The purpose of growing horticultural crops is to obtain healthy, bountiful harvest. All the efforts of summer residents and gardeners are aimed at starting to enjoy the fruits of their labor as quickly as possible.
It is all the more offensive when large, developed fruits do not want to be filled with ripe juices, without visible reasons lag behind in maturation. Tomato is just such a crop. Often large fruits for a long time remain green, they have to be collected unripe, and then left to ripen in dark cellars. Of course, tomatoes in this form are inferior in taste to those ripened on bushes under the sun.
What factors influence the ripening of tomatoes, and what can you feed tomatoes to make them turn red faster?
Reasons for slow ripening of tomatoes
If you want your tomato crop to ripen well on the bushes, first of all you need select varieties that are adequate climatic conditions your region. Seedlings should be planted in open ground when the soil is well warmed up. Sudden temperature changes can delay plant development and fruit ripening for a long time.
And, of course, immediately after planting in open ground (or in a greenhouse, under a film cover) it is necessary to stimulate the plant to rapid growth and full development. The faster the ovaries appear on the bushes, the faster the ripening process of tomatoes will begin.
Video: A simple way to speed up the ripening of tomatoes
First, tomatoes require nitrogen-containing fertilizers to build up green mass and strengthen stems and roots. When planting seedlings, it is good to add mullein infusion or a fermented solution of green weeds into the holes (or under the roots). You can add wood ash to them as a source of beneficial microelements.
Another important reason for the delay in the ripening of tomatoes is the thickening of plantings. Seedlings planted at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other, row spacing - 70 cm. The bushes must be tied to supports, the leaves must be torn off so as not to create obstacles to the sun's rays.
How to fertilize tomatoes to make them ripen faster?
During the entire growing season, tomatoes must be fed so that the plant has the strength to grow and abundant fruiting, it must receive adequate feeding. How to feed tomatoes so that the fruits ripen faster? Here is one of the popular recipes for accelerating aging:
- 2 liter jars wood ash dilute with 3 liters of boiling water, stir well, cool, add up to 10 liters of water;
- add to solution 1 bottle of iodine (30 ml) and 1 sachet of boric acid (10 g), let stand for a day;
- for root feeding have to take 1 liter of mother solution, dilute it in 10 liters of water and pour 1 liter under each bush.
Boron and iodine contribute to rapid ripening, increased sugar content of fruits, and improved taste qualities, increase the yield and shelf life of fruits, and also protect plants from late blight. Useful microelements saturate the soil, nourish plants, increase their immunity.
IMPORTANT! Fertilizing with ash should be applied to moist soil to avoid burns to the root system of tomatoes.
Feeding with iodine
Iodine has a positive effect on ripening, and in order for tomatoes to turn red faster, foliar feeding is carried out (leaves, stems, especially the root part, and fruits are sprayed). For this prepare a solution of 40 drops of iodine and 10 liters of warm water.
IMPORTANT! All fertilizing - root and foliar - is applied only in a warm form. The water temperature for the solution should be equal to the soil temperature
The effectiveness of potassium fertilizers for tomato ripening
What else can you feed tomatoes to make the fruits ripen faster? During this period, tomato fruits need potassium - its deficiency slows down the ripening process. Potassium humate – organic fertilizer, under the influence of which the taste of the fruit improves, the size of the berries increases and ripening accelerates.
10 g of potassium humate is diluted in 2 liters hot water, leave for 2 hours, then pour the solution into a 200 liter barrel of water, stir and water the tomatoes at the root. Moisture should not fall on the leaves to prevent late blight from developing.
How to feed tomatoes in a greenhouse
For greenhouse tomatoes, the same fertilizing and spraying is used. In order for the tomatoes in the greenhouse to fill and turn red faster, the doors of the room are kept closed most of the day. In the morning and evening hours, ventilation is carried out to remove condensation from the greenhouse.
These simple rules care and nutrition of tomatoes will help to collect stable, rich harvests of ripe fruits.
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IN northern regions Summer residents strive to speed up the ripening of tomatoes in order to have time to harvest before the first frost. There are several ways to do this. Let's look at each of them.
