6 day work day. Six-day work week: features of work. Holidays and shortened days according to the calendar

Question 46. Basic standards of working time

The main working time standards are the working week and daily work (shift).
A working week is the number of working hours established by law or an employment contract during a calendar week.
The normal length of the working week cannot exceed 40 hours (Article 91 of the Labor Code). Thus, 40 hours a week is recognized as the maximum working time for all employees under an employment contract.
There are two types of working week - a 5-day with two days off and a 6-day with one day off, which is preserved in those organizations where, due to the nature and working conditions, the introduction of a five-day work week is impossible or impractical. The six-day working week has been retained in many educational institutions, where the transition to a 5-day working week is impossible due to the existence of maximum permissible physiological norms for students’ academic workload. Some government agencies, service enterprises, etc. operate on a 6-day work week.
The duration of daily work (shift) is set by the employer based on the weekly working hours. With a normal working week (40 hours), it is usually: for a 5-day work week - 8 hours, for a 6-day work week - 7 hours, on a day before a day off - 5 hours.
The length of the working day or shift immediately preceding a non-working holiday is reduced by 1 hour. In continuously operating organizations and in certain types of work, where it is impossible to reduce the hours of work (shift) on a pre-holiday day, overtime is compensated by providing the employee with additional rest time or, with the consent of the employee, payment according to the standards established for overtime work (Article 95 of the Labor Code).
When working in shifts (2,3 or 4 shifts), the duration of the shift can be different - 10, 12, 14, 24 hours in accordance with the shift schedule, which is established by the employer taking into account the opinion of the elected trade union body, depending on the conditions and nature of the work.
For workers in need of special social protection, as well as for those working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, the law limits the maximum duration of daily work (shift) - Art. 94 TK. It cannot exceed:
- for workers aged 15 to 16 years - 5 hours; from 16 to 18 years old - 7 hours;
- for students of general education institutions, educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, combining study with work during the academic year, from 14 to 16 years old - 2.5 hours, from 16 to 18 years old - 4 hours;
- for disabled people - in accordance with a medical report;
- for workers engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, where reduced working hours are established:
- with a 36-hour work week - 8 hours;
- with a 30-hour work week or less - 6 hours.

With update from 05/05/2018

Production calendar (PC) is an unofficial document that, taking into account legal norms, facilitates the standardization and recording of working hours in the current year. In 2018, the main legal and accounting portals published 2 types of PCs: for a 5-day and a 6-day working week. Every year, the procedure for compiling PCs is secretly based on the norms of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

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The production calendar has been introduced into all modern accounting systems.

The PC can be used in both paper and electronic formats. The second one is preferable because:

• many services have a pre-notification function, and the calendar user will never miss holidays and their periods, as well as official transfers;
• makes the calculation part easier thanks to built-in working time calculators

Production calendar for 2018 with a 5-day week by quarter

31 – holiday/weekend

31* – pre-holiday shortened day

31 – working day

Short version

I quarter 2018

January
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
8	9	10	11	12	13	14
15	16	17	18	19	20	21
22	23	24	25	26	27	28
29	30	31	1	2	3	4

February
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
29	30	31	1	2	3	4
5	6	7	8	9	10	11
12	13	14	15	16	17	18
19	20	21	22*	23	24	25
26	27	28	1	2	3	4

March
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
26	27	28	1	2	3	4
5	6	7*	8	9	10	11
12	13	14	15	16	17	18
19	20	21	22	23	24	25
26	27	28	29	30	31	1

II quarter 2018

April
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
26	27	28	29	30	31	1
2	3	4	5	6	7	8
9	10	11	12	13	14	15
16	17	18	19	20	21	22
23	24	25	26	27	28*	29
30	1	2	3	4	5	6

May
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
30	1	2	3	4	5	6
7	8*	9	10	11	12	13
14	15	16	17	18	19	20
21	22	23	24	25	26	27
28	29	30	31	1	2	3

June
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
28	29	30	31	1	2	3
4	5	6	7	8	9*	10
11	12	13	14	15	16	17
18	19	20	21	22	23	24
25	26	27	28	29	30	1

