods A popular solution is one consisting of 1 liter of water and 2 tbsp. l. kitchen salt. The teeth are soaked for 30 minutes.
When preparing bulbs for planting in the fall, use a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The seeds are soaked for 2 hours, after which they are dried a little. There is another one folk recipe, based on the use of saline solution. Dissolve 1 tbsp in two liters of water. l. salt, immerse the bulbs for 3 minutes. While the seeds are being pickled, prepare another solution from two liters of water and 1 tsp. copper sulfate. The bulbs removed from salt water are sent to be pickled for 3 minutes in a new solution.
The video talks about preparing garlic for planting:
Preparing the soil for garlic in the fall
Begin preparing the soil for planting garlic in the fall at least two weeks in advance so that the soil has time to compact slightly. Too loose soil is unacceptable for planting garlic. As the earth settles, it will draw planting material to a greater depth.
The bed is laid out in a sunny area. Optimal location– from north to south. The soil is dug up to a depth of approximately a spade bayonet. Roots are picked from the ground weed, cleaned of large stones. The spicy vegetable grows well in light, fertile soil with neutral acidity, well permeable to water and oxygen. If the soil is heavy, sand is added during digging. Acidity is reduced with lime or chalk.
How to till the soil before planting garlic in the fall
In autumn, all pests hide in the ground. The soil may contain spores of fungi and other pathogens. For prevention, a few days before planting, the entire bed is watered with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. If you pour from a watering can, 1 bucket of liquid is enough for 2 m2. On the day of planting, urea granules of about 20 g/m2 are scattered over the surface of the bed and watered from above clean water from a watering can.
Fertilizer for garlic when planting in autumn
During the preparation of the beds, fertilizers for garlic are applied in the fall at the rate of 1 m2:
- compost, peat or humus - 1 bucket;
- ash – 1 cup;
- superphosphate – 1 tbsp. l.;
- Potassium sulfate – 2 tbsp. l.
Fertilizers are dug up along with the soil after clearing the beds of grass roots and debris.
Attention! Fresh manure cannot be used for fertilizer. The garlic heads will grow loose. In winter, the crop will not be stored well.
How to plant garlic correctly in the fall
General rules for planting garlic in the ground in the fall include the following steps:
- taking into account the rules of crop rotation, choose the optimal place for the bed;
- prepare the soil;
- process planting material;
- grooves are cut in the garden bed, following the planting pattern;
- cloves, single teeth or bulbs are planted;
- sprinkled with earth.
In cold regions, the bed is additionally covered with organic mulch for the winter. You can put small tree branches on top to trap snow.
Then you can plant garlic in the fall
Planting a spicy vegetable before winter is carried out taking into account crop rotation. Garlic grows well after:
- legumes;
- cabbage;
- cucumbers;
- zucchini;
- green manure, excluding barley and oats.
The spicy vegetable grows averagely well after all the others garden crops. The exception is carrots, spicy herbs, radish
Attention! It is possible to plant garlic in one place before winter only for two years in a row.
At what depth to plant garlic in the fall?
The cloves are buried about 10 cm into the ground. Vegetable growers have two rules for planting for the winter:
- The depth is determined by the height of the clove, adding 5 cm to the result.
- According to the second most common rule, the depth is calculated by multiplying by 3 the height of the clove.
The cloves are immersed in the ground bottom down.
When planting before winter, bulbs should not be deeply buried. The seeds are sown in furrows 3 cm deep and covered with soil on top. The garden bed is not watered. Before the arrival of winter, the crops are covered with straw or other mulch.
In July, the bulblets will grow into full-fledged one-toothed ones. The bulbs are dug up and dried in the shade. Before winter, single cloves are planted to produce heads of garlic for the next season. The depth of immersion of the bulbs in the ground is no more than 4 cm. For the winter, the bed with one-toothed bulbs is covered with mulch.
Scheme for planting garlic in autumn
The scheme for planting cloves before winter involves cutting long furrows. A gap of about 30 cm is left between the rows so that it is convenient to weed with a hoe. If the bed is very long, it is difficult to cut even furrows. Vegetable growers use a stretched rope as a marking.