Pinching and pinching
The procedures of pinching and pinning of extra lateral shoots, which take a significant part of the plant, help influence the formation of fruits and accelerate the ripening of tomatoes. useful elements. Multiple shoots inhibit the development and growth of vegetables and, as a result, delay the flowering and ripening of vegetables in open ground.
Stepsoning
You can carry out the pinching procedure to speed up the ripening of tomatoes using one of the following options:
- formation into 1 trunk, for which everything is cut off side shoots in the leaf axils;
- formation into 2 trunks, when at the beginning of flowering all lateral shoots are removed with the exception of the only one located under the very first flower brush from above;
- formation into 3 trunks, in which, together with the lateral shoots under the first flower cluster, one of the healthiest, most powerful stepson remains on top, located just below, all other lateral shoots are cut off.
Topping
Pinching also helps tomatoes ripen earlier. This procedure consists of removing the upper part, where the fruiting shoot and flower brushes with not yet formed ovaries are located. As a result vegetable crop directs forces to the ripening of already set fruits.
Feeding tomatoes
It will help to speed up the ripening period of tomatoes in open soil. proper nutrition. Timely deposited mineral fertilizers and spraying by special means- deposit fast maturing fruits Among the means and preparations that accelerate the harvest of tomatoes are the following:
- Superphosphate. An extract from it with a concentration of 0.5% is sprayed on the vegetable crop at the very beginning of the tomato flowering stage;
- Hydrel. Plantings are sprayed with this growth stimulator once at the stage of already formed vegetables, approximately 1.5 months before the planned harvest.
- Bor. Tomatoes are watered and sprayed boric acid in the case of a vegetable crop shedding inflorescences or ovaries, which subsequently affects the ripening period of tomatoes.
- Iodine. Feeding tomatoes with iodine significantly reduces the ripening of tomatoes if done foliarly, spraying the foliage. A weak solution of 30-40 drops per 10 liters of water is suitable for these purposes.
Food restriction
Some summer residents in Lately began to practice restricting the nutrition of tomato crops in order to speed up the process of fruit ripening. Gardeners who practice such techniques are confident that under conditions of limited nutrition, the vegetable crop experiences stress and accelerates development, including the ripening of fruits.
Incision
In the trunk at a height of about 10-12 cm from the soil surface using garden knife a through cut is made in which a pre-prepared wooden plate of 0.5 x 2 cm is placed. Breaking the stem does not completely block the flow of nutrition, but significantly reduces its volume.
Padding
At the same height, the stem is pulled with copper wire in the transverse direction. This constriction, which limits nutrition, is fixed.
Injury
The plant is slightly pulled out of the ground by the base of the trunk until a faint crunching sound of thin roots being torn is heard. The result of such manipulation is the death of part of the root system and restriction of the supply of food and water to the plant.
Ripening
Ripening helps speed up the ripening of tomatoes grown in open soil. In this case, you can carry out such an event both with a whole tomato bush and with picked green tomatoes.
Moving under the roof
When there are still a lot of green vegetables left on the bushes, and cold weather has already arrived, vegetables can ripen indoors right on the bushes. Tomato bushes are simply pulled out of the ground along with the root system and hung in a barn, greenhouse or other enclosed space to ripen.
Tomato is a southern plant that requires a lot of heat and light. Therefore, where the summer is short, its fruits often simply do not have time to ripen, and crop losses can amount to more than 50%. To avoid this, you can use a number of simple techniques that allow you to harvest earlier than usual.
To quickly ripen fruits, you must, first of all, correctly form tomato bushes. The more stepsons and branches there are on a bush, the more energy is spent on their growth and development. If you want to get ripe tomatoes in a shorter time, you need to grow the bushes in one trunk, mercilessly removing all the stepsons that appear.
Helps speed up the ripening of tomatoes and pinching of the tops when the growing point is removed. This is usually recommended to be done on the central stem and not earlier than above the third flower cluster. When performing this technique, you must ensure that at least 2-3 leaves remain above the last cluster, which will ensure the growth and filling of the set fruits.