III quarter 2018

July
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
25	26	27	28	29	30	1
2	3	4	5	6	7	8
9	10	11	12	13	14	15
16	17	18	19	20	21	22
23	24	25	26	27	28	29
30	31	1	2	3	4	5

August
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
30	31	1	2	3	4	5
6	7	8	9	10	11	12
13	14	15	16	17	18	19
20	21	22	23	24	25	26
27	28	29	30	31	1	2

September
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
27	28	29	30	31	1	2
3	4	5	6	7	8	9
10	11	12	13	14	15	16
17	18	19	20	21	22	23
24	25	26	27	28	29	30

IV quarter 2018

October
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
8	9	10	11	12	13	14
15	16	17	18	19	20	21
22	23	24	25	26	27	28
29	30	31	1	2	3	4

19

November
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
29	30	31	1	2	3	4
5	6	7	8	9	10	11
12	13	14	15	16	17	18
20	21	22	23	24	25
26	27	28	29	30	1	2

December
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
26	27	28	29	30	1	2
3	4	5	6	7	8	9
10	11	12	13	14	15	16
17	18	19	20	21	22	23
24	25	26	27	28	29*	30
31	1	2	3	4	5	6

Working time standards for 2018 in the production calendar

So, all norms for the number of weekends and working days, as well as the number of working hours for 40-, 36-, 24-hour work weeks can be combined into one visual table:

Period	Amount of days			Working hours per week
	Calendar	workers	Weekends	40 hours	36 hours	24 hours
January	31	17	14	136	122,4	81,6
February	28	19	9	151	135,8	90,2
March	31	20	11	159	143	95
1st quarter	90	56	34	446	401,2	266,8
April	30	21	9	167	150,2	99,8
May	31	20	11	159	143	95
June	30	20	10	159	143	95
2nd quarter	91	61	30	485	436,2	289,8
1st half of the year	181	117	64	931	837,4	556,6
July	31	22	9	176	158,4	105,6
August	31	23	8	184	165,6	110,4
September	30	20	10	160	144	96
3rd quarter	92	65	27	520	468	312
9 months	273	182	91	1451	1305,4	868,6
October	31	23	8	184	165,6	110,4
November	30	21	9	168	151,2	100,8
December	31	21	10	167	150,2	99,8
4th quarter	92	65	27	519	467	311
2nd half of the year	184	130	54	1039	935	623
2018	365	247	118	1970	1772,4	1179,6

FILES

Clarifications on working time standards

Art. Art. 91 and 92 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation standardize the working hours for certain categories of workers:

• generally accepted - 40-hour work week;
• for company employees under 16 years old - up to 24 hours/week;
• from 16 to 18 years - up to 35 hours/week;
• for disabled people of 1st and 2nd degree - up to 35 hours/week;
• for workers in hazardous and heavy industries - up to 36 hours/week.

There are also special regimes for students and part-time workers. According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 588n dated August 13, 2009, any company by collective agreement can establish a different working time, which cannot exceed the maximum established by the Labor Code.

Important!

• In organizations with summarized time tracking for periods equal to a month or a year or another period of time, their daily, weekly and monthly norms are calculated based on the work period norms established in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
• When accounting for overtime in aggregate, work on holidays and weekends included in this period will not be recognized. This is considered to be overtime processing.
• So, if the period is the 3rd quarter of 2018, then the norm will be 520 hours. This means that overtime is recognized as time worked from 521 hours.
• It is worth noting that there will be no violation of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in this case, since payment for work on holidays/weekends will have to be made in double amount.

But in any case, the daily rate is calculated from the standard assumption about the length of the week - 5/2. Even if the organization is on a 6-day schedule. The norm is calculated by dividing the weekly time by 5:

• 40 hours / 5 = 8 hours
• 36h. / 5 = 7.2 hours.
• 24 hours / 5 = 4.8 hours
• And so on.

The standard version of the production calendar takes into account all working time standards provided for by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The accountant can only find out the category of the employee in order to calculate his salary.

The monthly norm (MN) is calculated based on the daily norm (DN):

DN* number of working days in a month = MN,

if a reduction in working hours is expected in a month due to a subsequent holiday, then the number of hours of reduction is subtracted from the MT.

For example, the monthly working hours in November 2018 with a 5-day (40-hour) week:

(40 hours / 5)* 21 = 8*21 = 168 hours.