The cloves can be planted in the holes if the bed is small. The holes are dug with a spatula or squeezed out with the neck of a bottle. The distance between the teeth is about 10 cm.
When garlic is planted with seeds in the fall, a distance of 2 cm can be left between the bulbs, but not more than 10 cm. Single cloves are planted for the winter in the same way as garlic cloves.
Care after landing
In autumn, planted garlic requires virtually no care, but a little preparation for winter is needed. After planting cloves and cloves, the bed is usually not watered. Enough rain. If autumn is dry, the soil can be slightly moistened with a watering can so that the bulbs take root faster.
For the winter, the garden bed needs to be insulated. The rule does not apply only to residents southern regions. In all other areas, the top of the bed is covered with mulch made from straw, leaves, and small branches. In spring, large organic matter is removed. Fine mulch does not need to be raked out. Organic matter will serve as fertilizer, prevent moisture evaporation, and inhibit the growth of weeds. Planting material that has survived the winter well can be identified by green sprouts emerging from under the mulch in the spring. There is no need to water the garlic. For the first time, there will be enough moisture in the ground after the snow melts. As soon as the bed begins to crust after drying, the first loosening is performed. Do not delay, otherwise the crops may suffocate.
Conclusion
Planting garlic in the fall before winter, as well as caring for the plantings, is a simple process. Enough to stick simple rules agricultural technology, and the spicy vegetable will reward you with a generous harvest.
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Garlic - very useful product. Daily consumption of cloves in small quantities can have a beneficial effect on increasing the protective functions of the body. Therefore, most gardeners are happy to plant it in their beds. Read this article about how to choose the right winter garlic for planting, prepare the bed and plant it in the fall before winter.
Which garlic is better to plant: winter garlic in the fall or spring garlic in the spring?
Garlic, according to its characteristics, is classified into spring and winter. The differences in them are that the first is planted in the spring, and the second in the fall before winter.
However, for example, spring garlic is more often planted due to the possibility of its longer storage, but winter garlic is by no means inferior to its competitor, having the following advantages:
- In spring there are many different worries, but in autumn there is much more time. The timing of planting winter garlic in the fall is not strictly fixed, so planting work can be extended over a long period.
- Winter garlic is not afraid of either the first frost or severe winter., much less the return of spring temperature drops. While the tender leaves of spring garlic in the spring can be destroyed by a sharp drop in temperature.
- Planting material in the autumn months boasts larger sizes than spring specimens. The larger the planting material, the larger the harvest you will ultimately get (the relationship is direct). While spring seedlings By the time of sowing they often dry out.
- Winter species are immune to diseases and pests, which cannot be said about spring specimens.
- Planting garlic before winter does not require special care. In the autumn, the soil is saturated with a sufficient amount of moisture, allowing it to overwinter well in the cold months.
- Harvesting occurs earlier than during spring planting. What does it mean that in summer months Only representatives of winter varieties are present on store shelves.
- Planting in autumn gives a larger harvest than spring rooting.
By the way! You can see how winter garlic differs externally from spring garlic in the picture diagram below.
Thus, planting garlic in the fall before winter is considered very profitable business bringing bountiful harvest. However, for everything to work out, you need to know the timing of the start of planting work.
Video: which garlic is better - spring or winter
https://youtu.be/-_W7hqYAUWY
When to plant garlic in the fall - in what month: optimal timing
The timing of planting garlic in the fall directly depends on the characteristics climate zone, in which you live and are going to plant cloves, as well as current weather conditions.
As a rule, winter garlic begins to be planted 2-3 weeks before frost, so that during this time it has time to take root.
In garlic during this period only the root system needs to develop, but no way not aboveground green mass.
Optimal temperature soil for planting garlic - +10-12 degrees, but lower is allowed, but planting in frozen ground is absolutely forbidden.
If we distinguish planting periods by region, the following dates for planting garlic in the fall are recommended:
- Middle lane(Moscow region) - end of September - first half of October.