Helps speed up the ripening and removal of unripe, but already browned and beginning to ripen fruits. They can be successfully ripened somewhere in a dry and warm place. The green tomatoes remaining on the branches will fill faster and will sooner reach the stage of so-called “technical” ripeness.
To speed up ripening, stop all feeding and watering starting in the second half of July. Tomatoes that find themselves on a meager ration ripen faster than those growing on fertile soil.
You can also speed up the ripening of tomatoes by tearing the roots. In this way, the nutrition of the bush is also limited. But when using this method, we must remember that it can sharply reduce yields.
Spraying saline solution used at the first signs of late blight disease. It allows you to save fruits by accelerating their ripening. Per liter of water take approximately 100 g of ordinary table salt and the resulting solution is treated with diseased specimens. As a result of this procedure, all the leaves on them will turn yellow, the growth of the bushes will stop, and all the power of the plants will be directed to the ripening of already formed fruits. A thin film of salt deposited on the fruits will protect them from damage.
For the same purpose, spraying with superphosphate is used, after pre-infusion in warm water– One tablespoon is enough per glass. After holding for a couple of days, the infusion is poured into a bucket of water and the tomato leaves are treated. After which they darken, and ripening accelerates.
There are more exotic ways accelerating the ripening of tomatoes. One of them is to put a plastic bag on green tomatoes. It is based on the fact that tomatoes turn red much faster if you place a ripe fruit next to them, which produces ethylene gas. A small but already ripe tomato is placed in a bag, which is placed directly on a bunch of tomatoes growing on a branch and tied. They do not keep it in this form for long - about three days. Then the package is removed. In 80% of cases, green tomatoes turn brown after two or three days.
You can simply put multi-layer polyethylene “covers” with a slit at the bottom on green tomato brushes so that accumulated moisture can drain. In such “clothes” the fruits can continue to grow and ripen even after the first frost.
It has long been noted that a significant difference in the rate of ripening is observed in fruits that have certain mechanical damage. If you specifically pierce the fruit in several places with a clean wooden stick, it will ripen much faster than its healthy neighbors.
Accelerates the ripening of tomatoes and the longitudinal splitting of the stem near the root collar. The stem is cut with a knife and a special spacer is inserted into the resulting through gap - wooden stick about 4 - 5 millimeters thick.
Some experts suggest doing green tomatoes injections of ethanol, or simply vodka. This does not affect the taste or vitamin content, but such fruits ripen much faster. This method of accelerating ripening was tested at the St. Petersburg University of Food Technologies. Tomatoes that had reached normal sizes for their variety were injected with 0.5 ml of regular forty-proof vodka. After twelve days, most of the treated tomatoes were already orange or brown in color. And after another week, almost all the fruits were ripe. It was noted that the industrial application of this method is unlikely to be advisable, but in personal farms it may well be used.
There are also special chemicals, spraying with which you can significantly accelerate the ripening of tomato fruits. But no one has studied seriously enough how these substances, when they get into vegetables, will affect humans. Amateur vegetable growers who used such spraying noted that ripening actually occurs faster, but the taste of the tomatoes becomes similar to lettuce.
In any case, each gardener must choose a method for accelerating the ripening of tomatoes independently, depending on local conditions and the result he wants to get.
Friday, January 09, 2015 21:24 + to quote bookJust a little more and summer will end. The nights are getting colder, and summer residents are facing traditional autumn competitions: who will outrun whom. Either we will be able to preserve the growing crop as much as possible until the frosts, or the bad weather will instantly, playfully, sweep away everything green and unripe from the bushes...
The issue of ripening is especially acute today. green tomatoes, because there are still a lot of ovaries and very young fruits on the bushes, and there are fewer and fewer warm days suitable for their ripening.
There are several ways that will make tomato bushes understand that they need to “turn up the speed” and start turning red faster. And these methods should be used today, in “ambulance” mode
Removing new flower stalks
New buds and flowers, which the plant continues to “drive out,” are simply no longer needed today. Young tomatoes still won’t have time to ripen, and they will take away the bush’s strength, so all the tops of tall bushes need to be pinched or trimmed, and all inflorescences removed. On medium-sized and low-growing bushes (even if it’s a pity) you will have to remove all the “extra” flower brushes - on a large number of they no longer have enough fruit.