The annual working hours are calculated using the formula:

DN* number of working days in a year - “decreasing” hours.

Holidays and shortened days according to the calendar

So, what holidays await us in 2018 and what days will be shortened before these holidays will be described in detail below.

Holidays

Thus, the list of official non-working holidays at the federal level is given in Article 112 of the Labor Code.

But Russia is a multi-religious country, and its citizens’ holidays may differ. Therefore, Art. 6 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Article 4 of the Federal Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations” stipulate that the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can declare other days as holidays, taking into account local traditions and beliefs. So, for example, in the Republic of Tatarstan these are: June 25, August 30, September 1. The subject's holidays are included in the subject's PC and affect the standard working hours.

Holiday-day off

Part 2 of Article 112 states: if a holiday falls on a non-working Saturday or Sunday, then in return for this day off, another day of rest is provided - the next working day. This rule is valid for all times except the New Year holidays. So, November 4, 2018, National Unity Day, is Sunday, so the weekend will be November 3, 4 and 5.

In accordance with Article 113, it is prohibited to involve employees in work on holidays. It's easy to remember this when using a PC: dates are highlighted and when you hover over them, pop-up tips - warnings - appear.

Shortening the working day before a holiday

In addition to holidays, the calendar also marks pre-holiday days with a note about the obligatory reduction of the working day by one hour (according to Article 95 of the Labor Code). The “smart” PC will also take into account the days when holidays are moved from a weekend to a weekday.

Transfers of holidays in 2018

There are many holidays in the Russian Federation and sometimes these days are not very convenient for citizens. In order to optimize rest time, the legislator, in the same Article 6 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, provided for the possibility of transferring holidays to other days. It is formalized by an annual Government Decree. No more than 2 days can be transferred from the New Year holidays, which has been done for several years in a row.

In 2018, transfers will be as follows:

• From Saturday January 6th to Friday March 9th
• From Sunday January 7th to Wednesday May 2nd
• From Saturday 28 April to Monday 30 April
• From Saturday 9 June to Monday 11 June
• From Saturday 29 December to Monday 31 December

All transfers became officially known in the fall of 2017, but nevertheless, adjustments are still possible, keep this in mind.

Download calendar files to print

The files can be downloaded in PDF or PNG format:

DOWNLOAD CALENDAR FILES

Production calendar with a 6-day work week

Pre-holiday shortened days with a 6-day week this year are provided for February 22, March 7, April 30, May 8, June 11, November 3 and December 31.

The calendar in convenient Word format is available at the link below:

FILES

Regional calendars

Separate calendars are used for Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and Crimea:

A few more words about the calendar

What data can be seen on the production calendar

PC is an unofficial document; its introduction and use is not regulated by law. However, in essence, PC is a reflection of some articles of laws on a regular calendar.

In addition to, in fact, the usual calendar with notes on working, weekends and holidays (official and national) days, the PC includes:

• tables with calculated working/non-working time standards by month and quarter,
• numerical information about the number of working hours and days off in each reporting period (from month to year),
• information about postponing holidays and reducing the length of the working day before them.

Who needs a calendar?

The working population of the Russian Federation almost always turns to PCs when planning a vacation.

Accountants use a PC to calculate disability payments, vacation pay, and salaries. Full accrual occurs when working hours are met for the month. Proportional accrual will be made in the case where the employee did not work for the entire month.

In “gray” companies, PCs are used by personnel officers, who are usually responsible for calculating part of the salary “in envelopes”. They also draw up work and shift schedules based on it, and count the number of vacation days to which the employee is entitled.

The rest of the population learns from the PC about professional and other holidays and weekends; uses other information.

The production calendar is indispensable for an accountant, so it should always be in sight.

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Why do you need a production calendar for 2018 with a six-day working week? How many working days are there in 2018 with a six-day week? What is the standard working time in this mode of operation in 2018? You can view the production calendar in this article.

General information about the production calendar

There are 365 calendar days in 2018. However, there are quite a few holidays in Russia. They also include weekends (with a six-day work week - Sunday). How not to get confused and correctly distribute working time norms during the “six-day work week”? Moreover, if we are talking about accounting, then working days, holidays and weekends must be taken into account when calculating vacation pay, travel allowances and when preparing reports. For this purpose, the production calendar for 2018 is being formed with a six-day working week.