- Southern regions – end of October-November.
- Northern regions (Siberia, Ural) – second half of September, deadline– first half of October.
Interesting! Each gardener is guided by his own observations. Some, for example, are absolutely sure that the most best garlic it turns out if it is planted before the holiday of the Intercession. Others, on the contrary, try to plant on sunny days after the holiday.
Thus, garlic should be planted in the fall and, above all, based on the weather.
Video: when and how to plant garlic before winter
How to plant winter garlic in the fall - features and step-by-step instructions
To get a harvest consisting of large, whole and even cloves, you must first decide on a place for planting, prepare a bed, soil for planting cloves, choose good planting material and properly prepare and process the winter garlic itself for planting.
Landing location
The place where winter garlic will be planted is selected in advance. The culture is a plant that loves very much sunlight. Therefore, it must be planted on open areas, not shaded, for example, by fruit trees.
An excellent place for planting garlic would be a small mound or raised bed (for example, warm bed). If it is placed in a lowland, then when the snow melts in the spring, the plantings will be flooded, and the seedlings may rot because of this.
The best predecessors for planting winter garlic: rules of crop rotation
Pay attention! Naturally, if you want to get a rich harvest of winter garlic, then you need to plant it, like any vegetables, according to the rules of crop rotation. About After which crops is it better to plant winter garlic? read .
Preparing beds and soil for planting winter garlic
Preparation of the bed where winter garlic will be planted begins about a month before the start of planting work.
Interesting! Make a bed for winter garlic in advance so that the soil in it settles a little.
As for the location in the garden, then, as was already said earlier, It is optimal to place the bed in a sunny place from north to south.
Next, on the planned site you need dig up the soil to a depth of about 20-30 cm (shovel bayonet), removing all weeds and other debris, and then add fertilizer to improve soil fertility.
The soil for growing winter garlic requires loose, soft, full nutrients. The spicy vegetable loves soil that has excellent air and water permeability, and most importantly, has a neutral acidity level (pH).
You should not choose a place where the soil is clayey, dense or overly acidic. Sandy substrates are suitable, but to obtain large heads, it is required abundant watering and frequent fertilization.
By the way! If the soil is excessively clayey, then you can make it looser by adding peat and sand.
To prepare the soil for planting garlic before winter, organic and/or mineral fertilizers should be added to it.
If you are a supporter organic farming, then the following fertilizers should be applied during digging:
- compost or rotted manure (1 bucket per 1 square meter);
- wood ash (1-2 cups per 1 square meter).
By the way! Ash can be poured into a hole or furrow right before planting.
Video: planting garlic in the fall before winter and fertilizing with moon ash
If you allow the use mineral fertilizers, then enter:
- superphosphate (20-30 grams per 1 square meter);
- potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate (20-30 grams per 1 square meter).
By the way! As an enhanced measure, you can mix organic and mineral fertilizers.
After digging and adding necessary fertilizers into the soil, the bed is well leveled and left until autumn planting.
Advice! Some gardeners advise additionally protecting and disinfecting the soil by spilling it with a 1% solution of copper sulfate, or. But, in principle, this can be done after landing.
How to choose the right seedlings
You need to choose the largest cloves from the most regular heads, and it is advisable that there are no more than 5-6 pieces in each. If you choose small cloves, you will get very small amounts of garlic.
Important! There should be no rot or mold on the cloves. It is worth carefully inspecting the surface for stains of an unnatural structure. Do not take cloves for rooting that have mechanical damage.
All cloves suitable for planting must be completely “dressed” in the shell, without visible flaws.
Important! The garlic should be divided into cloves immediately before planting (before soaking).
Processing and preparing garlic for planting
Before planting garlic cloves in the fall open ground, they should first be prepared for planting:
- Each clove is carefully separated from the others so as not to damage the outer shell and the place where the roots grow (the bottom). Some gardeners recommend lightly cleaning the bottom (from cork deposits) so that it takes root better, but this must be done very carefully so as not to accidentally remove the scales and expose the clove.