Freeing the bush from the lower leaves and stepsons
It is necessary to inspect all the bushes and remove new stepsons. And all the lower leaves, right down to the trusses on which the tomatoes ripen, too.
In the next video, Natalya Petrenko will show how the removal of flower brushes and stepsons is carried out in practice
To ensure that your tomato bushes receive maximum autumn sun, try to remove all excess leaves and turn the branches as much as possible towards the light. This can be easily done on a trellis using garter material, and the branches of low-growing bushes can be secured with spacers or tied to additional stakes.
Iodine supplement
It is known that fertilizing with iodine accelerates the ripening of tomatoes. Swipe 1-2 foliar feeding on the leaves with a weak solution of iodine (at the rate of 30-40 drops per 10 liters of water) - this will only be beneficial.
Prevention of late blight
Although autumn is already upon us, it is not recommended to stop preventing late blight. Can be dry warm weather Sprinkle the tomatoes with garlic infusion (this will definitely be the last time). If your tomatoes grow in open ground, it is advisable to cover the bushes with film at night. This will also protect the tomatoes from late blight: the bushes will not get wet from dew, and the fruits will remain dry.
Forced power restriction
Some gardeners practice rather intimidating, at first glance, methods that promote the rapid ripening of tomatoes. Their purpose is to limit the flow of nutrients into the plant, and the actions resemble a surgical operation:
- At a height of 10-12 cm from the ground, a blade is used to make through cut, into which the pre-prepared flat wooden plate 0.5 x 2 cm in size - such a tissue gap does not block, but significantly limits both the influx of nutrients and their outflow.
- At the same height thin copper wire The stem is slightly pulled across, and this constriction is fixed. The same limiting effect is achieved.
- The tomato bush is taken by the base of the stem and slightly pulled out of the soil- to the faint crunch of thin roots being torn. The bush is released, and the mass of torn roots stops working - delivering water and nutrients.
In the next video, the chairman of the Harvest club, Galina Volkova, will show how to implement these three methods
"Education by example"
For a long time known fact: if you place ripe tomatoes next to green tomatoes, the redness of the unripe tomatoes will accelerate many times over. There is a completely simple explanation for this: the selection ripe tomato ethylene (as a catalyst) - but it looks really impressive :) So, if you “put” a bag with a red fruit inside directly on a bunch of green tomatoes and tie it to the stem, leave it for three days, and then remove it, then literally for 2- On the 3rd day, green tomatoes will begin to turn brown, whereas naturally this process would begin only after 2.5-3 weeks. Conducting such an experiment is the job of every gardener!
The message that scientists tested the effect of ethyl alcohol on the ripening process of tomatoes was not at all surprising. Our people would be completely “not our people” if they had not treated their favorite vegetable with vodka... But, what is most surprising, the experiment was a complete success. So write it down: if through the socket green tomato Inject 0.5 ml of vodka inside with a syringe, then ripening will accelerate (and in 15-16 days, perhaps, it will be fully ripe). Moreover, scientists guarantee that chemical composition Such “drunk” tomatoes will not be any different from ordinary ones.
Harvesting brown fruits
To give the opportunity to mature as much as possible more tomatoes on the bushes, brown fruits need to be removed. They are already able to reach ripeness when ripening at home, and the bush will devote all its strength to the remaining green tomatoes.
Moving under the roof
If the cold has already arrived, and on your tomato bushes There are still a lot of green fruits, you can, by pulling the plants out of the soil along with the roots, move them to an enclosed space - a barn, a shed or a garage - where they can be hung. Then the ripening process will continue almost naturally, “at the root.”
And finally, as an example of the possibility of harvesting tomatoes until frost, here is a video where we visit Valery Medvedev’s greenhouse in October
Autumn and the cold will still take their toll, but how great it is to realize that you can still reclaim your well-deserved kilograms of priceless harvest from nature on your own and with very simple methods!