Making a calendar for 2018

Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines non-working holidays, and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2017 No. 1250 “On the transfer of holidays in 2018”. These regulatory legal acts are the basis for the formation of the production calendar for 2018 with weekends and holidays.

What does the Labor Code of the Russian Federation say about non-working days?

Non-working holidays in the Russian Federation are:

• January 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 – New Year;
• January 7 – Christmas;
• February 23 – Defender of the Fatherland Day;
• March 8 – International Women's Day;
• May 1 – Spring and Labor Day;
• May 9 – Victory Day;
• June 12 – Russia Day;
• November 4 is National Unity Day.

This list of non-working holidays is fixed and does not change from year to year. It is enshrined in Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

What transfers to 2018 do not apply to the six-day period?

Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides that the transfer of days off is carried out for the purpose of rational planning of working time in organizations and taking into account the interests of various categories of citizens of the Russian Federation in creating conditions for proper rest. For these purposes, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2017 No. 1250 “On the transfer of weekends in 2018” provides for the following shift of weekends:

Read also How to obtain resident status of a special economic zone

Thus, the following weekends have been moved to 2018:

• Saturday 6 January to Friday 9 March;
• Sunday 7 January to Wednesday 2 May.
• Also, to optimize rest time, weekends have been swapped with working days (Saturdays will be working days, and Mondays will be days off):
• Saturday 28 April to Monday 30 April;
• Saturday 9 June to Monday 11 June;
• Saturday 29 December to Monday 31 December.

With a six-day work week, Saturdays are not days off, which means that these transfers are not provided for a six-day work week.

For those working on a six-day week, March 9, April 30, June 11 and December 31, 2018 will remain working days, since the transfer of days off to these dates is planned from Saturdays that coincide with non-working holidays, and for the “six-day week” Saturday is not a day off.

Due to the postponement of January 7 to May 2, workers with a six-day working week in 2018 will have two consecutive days off for the May holidays - May 1 - 2.

Shortened working days with a reduction in working hours by one hour in 2018 for six-day workers will be February 22, March 7, April 30, May 8, June 11, November 3, December 31.

Production calendar for 2018 with a six-day week

Here is the production calendar for 2018 with a six-day working week:

Below we present a quarterly production calendar for a six-day work week (with weekends and holidays). Taking into account all the transfers, the production calendar for a six-day working week will look like this (pre-holiday days, when the working day is reduced by 1 hour, are marked with an asterisk*):

Reforming the education system affects almost all aspects of the lives of teachers and students, from the format of passing the Unified State Exam to the schedule according to which certain educational institutions operate. It's no secret that in Russia. As in many other countries, there are schools that operate on a 5-day schedule and schools that require attendance 6 days a week.

To be or not to be a six-day period? Psychologists, teachers and scientists have been working on this issue for many years, but this topic is even more actively discussed in parent circles. Let's face it, not all parents like the prospect of getting up early on their legal day off to get their child ready for school, and even the need to adjust their personal plans taking into account the work of the educational institution.

So what awaits us regarding the five-day school year 2018-2019? Let's figure it out.

Will the six-day week be canceled in the near future?

It is known that there are several petitions that have collected a large number of signatures asking for a revision of the 6-day school schedule. But even in the 2019 academic year, the work schedule of each individual school, whether it will be five days or six days, will be decided directly by the management of the educational institution.

It seems to many that the ministry simply stubbornly refuses to satisfy the demands of parents who have come out to fight for an additional day off for schoolchildren.

But is it? Is it really possible to take one order and cancel working Saturdays for children and teachers forever? To understand the complexity of this problem, persistent parents would do well to study the legislation and curriculum better.

Why does the six-day period exist?

The need to use Saturday in most cases is dictated by the fact that even with a great desire it is impossible to distribute educational subjects for students in grades 6-11 over 5 school days, if we take into account all the existing coefficients and sanitary requirements for the subjects.