- Next, all cloves must undergo careful sorting. You should get rid of all spoiled ones. If you plant such garlic, it will not only not produce a normal head, but can infect the entire garden bed.
- You can soak the cloves in the Maxima solution (according to the instructions) for 20-30 minutes.
- To be sure to pickle and disinfect the garlic, soak it in a solution of “Fundazol” (according to the instructions).
- A pink solution of potassium permanganate will also work. Again 20-30 minutes.
- For soaking, you can also use a 1% solution of copper sulfate (10 grams per 1 liter). For the same thing, up to half an hour.
- Many summer residents recommend keeping the cloves in the solution (according to the instructions) for 5-10 minutes.
- By old tradition, quite often the cloves are soaked in saline solution(2 tablespoons per 1 liter of water), keeping for half an hour.
Advice! What is the best way to process garlic cloves is decided by each gardener independently. Just for fun, you could try soaking a few batches of cloves in different solutions and planted in separate rows to conduct an experiment.
Video: proper preparation(processing, soaking) winter garlic for autumn planting
Direct landing and its rules
Basic rules for planting winter garlic:
By the way! Many people like it plant garlic not in grooves, but in separate holes, in other words, plant pointwise. Moreover, it is convenient to make such holes special devices, or the neck of a bottle (as in the title photo of the article).
Important! If the cloves are placed too high to the surface, they may freeze out. If, on the contrary, you deepen them too much, they will take too long to germinate or even rot.
Video: master class on planting garlic in autumn
https://youtu.be/4dWCm7PFCaY
Step by step instructions planting garlic in the fall before winter:
- Decide on a place for planting, while taking into account the rules of crop rotation.
- Prepare the bed and soil.
- Select high-quality planting material and treat (soak) it in a disinfectant solution.
- Cut grooves or holes.
- Plant the cloves in accordance with the rules.
- Cover with fertile soil.
- If desired, for additional disinfection of the soil, you can spill the solution (according to the instructions).
- Mulch (if you have a cold and harsh climate in the fall).
Video: correct landing garlic in autumn before winter
Caring for winter garlic after planting
If your winters are very cold, then when frost sets in, mulch the bed sawdust, or laid with pine branches or straw, you can even cover it with spunbond. But in the spring, all the shelter will need to be removed during the first warm days, but the mulch can be left (some people specifically grow garlic in mulch).
Video: planting and mulching garlic in the fall
If the autumn is dry and there is little precipitation, it is recommended to water the beds a couple of times so that the rooting process goes faster.
Naturally, the main care occurs in the spring. Some time after the snow melts, the first green shoots should already be visible. Watering is not required yet, because after the snow melts, the soil is saturated with a sufficient amount of moisture.
When to harvest winter garlic and how to store it (methods)
Possible mistakes when planting garlic in the fall and when growing it
No matter how experienced a gardener is, he still often makes offensive mistakes that could not have been made if he knew exactly what to pay special attention to.
The following mistakes are identified that are often made when planting garlic in the fall before winter:
- When purchasing planting material, the sellers themselves The names are often confused or even mixed together. Therefore, there is a possibility of buying the wrong garlic in the fall. So, either use your own planting material, or watch what you buy carefully and carefully.
- Planted without a shell. Garlic, like a fish, dies without scales. Many gardeners believe that the shell must be removed. They are of the opinion that scales (or poorly removed old crusts) prevent roots from sprouting. However, in the absence of a shell, the clove soon begins to actively rot.
- Planting takes place immediately after the bed has been dug and prepared. Firstly, when you add mineral and organic additives during digging, they need time to saturate the soil with nutrients. Secondly, the cloves planted during this period, after the ground subsides, will certainly bury themselves too deeply into the soil, which will negatively affect their germination and further growth.
- Planted too early. If you plant early enough - back in August, then warm weather will provoke active growth green shoots. And when cold weather sets in, they will die, which will lead to weakening of the planting material.