August is full is underway picking tomatoes. But weather, established during this period in our region, often force gardeners to remove from 30 to 70% of the fruits of this crop unripe in order to avoid their damage. However, these indicators can be significantly reduced if the summer resident uses some agricultural techniques aimed at accelerating the filling and ripening of tomatoes.
First of all, for planting it is necessary to use early and mid-season varieties and hybrids that are capable of producing their harvest in a shorter growing season than their late-ripening counterparts. In addition, the planting area must certainly be open and well-warmed by sunlight throughout the day.
To redirect nutrients to fruit filling and ripening, it is necessary to periodically (once every 7-10 days) trim 2-3 lower leaves on each bush in August. They often have a pale green or yellow color, as they are shaded by the upper, younger leaves and practically do not bring any benefit to the plant, but only draw juices from it. In addition, such pruning improves air exchange inside the bush, and the fruits, better illuminated by the sun, begin to ripen much faster.
For the same purpose in the first ten days of August it is necessary to pinch the growing point of each plant, and also remove all the inflorescences and small newly appeared ovaries, which definitely will not have time to fill and ripen in the prescribed time.
Also during this period, to speed up the ripening of tomatoes, you can spray the bushes on the leaves with an iodine solution. To prepare it, you need to take 30-40 drops of iodine per 10 liters of water and use this amount of solution for irrigation 1.5 linear meters beds.
In order to reduce the risk of plant infection with late blight in August, which is caused by cold dew that falls due to differences in day and night temperatures, It makes sense to install arcs over the garden bed and cover them with film at night. Under such cover the bushes will remain dry, which will have a beneficial effect on the quality of the fruit.
At the beginning of August, stop watering and fertilizing the plants. This will allow you to get meatier tomatoes, which with this approach will be able to accumulate a sufficient amount of sugars and will turn out sweeter and more tasty.
If possible, it is advisable to turn all the brushes towards the sun, securing them with spacers, and place slingshots under them to avoid them breaking off under the weight of the filling fruit.
Some gardeners use one to speed up the ripening of tomatoes. simple trick– put a plastic bag on each hand, at the bottom of which a small hole is made to drain condensate. Inside the package the temperature is set higher than on outdoors, the concentration of ethylene released by the fruits increases, and this contributes to their faster ripening. In addition, the experience of gardeners indicates that plastic bags protect fruits from late blight.
To speed up the ripening of tomatoes experienced gardeners at a height of 8-10 cm from the soil surface, make a small through hole in the stem of each plant lengthwise cut. Then a wooden chip is inserted into it so as to push the walls of the stem apart by 1-1.5 cm. In this case, the size of the fruit remains the same, but they are short time acquire a color characteristic of this variety.
For the same purpose, you can carefully tear the roots of the plant, slightly pulling it up. IN in this case Due to deformation of the root system, the supply of moisture and nutrition is reduced, which contributes to faster and more efficient ripening of the crop.
Thin tissue helps limit the access of nutrients and, accordingly, accelerate the ripening of fruits. copper wire or synthetic twine, several turns of which at a height of 4-5 cm from the ground pull the plant stem.
It makes no sense to bring tomatoes in the garden to full ripeness, Thus, their overall productivity decreases. To enable the remaining fruits to ripen as quickly as possible, you need to pick brown unripe tomatoes from the bushes 1-2 times a week. Moreover, it is advisable to collect them in the early morning hours so that they do not have time to heat up in the sun. They are laid out for ripening in a dry, ventilated area. It is worth noting that in the light, tomatoes ripen in a shorter time, and in dark room– slower, but more evenly.
To speed up, they can be folded into carton boxes, placing several red copies next to them. The boxes must be covered and placed in a room with an air temperature of 20-25°C. In a closed, warm space, the concentration of ethylene gas released by tomatoes increases significantly, which significantly reduces the ripening period of this vegetable. In addition, it is worth keeping in mind that, under all equal conditions, large fruits ripen faster than smaller ones.
Kudrina Irina