Without delving into the intricacies of drawing up a schedule for a large educational institution, I will give the following standards as an example:

• mathematics, physics, languages ​​and some other disciplines should not be assigned to the first and last lessons;
• objects on which the child’s perseverance is especially important should not be placed after physical education;
• Schoolchildren cannot be overloaded on one day (there are certain coefficients, the table of which is used by head teachers when drawing up schedules);
• Subject teachers should not read more than 3 lessons in a row (this norm, of course, is often violated in our country);
• subjects studied more than once a week should be placed at a certain interval.

This is only a small fraction of the existing restrictions. Add to this the division of classes into 2 (and sometimes 3-4) subgroups and you get an unsolvable problem. And this is not an exaggeration. Most automated scheduling services will really fail and ask which of the “important ministerial rules” can be ignored.

Pros of a six-day school week

• properly distributed teaching load;
• fewer lessons per day;
• less homework, day after day;
• more opportunities for children to attend clubs and sections;
• the opportunity to start the working day a little later than 5-day schools.

Disadvantages of a six-day week

• a persistent negative attitude towards learning on the Sabbath;
• absenteeism from classes without good reason and often with the knowledge of parents;
• conflict with the beliefs of some religions, where working and even studying on the Sabbath is considered unacceptable;
• Holidays that fall on Saturday are not postponed, as for organizations with a five-day work week.

Myths about the six-day period

Is the 6th working day so terrible for a schoolchild?

In fact, not everything is so sad. The vast majority of educational institutions adhere to the following rules:

The right to choose

This problem is not typical for all schools. As a rule, it does not fit into the five-day schedule in gymnasiums, lyceums and specialized schools with in-depth study of certain subjects.

As a result, parents have to choose between the following options:

• A regular comprehensive school, in which the child will study for 5 days, but study all subjects at the “standard” level;
• A specialized school or gymnasium with a 5-day period, where the child will have to sit through 8 lessons every day (and accordingly prepare homework);
• An educational institution with in-depth study of certain subjects, in which the child will have 6-7 lessons a day, but 6 days a week.

You can and should find out what schedule awaits your child in the future at the stage of choosing a school. If high-quality competitive education is a priority, then the problem of working Saturday is not as pressing as the quality of the teaching staff and the conditions in which the child will study.

Of course, a new question arises - is it possible, by adding hours for specialized subjects in specialized schools, to reduce the hours for disciplines that children who have decided on a profile will definitely not need? But this is a completely different topic that requires a revision of the list of subjects in the variable and invariable components of domestic education.

The calendar has been compiled in accordance with the draft resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation on the transfer of days off.

It is planned to postpone the following weekends: from Saturday, January 6 to Friday, March 9; from Sunday January 7 to Wednesday May 2; from Saturday 28 April to Monday 30 April; from Saturday 9 June to Monday 11 June; from Saturday 29 December to Monday 31 December. Since Saturday is not a day off in a six-day work week, the days off January 6, April 28, June 9 and December 29 are not postponed.

			September

ATTENTION! The standard hours for a six-day work week are equal to the standard for a five-day week! Don't try to talk about an error in calculating hours, there is no error in the table.

									I half of the year
Amount of days
Calendar days
Work days								74
Weekends and holidays		5
Working hours (in hours)
With a 40 hour work week							Amount of days
Calendar days
Work days
Weekends and holidays		4								66
Working hours (in hours)
With a 40 hour work week	176	184
With a 36 hour work week
With a 24-hour work week						100,8

Explanations for the production calendar for 2018

According to Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Code), non-working holidays in the Russian Federation are:

• January 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 - New Year holidays
• January 7 - Christmas
• February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day
• March 8 - International Women's Day
• May 1 - Spring and Labor Day
• May 9 - Victory Day
• June 12 - Russia Day
• November 4 - National Unity Day

The production calendar shows the standard working hours for months, quarters and 2018 as a whole for different lengths of the working week (40, 36 and 24 hours per week), as well as the number of working days for a six-day working week with one day off. In accordance with the current procedure, the standard working time for certain periods of time is calculated according to the calculated schedule of a five-day work week with two days off on Saturday and Sunday, based on the following duration of daily work (shift):

• with a 40-hour work week - 8 hours
• with a 36-hour work week - 7.2 hours
• with a 24-hour work week - 4.8 hours

The standard working time calculated in the specified order applies to all work and rest regimes.