- Arrows are not removed in spring. Of course, the final size of the garlic depends on the head of the bulb, but if you leave the arrow that it released in the spring, then all the strength of the head will be used to form bulbs. Therefore, the arrows should be broken off during the period of their formation.
Video: tricks for planting garlic before winter
Thus, it is better to plant winter garlic in the autumn, since during the winter it undergoes natural stratification, allowing the plant to harden in natural conditions and accumulate mass. And then the main thing is to do everything (preparing the bed and soil, processing and planting the cloves themselves) on time and correctly.
Video: how to properly plant garlic before winter
Where and how to plant garlic before winter? The first part of the question concerns, first of all, climatic conditions planting garlic. The second is agrotechnical techniques for working with winter garlic. After all, winter crops can successfully produce a harvest only if the winter is mild enough and not very long. Where winter lasts 6 months, during which there are severe frosts, and even with winds, they usually don’t think about winter crops.
Winter garlic and its distinctive features
Planting garlic in winter may seem like a simple, not complicated task. All the differences are that the bulbs are planted not in spring, but in autumn. However, not everything is so simple. If you do this with any variety that you usually plant in the spring, then you will be disappointed and have a sad picture of dead and completely frozen bulbs.
The differences between winter garlic are as follows.
- Garlic planted in the fall has several large cloves arranged in one row. Their number varies greatly. The range of such variability is from 5 to 10 cloves. Spring garlic has an average of 25 small cloves arranged in several rows.
- All teeth are located around a rigid rod. Spring varieties do not have such a stem.
- The shell of each clove is not grayish-white, as is observed in spring varieties, but pinkish-violet.
- There are also taste differences. Spring garlic has a much milder taste than winter garlic.
There is another difference between these varietal groups. Winter garlic does not store well until spring. Perhaps for the reason that its genetic program contains information about wintering in the soil at subzero temperatures.
This garlic is harvested in the summer, eaten for several months or used in canning vegetables. If a gardener carries out a cycle of growing spring and winter garlic, then the need to store the winter form of this vegetable disappears by itself. On winter storage Spring garlic is sent, and winter garlic is planted in the fall. Such a circulation will allow owners of dacha acres all year round be with your own garlic, and the presence of winter varieties will still allow you to get very early fragrant leaves of this bulbous plant.
Winter garlic - material for planting
Garlic planted before winter can withstand twenty-degree frosts. Its shoots appear early spring, allowing you to get the first greens even before the appearance of onions and other edible grass.
It is the cultivation of winter garlic that allows large garlic shoots to be supplied to markets. They are a special food product. Additionally, these bulbs are often not so much harvested as a crop, but rather eliminated as a part of the plant that reduces the yield of the bulbs themselves. Arrows are left only on the largest bulbs to obtain seed material.
Young shooters first curl into a spiral. As they grow, they straighten out. At this moment, the garlic flower stalks are harvested. The plants are dug up, tied into bunches and stored in a dry, dark and cool place for about a month.
After this period, the bulbs, that is, aerial bulbs, which are the seed material, are separated. The main thing in this case is not to waste time, since the aerial bulbs can spill out onto the ground, as a result of which the process of uncontrolled self-seeding can begin.
When to plant garlic for the winter? Those cloves that separate from the bulb are planted in the fall, but air bulbs are usually planted in the spring, since they can freeze in winter.
Obtaining planting material using aerial bulbs is considered very effective, since one bulb contains several cloves, while one arrow carries up to 100 bulbs.
In addition, each aerial bulb can produce a specific bulb, which consists of one large round clove. This bulb is called one-toothed. This strange bulb can be used for food, or you can plant it in the ground again and grow a large head of garlic weighing more than 100 grams.
When to plant winter garlic
When to plant garlic before winter? Planting work carried out in the fall, about a month before the onset of frost. Depending on the characteristics of the region, winter garlic should be planted from late September to mid-October. You need to calculate the time of planting so that the garlic has time to grow roots, but at the same time does not have time to release green leaves into the garden. autumn cold.
If you have to grow winter garlic in conditions severe frosts and long winter, the beds need to be covered plastic film, roofing felt and other materials. This cover must be removed very early, as soon as the snow melts.
Winter garlic begins to actively grow after the soil warms up to a stable temperature of about +8 degrees. A sign that the garlic is fully ripe are straight arrows and yellow leaves. It is at this time that the harvest should be harvested. Harvesting earlier may result in poor separation of the bulbs into cloves. If you start harvesting too late, the bulbs will begin to disintegrate into cloves in the ground.
Preparing for landing
Garlic should be planted in autumn on soils with good lighting and a lot of organic matter. All bulbous plants, and garlic in particular, can quickly deplete the soil. For this reason, it is necessary to periodically change the placement of the beds. If for some reason this is not possible, then the problem will have to be solved by regular feeding.
Future garlic beds need to be prepared in advance. After all, the soil must not only be well fertilized, it must settle and compact before planting. This will make it easier for the bulbs to endure the winter.
In preparation for digging, you need to generously add compost or humus. At acidic soil you can add ash.
If you plan to use the bed for winter garlic for a long time, then manure or humus can be buried in a separate layer to a depth of about 20 cm. To do this, you need to dig several trenches 30 cm deep, put a layer of manure there (you can even fresh), and cover it top with a layer of dry organic matter (sawdust, dry leaves, peat, etc.), scatter a small amount of mineral fertilizers over the organic matter. After this, the trenches can be closed from above regular soil. This entire layer, located deeper than the roots garlic will slowly decompose, providing plants with nutrients for several years.
If you have carried out such thorough preparation of the bed, then fertilizing should be carried out only in the first year. In subsequent years, 3 plants per additional nutrition will not be needed.
Garlic can be planted after cabbage, zucchini, cucumbers, and pumpkins. Despite the fact that this plant has a large supply of phytoncides, it cannot completely protect itself from pests. For this reason, this vegetable cannot be planted in areas where potatoes have been grown for a long time. Otherwise, infection with fusarium and nematode will occur.
In addition, it is not advisable to plant garlic before winter in the place where any root crops, such as carrots or beets, grow. The fact is that these crops are usually harvested before the first frost. So the gardener simply may not have time to good preparation soil for planting new culture. In addition, all root crops manage to take a lot of minerals from the soil during the season. So the garlic after root vegetables may turn out weak and small.
Many gardeners believe that it is impossible to plant garlic for two seasons in a row in the same place. Yes, indeed, this crop is capable of actively exploiting the soil. However, if you added a sufficient amount of organic matter on the eve of planting, then you can plant garlic in the same bed without damaging the crop for at least 3 years.
Planting winter garlic
How to properly plant garlic before winter? First of all, you need to prepare the seed well. It must be thoroughly dried and warmed in the sun. After this, the onion must be divided into cloves without peeling off the scaly covering.
The best is selected for planting, so it is necessary to choose large, healthy, undamaged bulbs and cloves. If you are not sure about the safety of the future growing environment for the bulbs, then you can disinfect the planting material in a solution of copper sulfate or potassium permanganate. The concentration of solutions must be weak, otherwise a chemical burn can be created.
Optimal scheme landing looks like this:
- the distance between rows should not be less than 25 centimeters;
- in each row the distance between copies should be about 15 centimeters;
- a bed that is too wide must be divided into “clearings”, that is, an increased distance between two rows;
- The planting depth of the cloves is 5-7 centimeters.
Since garlic does not like shade, it must be weeded thoroughly. Moreover, about two weeks before harvesting, the soil around the bulbs needs to be raked so that their upper part can be illuminated by the sun. This way the bulbs will ripen faster and concentrate more nutrients.
In the spring, winter garlic is also planted, only bulbs, rather than cloves, are used as planting material. They are planted mainly in April.
Winter crops have a number of significant advantages. In the short autumn period they manage to grow a root system, so in the spring the shoots grow much faster than when spring planting. This quick start allows the plant to short term form a strong stem and extensive root. It is these advantages that make it possible to significantly increase the yield of winter crops compared to spring crops.